Patent Grant
8173133
The present invention relates to the field of chemistry and more specifically to the field of peptide chemistry. More precisely, it is directed to acyl-dipeptide-like compounds bearing an accessory functionally substituted side chain spacer which can optionally be grafted in the form of conjugates, the accessory side chain spacer of which further imparts original properties to the molecule in terms of biological activity and physical chemical characteristics. Depending on the chemical species involved, the accessory side chain spacer gives the acyl-dipeptide-like compound added functional ability by finely tuning its original properties and by conferring novel ones thereto as well. These molecules bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer can be conjugated to a pharmaceutical carrier, an antigen or a vehicle. Bioconjugation involves coupling two or more chemical species to form a novel molecular complex having properties differing from those of the individual components. Natural or synthetic products, having inherent pharmacological properties, can be mutually combined to make new species having original or improved pharmacological and chemical physical properties as compared to starting compounds. Bioconjugates have a wide range of applications in all fields of human medicine and animal care as well as diagnostics.
A great number of homo- or heterobifunctional coupling agents have already been described and may be used in coupling molecules ranging from amino acids, to peptides, protein, sugars, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, polynucleotides, lipids, and nearly every single molecule bearing a functional group capable of bonding. Considerable effort has been made in recent years regarding the synthesis of antigenic constructs made from two molecules bearing different messages. Good et al. [(1987), Science, 235: 1059-1062], have for instance reported the synthesis of a peptide containing both T helper and B lymphocyte recognition epitopes. Bessler and Jung [(1992) Res. Immunol., 5: 548-553] have disclosed conjugates composed of a peptide and an immunostimulant. Hoffmann et al. [(1997) FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 17: 225-234] have disclosed conjugates of a lipopeptide and a mellitin derived-synthetic peptide. Ulrich and Meyers [(1995) Vaccine Design, Plenum Press, New York, 495-524], have observed that immune response was inefficient unless the hapten and MPL adjuvant (Monophosphoryl Lipid A) were found in the same liposome. They suggested the possible existence of a covalent bond between MPL and the hapten. In fact, a hapten-adjuvant conjugate may prove to be highly efficient when used as a vaccine adjuvant. Ikeda et al. [(1999) Chem. Pharm. Bull., 47 (4), 563-568] have reported synthesis of a structural analog of Lipid A coupled to a peptide tumour-derived antigen and demonstrated it has in vitro mitogenic activity.
The conjugation concept may equally apply to protein or even protein polysaccharide conjugates. Indeed, it is well known that use of polysaccharides alone as a vaccine does only give rise to a weak immune response in children aged below 5, as no T cell-mediated response is involved. [Gotschlich et al. (1977); Antibodies in Human Diagnosis and Therapy, Peltola et al., (1977), Pediatrics 60: 730-737]. By contrast, linking polysaccharides to protein carriers does result in a much stronger immune response. This phenomenon was discovered in 1931 by Avery and Goebel [(1931), J. Exp. Med., 54: 437-447]. A variety of recently developed vaccines reflect progress accomplished so far in this field. Mention should be made of vaccines to Haemophilus influenzae and different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae [Powell and Newman, (1995), Vaccine Design, Plenum Press, New York]. In the latter case, a multivalent vaccine has been developed [Sood et Fatton, (1998), Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 7: (3), 333-347].
A complex composed of an adjuvant bound to a polysaccharide-protein unit raises new opportunities. Chemical synthesis technology as applied to bioconjugates is currently well developed and one can carry out a number of projects which were inconceivable just a few years ago, relying on the wide range of homo- or heterobifunctional reagents now available and using conjugation procedures extensively reported in the literature [Hermanson, (1996), Bioconjugate Techniques, Academic Press, New York].
Thus, mention can be made, for instance, of the reductive amination method [Roy et al., (1984), Canad. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 62: 270-279, Hermansson, p. 472] allowing conjugation of a carrier molecule to an aldehyde functional group, having a primary amine on a peptide or protein molecule, with a protein-polysaccharide conjugate or with a pharmaceutical carrier. This reaction results in the formation of a very stable dialkylamine compound.
The present invention is more specifically directed to dipeptide-like compounds derived from functionally substituted amino acids, the free amino functional groups of which are amidified by fatty acids and one end portion of which bears an accessory functional side chain spacer.
More precisely, the invention relates to N-acyl-dipeptide-like compounds bearing an acid group in neutral or charged state at one end portion thereof and an accessory functional side chain spacer at the other end portion thereof, having the general formula I:
wherein R1 and R2 each designate an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain-carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents selected among hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, acylamino, acylthio and (C1-24)alkylthio groups,
subscripts m, n are integers ranging from 0 to 10,
subscripts p, q are integers ranging from 1 to 10,
Y designates O or NH,
X and Z designate an accessory functional side chain spacer or an acid group either in neutral or charged state selected among the following groups
carboxyl
The invention is especially directed to novel N-acyl dipeptide-like compounds bearing an acid group either in neutral or charged satete, at one end portion thereof and bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer at the other, having the general formula I:
wherein R1 and R2 each designate an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated straight or branched chain-carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents selected among hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, acylamino, acylthio and (C1-24)alkylthio groups,
subscripts m, n are integers ranging from 0 to 10,
subscripts p, q are integers ranging from 1 to 10,
X and Z each designate an acid group either in neutral or charged state or an accessory functional side chain spacer, provided that at least one of substituents X or Z designates an accessory functional side chain spacer,
Y designates O or NH,
The acid group X or Y is preferably selected among the following groups:
Where substituents X or Z designate an acid group in neutral state, reference is made to the free carboxylic, sulphonic, phosphonic or phosphoric compound. Where the acid group is in a charged state, reference is made to the carboxylic, sulphonic, phosphonic or phosphoric salt form, namely by addition of an organic or mineral base, preferably one intended for therapeutic use. As for bases not intended for therapeutic use, such bases provide a means for easy identification, purification and separation.
Salt forming bases intended for therapeutic use mainly include alkaline bases such as sodium, potassium or lithium hydroxides, ammonium salts, alkali earth metal bases such as calcium or strontium hydroxide, magnesium salts, ferrous metal salts and the like, organic bases such as those derived from primary, secondary, tertiary amines of basic amino acids such as lysine and ornithine or amino sugars.
Examples of bases not intended for therapeutic use are brucine, strychnine, N methylglucosamine or N-methylmorpholin. As previously stated, salts derived therefrom will serve as separation, identification or purification means.
When m is equal to 1 and n is equal to 0, the molecule of interest derives from serine or aspartic acid. Where m is equal to 2 and n is equal to 0, the molecule being considered mainly derives from homoserine or glutamic acid.
Where Y═NH, p is equal to 3 and q is equal to 1, the product of interest may be a citrulline, ornithine or arginine compound.
Where p is equal to 4 and q is equal to 1, reference is made to a homoarginine or lysine compound.
Where substituents X or Z designate the accessory group of general formula (III)
O—CO—(CH2)s—W (III)
subscript s is an integer ranging from 1 to 10, being, in particular, equal to 4, 5 or 6
W is preferably selected among the following groups:
Among dipeptide-like compounds which are herein included, special attention is devoted to compounds of general formula IV which are currently preferred:
wherein R1 and R2 each designate an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain-carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents selected from the group comprised of hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, acylamino, acylthio and (C1-24)alkylthio groups,
subscripts m and n are integers ranging from 0 to 10,
subscripts p and q are integers ranging from 1 to 10,
and wherein one of substituents X or Z is a carboxyl or a dihydroxyphosphoryloxy radical or a carboxy[(C1-5)alkoxy] radical or a carboxy[(C1-5)alkylthio] radical or a carboxy[(C1-5)alkyl]aminocarbonyl or a [dicarboxy(C1-5)alkyl]aminocarbonyl or a {carboxy[amino(C1-5)alkyl}-aminocarbonyl radical and wherein the other substituent is an acyloxy radical chosen among one of 6-aminohexanoyloxy, 6-oxohexanoyloxy, 6-hydroxyhexanoyloxy, 6,7-dihydroxyheptanoyloxy or 3-carboxypropanoyloxy groups.
R1 and R2 are meant to include saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight chain-acyl derivatives having a variable size chain from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, of distinct or identical nature, which can bear one or more substituents selected from the group comprised of alkyl, amino, acylamino, hydroxyl, alkoxy, acyloxy acylthio and alkylthio groups. Among acyl groups herein of interest, mention should be made of those derived from lauric acid, 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid, 2-decanoyloxyoctanoic acid, 3-lauryloxymyristic acid, 3-hydroxymyristic acid, 3-myristoylmyristic acid and 3-palmitoylmyristic acid which are currently preferred.
The invention relates in particular to the following dipeptide-like compounds listed in the table below as being preferred compounds:
The invention relates in particular to the following as being currently preferred compounds:
These compounds have distinctive interesting pharmacological properties, mainly with regard to immunomodulation. They are particularly relevant in the preparation of vaccine compositions in admixture formulations or as covalent conjugates with polypeptide or polysaccharide antigens or with compounds made of polysaccharide-conjugated polypeptides. They can be used mainly in prevention of protozoal, viral and microbial infections or in treatment of certain autoimmune disease.
Other applications include use as vectors for molecules of therapeutic interest due to their ability to form non covalent complexes based on the variably hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of their accessory side chain spacer. Their chemical properties allow coupling thereof with molecules of therapeutic interest. Likewise, their amphophilic character enhances formulation and transport of molecules associated therewith to the membrane receptors, as well as to the cell membranes and cytoplasm.
Other applications include use as vectors for molecules of therapeutic interest due to their ability to form non covalent complexes based on the variably hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of their accessory side chain spacer. Their chemical properties allow coupling thereof with molecules of therapeutic interest. Likewise, their amphophilic character enhances formulation and transport of molecules associated therewith to the membrane receptors, as well as to the cell membranes and cytoplasm.
They can be used alone or either in covalent linkage or not with a molecule of therapeutic interest by means of administration through oral, parenteral, rectal, topical, subcutaneous or submucosal route.
They can be used solely or either in covalent linkage or not with a molecule of therapeutic interest by carrying out extemporaneous incubation ex vivo with blood cells in order to promote formation of immunocompetent cells before injecting them back in vivo using parenteral administration.
The molecules of interest display similar properties, as adjuvants for the immune system when used for example in vaccination, either in covalent association or not with the appropriate antigens, against disease of viral, parasitic, microbial or fungal origin. These optionally conjugated molecules can further be used in treatment of certain autoimmune disease.
In contrast, some compounds according to the invention show following covalent association or not utterly different properties regarding their capacity to induce cytokine production or maturation of immunocompetent stem cells derived from hematopoietic and lymphoid organs.
Some compounds in accordance with the invention promote maturation and differentiation of monocytes into functional dendritic cells, in presence or absence of the appropriate antigen and act in promoting humoral and cell mediated immunity.
Certain compounds herein contemplated promote differentiation of cells which are part of the hematopoietic system especially within the bone marrow and result in improvement or correction of certain immune system disorders. They display in particular antiviral properties.
The compounds in accordance with the invention are particularly interesting due to their low toxicity. They are used either in covalent association or not with antigens in prevention or treatment of infectious disease in humans and animals at doses ranging from 0.005 mg to 100 mg per unit dosage and from 0.005 to 200 mg daily depending on the particular indication and the individual's body weight.
The present invention is equally directed to a method for obtaining N-acyl dipeptide-like compounds bearing an acid group either in neutral or charged state at one end portion thereof and bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer at the other, having the general formula I which comprises the steps of blocking amine functional groups in position (q+1) and YH in position ω of an ω-functionally derivatized amino acid by transverse blocking reagents, reacting the still free carboxylic functional group with a reducing agent to yield a corresponding alcohol, freeing the amine functional group in position (q+1) and then acylating the same by means of a carboxylic acid functional derivative of formula R2OH, wherein R2 is as defined above, and subsequently freeing the terminal amine functional group, to yield the functionally derivatized amino alcohol of general formula V
wherein Y designates HO or preferably NH2,
R2 designates an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents as defined above,
p and q each designate an integer ranging from 1 to 10,
which amino alcohol is condensed in presence of a peptide condensing agent in an inert solvent, together with a ω-functionally derivatized amino acid compound of general formula VI
wherein R1 is an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents as specified above,
m and n are integers ranging from 0 to 10,
and X is an acid group as defined above which can be in the form of an ester,
to yield the dipeptide-like compound of general formula VII
wherein substituents R1 and R2 and subscripts m, n, p and q are as specified above,
the free terminal alcohol functional group of which can be, if needed, alkyl-, acyl or otherwise substituted by an alkyl-, acyl- or an otherwise substitution reagent of general formula VIII,
A-(CO)r—(CH2)s—W (VIII)
with A being a leaving group, an OH, SH or NH2 functional group subscript r preferably being equal to 1, or optionally equal to 0,
subscript s preferably ranging from 2 to 6, optionally being included between 1 and 10
W being preferably chosen among the following groups, formyl, -acetyl, -cyano, halo, amino, -bromo- or iodoacetamido, -acylamido, -diacylimido, -sulfhydril, -alkylthio, -hydroxyl, -1,2-dihydroxyethyl, -acyloxy, -vinyl, ethynyl, free or esterified carboxyl or in the form a mixed anhydride, amide or hydrazide, -azido, -thiocyano or precursors thereof,
if needed, in the presence of a coupling agent, and subjecting the product to a catalytic hydrogenation or some other deprotection process in order to obtain the derivative of general formula I:
wherein substituents and subscripts X, Y, Z, R1, R2, n, m, p and q have the same meanings as those given above.
The invention is also directed to a method for obtaining phosphodipeptide-like compounds of general formula IV
wherein R1 and R2 each designate an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain-carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents selected from the group comprised of hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, acylamino, acylthio and (C1-24)alkylthio groups,
subscripts m, p and q are integers ranging from 1 to 10,
subscript n is an integer ranging from 0 to 10,
X and Z each designate an acid group in neutral or charged state or an accessory functional side chain spacer,
characterized in that it consists in blocking amine functional groups in positions (q+1) and ω of a diamino acid of formula H2N(CH2)pCHNH2(CH2)q-1COOH by blocking reagents which readily undergo acidolysis and hydrogenolysis, respectively, reacting the still free carboxylic functional group with a reducing agent to yield a corresponding alcohol, freeing the amine functional group in position (q+1) and then acylating the same by means of a carboxylic acid functional derivative of formula R2OH wherein R2 is as defined above, then freeing the terminal amine functional group by hydrogenolysis to obtain an amino alcohol of general formula IX
wherein R2 designates an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents as specified above,
p and q designate an integer ranging from 1 to 10
which amino alcohol is condensed in presence of a peptide condensing agent in an inert solvent, together with an co-hydroxy amino acid derivative of general formula VI:
wherein R1 is an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents,
m is an integer ranging from 1 to 10,
n is an integer ranging from 0 to 10,
and X is a dialkyloxy- or diaryloxy-phosphoryloxy radical of formula
wherein substituents R1, R2, and subscripts m, n, p and q are as defined above, and R is a radical which readily undergoes hydrogenolysis, the free terminal alcohol functional group of which can be—if desired—alkyl- or acyl- or otherwise substituted by an alkyl- or acyl- or otherwise substitution reagent of general formula VIII
A-(CO)r—(CH2)s—W (VIII)
where A can be a leaving group, an OH, SH or NH2 functional group
subscript r is an integer preferably equal to 1, optionally equal to 0,
subscript s is an integer ranging from 2 to 6, optionally ranging from 1 to 10,
W is preferably selected among the following groups
-formyl, -acetyl, -cyano, -halo, -amino, -bromo- or iodo-acetamido, -acylamido, -diacylimido, -sulfhydril, -alkylthio, -hydroxyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl, -acyloxy, -vinyl, -ethynyl, -free or esterified carboxyl or in the form of a mixed anhydride, amide or hydrazide, azido, -thiocyano or precursors thereof,
if needed, in presence of a coupling agent, and subjecting the same to a catalytic hydrogenation or some other deprotection process so as to obtain the derivative of general formula XI
wherein substituents W, R1, R2 and subscripts m, n, p, q, r, s have the same meanings as above.
The invention still relates to a method for obtaining phosphodipeptide-like compounds of general formula XII
wherein R1 and R2 each designate an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain-carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents selected from the group comprised of hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, acylamino, acylthio and (C1-24)alkylthio groups,
subscripts m, p and q are integers ranging from 1 to 10,
subscript n is an integer ranging from 0 to 10,
and wherein X and Z each designate an acid group or an accessory functional side chain spacer,
which consists in blocking amine functional groups in positions (q+1) and ω of a diamino acid of formula H2N(CH2)pCHNH2(CH2)q-1COOH by blocking reagents which readily undergo acidolysis and hydrogenolysis, respectively, reacting the still free carboxylic functional group with a reducing agent to yield a corresponding alcohol, freeing the amine functional group in position (q+1) and then acylating the same by means of a carboxylic acid functional derivative of formula R2OH wherein R2 is as defined above, then freeing the terminal amine functional group by hydrogenolysis and thereafter alkyl substituting the amine functional group by an ω-functionally derivatized alkyl triflate to obtain an amino alcohol of general formula XIII
wherein R2 designates an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents as specified above,
p and q designate an integer ranging from 1 to 10, subscript s is preferably included between 2 and 7, but may range from 1 to 10,
which amino alcohol is condensed in presence of a condensing agent in an inert solvent, together with an ω-hydroxy amino acid derivative of general formula VI:
wherein R1 is an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents,
m is an integer ranging from 1 to 10,
n is an integer ranging from 0 to 10,
and X is a dialkyloxy- or diaryloxy-phosphoryloxy radical of formula
to yield the dipeptide-like compound of general formula XIV
wherein substituents R1, R2, and subscripts m, n, p, q and s are as defined above, and R is a radical which readily undergoes hydrogenolysis,
and then subjecting the product to a catalytic hydrogenation or some other deprotection process so as to obtain the derivative of general formula XV:
wherein substituents W, R1, R2, and subscripts m, n, p, q, r and are as specified above,
W being chosen among the following groups, formyl, -acetyl, -cyano, -halo, -bromo- or iodoacetamido, -acylamido, -diacylimido, -acyloxy, -vinyl, ethynyl, free or esterified carboxyl or having the form of a mixed anhydride, amide or hydrazide, -azido, -thiocyano or precursors thereof.
The invention further relates to a method for producing carboxydipeptide-like compounds of general formula IV
wherein R1 and R2 each designate an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain-carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents selected from the group comprised of hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, acylamino, acylthio and (C1-24)alkylthio groups,
subscripts m, p and q are integers ranging from 1 to 10,
subscript n is an integer ranging from 0 to 10,
and wherein X and Z each designate an acid group or an accessory functional side chain spacer,
which consists in blocking amine functional groups in positions (q+1) and ω of a diamino acid of formula H2N(CH2)pCHNH2(CH2)q-1COOH by blocking reagents which readily undergo acidolysis and hydrogenolysis, respectively, reacting the still free carboxylic functional group with a reducing agent to yield a corresponding alcohol, freeing the amine functional group in position (q+1) and then acylating the same by means of a carboxylic acid functional derivative of formula R2OH wherein R2 is as defined above, then freeing the terminal amine functional group by hydrogenolysis to obtain an amino alcohol of formula IX
wherein R2 designates an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents as specified above,
p and q designate an integer ranging from 1 to 10
which amino alcohol is condensed in presence of a peptide condensing agent in an inert solvent, together with an ω-carboxy amino acid functional derivative of general formula VI:
wherein R1 is an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents,
m is an integer ranging from 1 to 10,
n is an integer ranging from 0 to 10,
and X is an RO—CO-radical
to form the dipeptide-like compound of general formula XVI
wherein substituents R1, R2 and subscripts m, n, p and q have the same meanings as above, and R is a group which readily undergoes hydrogenolysis, such as a benzyl group for instance. The free terminal alcohol functional group of which may be, if needed, alkyl or acyl or otherwise substituted by an alkyl or acyl or otherwise substitution reagent of general formula VIII,
A-(CO)r—(CH2)s—W (VIII)
where A is a leaving group, an OH, SH or NH2 functional group, subscript r is an integer preferably equal to 1, optionally equal to 0,
subscript s is an integer ranging from 2 to 6, optionally ranging from 1 to 10,
W is preferably selected among the following groups-formyl, -acetyl, -cyano, -halo, amino, -bromo- or iodoacetamido, -acylamido, -diacylimido, -sulfhydril, -alkylthio, -hydroxyl, -1,2-dihydroxyethyl, -acyloxy, -vinyl, -ethynyl, -free or esterified carboxyl or in the form of some other derivative
if needed, in presence of a coupling agent, and subjecting the same to a catalytic hydrogenation or some other deprotection process so as to obtain the derivative of general formula XI
wherein substituents W, R1, R2, and subscripts m, n, p, q, r and are as specified above.
The invention still relates to a method for obtaining phosphodipeptide-like compounds of general formula IV
wherein R1 and R2 each designate an acyl group derived from a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain-carboxylic acid having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or bears one or more substituents selected from the group comprised of hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, amino, acylamino, acylthio and (C1-24)alkylthio groups,
subscripts m, p and q are integers ranging from 1 to 10,
subscript n is an integer ranging from 0 to 10,
and wherein X and Z each designate an acid group or an accessory functional side chain spacer,
which consists in deprotecting the esterified carboxyl functional group of a dipeptide-like compound of formula XVI
wherein substituents R1, R2 and subscripts m, n, p and q have the same meanings as above, and R is a group which readily undergoes hydrogenolysis such as a benzyl group for instance, then subjecting the resulting acid to a peptide coupling reaction with a partially protected amino acid or diaminoalkane such as, for example, 3-benzyloxycarbonylamino-1-aminopropane, dibenzyl L-aspartate or ε-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine, in presence of a peptide coupling agent, and thereafter subjecting, if needed, the coupling reaction product to an acyl-, alkyl- or otherwise substitution reaction with a reagent of general formula VIII
A-(CO)r—(CH2)s—W (VIII)
where A can be a leaving group, an OH, SH or NH2 functional group,
subscript r is an integer equal to 1 or 0,
subscript s is an integer ranging in general from 1 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6,
W is selected among the following groups-formyl, -acetyl, -cyano, -halo, -amino, -bromo- or iodo-acetamido, -acylamido, -diacylimido, -sulfhydril, -alkylthio, -hydroxyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl-, -acyloxy, -vinyl, -ethynyl, -free or esterified or otherwise derivatized carboxyl group,
if needed, in presence of an activating agent, and deprotecting the resulting product, for example by hydrogenolysis, so as to obtain the product of general formula XVIII
wherein substituents W, R1, R2, and subscripts m, n, p, q, r and are as specified above and group R3 designates an aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, dicarboxyalkyl or aminocarboxyalkyl group.
Stereochemistry of chiral centers bearing acylamino groups is determined by initially used amino acid configuration whereas stereochemistry of acylamino groups depends on initially used fatty acid configuration. One can start from a diamino acid having L or D configuration or of a racemic mixture. One can start from a hydroxylated amino acid of L, D configuration or of a racemic mixture. All such stereoisomers or diastereoisomers of compounds of general formulae I or IV or XII or still XVI are included in the scope of the invention.
Generally, the compounds of the invention are prepared by coupling an acid functional group of an N-acyl-, ω-functionally substituted amino acid with the amine functional group of an amino alcohol resulting from the reduction of a carboxyl group of a mono-N-acyl-diamino acid, followed by O-acyl or -alkyl substitution of the still free alcohol functional group in order to introduce an accessory functional side chain spacer, which can be optionally modified after binding to expose a reactive functional group. Deprotection of the final product frees an acid functional group.
In a currently preferred method for preparing the compounds of the invention (
The peptide coupling reaction partner is obtained in preference from an α,ω-diaminoacid such as ornithine or lysine through a series of protective reaction steps which are selective of the amine functional group in ω position, for example in the form a benzyloxycarbonyl derivative, by means of a copper complex according to the method disclosed in [Organic Preparations and Procedures International, 23 (1992): 191-194], removal of the copper complex and protection of the amine functional group in α position, for example in the form of a t-butyoxycarboxyl derivative. Other protective groups could be used. The free carboxylic functional group is converted by reduction into a primary alcohol using for example the borane-dimethylsulfide complex or by treatment of a preformed mixed anhydride by sodium borohydride, according to a method disclosed in [Tetrahedron Letters, 32 (1991) 923-926]. The amine functional group in α position is freed in acidic medium (for example through treatment by trifluoroacetic acid), then N-acyl-substituted by an activated fatty acid derivative, preferably a 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid derivative such as 3-benzyoxytetradecanoic acid. If needed, the free OH functional group is protected at this stage, for example in the form of a benzyloxymethyl ether. The ω-amino functional group is freed by treatment with a reagent compatible with other protective groups still present, for example by selective hydrogenolysis in an alcohol type solvent containing triethylamine if the protective group is a benzyloxycarbonyl one.
In the currently preferred synthesis method, the amine thus obtained is coupled by means of an α-acylamine-, ω-phosphoryl-carboxylic acid prepared as described above in presence of IIDQ or another peptide coupling reagent, to yield a protected phosphorylated dipeptide-like compound. This product is O-acyl substituted at the still free hydroxyl functional group with an co-functionally derivatized acid such as 6-heptenoic acid in presence of EDCI or another esterifying reagent (
As one alternative to this method, the resulting peptide conjugate product is O-acyl substituted using an ω-aminoalkanoic acid derivative, such as 6-benzyloxycarbanoylaminohexanoic acid (
n a second preferred method, the peptide coupling reaction acid partner is a D- or L-aspartic acid or optionally a D- or L-glutamic acid derivative (
Alternatively, the hydroxyl functional group of the previously obtained dipeptide-like compound (
In a second variant to this procedure (
In a third variant to this procedure, the intermediate dipeptide-like compound described in
According to a third preferred method, the amino alcohol obtained from ornithine or lysine as described above, is alkyl-substituted by an ω-alkenyl triflate, such as hept-6-enyl triflate (
According to a fourth preferred method (
According to a fifth currently preferred method, the starting amino acid is cysteine or homocysteine (
In another preferred method (
In an equally preferred alternative method (
According to an eighth preferred method (
According to a ninth preferred method (
The invention further relates to intermediates of general formulae V, VI, IX, XIII and XVI either in the form of a pure enantiomer and/or stereoisomer or a mixture of stereoisomers.
The invention still relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing as an active ingredient at least one compound of general formula I, either in neutral or charged state, in combination or in admixture with a non toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert vehicle or excipient.
The invention relates more specifically to pharmaceutical compositions containing as an active ingredient at least one salt of a compound of general formula I, together with an organic or mineral base intended for therapeutic use.
The invention still further relates to pharmaceutical compositions based on a compound of general formula I, either in the form of a pure enantiomer or in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers, in combination or in admixture with a pharmaceutical excipient or vehicle.
Among pharmaceutical formulations herein contemplated, mention should be made of those which are suitable to administration by mucosal, transcutaneous, topical, parenteral, digestive route or inhalation such as for instance coated or uncoated tablets, capsules, injection solutes or suspensions, spray, gels, plasters or rapid absorption solutes.
In preference, the compounds according to the invention can be grafted on an antigen to modulate the immune response or also be grafted on a pharmaceutical carrier to enhance therapeutic effect or targeting thereof and be administered by injection as conjugates in aqueous solutions or suspensions, optionally neutralized by an amine or a hydroxyalkylamine. For instance, mention is made of H1N1 antigen, SYVPSAEQI (SEQUENCE ID 1) nonapeptide antigen of Plasmodium and pharmaceutical carriers such as AZT, d4T as well as antibiotics such as macrolids and substances which act on the central nervous system CNS.
The following non limiting examples are intended to further illustrate the invention. They are outlined in
To a solution of homoserine bromohydrate (2 g; 16.78 mmol.) in H2O (20 ml), addition was made in succession of a 1 M NaOH solution (16.78 ml) and cesium carbonate (3.01 g; 9.23 mmol.). After stirring for 5 minutes, the solution was cooled in an ice/water bath. Dioxane (60 ml) and t-butyl pyrocarbonate were then added. The reaction mixture was kept under stirring in an ice-cold water bath for 1 hour and thereafter at room temperature for 5 hours. The solvent was subsequently evaporated under vacuum and the dry residue was directly used in the next step.
To the residue of the previous step, dimethylformamide (20 ml) was added and the solvent was evaporated to dryness. Then, to the reaction mixture, dimethylformamide (60 ml) and benzyl bromide (4.5 ml; 20.13 mmol) were added. At this point, a white precipitate formed. The mixture was kept under stirring for 16 hours. The solvent was then driven away under vacuum and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×20 ml). The organic layer was successively washed with H2O (20 ml) and with brine (20 ml). After drying over MgSO4, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was used as such in the next step.
To the dried residue of the previous step dissolved in CH2Cl2 (60 ml), 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (4.11 g; 33.56 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, and pyridine (12 ml) and diphenylchlorophosphate (6.95 ml; 33.56 mmol) were then added. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and then washed successively with 1N HCl (5×20 ml), H2O (30 ml) and brine (30 ml). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was driven away under vacuum. By performing flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (elution with 4/1 hexane/ethyl acetate mixture), the phosphorylated product (7.49 g 82.4%) was recovered as a crystalline solid. Melting point: 63.5-64.0° C.
The phosphorylated product of the previous step (7.88 g; 15.4 mmol) dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (15 ml) was kept under stirring at room temperature for 2.5 hours. The solvent was then driven away under high vacuum and a purification step by flash chromatrography on a silica gel (10/1 MeOH/CH2Cl2 eluent) was conducted to recover the deprotected amine trifluoroacetic salt (7.17 g; 88.9%) as a crystalline solid. m.p.=73.0-73.5° C.
(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (4.284 g; 10.07 mmol, 1 eq.) prepared according to the method disclosed in [Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 60 (1987), 2205-2214], was dissolved in tetrahydrofurane THF (30 ml) and the solution was cooled down to −15° C. N-methylmorpholin (1.108 ml; 10.07 mmol, 1 eq.) and isobutyl chloroformate (1.31 ml; 10.07 mmol; 1 eq.) were then added. The reaction mixture was kept under stirring for 30 minutes at 15° C. To the reaction mixture, there was next added benzyl O-(diphenyloxyphosphoryl)-DL-homoserinate (5.724 g; 10.07 mmol 1 eq.) in a THF/Et3N mixture (30 ml/5 ml). After stirring for 18 hours at room temperature, the solvent was driven away under vacuum. The residue was diluted with H2O (20 ml) and then extracted with ethyl acetate (2×30 ml). The organic layers were pooled, washed in succession with water (20 ml) and brine (20 ml) and dried over MgSO4 before evaporating the solvent. By running flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (2/1 hexane/ethyl acetate eluent), the required benzyl ester was recovered (7.455 g 87%) as a crystalline solid. m.p.=31.0°-32.1° C., 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz), δ in ppm: 7.4-7.1 (m, 15H), 6.90 (2d, 1H, 3J=7.6 Hz, NH), 5.3-5.1 (m, 3H), 4.7 (m, 1H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.4-2.1 (m, 4H), 1.6 (m, 4H), 1.4-1.1 (m, 34H), 0.9 (t, 6H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 63 MHz), δ in ppm: 173.01, 171.08, 169.66, 150.18, (d, 2JP,C=7.1 Hz), 135.01, 129.60, 128.33, 128.14, 127.96, 125.21, 119.80 (d, 3JP,C=5.0 Hz), 70.69, 67.05, 65.19 (d, 2JP,C=5.6 Hz), 49.13, 40.97, 40.77 (2 diast.), 34.20, 33.98, 33.82, 31.70, 29.42, 29.34, 29.14, 28.94, 25.01, 24.77, 22.47, 13.91.
A solution of the benzyl ester obtained in the previous step (2. 23 g 2.6 mmol) in HPLC-grade methanol MeOH (300 ml) in a three neck-round flask was hydrogenated in presence of carbon—10% palladium (1 g) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 1 hour. The catalyst was then filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain a colorless liquor. This product was homogeneous as assessed by thin layer chromatography and NMR, and was used directly with no further purification treatment in the coupling step; Rf=0.75 (CH2Cl2-MeOH-Et3N, 10/1/0.5). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz), δ in ppm: 7.4-7.1 (m, 10H), 6.85 (2d, 1H, NH), 5.15 (m, 1H), 4.6 (m, 1H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.4-2.15 (m, 4H), 1.6 (m, 4H), 1.4-1.1 (m, 34H), 0.9 (t, 6H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 63 MHz), δ in ppm: 173.35, 173.30 (2 diast.), 172.75, 170.37, 150.0 (d, 2JP,C=7.5 Hz), 129.55, 125.28, 119.71 (d, 3JP,C=4.4 Hz), 70.78, 65.65, (d, 2JP,C=5.9 Hz), 49.00, 40.77, 40.63 (2 diast.), 34.13, 33.86, 33.76, 31.59, 29.31, 29.25, 29.03, 28.82, 24.88, 24.68, 22.36, 13.76.
To a solution of D-ornithine (5.25 g; 30 mmol) in 1M NaOH (30 ml), a solution of cupric sulfate pentahydrate (3.814 g; 15.3 mmol) in water (50 ml) was added. After stirring for 2 hours at room temperature, the solvent was evaporated to dryness. Methanol (60 ml) was added to the residue to form a purple-colored solid which was separated, washed in succession with dioxane and methanol to be directly used in the next step.
The purple-colored solid was dissolved in 1N NaOH (40 ml) and dioxane (70 ml), The reaction mixture was cooled in an ice-cold water bath and benzyl chloroformate (5.14 ml; 36 mmol) was then added. After stirring in an ice-cold water bath for 3 hours and thereafter at room temperature for 15 hours, the purple-colored precipitate was recovered by filtration and sequentially washed with 95% EtOH (40 ml), H2O (50 ml) and EtOH (60 ml). The precipitate was dried in an oven (T<45° C., under vacuum); the yield of the two-step process was 8.27 g, i.e. 93% of the predicted yield. (Reference: Organic Preparations and Procedures international, 23: (1992) 191-194).
The copper salt obtained in the previous step was dissolved in 2 N HCl (400 ml) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was added (8.15 g, 27.8 mmol.) thereto. The mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours, and neutralized to pH 7 by adding NaOH 5N (about 160 ml). A white precipitate was formed at this point. The mixture was then stirred for 2.5 hours in an ice-cold water bath. The precipitate was filtered, washed with cold water until washing effluents were colorless, then dried in an oven below 60° C. This solid was dissolved in 1N NaOH (156 ml) and the solution was cooled down into an ice-cold water bath. To this solution, t-butyl pyrocarbonate (7.7 g; 35.2 mmol.) in dioxane (160 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 45 minutes and thereafter for 16 hours at room temperature. The organic solvent was evaporated and ethyl acetate (70 ml) was added to dissolve the residue. The aqueous layer was then acidified by adding 2N HCl down to pH≈3, washed with AcOEt (100 ml). The organic layers were combined and washed with H2O (30 ml) and with brine (30 ml), then evaporated under vacuum. By conducting flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (20/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH eluent), the required product was recovered as a colorless oil (Yield: 8.42 g in two steps i.e. 76.6% of the predicted yield) (Rf=0.19, 20/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH)
To a cold solution (−15° C.) of the diamino pentanoic acid derivative obtained previously (5.45 g; 14.8 mmol) in THF (60 ml), N-methylmorpholin (1.654 ml; 14.8 mmol) and isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF) (9.6 ml; 14.8 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at −15° C. for 1 minute followed by addition of sodium borohydride (5.1 g; 44.6 mmol) in 10 ml of water. After further stirring for 10 minutes at −15° C., H2O (400 ml) was added to the mixture to stop the reaction. The solution was subsequently washed with ethyl acetate AcOEt (100 ml×2). The organic layers were combined and washed with H2O (50 ml) and with brine (60 ml) then dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed and the residue recrystallized from an ethyl acetate/hexane mixture to provide the expected crystalline product (4.94 g; 94.9% yield) m.p.=47.5-48° C.
A solution of (2R)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-(terbutyloxy-carbonylamino)-pentan-1-ol (6.32 g; 18 mmol) as obtained above in trifluoroacetic acid (25 ml) was prepared then subjected to stirring for 2.5 hours at room temperature. The solvent was thereafter evaporated and the residue purified by flash chromatrography on a silica gel (10/1 MeOH/CH2Cl2 eluent) to recover the trifluoroacetic salt as an oil (5.45 g 82.7%). The hydrochloride compound melts at 133.0°-134.3° C. (recrystallization from methanol).
To a solution of (R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoic acid (5.27 g; 15. 8 mmol) [Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 60: (1987), 2197-2204] in THF (30 ml) which had been cooled down to −15° C., addition was made of N-methylmorpholin (1.89 ml 15.8 mmol) and of isobutyl chloroformate (2.21 ml, 15.8 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture at −15° C. for 30 minutes, there was added a trifluoroacetate salt solution as obtained above (15.25 g, 14.4 mmol.) in a THF/Et3N mixture (30 ml, 1.44 ml). Stirring was continued at room temperature for 16 hours and then the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (30 ml) and AcOEt (60 ml). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate AcOEt (60 ml). The organic layers were pooled and washed with H2O (30 ml) and with brine (30 ml) then dried over MgSO4 before carrying out solvent evaporation under vacuum. The residue was recrystallized from an ethyl acetate/hexane mixture to finally yield the expected product in a crystalline state (5.8 g; 71.2% yield), m.p.=117.5-118° C. Rf=0.32, 3/1 ethyl acetate-petroleum ether. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz), δ in ppm: 7.4-7.2 (m, 10H), 6.5 (d, 1H, NH), 5.1 (s, 2H), 4.9 (m, 1H, NH), 4.5 (2d, AB, 2H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 2.4 (m, 2H) 1.6-1.4 (m, 6H), 1.4-1.2 (m, 18H), 0.9 (t, 3H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 63 MHz), δ in ppm: 172.24, 156.49, 138.06, 136.53, 128.46, 128.04, 127.87, 76.76, 71.39, 66.60, 65.44, 51.54, 41.43, 40.65, 33.76, 31.87, 29.61, 29.30, 28.01, 26.47, 25.05, 22.65, 14.09.
In a three-neck flask, the catalyst (150 mg of 20% palladium/carbon) was added to the solution of (2R)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol (3.0 g; 5.27 mmol) in a mixture of triethylamine Et3N (6 ml)/HPLC-grade ethanol EtOH (300 ml). Air was discharged under vacuum then the flask was loaded with hydrogen. The reaction mixture was hydrogenated at room temperature for 2 hours then the catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to provide the desired product as a homogenous white solid. Rf=0.2, 5/1 0/0.5 CH2Cl2-MeOH-Et3N, m.p.=47-48° C.
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz), δ in ppm: 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H), 6.75 (d, 1H, NH) 4.5 (2d, AB, 2H), 3.9 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 2.3-2.6 (m, 7H), 1.7-1.2 (m, 24H), 0.9 (t, 3H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 63 MHz), δ in ppm: 171.86, 138.13, 128.37, 127.87, 127.75, 76.81, 71.50, 64.57, 51.38, 41.51, 41.17, 33.89, 31.82, 29.26, 28.57, 28.03, 25.07, 22.60, 14.04.
IIDQ (2-isobutoxy-1-isobutoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) 364 g; 1.2 mmol., 1.2 eq.) was added to a solution of (2RS)-4-(diphenyloxyphosphoryloxy)-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxy-tetra-decanoylamino]-butanoic acid (850 g; 1.0 mmol; 1 eq.) in anhydrous methylene chloride CH2Cl2 (20 ml) at room temperature and under argon flow. After stirring for 15 minutes, addition was made of a solution of (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol (757; 1.0 mmol.; 1 eq.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (10 ml). After stirring for 4 hours, the solution was evaporated to dryness. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (5/2 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there was recovered the phosphorylated dipeptide-like compound (620 mg; 53%) as an amorphous solid. (Rf=0.49, in dichloromethane-methanol-triethylamine, 10/1/0.5). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz), δ in ppm: 7.40-7.15 (m, 15H), 7.00 (m, 1H), 6.90 and 6.80 (2d, 2 diast., 1H), 6.65 (d, 1H) (3×NH), 5.15 (m, 1H), 4.50 (m, 3H), 4.30 (m, 2H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.14 (m, 8H), 1.6-1.4 (m, 8H), 1.4-1.1 (m, 54H), 0.9 (t, 9H, 3CH3). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 63 MHz), δ in ppm: 173.11, 171. 68, 170.52 (2 diast.), 169.94 (2 diast), 150.0 (d, 2JP,C=7.2 Hz), 138.0 (2 diast.), 129.58, 127.99, 127.49, 127.26, 125.24, 119.73 (t, 3JP,C=5.0 Hz), 76.48, 71.12, 70.71, 65.86 (broad spin), 64.22, 50.96, 49.71 (broad spin), 41.46, 41.05, 39.07, 34.13, 34.00, 32.70, 31.61, 29.34, 29.06, 28.87, 27.98, 25.25, 24.92, 24.72, 22.38, 13.80.
To a solution of (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid (3.35 g; 7.85 mmol.) in anhydrous THF (25 ml) at −15° C. and under argon flow, there were added in succession N-methylmorpholin (0.86 ml; 7.85 mmol; 1 eq.) and isobutyl chloroformate (1.02 ml; 7.85 mmol.; 1 eq.). Rapid formation of a N-methylmorpholin hydrochloride precipitate was observed. After stirring for 30 minutes at −15° C., a commercially available solution of H-D-Asp(OBn)-OH (Senn Chemicals AG, Switzerland-Dielsdorf) (1.75 g; 7.85 mmol.; 1 eq.) in a 3.5/1 CH3CN/H2O mixture (85 ml) containing Et3N (3.7 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was then stirred overnight at room temperature. The organic solvent was then evaporated and the aqueous layer was cooled down to 0° C., acidified with a 10% aqueous solution of citric acid down to pH=3 and extracted with AcOEt (2×). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (2/1 petroleum ether/AcOEt eluent containing 2% of acetic acid) followed by coevaporation of toluene, there was recovered [(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-D-aspartic acid β-benzyl ester (4.00 g; 81%) as a white crystalline solid (Rf=0.42 in 1/1 petroleum ether/EtOAc containing 2% of acetic acid; phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent). m.p.=67-69° C.
To a solution of β-benzyl ester as obtained above (363 mg; 0.57 mmol.) and (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-3-benzyloxy-tetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol (Section 1.1.2) (250 mg; 0.57 mmol.; 1.0 eq) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (6 ml) at 0° C. (ice/water bath), addition was made in succession under argon flow of commercially available HOAt (1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazol) (94 mg, 0.69 mmol., 1.2 eq.) and commercially available N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (109 μl, 0.69 mmol., 1.2 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 0° C. and thereafter overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was subsequently washed with water, a 1N HCl solution, and a saturated solution of NaHCO3 followed by layer separation. The organic layer was dried on MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (3/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there was recovered the coupling reaction product (436 mg; 72%) as a white crystalline solid (Rf=0.27 in 5/1 CH2Cl2-acetone; phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent). m.p.=106-108° C.; 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.66; 172.09 171.73; 170.33; 170.12; 138.23; 135.28; 128.53; 128.37; 128.13; 127.81; 127.71; 125.81; 76.71; 71.40; 71.16; 66.77; 65.01; 51.36; 49.39; 41.66; 39.25; 34.40; 33.98; 31.85; 29.58; 29.47; 29.29; 29.11; 28.00; 25.57; 25.17; 25.08; 24.94; 22.62; 14.05.
A solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid β-benzyl ester, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino pentyl}amide (417 mg; 0.40 mmol.) in a 1/1 MeOH/EtOAc mixture (36 ml) was hydrogenated in presence of 10% Pd/carbon (20 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 3 hours. The catalyst was filtered off, washed with a 4/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH mixture (50 ml) and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness by suction from a vacuum pump to yield the free acid (345 mg; 100%) as a white crystalline solid (Rf=0.30 in 9/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH containing 0.5% of acetic acid; phosphomolybdinium compound color developer). m.p. 135-137° C. ES/MS: m/z ratio 868.7 [M+H]+, 890.7 [M+Na]+, 868.7 [M+K]+ 912.7 [M−H+2Na]+ (
The same reaction scheme was followed using commercially available H-L-Asp(Obn)-OH (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) to finally obtain an epimer product of L-aspartic series.
To a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide β-benzyl ester as obtained above (300 mg; 0.29 mmol.) and 1H-tetrazol (60 mg; 0.86 mmol.) in anhydrous THF (12 ml) at room temperature and under argon flow, there was added 85% dibenzyl-diethyl phosphoramidite (231 μl; 0.66 mmol.). Rapid formation of white crystals in the reaction medium was observed. After stirring for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was cooled down to −20° C. then a solution of mCPBA (57-86%; 183 mg; 1.06 mmol.) in CH2Cl2 (8 ml) was added. Disappearance of crystals was noted. After stirring for 45 minutes at room temperature, a saturated solution of Na2S2O3 was added then the reaction mixture was stirred again for 10 minutes. The solution was diluted with ether, then the organic layer was separated and washed with a saturated solution of Na2S2O3 (5×), a saturated solution of NaHCO3 (2×) and a solution of 1M HCl (1×). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (5/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there was recovered the phosphotriester (294 mg; 79%) as a white solid (Rf=0.27 in 5/1 CH2Cl2-acetone; phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent) 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.66; 171.73; 171.01; 170.60; 170.03; 138.22; 135.50; 135.40; 135.28; 128.40; 128.33; 128.16; 128.08; 127.94; 127.82; 127.76; 127.53; 127.41; 76.43; 71.03; 70.90; 69.28; 66.47; 49.09; 48.37; 41.62; 41.36; 41.24; 39.02; 38.88; 25.05; 24.94; 24.82; 22.48; 13.90.
A solution of dibenzylphosphate as prepared above (249 mg; 190 μl) in HPLC-grade EtOH (12 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of 10% Pd/carbon (30 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 4 hours. The catalyst is filtered off on a millipore filter and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness then the residue is dried by a vacuum pump to obtain the crude free phosphate (180 mg; 100%). ES/MS: m/z 850.7 [M+H−P(O)(OH)3+], 948.5 [M+H]+ 970.5 [M+Na]+ (
Stereochemistry of chiral centers bearing acylamino groups is determined by initially used amino acid configuration. However, peptide coupling performed between the aspartic or glutamic acid derivative and the aminoalcohol obtained from ornithine or lysine can lead, under certain conditions, to epimerization at Cα of the acid partner involved in the coupling reaction. In order to assess epimerization rate of such a reaction, the following method was followed for compounds derived from aspartic acid.
The sample (30 μg) was evaporated into a microvial, then redissolved in 40 μl of 6M HCl Hydrolysis was allowed to proceed for 24 hours at 110° C. under argon atmosphere. The sample was then evaporated to dryness, and thereafter redissolved in 100 ml of 0.1 M tetraborate buffer, pH 9.2. A pre-column derivatization was subsequently run with OPA-IBLC reagent (o-phtaldialdehyde-N-isobutyryl-L-cysteine) in the following proportions:
5 μl of a 0.1 M sodium tetraborate buffer solution, pH 9.2
2 μl of a methanol 170 mM OPA, 260 mM IBLC solution
2 μl of the solution to be assayed
By running an HPLC separation on Hypersil ODS column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm, Supelco), both derivatives arising from L- and D-forms of aspartic acid present in the initial sample were quantified (Bruckner et al., 1995, J. Chromatography. A 711, 201-215). HPLC operating conditions used were as follows:
Column: Hypersil ODS (250×4.6, 5 μm, Supelco)
Mobile phase: A: 23 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.9
B: Methanol-acetonitrile (121)
Injection: 5 μl
Flow rate: 1 ml/min
Elution step: 96:4 to 80:20 A:B gradient within 25 minutes
Detection: UV: 338
Under these chromatographic conditions, retention times of 16.1 and 17.2 minutes were observed for the L- and D-aspartic acid derivatives, respectively.
To a solution of 1-(diphenyloxyphosphoryloxy)-3-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-4-oxo-5-aza-9-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetra-decanoylamino]-10-ol (
To a solution containing K3Fe(CN)6 (373 mg; 1.13 mmol; 3 eq.) K2CO3 (157 mg; 1.13 mmol.; 3 eq.) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2.]octane (DABCO) (10.7 mg; 0.095 mmol.; 0.25 eq.) in a t-butanol/water mixture (5 ml/5 ml), there was added the compound obtained above (486 mg, 0.38 mmol.), then osmium tetraoxide dissolved in 2.5% t-butanol (48 μl; 4.75 μmol.; 0.0125 eq.). The reaction mixture was strongly stirred for 16 hours at room temperature (27° C.). Na2S2O5 (60 mg) was added and stirring was continued for nearly 1 hour until the medium shifted in color from brown to green or blue. The reaction mixture was diluted with ether and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was thoroughly washed with ether and the organic layers were pooled, dried over MgSO4, then evaporated at 40° C. under vacuum. The expected raw diol was thus obtained as a green oil. By running flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (5/2 CH2Cl2/acetone), there was pure 1-(diphenyloxyphosphoryloxy)-3-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-4-oxo-5-aza-9-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-10-ol 6,7-dihydroxyheptanoate (198 mg; 40%) as an amorphous solid (Rf=0.24 in 5/2 CH2Cl2/acetone; phosphomolybdinium acid color developer). 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.46; 173.33; 171.34; 170.58; 170.02; 150.13; 138.23; 129.80; 128.26; 127.87; 127.54; 125.50; 120.01; 119.80; 71.79; 71.23; 70.97; 66.63; 66.03; 65.54; 49.93; 47.90; 41.46; 39.17; 33.98; 33.79; 32.86; 32.45; 31.77; 29.49; 29.21; 29.03; 28.51; 25.50; 25.07; 24.87; 24.77; 24.66; 22.54; 13.99. HPLC (210 nm): TR=32.535 min. (retention time) ES/MS: m/z ratio 1343.0 (M+Na+); 1321.0 (M+H+) 1071.0 (M+H+ monophenyl phosphate).
A solution of the above diol (198 mg, 0.15 mmol.) in HPLC grade EtOH (20 ml)/AcOEt (1.4 ml) mixture is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (70 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 2.5 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to provide the crude debenzylated product (168 mg 91%) as an amorphous solid. 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm 173.15; 173.51; 172.82; 171.04; 170.49; 170.35; 150.05; 129.79; 129.42; 125.53; 119.91; 119.83; 119.72; 71.80; 70.93; 68.58; 66.47; 65.94; 65.52; 50.02; 48.12; 42.59; 41.26; 39.13; 36.92; 34.29; 33.85; 32.32; 31.74; 29.50; 29.18; 29.00; 28.15; 25.47; 25.07; 24.85; 24.73; 24.56; 22.51; 13.99. HPLC (210 nm): TR=30.7 min. ES/MS: m/z ratio 1253.0 [M+Na]+; 1231.0 [M+H]+.
A suspension of platinium oxide PtO2 (91 mg) (preactivated to yield platinium black under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 10 min) in HPLC-grade ethanol (1 ml) is added to a solution of the previously obtained trivalent alcohol (168 mg; 0.14 mmol.) in HPLC-grade EtOH (8 ml)/AcOEt mixture (8 ml). The solution is hydrogenated at room temperature (27° C.) under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness then the residue is dried by suction from a vacuum pump to thereby obtain the crude phosphate product (130 mg; 88%). HPLC (210 nm): TR=23.6 min. ES/MS: m/z ratio 1078.9 [M+H]+, 1100.8 [M+Na]+, 116.8 [M+K]+ (
A periodic oxidation reaction was carried out through addition of 1.86 ml of 0.1 M NaIO4 (39.62 mg, 20 eq.) to 10 mg (9.28 i mol., 1 eq.) of deprotected triol as prepared above in a (1:1) water/isopropanol mixture. The reaction is monitored by LC/UV detection and shows quantitative conversion of the diol functional group into aldehyde two hours later. The expected reaction is shown to occur by observing a 1046.8 m/z ratio molecular ion on the ES/MS spectrum following the periodic oxidation step (
To a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxy-tetradecanoylamino]pentyl}amide-β-benzyl ester (Section 1.2.2.) (122 mg; 0.116 mmol.) in anhydrous dichloromethane (5 ml), there is added 6-heptenoic acid (22 μl; 0.160 mmol; 1.4 eq.). The solution is cooled down to 0° C. Addition is then made of EDCI (49.3 mg; 0.25 mmol.; 2.1 eq.) and DMAP (5.6 mg; 0.046 mmol.; 0.4 eq.). The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes, and thereafter for 6 hours at room temperature. After CH2Cl2 dilution, the organic layer is washed in succession with H2O, 1N HCl (2×), NaHCO3 (2×) and H2O (2×). The expected heptenoic acid ester is thereby obtained in a pure state (119 mg; 89%) as a white solid (Rf=0.62 in 5/1 CH2Cl2/acetone mixture, color developer: phosphomolybdinium acid) 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.63; 173.38, 171.72; 171.11, 170.08; 138.14; 135.28; 128.46, 128.34; 128.24; 128.05; 127.64; 127.53; 114.62; 76.49; 71.14, 66.66; 65.49; 49.17; 47.79; 41.69; 41.35; 39.09; 35.46; 34.33; 33.80; 33.65; 33.21; 31.79, 29.52; 29.23; 29.06; 28.46; 28.16; 22.56; 14.00. HPLC (210 nm): TR=36.9 min. ES/MS: m/z ratio 1159.0 [M+H]+; 1176.0 [M+NH4]+. Mp=81.5-84° C. [α]D20=+7.3 (CHCl3).
To a solution of heptenoic acid ester as obtained above (60 mg; 0.052 mmol.) in a (5/3 ml) H2O/acetone mixture, addition is made of N-methylmorpholin oxide (9 mg; 0.076 mmol.; 1.5 eq.), and thereafter of a solution of OsO4 in 2.5% t-butanol (123 μl; 0.012 mmol.; 0.23 eq.) in a dropwise fashion. The reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Na2S2O5 (20 mg) is added to the reaction mixture which is stirred thereafter for 1 hr to 2 hr at room temperature. The solution is then extracted several times with ether, and the organic layers are subsequently pooled, dried, over MgSO4 and concentrated. By running a flash chromatography treatment on a silica gel (5/2 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the expected diol in a pure state (35 mg; 57%) as a white solid (Rf=0.15 in a 5/1 CH2Cl2/acetone mixture; color developer: phosphomolybdinium acid). 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm 173.67; 173.39; 171.81; 171.34; 170.27; 170.01; 138.18; 135.27; 128.56; 128.42; 128.18; 127.50; 127.68; 76.68; 71.82; 71.37; 71.17; 66.85; 66.74; 65.66; 49.27; 47.99; 41.88; 41.51; 39.31; 35.60; 34.42; 33.95; 33.51; 31.80; 29.60; 29.49; 29.30; 28.55; 25.65; 25.60; 25.19; 25.12; 24.97; 24.77; 24.14; 22.65; 14.08. HPLC (210 nm): TR=34.16 min. ES/MS: m/z ratio 1193.0 [M+H+]; 1212.0 [M+NH4]+.
A solution of the above obtained diol (35 mg; 0.029 mmol.) in a HPLC-grade MeOH (2 ml)/AcOEt (2 ml) mixture is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% palladium (10 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 2.5 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness then the residue is dried by suction from a vacuum pump to obtain crude N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxy-tetra-decanoylamino]-pentyl}amide 5-O-(6,7-dihydroxyheptanoate) (26 mg; 88%) as a white solid. HPLC (210 nm): TR=26.90 min. m.p.=94-97° C. [α]D20=+11.1° (CHCl3/MeOH=1:0.1). ES/MS: m/z ratio 1012.7 [M+H]+; 1034, 7 [M+Na]+, 1050.7 [M+K]+ (
1.98 ml of 0.1 M NaIO4 (42.25 mg, 20 eq.) are added to 10 mg (9.88 μM, 1 eq.) of deprotected triol prepared above (Section 2.3.3.) in a (1:1) isopropanol-water mixture. The solution is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction is stopped by adding 1 to 2 drops of ethylene glycol. Upon this periodic oxidation step, an m/z ratio 980.6 [M+H]+ molecular ion is observed on the ES/MS spectrum (
To a solution of 6-oxohexanoic acid derivative as obtained above (4.5 mg, 0.0043 mmol.) in 90% isopropanol (20 ml), there is added a NaBH4 solution in methanol (1 mg/ml) (0.2 ml). The mixture is stirred for 3 min. at 25° C., then excess acetic acid (0.2 ml) is added. Purification by preparative HPLC on a C18 column affords recovery of the product OM-197-MC-FV7 (2.3 mg, 51%) dissolved in 90% isopropanol.
To a solution of 1-(diphenyloxyphosphoryloxy)-3-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-4-oxo-5-aza-9-[(R)-3-benzyloxy-tetra-decanoylamino]-decan-10-ol (
A solution of the above obtained product (115 mg; 0.81 μmol.) in an HPLC-grade EtOH (15 ml)/glacial acetic acid (0.4 ml) mixture is hydrogenated in presence of palladium (10% Pd-carbon) (80 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 4 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to obtain the debenzylated product (90 mg, 97%) as an amorphous solid. HPLC (210 nm): TR=29.185 min. ES/MS: m/z ratio 1200.0 [M+H]+; 952.0 [M+H−(PhO)2OPOH]+.
To a solution of platinium oxide PtO2 (30 mg) in (HPLC-grade) ethanol (1 ml) (preactivated to yield platinium black under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 10 minutes), addition is made of a solution of amino alcohol as obtained above (90 mg, 75 μmol.) in an HPLC-grade EtOH (5 ml)/1N HCl (0.1 ml) mixture. The solution is hydrogenated at room temperature, under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to obtain the desired aminophosphate (60 mg, 79%). HPLC (210 nm): TR=28.51 min. ES/MS: m/z ratio 1047.5 [M+H]+; 1069.6 (M+Na)+, 949.6 [M+H−(HO)2OPOH]+ (
To a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide β-benzyl ester (1.5 g; 1.43 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 ml), there are added in succession at room temperature and under argon flow 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP) (327 μl, 3.58 mmol.) and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) (108 mg, 429 μmol.). After stirring for 18 hours at room temperature, addition is made again of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP) (130 μl, 1.43 mmol.). The solution is then stirred for further 9 hours at room temperature then diluted with CH2Cl2 and successively washed with a 5% NaHCO3 solution and H2O. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (successively 6/1 and 7/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-(2-tetrahydroxypyranyl)oxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentyl}-amide β-benzyl ester (1.45 g; 90%) as a white crystalline solid (Rf=0.57 in 5/1 CH2Cl2/acetone; phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent
A solution of the compound obtained above (250 mg; 0.22 mmol.) in a 1/1 EtOH/EtOAc mixture (16 ml) containing Et3N (0.4 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (10 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 2 hours. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness and then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to recover the acid as a triethylammonium salt (250 mg).
To a solution of the acid obtained above (≈250 mg) in a 2/1 CH2Cl2/anhydrous THF mixture (3 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added N-methylmorpholin (72 μl; 0.66 mmol.; 3 eq.) then isobutyl chloroformate (86 μl; 0.66 mmol.; 3 eq.). Rapid formation of an N-methylmorpholin hydrochloride precipitate is observed. The reaction progress is monitored by TLC. (Rf=0.90 in 2/1 CH2Cl2/acetone). After stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, the reaction mixture is cooled down to 0° C. and a solution of NaBH4 (33 mg; 0.88 mmol.; 4 eq.) in H2O (1 ml) is then quickly added. As soon as gas emission has ceased (5 min.), the solution is diluted with H2O (1 ml) and THF (1 ml) and then stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. The solution is concentrated, diluted with CH2Cl2 and H2O, followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (2/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), the alcohol is recovered (138 mg; 61% in two steps) as a white crystalline solid. (Rf=0.33 in 3/1 CH2Cl2/acetone; phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent).
To a solution of this alcohol as prepared above (210 mg; 0.12 mmol.) and 1H-tetrazole (25 mg; 0.35 mmol.; 3 eq.) in anhydrous THF (5 ml) at room temperature and under argon flow, there is added 85% dibenzyl-diethyl phosphoramidite (95 μl; 0.27 mmol.; 2.3 eq.). Rapid formation of white crystals in the reaction medium can be seen. After stirring for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture is cooled down to −20° C. and an mCPBA solution (57-86%; 75 mg; 0.43 mmol.; 3.7 eq.) in CH2Cl2 (3 ml) is then added. Disappearance of crystals is noted. After stirring for 45 minutes at room temperature; a saturated Na2S2O3 solution (3 ml) is added and the reaction mixture is then stirred for 10 minutes. The solution is next diluted with ether, and the organic layer is then separated and washed with a saturated solution of Na2S2O3 (5×), and a saturated solution of NaHCO3 (2×). The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (4/1 then 2/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the dibenzylphosphate (126 mg; 84%) in the form of an amorphous solid (Rf=0.53 in 3/1 CH2Cl2/acetone; phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent).
A solution of 1% HCl in methanol (25 ml) at 0° C. is added to a solution of the compound prepared above (700 mg, 0.54 mmol.) in CH2Cl2 (2.5 ml). After stirring for 45 minutes at 0° C., the reaction medium is neutralized with a 5% NaHCO3 solution, diluted with CH2Cl2 and the organic layer is separated. The resulting aqueous phase is then extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×) and the organic layers are pooled. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated to yield the crude alcohol (640 mg; 98%) (Rf=0.50 in 3/1 CH2Cl2/acetone; phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent).
To a solution of the compound prepared above (640 mg, 0.53 mmol.) and 6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)hexanoic acid (423 mg, 1.60 mmol.) in dry CH2Cl2 (25 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession commercially available 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (306 mg, 1.60 mmol.) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (20 mg, 160 μmol.). The reaction mixture is then stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. and thereafter overnight at room temperature. The reaction medium is then washed with water and a solution of 1N HCl followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (4/1 then 2/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (537 mg; 71%). 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.18, 171.16, 170.38, 169.60, 156.30, 138.23, 136.50, 135.38, 135.28, 128.42, 128.26, 128.17, 127.79, 127.74, 127.44, 76.48, 71.15, 70.84, 69.47, 69.39, 69.31, 66.25, 65.62, 64.37, 49.78, 47.76, 41.41, 41.34, 40.57, 38.97, 34.22, 34.16, 33.96, 33.57, 32.95, 31.70, 29.15, 28.95, 20 28.32, 25.87, 25.46, 25.02, 28.80, 24.18, 22.49, 13.94.
A solution of the compound as prepared above (500 mg, 0.35 mmol.) in a 5/2 CH2Cl2/ethanol mixture (70 ml) containing acetic acid (10 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 12 to 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to obtain 3-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-4-oxo-5-aza-9-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-decan-1,10-diol 1-dihydrogenphosphate 10-(6-aminohexanoate) (368 mg, quantitative yield). ES/MS: m/z ratio 1047.9 [M+H]+; 1069.8 (
Following the same reaction scheme for N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-L-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxyoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]pentyl}amide β-benzyl ester (Section 1.2.4.), synthesis of the product of example 2.8. is finally achieved.
To a solution of (2R)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol (Section 1.1.2.) (2.05 g; 3.60 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (40 ml) at room temperature and under argon flow, there are added in succession BOMC1 (benzyl chloromethyl ether) (reagent grade 60%, 1.25 ml; 5.41 mmol; 1.5 eq.) and diisopropylethylamine (942 μl; 5.41 mmol.; 1.5 eq.). The reaction mixture is then stirred overnight at room temperature and evaporated thereafter to dryness. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (2/1 petroleum ether/EtOAc eluent), there is recovered the O-benzyloxymethyl derivative (2.28 g; 92%) as a white crystalline solid. (Rf=0.70 in 1/3 petroleum ether/EtOAc mixture, phosphomolybdinium acid and UV color developer) m.p.=97-100° C. A solution of this product (2.00 g; 2.90 mmol.) in HPLC-grade EtOH (220 ml) containing Et3N (4 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of 20% Pd(OH)2 on carbon (200 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for a period of 3 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to obtain the free amine (1.58 g; 98%) as an amorphous solid. [α]D=1° (c=1.20; CHCl3) 1H-NMR (250 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 7.45-7.21 (m, 10H, Ar), 6.52 (d, 1H, NH), 4.80-4.45 (m, 6H, 2×CH2-ph, O—CH2—O), 4.10 (m, 1H, H−3′), 3.83 (m, 1H, H−2), 3.62 (dd, 1H, H−1), 3.47 (dd, 1H, H−1), 2.65 (t, 2×H−5), 2.40 (m, 2H, 2×H−2′), 1.80-1.40 (m, 8H, 2×H−4, 2×H−3, 2×H−4′, NH2), 1.40-1.20 (m, 18H, 9×CH2), 0.88 (t, 3H, CH3); 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 170.78; 138.24; 137.63; 128.38; 128.32; 127.66; 127.62; 94.82; 76.70; 71.26; 69.63; 69.44; 48.48; 41.82; 41.47; 33.83; 31.84; 29.88; 29.58; 29.56; 29.51; 29.27; 29.04; 25.11; 22.62; 14.06.
The amine prepared as set forth above is coupled with the N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-L-aspartic acid β-benzyl ester (prepared from the L-aspartic acid β-benzyl ester, see section 1.2.1) in presence of IIDQ following the same conditions as specified in section 1.2.2. Purification of the product on a silica gel (2:1 then 1:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) afforded the corresponding amide with a 65% yield. ES/MS: m/z ratio 1169.7 ([M+H]+).
A solution of the coupling reaction product obtained above (1.05 g; 0.90 mmol.) in a 1/1 EtOH/EtOAc mixture (65 ml) containing Et3N (1.5 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (50 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 1 hour. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness and then dried by suction from a vacuum pump. The residue is then dissolved in a 1/1 i-PrOH/CH2Cl2 mixture (50 ml) and stirred for minutes at room temperature with an Amberlite IR-120 (H+) resin (3 ml). The resin is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness to provide the free acid (956 mg; 99%) as a white crystalline solid.
To a solution of the acid obtained above (855 mg; 0.79 mmol.) in anhydrous THF (5 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added N-methylmorpholin (87 μl; 0.79 mmol.; 1 eq.) then isobutyl chloroformate (103 μl; 0.79 mmol.; 1 eq.). Rapid formation of an N-methylmorpholin hydrochloride precipitate is observed. After stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, the reaction mixture is cooled down to 0° C. and a solution of NaBH4 (60 mg; 1.58 mmol.; 2 eq.) in H2O (2 ml) is then quickly added. As soon as gas emission has ceased (5 min.), the solution is diluted with H2O (2 ml) and THF (2 ml) and then stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. The solution is concentrated, diluted with CH2Cl2 and H2O, neutralized with a solution of 1M HCl followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (4/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), the reduced-state product is recovered (387 mg; 46%) as a white crystalline solid. To a solution of this alcohol (313 mg; 0.29 mmol.) and 1H-tetrazole (62 mg; 0.88 mmol.; 3 eq.) in anhydrous THF (12 ml) at room temperature and under argon flow, there is added 85% dibenzyl-diethyl phosphoramidite (267 μl; 0.67 mmol.; 2.3 eq.). Rapid formation of white crystals in the reaction medium can be seen. After stirring for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture is cooled down to −20° C. and an mCPBA solution (57-85%; 187 mg; 1.08 mmol.; 3.7 eq.) in CH2Cl2 (8 ml) is then added. Disappearance of crystals is noted. After stirring for 45 minutes at room temperature; a saturated Na2S2O3 solution (5 ml) is added and the reaction mixture is then stirred for 10 minutes. The solution is next diluted with ether, and the organic layer is then separated and washed with a saturated solution of Na2S2O3 (5×), a saturated solution of NaHCO3 (2×) and a 1M HCl solution (1×). The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (8/1 then 5/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the phosphotriester (361 mg; 93%) as an amorphous solid.
This product is subjected to a hydrolysis reaction to split the benzyloxymethyl acetal in THF—HCl aqueous medium to thereby obtain (3S,9R)-3-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-4-oxo-5-aza-9-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-decan-1,10-diol 1-dibenzylphosphate.
The product obtained above is O-acylated on carbon number 10 with hept-6-enoic acid in presence of both EDCI in dichloromethane at 0° C. and DMAP (see section 2.3.1.). This heptenoic acid ester is then subjected to a hydroxylation reaction in presence of (catalytic) osmium tetraoxide and N-methylmorpholin oxide (see section 2.2.2.) to thereby yield the corresponding diol (6,7-dihydroxyheptanoic acid ester). This product is deprotected by hydrogenolysis in ethanol under atmospheric pressure hydrogen in presence of a palladium on carbon catalyst (see section 2.2.3.).
The above deprotected diol is subjected to a periodic oxidation reaction in an isopropanol-water mixture (experimental procedure, see section 2.2.1.)
To a solution of 6-oxohexanoic acid derivative as obtained above (4.5 mg, 0.0043 mmol.) in 90% isopropanol (20 ml), there is added a solution of NaBH4 (0.2 ml) in methanol (1 mg/ml). The mixture is stirred for 3 min. at 25° C., then excess acetic acid (0.2 ml) is added. By running a preparative HPLC purification on a C18 column, there is recovered the product OM-197-FV8 (2 mg, 44%), in 90% isopropanol. ES/MS: m/z 1048.5 [M+H}+; 950.5 [M+H−(HO)2OPOH]+ (
Triflic anhydride Tf2O((CF3.SO2)2O, 11 ml; 6.67 mmol.) is added dropwise at −15° C. to a solution of hept-6-en-1-ol (515 mg; 4.51 mmol.) and Et3N (627 μl; 4.51 mmol.) in CH2Cl2 (10 ml) and the mixture is stirred for 30-45 minutes at −15° C. until no alcohol is left. After warming up to room temperature, the medium is diluted with CH2Cl2 and washed in succession with H2O, a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3, a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl. The organic layer thus obtained is dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under vacuum to finally yield a residue which is taken up in a (1/2) ethyl acetate/petroleum ether mixture and filtered on a silica gel (removal of triethylamine salts formed during the reaction). After evaporation of the filtrate, the desired triflate compound is obtained with a 87% yield. (956 mg) and is used in the next step with no further purification. Rf=0.8 in 1/2 ethyl acetate/petroleum ether. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz), δ in ppm: 5.7, 5.0, 4.45, 2.0, 1.8, 1.4, 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 62.89 MHz), δ in ppm: 138.21, 114.95, 77.68, 33.40, 29.13, 28.10, 24.53
A solution of freshly prepared triflate hereinabove (956 mg; 3.88 mmol.) in CH2Cl2 (10 ml) is added dropwise to a solution of (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol (Section 1.1.2.) (1.69 g; 3.88 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 ml) and the mixture is stirred for 4 hours at room temperature under argon flow. After dilution with CH2Cl2, the reaction medium is successively washed with an aqueous saturated solution of NaHCO3 and with H2O. The organic layer thus obtained is dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under vacuum. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (15/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH eluent), there is recovered the desired secondary amine (862 mg; 43%) Rf=0.3 (8/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH). ES/MS: m/z ratio 532.0 [M+H]+. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz), δ in ppm: 7.2-7.4; 7.1; 5.8; 5.0; 4.6; 3.95; 3.5; 2.9; 2.5; 2.1; 1.9-1.5; 1.5-1.2; 0.9. 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 62.89 MHz), δ in ppm: 172.17; 138.28; 138.21; 128.39; 127.96; 127.71; 114.82; 76.80; 71.40; 63.81; 50.87; 48.30; 47.75; 41.57; 34.10; 33.39; 31.89; 29.66; 29.62; 29.33; 28.19; 28.03; 25.21 26.11; 25.78; 22.82; 22.66; 14.10. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz), δ in ppm: 7.2-7.4; 6.75; 5.8; 5.0; 4.5; 3.9; 3.5; 2.5; 2.0; 2.1; 1.7-1.2; 0.9. 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 62.89 MHz), δ in ppm: 172.77; 138.68; 138.14; 128.23; 127.72; 127.56; 114.22; 76.64; 71.37; 64.58; 51.45; 49.79; 49.37; 41.53; 33.90; 33.53; 31.77; 29.65; 29.20; 28.64; 28.57; 25.00; 26.68; 25.93; 22.53; 13.98 (ammonium salt and free base spectra, respectively).
To a solution of the secondary amine obtained above (163 mg; 0.307 mmol.; 1 eq.) and 4-(diphenyloxyphosphoryloxy)-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]butanoic acid (Section 1.1.1.) (278 mg; 0.368 mmol.; 1.2 eq.) in CH2Cl2 (25 ml), there is added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) (54 μl; 1 eq.). The medium is cooled down to 0° C. and EDCI (71 mg; 1.2 eq.) and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt) (41 mg; 1 eq.) are then added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 hours at 0° C. and thereafter for 90 hours at room temperature. The reaction medium is then washed with H2O and the organic layer is dried over MgSO4 and subsequently evaporated under vacuum at 40° C. By running a silica gel flash chromatography purification (15/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH eluent), recovery of the O-acylated product (126 mg; 32%) is achieved.
A freshly prepared 2.5% OSO4 solution in pyridine (1.1 ml; 1.9 eq.) is added dropwise at 25° C. to a solution of the O-acylation reaction product prepared above (70 mg, 0.055 mmol.) in anhydrous pyridine (5 ml). The mixture is stirred for 24 to 48 hours at room temperature and then treated by addition of Na2S2O5 and finally diluted with CH2Cl2, washed in succession with H2O, an aqueous solution of 1N HCl and H2O again. The resulting organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered, evaporated and the residue is subjected to purification by flash chromatography treatment on a silica gel (15/1-10/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH eluent gradient) to thereby recover the desired diol (27 mg; 38%). HPLC (210 nm): TR=37.25 min0 ES/MS: m/z ratio 1307.0 [M+H]+.
To a solution of the above obtained diol (50 mg; 0.038 mmol.) in a HPLC-grade MeOH/AcOH mixture (5/0.2 ml), addition of a catalyst (10% Pd/C) (10 mg) is made. The reaction mixture is stirred for 4 hours under H2 (atmospheric pressure) at room temperature. The catalyst is filtered off on a millipore filter and the filtrate is evaporated to finally recover, with no further purification, the debenzylated product (46 mg; 99%). HPLC (210 nm): TR=35.13 and 35.51 min. (two diastereoisomers were detected). ES/MS: m/z ratio 1217.0 [M+H]+.
Preactivation of a catalyst suspension (PtO2) (25 mg; 3.8 eq.) in HPLC-grade EtOH (0.5 ml) is conducted under H2 for 10 minutes. A solution of the debenzylated product obtained above (35 mg, 0.029 mmol.) in HPLC-grade EtOH (2 ml) from which air was flushed under argon, is added to the catalyst suspension. The reaction mixture is then stirred for 2 hours under H2 at room temperature. The catalyst is filtered off on a millipore filter and the filtrate is evaporated to finally recover, with no further purification, the desired phosphate ester. (26 mg; 87%). HPLC (210 nm): TR=29.3 and 30.9 min. (two diastereoisomers were detected): ES/MS m/z ratio 1064.8 [M+H]+, 1086.8 [M+Na]+, 1108.8 [M−H+2Na]+ (
1.87 ml of 0.1 M NaIO4 (40.17 mg, 20 eq.) are added to 10 mg (9.39 μmol., 1 eq.) of the deprotected product prepared above in an isopropanol-water mixture (1:1). The solution is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction is stopped by addition of 1 to 2 drops of ethylene glycol. TR=30.0 and 31.5 min. (two diastereoisomers were detected). ES/MS: m/z ratio 1032.8 [M+H]+, 1054.8 [M+Na]+.
D-serine is protected in the form of an N-(p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl) derivative [Reference, Chen, and Wang, Synthesis (1989): 36-37], then the OH functional group is alkyl-substituted with benzyl bromoacetate in presence of NaH (2 eq.). The amine functional group is freed by trifluoroacetic acid treatment in dichloromethane, then acylated with (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid chloride treatment in presence of triethylamine. The serine derivative thus obtained is coupled with (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol amine (see section 4.1.1.) in presence of IIDQ to yield the (2R,8R)-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-oxo-4-aza-8-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]nonane-1,9-diol 1-O-benzyloxycarbonylmethylether. This product is then O-acylated with hept-6-enoic acid in presence of EDCI. The double bond of the accessory ester is hydroxylated with osmium tetraoxide (catalytic amount, in presence of N-methylmorpholin N-oxide), and the diol is then deprotected through hydrogenolysis in presence of palladium on carbon in an ethanol solution. The OM-112-FV-7 product is obtained by treatment with sodium periodate in an isopropanol-water mixture. C65H103N3O12. MM: 1010.45.
D-cysteine is S-alkyl substituted with p-methoxybenzyl bromoacetate in presence of sodium carbonate in a THF-water medium. The S-benzyloxycarbonylmethylcysteine thus obtained is N-acylated with (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid chloride, and the S-alkyl-N-acyl-D-cysteine derivative is then with (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol amine {obtained by hydrogenolysis of the (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-3-benzyloxy-tetradecanoyl-amino]pentan-1-ol, see 4.1.1.} in presence of IIDQ. The thus obtained product is selectively O-acylated in its primary position with the ester derived from reacting HOBt with 7-(p-methoxybenzyloxy-carbonylamino)heptanoic acid. The two p-methoxybenzyl groups are then removed by treating the ester with aqueous trifluoroacetic acid. C59H112N4O10S. MM 1069.64.
The N-(p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl) D-serine derivative is O-alkyl substituted with dibenzyl methylenemalonate in presence of NaH. The amine functional group is freed by trifluoroacetic acid treatment in dichloromethane, and then acylated by (R)-3-dodecanyloxytetradecanoic acid chloride treatment in presence of triethylamine. The serine derivative thus obtained is coupled with (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-3-benzyloxy-tetosm radecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol amine (see section 4.1.1.) in presence of IIDQ to yield the (2R,8R)-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-oxo-4-aza-8-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoyl-amino]nonan-1,9-diol 1-O-[2,2-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)ethyl]ether. This product is O-acylated with hept-6-enoic acid in presence of EDCI, then the heptenoyl ester is subjected to a hydroxylation reaction with the aid of osmium tetraoxide. The benzyl groups are cleaved by hydrogenolysis in presence of palladium on carbon in an ethanol solution. The OM-312-FV-7 product is obtained by treating the debenzylated product with sodium periodate in an isopropanol-water mixture. C58H105N3O14. MM: 1068.49.
The 3-[(R)-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-4-oxo-5-aza-9-(R)-3 hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-1,10-diol-1-dihydrogenphate 10-(6-aminohexanoate) (see section 4.2.3.3.) is subjected to a bromoacetylation reaction by means of bromoacetic acid succinimidyloxy ester compound in a water-DHF medium in presence of triethylamine. The final product is purified by HPLC. C57H108BrN4O13P. MM: 1168.4.
The 2-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-4-diphenyloxyphosphoryloxy-butanoic acid [obtained by N-acylation of benzyl O-(diphenyloxyphosphoryl)-DL-homoserinate trifluoroacetic salt with (R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoic acid chloride, then cleavage of the benzyl ester by hydrogenolysis in ethanol in presence of triethylamine and a palladium on carbon catalyst] is coupled with (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol [obtained by N-acylation of (2R)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-amino-pentan-ol trifluoroacetic salt with (R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid chloride, then deprotection of the amino group in C5 position by hydrogenolysis in ethanol in presence of triethylamine and a palladium on carbon catalyst] in presence of IIDQ. The thus formed amide is O-acylated at the free OH functional group with 6-heptenoic acid in presence of EDCI to yield the corresponding ester. The double bond of the additional ester is subjected to a hydroxylation reaction with osmium tetraoxide; and the benzyl group is then removed through hydrogenolysis by using a palladium on carbon catalyst and the phosphate compound is freed through hydrogenolysis over platinium black. The diol functional group is subjected to a periodic oxidation reaction to form the 6-oxohexanoyl derivative OM-512-FV7. C55H104N3O13P. MM: 1046.42.
To a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoyl-amino]pentyl}amide β-benzyl ester (400 mg, 0.38 mmol.) and 6(benzyloxycarbonylamino)hexanoic acid (220 mg, 0.83 mmol.) in dry CH2Cl2 (15 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession commercially available 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-15 ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (162 mg, 0.85 mmol.) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (13 mg, 98 μmol.). The reaction mixture is then stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. and thereafter overnight at room temperature. The reaction medium is then washed with water and a solution of 1N HCl followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (9/1 then 4/1 CH2 Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (395 mg; 81%) as a white solid. 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.46, 173.29, 171.83, 171.14, 170.12, 156.38, 138.19, 136.60, 133.30, 128.51, 128.42, 128.31, 127.70, 127.58, 119.97, 76.49, 71.23, 71.06, 66.73, 66.47, 49.21, 47.83, 41.42, 40.73, 39.14, 35.46, 34.86, 33.70, 31.84, 29.57, 29.46, 29.28, 29.10, 26.01, 25.54, 25.17, 25.08, 24.94, 24.31, 22.61, 14.05
A solution of the compound prepared above (340 mg, 0.26 mmol.) in a 5/1 CH2Cl2/ethanol mixture (24 ml) containing acetic acid (2 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (40 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 12 to 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to obtain N-3-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-(6-aminohexanoyloxy)-4-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-5 pentyl}amide (238 mg, quantitative yield). C55H104N4O10: ES/MS: m/z ratio 981.9 ([M+H]+); (
To a solution of product of example 2.16. (Section 2.16.2) (50 mg; 0.051 mmol.) in pyridine (3 ml), there are added in succession succinic anhydride (11 mg, 0.11 mmol.) and 4-N,N′-dimethylaminopyridine (7 mg; 0.57 mmol.). After stirring for 6 hours at 50° C. under Ar, methanol (2 ml) is added and the reaction medium is stirred for further 15 min. at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the product is purified by a flash chromatography treatment on a silica gel (7:1 then 5:1 CH2Cl2/MeOH eluent); thereby obtaining the product as a white solid (42 mg; 74%). C59H108N4O13 ES/MS; m/z ratio 1082 ([M+H])+, Rf=0.1 (4:1 CH2Cl2/MeOH)
To a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentyl}-amide β-benzyl ester (300 mg, 0.29 mmol.) and commercially available N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine (101 mg, 0.49 mmol.) in dry CH2Cl2 (10 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession available 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (93 mg, 0.48 mmol.) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (6 mg, 49 μmol.). The reaction mixture is then stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. and thereafter overnight at room temperature. The reaction medium is then washed with water and a solution of 1N HCl followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (8/1 then 6/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (313 mg; 88%) as a white solid. 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.71, 173.49, 171.80, 171.68, 171.21, 170.21, 170.06, 169.94, 169.84, 156.41, 138.18, 136.16, 135.26, 128.46, 128.33, 128.26, 128.04, 127.93, 127.65, 127.55, 76.49, 71.14, 71.07, 70.93, 66.90, 66.67, 66.38, 66.26, 49.21, 49.03, 47.72, 47.66, 42.58, 41.83, 41.68, 41.32, 39.02, 35.58, 35.39, 34.34, 33.84, 31.81, 29.52, 29.24, 29.06, 28.31, 28.13, 25.34, 25.12, 25.03, 24.89, 22.57, 14.01.
A solution of the compound prepared above (268 mg, 0.22 mmol.) in a 5/1 CH2Cl2/ethanol mixture (12 ml) containing acetic acid (2 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (30 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 12 to 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to no dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to obtain N-3-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-(glycinyloxy)-4-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide (200 mg, quantitative yield). C51H104N4O10: ES/MS: m/z ratio 925.7 ([M+H]+), 947.8 ([M+Na]+); (
To a solution of succinic anhydride (25 mg, 0.25 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2 (2 ml) in presence of Et3N (40 μl, 0.29 mmol.) at 0° C., addition is made of a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentyl}-amide β-benzyl ester (Section 1.2.2.) (150 mg, 0.14 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at 0° C. and thereafter at room temperature. The reaction medium is then diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with a 1N HCl solution followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (9/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent containing 2% acetic acid), there is recovered the acid product (148 mg; 90%) as a white solid. 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 175.03, 173.55, 173.35, 171.68, 171.92, 171.72, 171.36, 170.97, 170.60, 170.46, 170.41, 138.05, 135.24, 128.85, 128.76, 128.41, 128.27, 128.20, 128.03, 127.59; 76.48, 71.31, 70.77, 66.67, 65.08, 49.20, 48.11, 41.48, 41.31, 39.02, 35.80, 34.26, 34.13, 33.84, 31.77, 29.50, 29.21, 29.03, 25.05, 24.99, 24.83, 22.54, 13.98.
A solution of the compound prepared above (124 mg, 0.11 mmol.) is dissolved in hot (HPLC-grade) EtOH (12 ml) containing acetic acid (1 ml) and then hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (15 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 10 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to recover the diacid product (102 mg, 97%). C53H97N3O12: ES/MS: m/z ratio 968.6 ([M+H]+), 990.7 ([M+Na]+); (
A solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide β-benzyl ester (Section 1.2.2.) (2.53 g; 2.4 mmol.) in a 1/1 EtOH/EtOAc mixture (150 ml) containing Et3N (4 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (120 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 2 hours. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness and then dried by suction from a vacuum pump. The residue is then dissolved in a 1/1 i-PrOH/CH2Cl2 mixture (100 ml) and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature with an Amberlite IR-120 (H+) resin (5 ml). The resin is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness to provide the free acid (2.25 g; 97%) as a white crystalline solid. (Rf=0.45 in 9/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH containing 1% of acetic acid, phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent). m.p.=115-117° C.
A solution of IIDQ (2-isobutoxy-1-isobutoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) (98 g; 0.32 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (3 ml) is added to a solution of the compound prepared above (250 mg, 0.26 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (15 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow. The reaction mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at 0° C. and a solution of commercially available 3-benzyloxycarbonylamino-propylamine hydrochloride (70 mg, 0.29 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (7 ml) containing triethylamine (40 μl, 0.29 mmol.) is added. After stirring for 18 hours, the solution is evaporated to dryness. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (20/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (217 mg; 78%) as a white solid.
A solution of the compound prepared above (50 mg, 44 mmol.) in a 1/1 CH2Cl2/isopropanol mixture (8 ml) containing acetic acid (1 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (10 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 6 to 8 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to obtain N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide β-N-(3-aminopropyl)amide (32 mg, 80%). C52H101N5O8: ES/MS: m/z ratio 924.8 ([M+H]+); 1848.8 ([2M+H]+); (
A solution of IIDQ (2-isobutoxy-1-isobutoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) (114 mg; 0.38 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 ml) is added to a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide (Section 2.20.1.) (300 mg, 0.31 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 ml) at room temperature and under argon flow. The reaction mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at RT then a solution of commercially available ε-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine benzyl ester hydrochloride solution (140 mg, 0.31 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 ml) containing triethylamine (48 μl, 0.34 mmol.) is added. After stirring for 18 hours, the solution is evaporated to dryness. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (30/1 then 20/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (317 mg; 77%) as a white solid. 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.68, 172.35, 171.92, 170.74, 170.62, 170.54, 156.75, 156.52, 138.31, 136.54, 135.12, 128.54, 128.40, 128.28, 128.21, 127.96, 127.577, 127.59, 76.67, 71.40, 71.18, 67.20, 67.09, 66.48, 64.67, 52.30, 51.19, 41.64, 40.34, 39.24, 37.58, 34.40, 34.10, 31.83, 29.58, 29.27, 29.09, 25.16, 25.11, 24.93, 22.60, 14.04.
A solution of the above prepared compound (93 mg; 71 μmol.) in a 1/1 CH2Cl2/ethanol mixture (20 ml) containing glacial acetic acid (0.5 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of palladium on carbon containing 10% Pd (17 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 12 to 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to provide N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]pentyl}-amide β-N—[(1S)-1-carboxy-5-aminopentyl]amide (71 mg, stoichiometric yield). C55H105N5O10: ES/MS: m/z ratio 996.9 ([M+H]+); 1018.9 ([M+Na]+) (
To a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentyl}-amide β-N-[(1S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-5-benzyloxycarbonylaminopentyl]-amide (Section 2.21.1.) (317 mg, 0.48 mmol.) and 6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)hexanoic acid (128 mg, 0.48 mmol.) in dry CH2Cl2 (15 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (93 mg, 0.48 mmol.) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (12 mg, 0.98 μmol.). The reaction mixture is then stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. and thereafter overnight at room temperature. The reaction medium is then washed with water and a solution of 1N HCl followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography treatment on a silica gel (5/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (226 mg; 71%) as a white solid.
A solution of the above prepared compound (236 mg; 151 μmol.) in an 1/1 CH2Cl2/isopropanol mixture (20 ml) containing acetic acid (1 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of palladium on carbon containing 10% Pd (100 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 12 to 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to provide N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-(6-aminohexanoyloxy)-4-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide β-N-[(1S)-1-carboxy-5-aminopentyl]amide (140 mg, 83%). C61H116N6O11: ES/MS: m/z ratio 555.5 ([M+H]+2); 1110.0 ([M+H]+) (
A solution of IIDQ (2-isobutoxy-1-isobutoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) (96 g; 0.32 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 ml) is added to a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide (Section 2.20.1.) (252 mg, 0.26 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 ml) at room temperature and under argon flow. The reaction mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature and a solution of commercially available L-aspartic acid dibenzyl ester paratoluenesulfonate salt (141 mg, 0.29 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 ml) containing triethylamine (40 μl, 0.29 mmol.) is added. After stirring for 18 hours, the solution is evaporated to dryness. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (20/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (260 mg 78%).). 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.68, 171.92, 171.17, 170.60, 170.46, 170.37, 170.18, 170.06, 138.31, 138.19, 135.20, 135.12, 134.87, 128.48, 128.26, 128.18, 127.75, 127.63, 127.56, 76.66, 71.40, 71.19, 70.98, 68.79, 67.59, 66.85, 65.14, 64.73, 51.25, 50.17, 48.78, 48.67, 41.70, 39.37, 39.21, 37.50, 35.94, 34.48, 34.10, 31.81, 29.54, 29.25, 29.08, 27.93, 25.56, 25.14, 25.09, 24.91, 22.58, 14.02.
A solution of the above prepared compound (260 mg 207 μmol.) in a 1/1 CH2Cl2/isopropanol mixture (20 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of palladium on carbon containing 10% Pd (50 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 4 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to provide the diacid (108 mg, 88%). C53H98N4O12: ES/MS: m/z ratio 983.7 ([M+H]+); 1005.8 ([M+Na]+); (
To a solution of N—[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoyl-amino]pentyl}amide β-N-[(1S)-1,2-bis(benzyloxycarbonyl)ethylamide (Section 2.23.1.) (158 mg, 0.13 mmol.) and 6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)hexanoic acid (84 mg, 0.32 mmol.) in dry CH2Cl2 (6 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession commercially available 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (61 mg, 0.32 mmol.) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4 mg, 33 μmol.). The reaction mixture is then stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. and thereafter overnight at room temperature. The reaction medium is then washed with water and a solution of 1N HCl followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (6/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (83 mg; 44%). 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.69, 173.53, 173.26, 171.21, 171.11, 170.61, 170.38, 170.31, 170.22, 156.36, 138.26, 136.58, 135.20, 134.87, 128.48, 128.38, 128.31, 128.27, 128.19, 127.95, 127.55, 76.50, 71.24, 71.10, 67.58, 67.48, 66.79, 66.42, 65.69, 49.99, 48.77, 47.86, 41.70, 41.49, 40.70, 39.15, 37.50, 35.94, 34.44, 34.37, 33.97, 33.67, 31.80, 29.54, 29.24, 29.07, 28.37, 25.98, 25.55, 25.13, 25.08, 24.91, 24.28, 22.58, 14.02.
A solution of the above prepared compound (80 mg 0.053 μmol.) in a 1/4 CH2Cl2/ethanol mixture (10 ml) containing acetic acid (1 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of palladium on carbon containing 10% Pd (50 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 12 to 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to provide the diacid (61 mg, stoichiometric yield). Mass spectrometry MS: Calculated for C59H109N5O13: 1095.8. Found ES/MS: m/z ratio 1097.0 ([M+H]+) (
To a solution of acetic anhydride (85 μl, 0.90 mmol.) in acetonitrile (1 ml), there is added a solution of commercially available H-D-Asp(OBn)-OH (Senn Chemicals, CH-Dielsdorf) (200 mg, 0.90 mmol.) in a CH3CN.H2O/Et3N (3.5/1.0/0.4 ml) mixture. The reaction mixture is stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. The organic solvent is evaporated and the remaining aqueous phase is cooled down to 0° C., acidified with a 10% aqueous solution of citric acid till pH=3 and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The organic layers are pooled and dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. The -benzyl ester of N-acetyl-D-aspartic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid (192 mg, 81%) is used in the next step with no further purification. (Rf=0.45 in 20/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH containing 2% of acetic acid, phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent).
A solution of IIDQ (2-isobutoxy-1-isobutoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) (254 g; 0.84 mmol., 1.2 eq.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 ml) is added to a solution of N-acetyl-D-aspartic acid β-benzyl ester prepared above (185 mg, 0.70 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (15 ml) at RT and under argon flow. The reaction mixture is stirred for 15 minutes and thereafter a solution of (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol (Section 1.1.2.) (334 mg, 0.77 mmol., 1 eq.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (10 ml) is added. After stirring for 3 hours, the solution is evaporated to dryness. By subjecting the residual product to a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (5/3 CH2Cl2/acetone then pure acetone eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (369 mg; 78%). (Rf=0.22 in 5/2 CH2Cl2/acetone, phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent). 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CD3OD), δ in ppm: 171.92, 171.23, 171.07, 170.61, 170.35, 138.11, 135.24, 128.40, 128.24, 128.02, 127.69, 127.59, 71.25, 67.57, 64.56, 51.03, 49.41, 41.51, 39.21, 35.90, 33.88, 31.73, 29.46, 29.17, 28.32, 28.02, 25.35, 25.24, 24.97, 22.83, 22.51, 13.97, MS: Calc. for C39H59N3O7681.4. found: m/z 682.5 ([M+H]+), 704.5 ([M+Na]+).
To a solution of N-acetyl-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide β-benzyl ester (200 mg 0.29 mmol.) and 6-(benzyloxycarbanoylamino)hexanoic acid (156 mg 0.59 mmol.) in dry CH2Cl2 (8 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession commercially available 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (112 mg, 0.59 mmol.) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (7 mg, 59 μmol.). The reaction mixture is then stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. and thereafter overnight at room temperature. The reaction medium is then washed in succession with water and a solution of 1N HCl followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (6/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (200 mg; 73%) as a white solid. 13C-NMR (62.89 MHz, CDCl3), δ in ppm: 173.65, 171.71, 171.26, 170.30, 156.41, 138.16, 136.60, 135.33, 128.57, 128.46, 128.38, 128.20, 128.04, 127.76, 127.62, 71.21, 66.80, 66.53, 65.72, 65.63, 49.36, 47.80, 41.36, 40.76, 39.22, 39.13, 35.79, 33.75, 31.88, 29.61, 29.31, 28.58, 28.52, 26.04, 25.48, 25.11, 24.36, 23.13, 22.64, 14.09.
A solution of the compound obtained above (200 mg; 0.22 mmol.) in a 1/1 CH2Cl2/ethanol mixture (16 ml) containing acetic acid (2 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (40 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 12 to 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness and then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to provide N-acetyl-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-(6-aminohexanoyloxy)-4-[(R)-3-hydroxytetra-decanoylamino]pentyl}amide (132 mg, stoichiometric yield); MS: Calc. For C31H58N4O8 614.43. Found: m/z 615.5 ([M+H]+, 629.5 ([M+NH4]+), 637.5 ([M+Na]+) (
To a solution of a commercially available racemic 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid mixture (1.00 g, 6.2 mmol.) in HPLC-grade ethylacetate (30 ml), there are added in succession benzyl bromide (2.22 ml; 18.7 mmol.), triethylamine (2.6 ml, 18.7 mmol.) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (1.15 g; 3.12 mmol.). The solution is stirred for 18 hours at room temperature and the solvent is thereafter evaporated. The residue is taken up into ether and the organic layer is then washed with a saturated solution of NaHCO3 and H2O (2×). The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated to yield crude benzyl 2-hydroxyoctanoate (Rf=0.57 in a 3/1 petroleum ether/EtOAc mixture; phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent)
To a solution of the ester as obtained above (780 mg; 3.12 mmol.) in dry CH2Cl2 (15 ml) at 0° C., there are added dropwise in succession pyridine (0.9 ml) and decanoyl chloride (654 mg; 3.43 mmol.). The mixture is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature and the reaction medium is then poured into ice-cold water containing (5%) NaHCO3. The organic layer is separated, successively washed with a 1N HCl solution and water (2×). The organic layer is then dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (30/1 petroleum ether/EtOAc eluent), recovery of pure Benzyl 2-decanoyloxyooctanoate is achieved.
solution of benzyl 2-hydroxyoctanoate as prepared above (515 mg; 1.27 mmol.) in HPLC-grade EtOH (40 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (100 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 2 hours. The catalyst is filtered off on a millipore filter. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried under suction from a vacuum pump to obtain 2-decanoyloxyoctanoic acid (stoichiometric yield)
To a solution of 2-decanoyloxyoctanoic acid (317 mg; 1.01 mmol.) in anhydrous THF (2 ml) at −15° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession N-methylmorpholin (111 μl; 1.01 mmol.; 1 eq.) and isobutyl chloroformate (131 μl; 1.01 mmol.; 1 eq.). Rapid formation of a N-methylmorpholin hydrochloride precipitate is observed. After stirring for 30 minutes at −15° C., a commercially available solution of H-D-Asp(OBn)-OH (Senn Chemicals AG, Switzerland-Dielsdorf) (225 mg 1.01 mmol.; 1 eq.) in a 3.5/1 CH3CN/H2O mixture (9 ml) containing Et3N (0.4 ml) is added. The reaction mixture is then stirred overnight at room temperature. The organic layer is then evaporated and the aqueous layer is cooled down to 0° C., acidified with a 10% aqueous solution of citric acid down to pH=3 and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (2/1 petroleum ether/EtOAc eluent containing 2% acetic acid) followed by toluene coevaporation, there is recovered N-(2-decanoyloxyoctanoyl)-D-aspartic acid, β-benzyl ester (140 mg 27%).
IIDQ (98 mg; 0.32 mmol.; 1.2 eq.) is added to a solution of N-(2-decanoyloxyoctanoyl)-D-aspartic acid, β-benzyl ester (140 g; 0.27 mmol.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (15 ml) at room temperature and under argon flow. After stirring for 15 minutes, addition was made of a solution of (2R)-5-amino-2-[(R)-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]pentan-1-ol (Section 1.1.2.) (129 mg; 0.30 mmol.; 1.1 eq.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 ml). After stirring for 18 hours, the solution is evaporated to dryness. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (successively 5/1 CH2Cl2/acetone and 1/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (197 mg; 78%). (Rf=0.30 in a 5/1 CH2Cl2/acetone mixture; phosphomolybdinium compound and U.V. color development agent).
To a solution of N-(2-decanoyloxyoctanoyl)-D-aspartic acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-hydroxy-4-[(R)-3-benzyloxytetradecanoylamino]-pentyl}amide β-benzyl ester (97 mg; 0.21 mmol.) and 6-(benzyloxycarbanoylamino) hexanoic acid (112 mg, 0.42 mmol.) in dry CH2Cl2 (8 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (81 mg, 0.42 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (6 mg, 42 μmol.). The reaction mixture is next stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. and thereafter overnight at room temperature. The reaction medium is then washed in succession with water and a 1N HCl solution; followed by layer separation. The organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel (6/1 CH2Cl2/acetone eluent), there is recovered the coupling reaction product (170 mg; 68%).
A solution of the compound as prepared above (150 mg; 0.13 mmol.) in a 1/1 CH2Cl2/ethanol mixture (16 ml) containing acetic acid (2 ml) is hydrogenated in presence of Pd on carbon containing 10% Pd (40 mg) at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure hydrogen for 12 to 24 hours. The catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is then dried by suction from a vacuum pump to provide N-(2-decanoyloxyoctanoyl)-D-aspartic Acid, α-N-{(4R)-5-[6-(aminohexanoyloxy]-4-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]pentyl}amide (110 mg, stoechiometric yield) MS (mass spectrometry) Calc. For C47H88N4O10: 868.65. Found: m/z ratio 870.0 ([M+H]+); 884.0 ([M+NH4]+), 891.5 ([M+Na]+) (
The synthesis product and acyl-dipeptide-like compounds bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer are dissolved in a (1:1 v/v) water-isopropanol mixture The required quantity of 2 M ammonium bicarbonate is then added up to a concentration of 50 mM.
Purification process is performed by reverse phase preparative HPLC according to the following conditions:
Column: Bondapack C18 PrepPak, 40×200 mm, 15-20 μm, 300 Å, Waters
Should any aromatic products be observed (incomplete deprotection step), a finer purification step must be carried out. This further purification process is performed according to the following conditions:
Column: Kromasil C18, 21×250 mm, 5 μm, 100 Å, Macherey-Nagel.
The fractions containing the relevant compounds in the form of ammonium salts are pooled and concentrated by adsorption on C18 Bondapack, 15-20 μm, 300 Å, Waters. The counter-ion can then be exchanged by washing with an aqueous solution of an alkaline metal salt (such as NaCl or KCl, for instance) at a concentration of 10 g/l in a water-isopropanol mixture (9:1, v/v). Upon removal of excess salt by flowing 5 volumes of a (9:1, v/v) water-isopropanol mixture over the column, the compound is eluted with pure isopropanol.
After each step, the fractions are analyzed by analytical reverse phase HPLC chromatography according to the following conditions:
Chromatography apparatus: For these assays, different HPLC chromatography apparatus were used (HP1050 Ti series, HP1090 series M, LabChromShimadzu). Retention times read by the particular system being used may vary by about 1 minute for a given compound.
Assay and purity analysis of the obtained products are performed by an HPLC/UV technique according to the chromatography operating conditions specified above. Based on these analysis, purity of products ranges from 97 to 100%. In order to demonstrate that inactive impurities are present as judged by UV detection, LC/ES-MS analysis were carried out (electrospray type ionization, positive mode). In order to fulfill ionization conditions, chromatographic separation was carried out according to the following conditions:
Column: Vydac C4, 5 μm, 4.6×150 mm, 300 Å
Mobile phase:
A: (1:1, v/v) water-acetonitrile, 0.05% TFA
B: (1:9, v/v) water-isopropanol, 0.05% TFA
Flow rate: 1 ml/min.
Elution: (80:20-0:100 range) A/B gradient within 20 minutes.
Temperature: 40° C.
Mass Spectrometry
ES/MS spectra (positive and negative modes) were recorded on a variety of mass spectrometers (Finnigan LCQ, ion trap; Micromass Quattro II, triple stage quadrupole; Micromass Z-Bio-Q, triple stage quadrupole). Additional analysis based on MS/MS measurements were carried out.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded on a DPX Bruker type apparatus at 250.13 and 62.89 MHz.
As shown by synthesis schemes set forth on
The coupling reaction based on reductive amination was carried out in an aqueous solution at a 1:1 stoechiometric ratio of aldehyde (accessory side chain spacer of the acyl-dipeptide-like compound) and amine functional groups available on the peptide or the protein to be coupled.
In case of an FGFG peptide (SEQ ID NO: 14), 2 mg of purified OM-197-FV7 (1.86 μmol., 1 eq.) were added to a solution of 0.8 mg FGFG (SEQ ID NO: 14), (1.86 μmol., 1 eq.) dissolved in 1 ml of (1:1) H2O-MeCN. The solution was stirred for a period of 30 minutes at room temperature to form an imine. The reduction step was subsequently carried out by adding 92 μl of 1 M NaBH3CN (5.77 mg, 50 eq.) to form a highly stable carbon-nitrogen bond (
OM-197-FV7 compound obtained by the synthesis scheme set forth on
SDS-PAGE analysis of OM-197-FV-(NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 2) conjugates demonstrated various discrete bands corresponding to the unreacted peptide, the monoconjugate and the biconjugate. Under the electrophoretic conditions herein used (10-20% polyacrylamide gradient, tris-tricin buffer, Bio-Rad, #161-1108), the difference between the relevant bands was estimated at 1000 amu based on standard markers, which provides evidence that coupling of one or two molecules of OM-197-FV to the peptide did occur.
Other peptides can also be coupled by a reductive amination reaction to the compounds bearing an accessory aldehyde type side chain spacer. The example of coupling OM-197-FV with a P2O30 (SEQ ID NO: 3) peptide is given for the purpose of illustration. The latter corresponds to the T epitope portion of the tetanus toxoid and has the following sequence: KQYIKANSKFIGITEFNNFTVSFWLRVPKVSASHLE (SEQ ID NO: 3)
The P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 3) peptide displays five potential conjugation sites (terminal amine+four lysine residues) and a mass of 4200 amu. Hence, five equivalents of OM-197-FV7 were used up. Reaction conditions specified above were observed. After dialysis in H2O (3.5 kDa dialysis cassette, Slide-A-lyzer, Pierce), the mass spectra of the obtained conjugates were measured by an LC/ES-MS technique and compared to spectra recorded for the free peptide P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 3) which displays polyvalent ions at an m/z ratio of 840.9 (A5) 1050.9 (A4) and 1401.0 (A3) which form the surrounding ionic charge (
Likewise, the mass spectrum obtained for the (OM-197-FV)2-P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 3) biconjugate ascertains the presence of two molecules of OM-197-FV per peptide unit. The surrounding ionic charge is formed by ions at an m/z ratio of 1044.5 (A6), 1253.1 (A5), 1566.3 (A4) and 2088.4 (A3) (
A similar coupling procedure can be conducted for the (NANP)3CS.T3 peptide (SEQ ID NO: 4) (TNO, MW: 3527 amu) having the following sequence:
Following H2O dialysis, the observed ions on the ES/MS spectra reflect a molecular mass of 4557 and 5587 amu, corresponding to the expected values for the mono- and biconjugate compounds.
OM-197-MC-FV6 compound obtained through the reaction scheme shown on
In order not to modify the T-epitope portion during the coupling step, amino acids SER were added to form a peptide referred to as MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5), of the following sequence: SERSYVPSAEQI (MR99B) (SEQ ID NO: 5)
Since the present sequence is lysine-free, MR99B(SEQ ID NO: 5) peptide has a unique reductive amination coupling site (at the terminal amine). Thus, 2 mg of purified OM-197-MC-FV6 (2.04 μmol., 1.4 eq.) were added to a solution of 2 mg MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5) (1.47 μmol., 1 eq.) dissolved into 1 ml of a 1:1 H2O-isopropanol mixture. The solution is stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, then the reduction step is carried out by adding 29.4 μml. (1M) NaBH3CN (29.4 μmol., 2 eq.) The solution is stirred for two hours at room temperature. LC/ES-MS analysis of the reaction mixture provides evidence of the formation of an OM-197-MC-FV-MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5) conjugate of an expected molecular mass (2330.4 amu,
Purification of OM-197-MC-FV-MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5) conjugate is carried out by semi-preparative liquid chromatography on a C4 phase according to the following conditions.
In order to demonstrate that the peptide antigenic portion is not altered by conjugation, a trypsin digestion of the OM-197-MC-FV-MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5) is conducted. 0.5 mg of the conjugate is incubated for 24 hours with 83 μg of trypsin (Roche #109819) (substrate-enzyme ratio (6:1)) in 1 ml of 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, 2 mM CaCl2, Ph 8.
LC/ES-MS analysis following this reaction is shown on
In order to increase conjugation rate of OM-197-MR-FV to a given peptide and increase the adjuvant/antigen ration without altering the T-epitope portion, KGG type sequences can be grafted on the peptide to be grafted. Thus, a KGGKGGK (SEQ ID NO: 14) sequence can be, for example, grafted to MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5) peptide, to yield the MR99A peptide as follows: KGGKGGKSERSYVVWPSAEQ (MR99A) (SEQ ID NO: 6)
Accordingly, this peptide has four potential conjugation sites for a reductive amination reaction (three lysines and the terminal amine). Thus, 12 mg of purified OM-197-MC-FV6 (12.2 μmol., 12 eq.) are added to a solution of 2 mg of MR99A (SEQ ID NO: 6) dissolved into 1 ml of 1:1 H2O-isopropanol. The solution is stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, then a reductive step is conducted by adding 242 μl of 1M NaBH3CN (244 μmol., 242 eq.). The solution is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. LC/ES-MS analysis of the reaction mixture demonstrates different peaks corresponding to variable conjugation rates of OM-197-MC-FV molecules to the MR99A peptide (SEQ ID NO: 6). Mass spectra corresponding to -OM-197-MC-FV)3-MR99A (SEQ ID NO: 6) triconjugate (4870 amu) are shown on
Purification of the tri and tetra-conjugates (OM-197-MC-FV)3,4-MR99A (SEQ ID NO: 6) is conducted by semi-preparative liquid chromatography on a C4 phase according to the following conditions:
As for an OM-197MC-FV-MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5) monoconjugate, (OM-197-MC-FV)n-MR99A (SEQ ID NO: 6) polyconjugates are submitted to a trypsin digestion to determine whether or not the antigenic portion (CSPy 245-253) is altered by conjugation. 1 mg of the polyconjugate is incubated for 24 hours at 25° C. with 166 μg of trypsin (Roche, #109819) (substrate-enzyme ratio (6:1)) in 1 ml of 50 mM Tris HCl buffer, 2 mM CaCl, pH 8.
LC/ES-MS analysis carried out after the reaction ascertains the presence of a great number of cleavage products at variable locations of the MR99A peptide (SEQ ID NO: 6). Among such products, a fragment at an m/z ratio of 993.5 ([M+H]+) and 1015.6 ([M+Na]+) is noted which corresponds to a CSPy 245-253 peptide. Presence of this peptide is a proof of the integrity of the T-epitope portion of the peptide even after a multiple conjugation reaction. Two fragments, detected through their triple charge ions at an m/z ratio of 1621.4 ([M+H]+) and 1942.8 ([M+H]+) are of special interest. In fact, such fragments correspond to fragments (OM-197-MC-FV)4-KGGKGGKSER (SEQUENCE 7) and (OM-197-MC-FV)5-KGGKGGKSER (SEQ ID NO: 7), respectively. Detection thereof shows that different molecules of OM-197-MC-FV are actually grafted onto the sequence added to CSPy 245-253 even in case amino acids other than lysine have reacted in the reductive amination step. It should be noted that presence of several sterically relevant molecules of OM-197-MC-FV on a peptide does not affect protease activity as in case of trypsin. This result is of remarkable interest when considering conjugation to a prodrug where the active ingredient can be released after selective cleavage of a cleavable bond, for example.
Structures bearing an accessory formylvaleryl type side chain spacer can be conjugated to a great number of peptides of pharmaceutical interest. Mention is made, for example, of grafting of OM-197-MC-FV molecules by reductive amination reaction to the terminal amine of synthetic peptides having sequences derived from an antigenic protein sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Peptides initially used were as follows
Following reaction with OM-197-MC-FV, the following conjugates were detected by LC/ES-MS analysis: for example, OM-197-FV-MR100 (SEQ ID NO: 8) which displays a molecular weight of 2171.0 amu (
The reductive amination method can be equally applied to the synthesis of dimers having an OM-197-type structure.
For example, a dimer can be formed starting from two compounds bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer such as OM-197-MC-FV and OM-197-MC-AC. Thus, 1 mg of purified OM-197-MC-FV6 (0.98 μmol., 1 eq.) is added to a solution of 1 mg of OM-197-MC-AC (0.98 μmol, 1 eq.) dissolved into 1 ml of (1:9) H2O-isopropanol. The solution is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, then the reductive step is carried out by adding 19.6 μl of 1M NaBH3CN (19.6 μmol., 20 eq.). The solution is thereafter stirred for 12 hours at room temperature. LC/ES-MS analysis of the reaction medium demonstrates formation of an OM-197-MC-FV-OM-197-MC-AC dimer of the expected molecular weight (1945.5 amu) as evidenced by the spectrum shown on
In structure shown on
Compounds bearing an amino type accessory side chain spacer can also be conjugated to peptide antigens through a reductive amination reaction. It is further possible to make use of the presence of a terminal serine, for example, in the sequence of peptides to be conjugated. In a first step, a periodic oxidation reaction is conducted upon the peptide, leading to the formation of a highly reactive glyoxylyl group (—O—CHO). This group can then react through a reductive amination reaction with a primary amine born on the accessory functional side chain spacer of OM-197 type compounds.
For example, the synthetic peptide MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5) can be conjugated to an OM-197-MC-AC compound, as shown by the synthesis scheme of
LC/ES-MS analysis of the reaction mixture demonstrates the formation of an OM-197-MC-AC-MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5) conjugate of the expected molecular mass (2299.1 amu,
Other compounds bearing an amino-type accessory functional side chain spacer can be conjugated in a similar fashion. Mention is made, for example, of OM-197-MC-AP, OM-197-MP-AC, OM-212-AH1, OM-197-MC-gly, OM-197-MC-Lys, OM-197-Lys-AC or OM-197-Asp-AC.
Proteins, such as ovalbumin for instance, are particularly adapted to reductive amination coupling. The great number of lysine residues contained in the sequence (20 lysine residues for ovalbumin) are all potential conjugation sites for the dipeptide-like compounds bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer with an aldehyde functional group. By varying the stoichiometric ratio of the reductive amination reaction (acyl-dipeptide-like compound/protein), conjugation to a variable extent can be achieved.
1 mg of purified OM-197-FV7 (0.928 μmol., 10 eq.) was added to a solution of 4 mg of ovalbumin (0.09 μmol., 1 eq.) dissolved in 5 ml of H2O. The solution was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, before proceeding with a reduction step by adding 46 μl of 1M NaBH3CN (2.89 mg, 50 eq.) The solution was stirred for two hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was subsequently dialyzed against H2O for a period of 24 hours (3.5 kDa dialysis cassette, Slide-A-Lyzer, Pierce).
Owing to its size and its inherent heterogenous character, ovalbumin raises a great number of analytical problems. As a result, characterization of an OM-1976FV-ovalbumin conjugate by mass spectrometry may prove a very difficult task. To show that a conjugation reaction did occur, SDS-PAGE analysis were conducted on different batches of OM-197-FV-ovalbumin conjugates. As is apparent from the gel shown on
H1N1 hemagglutinin protein also provides a fine example intended to illustrate coupling between OM-197 type molecules and a protein antigen.
1 mg of purified OM-197-FV7 (0.928 μmol., 15 eq.) is added to a solution of 5 mg of H1N1 (hemagglutinin A/Beijing 262/95, Solvay Duphar, Weesp, NL) (0.06 μmol., 1 eq.) dissolved in 8 ml of H2O. The solution is stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, then the reduction step is performed by adding 46 μl of 1 M NaBH3CN (2.89 mg, 50 eq.) The solution is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is then dialyzed against H2O for 24 hours (3.5 kDa dialysis cassette).
The OM-197-FV-H1N1 conjugate is analyzed by SDS-PAGE in the same conditions used for OM-197-FV-ovalbumin conjugate (4-20% polyacrylamide gradient). The electrophoretic profiles obtained for the starting protein (lane 6) and the conjugate before and after dialysis (lanes 8 and 7, respectively) are shown on
To a solution of AZT (200 mg; 0.749 mmol.) in pyridine (4 ml), there are added in succession succinic anhydride (150 mg; 0.5 mmol.) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (50 mg; 0.41 mmol.) After being allowed to stand for 12 hours at 50° C., methanol (2 ml) is added and the reaction medium is stirred for further 15 minutes at room temperature. The reaction medium is then concentrated and the product is purified by flash chromatography on a silica gel using the following eluent: 5/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH. As a result, the product is obtained as a white solid (266 mg; 97%). C14H17N5O7 (M=367 g/mol.); Rf=0.25 (4/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH).
To a solution of a succinyl-AZT derivative thus obtained (60 mg 0.163 mmol.) in THF (3 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession triethylamine (24 μl; 0.172 mmol.) and ethyl chloroformate (14 μl; 0.172 mmol.). Rapid formation of a triethylamine hydrochloride precipitate is observed. After stirring for 40 minutes, addition is made of an aminocaproyl derivative solution (Ex. 2.16.) (160 mg; 0.163 mmol.) in a 9/1 DMF:water mixture (10 ml) containing triethylamine (24 μl; 0.172 mmol.). The reaction mixture is then stirred for 15° C. at 0° C. and thereafter overnight at room temperature before being evaporated under partial vacuum. The crude product is then taken up into dichloromethane (15 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer is separated. The aqueous layer is acidified with a 10% citric acid aqueous solution then extracted by dichloromethane (2×). The organic layers are then pooled, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel with the following eluent (9/1 then 7/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH), there is recovered the AZT-conjugated compound (123 mg; 57%) as a white solid. Rf=0.2 (4/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH); C69H119N9O16 (M=1329 g/mol). Found: m/z 1330.9 ([M+H]+).
Analytic HPLC: Retention time Tr=24.437 min., C18 Supelcosil Column (15 cm×4.6 mm, 3 μm, 100 Å); Solvent A=50% MeCN, 5 mM TBAP; Solvent B=90% 2-propanol, 5 mM TBAP. Gradient: 25-100% B within 37.5 min., UV detection at 210 nm.
Preparative HPLC: C18 Kromasil column (25 cm×21 mm, 5 μm, 100 Å), solvent A=50% MeCN, 5 mM TBAP; Solvent B=90% 2-propanol, 5 mM TBAP.
Final phase: flowing a Na+ salt by SPE, C18 Bondapack phase 15 μm, elution by 90% 2-propanol.
d4T Conjugates (
To a solution of d4T (200 mg; 0.89 mmol.) in pyridine (4 ml), there are added in succession succinic anhydride (179 mg; 0.786 mmol.) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (109 mg; 0.89 mmol.) After stirring for 12 hours at room temperature, methanol (2 ml) is added and the reaction medium is stirred for further 15 minutes at room temperature and finally evaporated. The crude product is then purified by flash chromatography on a silica gel using the following eluent: 5/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH. The resulting product is obtained as a white solid (280 mg; 97%). C24H26N2O7 (M=324 g/mol.); Rf=0.25 (4/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH)
To a solution of a succinyl-d4T derivative thus obtained (60 mg 0.185 mmol.) in THF (3 ml) at 0° C. and under argon flow, there are added in succession triethylamine (27 μl; 0.194 mmol.) and ethyl chloroformate (16 μl; 0.194 mmol.). Rapid formation of a triethylamine hydrochloride precipitate is observed. After stirring for 40 minutes, addition is made at 0° C. of an aminocaproyl derivative (Ex. 2.16.) (181 mg; 0.185 mmol.) in a 9/1 DMF:water mixture (10 ml) containing triethylamine (27 μl; 0.194 mmol.). The reaction mixture is then stirred for 15 min. at 0° C. and thereafter at room temperature before being evaporated under partial vacuum. The crude product is then taken up into dichloromethane (15 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer is separated. The aqueous layer is acidified with a 10% citric acid aqueous solution then extracted by dichloromethane (2×). The organic layers are then pooled, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. By running a flash chromatography purification on a silica gel with the following eluent (9/1 then 7/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH), there is recovered the d4T-conjugated compound (107 mg; 45%) as a white solid. Rf=0.2 (4/1 CH2Cl2/MeOH); C69H118N6O16 (M=1329 g/mol). Found: m/z 1288.9 (MH); 1310 (Na).
Analytic HPLC: Retention time Tr=24.455 min., C18 Supelcosil Column (15 cm×4.6 mm, 3 μm, 100 Å); Solvent A=50% MeCN, 5 mM TBAP; Solvent B=90% 2-propanol, 5 mM TBAP. Gradient: 25-100% B within 37.5 min., UV detection at 210 nm.
Preparative HPLC: C18 Kromasil column (25 cm×21 mm, 5 μm, 100 Å), solvent A=50% MeCN, 5 mM TBAP; Solvent B=90% 2-propanol, 5 mM TBAP.
Final phase: flowing a Na+ salt by SPE, C18 Bondapack phase 15 μm, elution by 90% 2-propanol.
Endotoxicity levels were determined by a time-course chromogenic Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate test (Charles River Endosafe, product R1708K, batch EK2251 E).
This LAL test was used to demonstrate that antigens coupled to the inventive compounds have low endotoxicity.
The biological principle on which this test is based consists in priming of a proenzyme present in Limulus amoeboycte lysate
(LAL) by bacterial endotoxins, which newly formed enzyme activates at its turn a serine-protease cascade. In presence of a colorless substrate (S-2834 peptide coupled with p-nitroaniline), cleavage of a chromophore finally results in the liberation of p-nitroaniline (pNA) and development of a yellow color which can be monitored with a spectrophotometer at 405 nm.
This time-course chromogenic test is based on the fact that endotoxin quantity is proportional to the reciprocal of the time period required to reach an optical density (O.D.) of 0.2. The concentration is determined in relation to a standard curve covering the 0.005-50 EU/ml range.
Products are tested using a (5-, 10-, 50-, 100-, 500- or 1000-fold) dilution of a 0.1 mg/ml product solution. LAL result corresponds to the lowest dilution which does no longer inhibit recovery of an LPS overload.
Results are expressed in EU (endotoxin unit) in relation to an international standard solution (EC-6). For this series of assays, 1 EU stands for 0.08 ng of E. coli strain 055:B5 LPS.
LAL Values Obtained for Various acyl-dipeptide-like Compounds Bearing an Accessory Functional Side Chain Spacer Having the General Formula I (Table Listing)
All tested dipeptide-like compounds show low endotoxicity levels. For many such products, this endotoxicity is even lower than assay sensitivity. Quantitative determination of endotoxicity is limited due to the fact that samples must be diluted in order to recover overload. Even the most active compounds in this LAL test display an endotoxicity level 5000-fold less than LPS.
Dipeptide-like compounds of the invention are interesting in view of their biological activities and low endotoxicity.
It is believed that coupling OM-197-FV to ovalbumin results in an increase in LAL activity actually detected. This increase may be ascribed to a change in how the OM-197-FV molecule is presented. The other products of the ovalbumin series all have equivalent LAL activities. LAL results are highly variable and a 3-fold to 4-fold difference between groups is non significant. Peak LAL activity is equal to 2.4 ng of LPS equivalent per injection (25 μg/shot) for the coupling reaction products, as for other groups, the peak LAL activity is equal to 0.012 ng of LPS equivalent per injection.
Products of the H1N1 series all have comparable LAL activities. LAL results are highly variable and a 3-fold to 4-fold difference between groups is non significant. Coupling has no effect on LAL activity. Peak LAL activity is equal to 0.008 ng of LPS equivalent per injection (5 μg/shot).
Products of the (NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 2) series all have comparable LAL activities. LAL results are highly variable and a 3-fold to 4-fold difference between groups is non significant. Coupling has no effect on LAL activity. Maximum LAL activity is equal 0.03 ng of LPS equivalent per injection (20 μg/shot).
6-week old male C57/BL6 mice are killed by CO2 inhalation. The hip, femur, tibia and hind leg bones are removed. The marrow is extracted from the bone lumen by injecting Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DH medium) from the end portions which had been excised. The stem cells are washed and suspended again in DH medium supplemented with 20% foetal calf serum (FCS) The cell concentration is adjusted to 500000 cells/ml.
Products previously dissolved in DH medium supplemented with 20% FCS, amino acids and antibiotics are serially diluted directly into a microtiter plate. The products are tested in triplicate and each microtiter plate includes a negative control containing plain medium. The final volume in each well is 100 μl.
100 μl of the cell suspension are added to diluted solutions of products and the cells are incubated for 7 days in an incubator at 37° C., under 8% CO2 and a moisture saturated atmosphere. Cell proliferation is determined by measuring the oxidation of a chromogenic substrate XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) in mitochondria of viable cells.
At the end of the incubation period, 50 μl of the XTT substrate solution (1 mg/ml XTT+0.008 mg/ml phenazine methosulfate) are added to each well. After an 8 hour incubation period at 37° C. under 8% CO2 in a moisture saturated incubator, the microtiter plates are read with a spectrophotometer at 492 nm against a reference sample at 690 nm.
Results are expressed as mean value±standard deviation and plotted as a dose versus response curve. Values for a negative control composed of DH medium (mean±standard deviation) are also graphically shown.
From this dose versus response curve, 3 curve variables are computed:
Max: maximum curve amplitude and corresponding concentration
EC50: concentration corresponding to 50% of maximum amplitude
Min: lowest concentration inducing a significant proliferation corresponding to the blank±3× standard deviation value
Concentration values corresponding to EC50 and Min are determined from line segments joining different points on the curve.
If the curve has no plateau phase but an ascending configuration for the highest concentration being tested, a “>” sign is shown before Max and EC50 values.
If the curve does not drop below the blank±3× standard deviation value, minimum concentration value is shown as “<” lowest concentration being tested.
Proliferation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Induced by Acyl-Dipeptide-Like Compounds Bearing an Accessory Functional Side Chain Spacer
Certain acyl-dipeptide-like compounds are able to induce proliferation to a greater extent than positive control, made up of E. coli LPS. Minimal product concentration capable of inducing a significant proliferation is higher than concentration used in positive control. This minimal product concentration is greatly affected by the particular accessory functional side chain spacer being used.
Bone Marrow Stem Cell Proliferation Induction Results by Various Acyl-Dipeptide-Like Compounds Bearing an Accessory Functional Side Chain Spacer Having the General Formula I (Table Listing)
E. coli LPS
All acyl-dipeptide-like compounds of the invention except compounds with short chains are capable of inducing significant bone marrow stem cell proliferation.
Six-week old male C57/BL6 mice are killed by CO2 inhalation. The hip, femur, tibia and posterior appendage bones are removed. The bone marrow is extracted from the bone lumen by injecting Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DH medium) from the end portions which had been excised. The stem cells are washed and resuspended (approximate cell concentration 4000 cells/ml) in DH medium supplemented with 20% equine serum (SH) and 30% L929 cell supernatant. L929 is a murine fibroblast cell line the supernatant fluid of which is rich in growth factor for macrophage cells (M-CSF). The cell suspension is divided into Petri dishes which are incubated for 8 days in an incubator at 37° C. under 8% CO2 and a moisture saturated atmosphere.
After 8 days, the stem cells have differentiated into mature macrophage cells. The macrophage cells are scraped off by rapid cooling, washed and resuspended in DH medium supplemented with 5% foetal calf serum (FCS), amino acids and antibiotics. The cell density is adjusted to 700 000 cells/ml.
Products previously dissolved in DH medium supplemented with 5% FCS, amino acids and antibiotics are serially diluted directly in microtiter plates. The products are tested in triplicates and each microtiter plate comprises a negative control containing plain medium. The final volume in each well is 100 μl.
100 μl of cell suspension are added to diluted solutions of such products and the cells are incubated for 22 hours in an incubator at 37° C., under 8% CO2 and a moisture saturated atmosphere. At the end of the incubation period with the products, 100 μl of supernatant are withdrawn and the nitrite concentration is determined by running a Griess reaction.
100 μl of Griess reagent (5 mg/ml of sulfanilamide+0.5 mg/ml of N-(1-naphtylethylene diamine hydrochloride)) in 2.5% aq. phosphoric acid, are added to each well. The microtiter plates are read with a spectrophotometer at 562 nm wavelength against a reference sample at 690 nm. The nitrite concentration is proportional to nitric oxide content being formed. The nitrite content is determined based on a standard curve.
The results are given as mean value±standard deviation and plotted as a dose versus response curve.
From this dose versus response curve, 3 curve variables are computed:
Max: maximum curve amplitude and corresponding concentration
EC50: concentration corresponding to 50% of maximum amplitude
Min: lowest concentration inducing a significant proliferation corresponding to the blank±3× standard deviation value
Concentration values corresponding to EC50 and Min are determined from line segments joining different points on the curve.
If the curve has no plateau phase but an ascending configuration for the highest concentration being tested, a “>” sign is shown before “Max” and “EC50” values.
If the curve does not drop below the blank±3× standard deviation, minimum concentration value is shown as “<” lowest concentration being tested.
Nitric Oxide Production by Murine Macrophage Cells Induced by Acyl Dipeptide-Like Compounds Bearing an Accessory Functional Side Chain Spacer
OM-197-MP-AC (R/S, R) is capable of inducing a higher proliferation response as compared to positive control made up of E. coli LPS. Minimal product concentration capable of inducing a significant proliferation is nonetheless far lower than positive control concentration. NO production by murine macrophage cells challenged by acyl dipeptide-like compounds is greatly affected by the particular accessory functional side chain spacer being used.
Nitric Oxide Induced Production Results in Murine Macrophage Cells by Various Acyl-Dipeptide-like Compounds Bearing an Accessory Functional Side Chain Spacer Having the General Formula I (Table Listing)
E. coli LPS (positive
All acyl-dipeptide-like compounds of the invention except compounds with short chains (minor production for OM-197-N′(C10-2OC8)-MC-AC) are capable of inducing a significant nitric oxide production by murine macrophage cells.
The ability of products of the invention to induce maturation of predendritic cells into dendritic cells was assessed. The following parameters were measured: FITC-Dextran conjugate take-up and expression of CD83, CD86 surface markers.
Mononucleated cells of peripheral blood are isolated from buffy coats of healthy donors. Purified monocytes by adherence selection are resuspended in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% of foetal calf serum (FCS), GM-CSF and IL-4 (10 ng/ml) at a density of 1×106 cells/ml. Cells are divided into Petri Dishes (10×106 cells per dish) and cultured for 6 days with a change to fresh medium after 3 days. Cells thus obtained are called predendritic cells (DC-6). Maturation of predendritic cells into mature dendritic cells is achieved by incubating cells with diluted solutions of the products or LPS (positive control) for 3 more days (see product section below). At day 9 (DC-9), cells are harvested and analyzed for different indicators of dendritic cell maturation: assessment of CD83, CD86 surface marker expression as well as of their ability to take up FITC-Dextran conjugate. All these parameters are analyzed by an EPICS-XL-MCL model FACS (Coulter Immunology, Hialeah, Finland).
Expression of surface markers is given as % of mean fluorescence of LPS-activated cells (positive control); FITC-Dextran conjugate take-up rate is calculated based on take-up of cells maintained in basic medium and is expressed in %.
Products: Stock solutions of OM-197-MC, OM-197-FV6 and OM-197-MP-AC (R/S, R) are prepared at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml in 0.9% NaCl/water, with addition of 0.1% triethanolamine. Solutions are incubated at 37° C. for 20 minutes, subjected to vigorous stirring during 3 minutes and then diluted to 100 μg/ml in RPMI-1640 culture medium and used in diluted state at concentrations ranging from 10 μg/ml to 0.03 μg/ml.
Reference Product: E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, DIFCO, Detroit, Mich., U.S.A.), as a 5 mg/ml stock solution in PBS. An intermediate 100 μg/ml solution is prepared in RPMI 1640 culture medium. Concentrations of dilute solutions being tested range from 1 μg/ml to 0.03 μg/ml.
In another series of experiments, all acyl dipeptide-like compounds were freeze-dried and directly redissolved into pyrogen-free water. Different products as well as LPS control are tested at a concentration of 10 μg/ml. Results are given as % of dendritic cells and mean fluorescence value for dextran phagocytosis or CD86 surface marker expression. These results stand for the mean value of 2 to 6 experiments depending on the product being used.
Immature dendritic cells (DC-6) resulting from monocyte differentiation, through the joint action of GM-CSF and IL-4, are able to incorporate FITC-Dextran conjugate. During the maturation process, cells lose their ability to incorporate the FITC-Dextran conjugate. Assays are conducted upon reaching the DC-9 differentiation stage.
Results (
Expression of co-stimulation surface markers is another criterion to assess DC maturation. Rise in expression of CD83, CD86 (
The foregoing data show that acyl-dipeptide-like compounds act very differently depending on the selected accessory side chain spacer. OM-197-MP-AC (R/S, R) displays an outstanding ability to induce differentiation of DC-6 cells into DC-9 cells in concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/ml, whereas concentrations greater than 1 μg/ml are required for OM-197-MC to initiate differentiation, and OM-197-FV6 does totally lack such an activity.
Fluorescein-Labelled Dextran Phagocytosis and CD86 Expression after Predendritic Cell (CD6) Stimulation by Acyl Dipeptide-Like Compounds Bearing an Accessory Functional Side Chain Spacer Having the General Formula I
At a concentration of 10 μg/ml, a great number of acyl dipeptide-like compounds are able to induce differentiation of predendritic cells into dendritic cells. The functional group born by the accessory side chain spacer regulates this ability to activate predendritic cells.
Acyl-dipeptide-like compound OM-197-MC-AC-Succ-AZT coupled to a drug has a significant ability to induce differentiation into dendritic cells. The way acyl-dipeptide-like compounds are formulated has a determining effect on their ability to induce predendritic cell differentiation into dendritic cells. The activity of certain products varies to a great extent depending on whether said products are dissolved in presence or absence of 0.1% TEOA.
The ability of products of the invention to induce production of antiviral MxA protein by predendritic cells has been assessed. MxA production by cells was measured after an SDS-PAGE electrophoretic separation by a Western Blot assay
DC-6 Staged dendritic cells obtained as described above were either activated or not with α IFN (500 U/ml), LPS (1 μg/ml), TRANCE (100 ng/ml), CD40L (1 μg/ml), OM-197-MP-AC (1 μg/ml) or OM-197-FV6 (1 μg/ml) for 48 hours. Extraction and analysis of protein was conducted as follows: cells were harvested, then washed 3 times with PBS (phosphate buffered saline) and lyzed with a 100 Mm Tris-HCl buffer, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 1% Triton-100 containing 1 mM PMSF (phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride) and 1 μ/ml of pepstatin as protease inhibitors. Lysis was carried out at a density of 106 cells for 100 μl of (5×) buffer containing 60 mM Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 10% glycerol, 2% SDS, 14.4 mM 2-mercaptoethanol and 0.1% bromophenol). Samples were heated up to 95° C. for 5 min. in sealed Eppendorf tubes. Electrophoresis was performed on a 10 cm×10 cm 12% acrylamide minigel by running a sample having the same number of cells. Migration was effected with the following buffer: 25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine, 0.1% SDS, pH 8.3.
Blotting: Protein are blotted from an SDS-PAGE gel to a nitrocellulose membrane (blotting buffer 25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine, methanol pH 8.3)
Incubation with Antibodies—Blotting was demonstrated by dyeing the membrane with Ponceau Red. Non specific bonding sites on the membrane were blocked with 5% skimmed milk in TBS (10 mM Tris-HCl, 150 Mm NaCl, pH 7.4) and allowing to stand for 1 hour at room temperature. The membrane was washed 3 times with TBS-0.1% Tween 20. The membrane was incubated with an anti-MxA monoclonal antibody solution (clone 143) previously diluted 100-fold (vol./vol.) in TBS-milk. The membrane was incubated with a second peroxidase coupled anti-mouse antibody (HRP, Sigma) previously diluted 1000-fold (vol./vol.). The membrane was washed three times with TBS-Tween. Bands containing MxA were revealed by incubation of the membrane with chemiluminescent reagents (ECL, Amersham Pharmacia). In this system, HRP catalyzes a luminol-mediated chemiluminescent reaction which can be detected on a photographic film.
DC-9 cells were activated for 0, 2 hr, 4 hr, 24 hr (
Western Blots shown on
Compounds according to the invention OM-197-MP-AC and OM-197-FV6 show antiviral properties by virtue of their capacity to induce MxA-protein production
Mononuclear cells of peripheral blood are recovered from buffy coats of 6 healthy donors. Such buffy coat cells are resuspended and mononuclear cells are isolated by centrifugation on a Ficoll-Paque gradient (Amersham Pharmacia). Purified mononuclear cells are resuspended into RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FCS, antibiotics, mercaptoethanol and L-glutamine. Cell concentration is adjusted to 2×106 viable cells/ml
100 μl of each one of these solutions of acyl dipeptide-like compounds bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer, diluted 100-, 10- or 1-fold in RPMI medium 1640, are dispensed into a microtiter plate. Samples are tested in triplicates, and each microtiter plate includes a negative control made up of plain medium. Dilutions of E. coli LPS (ranging grom 1 to 0.00001 μg/ml) are used as a positive control.
100 μl of the cell suspension are added to each well containing product dilute solutions or control. Cells are incubated with the products for 18 hours in an incubator at 37° C., under 5% CO2 and a moisture saturated atmosphere.
At the end of the incubation period, microtiter plates are centrifuged, and the supernatant fluids are pooled and frozen at −80° C. as aliquots until time of ELISA assay.
Concentration of α TNF secreted by mononuclear cells is determined by chemiluminescent ELISA (QuantiGlo #QTAOO R&D kit). 4-fold supernatant fluid dilutions are dispensed into each well of the microtiter plate to which anti-αTNF antibodies are bound. The microtiter plate is incubated for 4 hours at room temperature. After washing, peroxidase-conjugated anti-human a TNF antibody is added. Following a 2 hour incubation period and thorough washing, a chemiluminescent substrate is added and chemilunescence is read after 20 minutes. α TNF content in the supernatant fluid is determined with respect to a standard curve covering the 7000 to 0.7 pg/ml range.
Results are expressed in pg/ml of α TNF produced. Results derive from an experiment representative of acyl-dipeptide-like compound activity
Induction of α TNF production by acyl dipeptide-like compounds bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer having the general formula I in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Negative control comprised of RPMI medium induced a baseline α-TNF production below test sensitivity level of 0.7 mg/ml.
Induction of TNF production by E. coli. LPS in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
E. coli LPS in μg/ml
Positive control made up of E. coli LPS elicits high production of αTNF even for the lowest concentrations tested.
Most acyl-dipeptide-like compounds induce substantial α TNF-production even though production level is less than what is seen for the positive control. Greater concentrations are required with respect to LPS to induce a significant production of αTNF.
Certain compounds like OM-197-MC and OM-197-MC-MP induce a significant production level only at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.
Amine functional group is of particular interest for inducing αTNF production as seen on one hand, by increasing amplitude and decreasing minimal product concentration required to induce a significant production on the other.
Short chain acyl-dipeptide-like compounds OM-197-N′C2-MC-AC and OM-197-N′(C10-20C8)-MC-AC do not induce any αTNF production even at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.
Mononuclear cells of peripheral blood are recovered from buffy coats of 6 healthy donors. Such buffy coat cells are resuspended and mononuclear cells are isolated by centrifugation on a Ficoll-Paque gradient (Amersham Pharmacia). Purified mononuclear cells are resuspended into RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FCS, antibiotics, mercaptoethanol and L-glutamine. Cell concentration is adjusted to 2×106 viable cells/ml.
Product mediated Inhibition is determined by preincubating those products with mononuclear cells, and adding, 1 hour later, serially diluted solutions of LPS capable of inducing α TFN production. Inhibitory concentration of different acyl dipeptide-like products bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer was found to be 10 μg/ml. E. coli LPS is serially diluted (10-fold dilution) to be in the range of 1 to 0.00001 μg/ml
50 μl of 10 μg/ml dilute product solutions in RPMI 1640 medium are dispensed into a microtiter plate. Each assay (10 μg/ml product concentration+dilute E. coli LPS) is run in triplicates and each microtiter plate includes a negative control comprised of plain medium. LPS-induced α TNF production (without inhibitor) is determined by adding E. coli LPS dilutions to RPMI medium.
100 μl of the cell suspension are added to each well containing dilutions of either product or control. Cells are incubated with the products for 1 hour in an incubator at 37° C., under 5% CO2 and a moisture saturated atmosphere.
At the end of the pre-incubation period, 50 μl of serially diluted solutions of E. coli LPS are added. Incubation of mononuclear cells with the product and LPS is extended for 18 hours. At the end of the cell activation period, the microtiter plates are centrifuged, and the supernatants are pooled and frozen at −80° C. as aliquots until time of ELISA assay.
Concentration of αTNF secreted by mononuclear cells is determined by chemiluminescent ELISA (QuantiGlo #QTAOO R&D kit). 4-fold dilutions of supernatant fluid are dispensed into each well of the microtiter plate to which anti-human αTNF antibodies are bound. The microtiter plate is incubated for 4 hours at room temperature. After washing, peroxidase-conjugated anti-human αTNF antibody is added. Following a 2 hour incubation period and a thorough washing, a chemiluminescent substrate is added and chemilunescence is read after 20 minutes. αTNF content in the supernatant fluid is determined with respect to a standard curve covering the 7000 to 0.7 pg/ml range.
Inhibition is characterized by the E. coli LPS concentration which elicits 50% production of α TNF during co-incubation in comparison to a control including only RPMI. This concentration increases as product inhibition activity becomes stronger. Knowing inhibition values of α TNF production, this concentration is given by calculating 100-(αTNF production induced by product and LPS)/(αTNF production induced by LPS alone)*100. From these inhibition data, concentration is determined by linear regression along the line segment which joins 2 LPS dilutions giving approx. 50% inhibition.
Product ability to inhibit α TNF production in mononuclear cells in response to LPS is further characterized by maximum inhibition. LPS concentration corresponding to this maximum inhibition level (inhibition>95%) is also representative of product inhibitory potency. Results are calculated from a representative experience using all products.
Inhibition of α TNF production in response to LPS in human mononuclear cells by acyl dipeptide-like compounds bearing an accessory functional side chain spacer having the general formula I
All acyl-dipeptide-like compounds are able to induce inhibition of TNF production in response to E. coli LPS. Product concentration required to achieve this inhibition depends on the particular accessory functional side chain spacer and length of fatty acid chains. Even acyl-dipeptide-like compounds coupled to a drug by an ester bond are able to induce such an inhibition.
PBMC were recovered from buffy coats according to the procedure previously described in example 4.6. Briefly stated, after centrifugation over a Ficoll gradient and 3 washing steps, PBMC were divided into a 6-well plate at a density of 3×106 cells/ml in 3 ml of RPMI containing 10% FCS and incubated either in medium alone or stimulated with γ IFN (1000 U/ml), LPS (1 μg/ml), OM-197-AC5 (1 μg/ml), or OM-197-FV6 (1 μg/ml). Cells were incubated under such conditions for 24 hours. K562 cells (human leukemia cell line, ATCC #CCL 243, 20110-2209 Manassas (Va.), U.S.A.) were maintained in culture using RPMI medium containing 10% FCS and subjected to 2 passages per week.
In order to make cytotoxicity measurement, PBMC and K562 cells were washed twice in HBSS and resuspended in Phenol Red-free RPMI medium containing 5% FCS. PBMC were divided into a round bottom 96-well plate so as to achieve a PBMC/target ratio of 20/1, 10/1 and 5/1 in 50 μl volume. 5000 K562 cells (target) were added in each well using 50 μl of Phenol Red-free RPMI. Final volume was 100 μl. The plate was centrifuged to promote contact then incubated at 37° C. for 4 hours.
Cytotoxicity was assayed using a non radioactive CytoTox 96 kit based on measuring LDH release during cell lysis (kit #G1780, batch #124100, Promega, Madison, Wis.) according to the supplier's instructions.
The percentage of cytotoxicity was calculated according to the following equation:
Compounds OM-197-AC5 and OM-197-FV6 induce an NK activity level which is comparable or slightly inferior to that induced by LPS when tested at the same concentration (1 μg/ml).
Spleenic cells derived from a group of 4 naive CBA mice are pooled, cultured in quadriplicate either in absence or presence of OM-197-MP-AC adjuvant (0.1 to 10 μg/ml). Cell proliferation response is assessed by measuring triturated thymidine (3H-TdR) take-up after 1 or 2 days of culture. Values reported in the table stand for the arithmetic mean±standard deviation of 4 cultures.
Adjuvants: OM-197-MP-AC stock solution is prepared at a concentration of 0.9 mg/ml in water for injection to which 0.1% triethanolamine is added.
Results
OM-197-MP-AC product triggers spleenic cell proliferation in vitro. This effect which is seen to be at a peak level after one day of culture, results in a 5-fold increase of thymidine take-up at a concentration of 1 μg/ml and a 12-fold increase of thymidine take-up at a concentration of 10 μg/ml After one day of culture, OM-197-MP-AC product, at a concentration of 1 μg/ml, exerts a powerful mitogenic effect of the same magnitude as Concanavalin A at 5 μg/ml. (see Table 1).
3H-TdR take-up
Data reported in the above table stand for mean±SD of take-measurements for quadriplicate cultures. (5 μg/ml) concanavaline A used as a positive control results in a thymidine take-up of 37.5±6.2×103 cpm after one day of culture.
T MT-4 lymphocyte cell line which had been transformed into a continuous cell line by an HTLV infection, a virus associated with one form of leukemia, was used to test the antiviral activity (anti-HIV) of AZT- and d4T-conjugated compounds according to the invention, respectively. A characteristic feature of such cells is lack of survival following an HIV infection. The test is based on protection provided by the product (like AZT) against this viral destructive effect. Products were tested in serially diluted solutions in a 96-well plate. In the upper portion of the microplate, products were tested by incubation at various concentrations with cells and virus (in triplicate), so as to determine the concentration of product which affords cell protection against the viral destructive effect. IC50 of the product is taken as the concentration where a 50% loss of viable cell count is recorded. Viable cell count was done with MTT, a yellow tetrazolium compound which undergoes enzymatic reduction (at the mitochondrial level in viable cells) into a purple colored formazan compound. Wells containing viable cells are purple in colour, whereas dead cells give a persistent yellow color. Measurement of optical density (O.D.) allows this effect to be quantified.
Cytotoxicity of a given product is assessed in the same manner in the lower portion of the plate where the test is conducted by incubating serially diluted products over virus-free cells, to thereby determine the toxic effect of products on cells. The result is given as CC50, i.e. the concentration at which 50% of cells are dead due to product toxicity. Selectivity (selectivity index, SI) of a given product is defined as a CC50/IC50 ratio. This parameter is of great importance since the selectivity index of a fairly efficient product is high.
Conjugates obtained by coupling products according to the invention to AZT (OM-197-LC-succ-AZT) or d4T have antiviral activities directed against HIV 1 IIIB and HIV 2 ROD. Results of two experiments (run in triplicates) on MT-4 cells are given below:
AZT or d4T-conjugated inventive compounds display antiviral activities in this MT-4 cell model. One advantage of such prodrugs lies on one hand in that conjugates have a lipid structure which makes it possible to target compounds to the infected cells by releasing antiviral substances into the virus reservoir and in their ability to regulate the immunological activity of target cells on the other.
Preparation of Dendritic Cells
The marrow was aspirated from the femur and tibia bones of (C57BI/6, 6 to 8 week-old) mice. The marrow suspension was screened through a 70 μm cell sieve in order to obtain a single cell suspension. Marrow cells were resuspended into Isocove's modified Dulbecco medium (IMDM) supplemented with 10% of heat inactivated foetal calf serum (iFCS) and antibiotics. Cells were incubated overnight at 37° C., under CO2 and a moisture saturated atmosphere, inside 6-well microtiter plates. Next day (day 0), non adherent cells were collected and washed. Viable cells were counted by trypan blue dye exclusion test. Cell concentration was adjusted to 2×105 cells/ml in IMDM containing ng/ml of murine recombinant GM-CSF and 20 ng/ml of murine recombinant IL-4 (rmIL-4) and plates were further incubated. On the 3rd day, there were added freshly prepared mGM-CSF and rmIL-4 at a concentration of 10 ng/ml. On the 6th day, non adherent cells were collected, washed and counted by trypan blue dye exclusion. Cell concentration was adjusted to 2×105 cells/ml in IMDM containing 10 ng/ml of rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4, and plates were further incubated. On the 8th day, non adherent cells made up of both mature and immature dendritic cells (CD-DM) were collected and used in product co-incubation experiments.
Incubation with products according to the invention: CD-DM were incubated at a concentration of 5×105 cells/ml in 24-well microtiter plates in presence of the following activators: Esherichia coli strain 0111:B4 LPS as positive control, IMDM as negative control; as well as 2 compounds in go accordance with the invention: OM-197-MC-FV5 and OM-197-PM-AC at a concentration of 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/ml. After a 48 hour incubation period, cells were collected and stored for flow cytometry analysis
Flow cytometry analysis CD-DM were washed with PBS containing 2% iFCS and 0.01% sodium azide (FACS buffer). Then, cells were incubated on ice for 30 minutes with optimal concentrations of anti-CD86 antibody; anti-CD40 antibody, FITC conjugated anti-MCHII antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated anti-CD80 antibody. Then, cells were washed 3 times. Labeling of anti-CD86 and anti-CD40 antibodies was performed by incubating cells on ice for 30 minutes with peroxidase-conjugated donkey anti-rat immunoglobulins. Following incubation, cells were washed and resuspended into FACS medium. Fluorescence was measured with the aid of FACScan® flow cytometry. 15000 pulse events were analyzed per sample. Cells which had been incubated with the conjugate alone were used as a negative control.
Cell Expression
Products in accordance with the invention are capable of inducing maturation of predendritic cells into dendritic cells. These results obtained in vitro are consistent with observations made in mice in vivo.
In vivo, i.v. and s.c. administration of OM-197-MP-AC at a concentration of 20 μg and 5 μg per mouse, respectively, induce maturation and migration of dendritic cells into the spleen, from the marginal zone (located between red and white pulp) to the white pulp where T cells are found. Immunostaining of histological slides taken from spleen of animals treated with products of the invention reveal colocalization of mature dendritic cells and T cells in the white cortex, as is seen with LPS treatment, whereas in untreated animals, no migration and maturation are observed.
Antigen: (NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO:2) peptide comprises a recurrent (NANP) (SEQ ID NO:12) sequence of Plasmodium falciparum and two sequences of tetanus toxin (P2: 830-843 and P30: 947-967). This peptide is known as a T helper epitope and has shown its capacity to induce a strong prolonged immune response in presence of common adjuvants. Such a peptide has been obtained by synthesis means according to a method disclosed in the literature (Valmori et al., 1992, J. Immunol., 149: 717-721). Antigen stock solution is prepared at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml in a 0.9% NaCl/water mixture at pH 8.0.
Adjuvants: Stock solutions of dipeptide-like compounds (OM-197-MP, OM-197-FV6 and OM-197-MC) are prepared at a concentration of mg/ml in 0.9% NaCl-water, to which 0.1% triethanolamine is added. The positive control is comprised of Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA from Difco, Detroit, Mich., U.S.A.) with the negative control being a 0.9% NaCl/water solution.
Throughout this experimental procedure, the antigen and adjuvant are formulated in the form of a mixture or conjugates as previously described. Two types of conjugates (OM-197-FV)n-(NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO:2) were tested. The extent of coupling of such products is variable, i.e. 1, 2 or 3 molecules of OM-197-FV may be found on a single peptide molecule (mixture of mono-, bi- and triconjugates, n=1, 2, and 3, respectively), i.e., 1 molecule of OM-197-FV per one peptide molecule (monoconjugate, n=1).
Immunization schedule: 6-week old female BALB/c mice (6 mice per group) are immunized twice, with a subcutaneous shot in the tail end containing 0.1 ml. Amounts administered are 20 μg of antigen plus 50 μg of adjuvant during the first shot and 10 μg of antigen plus 50 μg of adjuvant during the second shot. In case of conjugates, the antigen portion is critical in determining the injected dose. 18
Table Listing of Experimental Groups:
Immunization and Sampling Schedule:
Blood Sampling:
Serum Preparation:
Blood sampling is conducted at weeks 0 & 5. Blood is allowed to stand for 60 min. at 37° C., and then is kept overnight at 4° C. Serum is subsequently frozen at −80° C. until time of antibody assay.
Assay of IgG antibodies specifically raised against (NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 2) antigen is performed by an ELISA technique. Binding of antigen is done in 96-well microtiter plates (Maxisorp F96, Nunc, DK) by conducting an overnight incubation in a moist chamber at 4° C. with each well containing 0.1 ml of PBS (phosphate buffered saline) containing 0.001 mg/ml (NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 2) antigen. Blocking of the microtiter plate is performed with PBS containing 1% of bovine serum albumin (BSA, Fluka, Switzerland). Plates are washed with PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20 (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.). Serum samples collected at 5 weeks are serially diluted with dilution buffer (PBS containing 2.5% of skimmed milk powder and 0.05% of Tween 20), then transferred into a microtiter plate and allowed to stand for 1 hr. at room temperature (RT). Plates are then washed with PBS. A dilute solution containing mouse polyclonal anti-immunoglobulin G antibody coupled to alkaline phosphatase (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.) is then dispensed into those plates and incubated for 1 hr. at RT. Plates are washed with PBS and specific antibodies are revealed by a color reaction involving addition of an alkaline phosphatase substrate, p-nitrophenylphosphate (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.). Absorbance at 405 nm is read with a microtiter plate reader (Dynatech 25000 ELISA reader, Ashford, Middlesex, UK), each serum sample is measured in duplicate. Results stand for the mean of all absorbance measurements at 405 nm relating to mice in each group.
Production of IgG antibodies specifically directed to (NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO:2) antigen, as determined by ELISA, is graphically shown for mice administered one, two and three immunization shots (
Two shots of an antigen+adjuvant mixture (OM-197-FV or OM-197-MC) induce a serologic response which is greatly superior to the one observed when injecting antigen alone. Immunization with the OM-197-FV-(NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO:2) monoconjugate induces an IgG response which is slightly greater than the one obtained with the antigen+OM-197-FV6 mixture. Higher coupling rate for (OM-197-FV)1,2,3-(NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 2) does not improve the serologic response directed to this antigen. The mixture containing OM-197-MP adjuvant and OM-197-FV-(NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 2) monoconjugate does result in a significantly higher serologic response against this antigen that exceeds values obtained for the positive control consisting of (NANP)6P2P30 (SEQ ID NO: 2)+IFA.
Similar results are obtained when the antibody is captured by an ELISA technique using (NANP)6NA (SEQ ID NO: 13) peptide as antigen (
This study is aimed at comparing the serologic response induced by injecting an adjuvant+antigen mixture (OM-197-MP+ovalbumin) with the one elicited by a conjugate based on the same antigen (OM-197-FV-ovalbumin). To this end, 30 BALB/c mice (females, aged 8 weeks at the beginning of treatment) were divided into 3 groups as follows
Solutions:
After a second washing step, IgG1, IgG2a and IgM specifically directed to ovalbumin were incubated for 30 minutes at 37° C. together with 100 μl of anti-IgG1 antibodies (anti-mouse rat antibody)-peroxidase conjugate (Serotec, Oxford, UK), IgG2a-peroxidase conjugate (Pharmingen, San Diego, Calif., U.S.A.) and IgM-biotin conjugate (Pharmingen, San Diego, Calif., U.S.A.), diluted beforehand in PBS/BSA/Tween buffer (250-, 1000-, 500-fold dilutions, respectively). For IgM, after an extra washing step, a 3rd incubation step was required (30 min. at 37° C.) with a 1:100 dilute solution of streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate (Dako, Glostrup, DK).
After the washing step, 100 μl of a phenylene 1,2-diamine solution (OPD, Merck, Darmstadt, GFR) were added to detect peroxidase-coupled anti-IgG1 secondary antibodies whereas for IgG2a and IgM, the reagent used was 3′,3′,5′,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB, Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.). After a 20 minute incubation period at room temperature, the reaction was stopped by adding 100 μl of 2NH2SO4. Absorbance values were read at 490 nm with a Bio-Rad 3550 model plate reader.
Results of each 490 nm reading are given in arbitrary units (A.U.) per ml. This is achieved by comparing each sample with a standard sample prepared from different dilutions of a sample pool collected from group A at 28 days (animals injected with ovalbumin alone). As clearly understood by this term, the sample pool diluted 50-fold is at a concentration of 1000 A.U./ml. Individual results are then corrected for the corresponding dilution factor (50-, 200-, or 800-fold) and are shown at
These results indicate that the OM-137-FV-ovalbumin conjugate is a particularly effective immunogen in the model under study, since it increases significantly the titer of specific antibody to ovalbumin in mice after the second injection, irrespective of the immunoglobulin subclass being analyzed (IgG1, IgG2a and IgM). In particular, there is a striking increase of anti-ovalbumin IgG2a (
Ovalbumin+OM-197-MP non covalent mixture gives rise to an IgG2a response lower than what is seen with the conjugate.
This study is designed to compare the serologic response induced by injecting an adjuvant+antigen mixture (OM-197+H1N1) to that elicited by a conjugate based on the same antigen (OM-197-FV-H1N1). To this end, 30 BALB/c mice (females, 8 weeks-old at the beginning of treatment) are divided into 3 groups as follows:
Each stock solution is incubated for 15 minutes at 37° C. and 135 μl of (14%) NaCl are then added to 2 ml of each solution. The whole mixture is vortexed for 3 minutes.
Injections are scheduled on days 0 and 14. Solutions are administered subcutaneously (50 μl at 2 different sites, with a total of 100 μl per animal). Blood sampling is scheduled on day 14 (retro-orbital puncture).
IgM antibodies specifically directed to H1N1 were assayed in duplicate by ELISA. Briefly stated, microtiter plates (NUNC Immunoplate, Roskilde, DK) were incubated (overnight coating) at 4° C. with 100 μl H1N1 (0.5 μg) in bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.6). After washing with 0.5% Tween-20 (Merck Hohenbrunn, D), sera were diluted 50-, 200-, and 800-fold (diluting solution: phosphate buffered saline (PBS)+1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.)+0.02% Tween-20)). 100 μl of each dilute serum sample were added to the wells. Incubation lasted 45 minutes at 37° C.
After a second washing step, IgM specifically directed to H1N1 are incubated for 30 minutes at 37° C. together with 100 μl of anti-IgM antibody (rat anti-mouse antibody)-biotin conjugate (Pharmingen, San Diego, Calif., U.S.A.), diluted beforehand in a Tween buffer (500-fold dilution). After an extra washing step, a 3rd incubation period is required (30 min. at 37° C.) with a 1:100 dilute solution of streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate (Dako, Glostrup, DK).
After the washing step, 100 μl of a 3′,3′,5′,5′-tetramethylbenzidine solution (TMB, Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.) are added to detect peroxidase-coupled anti-IgM secondary antibodies. After a 20 minute incubation period at room temperature, the reaction is stopped by adding 100 μl of 2NH2SO4. Absorbance values are read at 490 nm with a Bio-Rad 3550 model plate reader.
Results of each 490 nm reading are given in arbitrary units (A.U.) per ml. This is achieved by comparing each sample with a standard prepared from variable dilutions of a sample pool collected from group A (animals injected with H1N1 alone) at 28 days. As the term implies, the sample pool diluted 50-fold is at a concentration of 1000 A.U./ml. Individual results are then corrected for the corresponding dilution factor (50, 200, or 800-fold) and are shown on
Mice immunized with an OM-197-FV-H1N1 conjugate show an anti-H1N1 IgM antibody titer greater than control consisting either of H1N1 antigen alone, or of an OM-197-MP+H1N1 mixture.
CBA mice were administered through the tail a single subcutaneous injection (100 μl) of Leishmania parasite LmCPb antigen (3 μg per mouse)±adjuvant. Two groups of 6 mice each were formed and received the following treatments: antigen alone (control group) and antigen+50 μg OM-197-MP-AC respectively. Eleven days after injection, inguinal and periaortic lymph node cells (2 groups of 3 mice each) were cultured in triplicate in presence of purified LmCPb antigen or whole extract of the parasite (amastigote). At day 4, a supernatant sample is withdrawn and stored at −20° C. for IL-4 and γ IFN assay. Finally, tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) is added to the cultures to measure the proliferation reaction.
Cytokine assay is carried out by a sandwich ELISA assay (OptEIA®) kits for γ IFN and IL-4, BD, PharMingen, Basel, Switzerland) and the proliferation response is determined by measuring thymidine take-up (3H-TdR). 3H-TdR take-up given in cpm as the arithmetic mean value±standard deviation (8 pools of 3 mice each) and IL-4 concentration given in pg/ml are individually reported for each pool of 3 mice as the arithmetic mean of two measurements (cytokine assay).
Antigen:
An LmCPb stock solution is prepared at a concentration of 150 μg/ml in PBS
Adjuvants: The stock solution of OM-294-MP-AC is prepared at a concentration of 0.9 mg/ml in water for injection, with addition of 0.1% triethanolamine.
Antigen-adjuvant mixture: Adjuvant preparation (4 volumes), which had been adjusted to an adequate final concentration in sterile PBS, is mixed just prior to injection with the antigen stock solution (1 volume).
In CBA mice immunized with Leishmania LmCPb antigen, a single 50 μg dose of OM-197-MP-AC is sufficient to induce an increase (2 to 6-fold) in lymph node cell proliferation as measured in vitro in response to purified antigen (in the range of 0.6 to 15 μg/ml) or a whole extract of amastigote stage parasite (in the range of 2 to 50×10−6/ml). These results are reported in Table 1. Furthermore, treatment of mice by OM-197-MC-AC reveals substantial quantities of IL-4 in the supernatant fluid of lymph node cell cultures challenged with the parasite antigen (see Table 2) whereas γ IFN production was undetected (<100 pg/ml).
OM-294-MP-AC adjuvant potentiates specific T response in vitro in CBA mice which have been immunized with LmCPb (an abundant protease during the amastigote stage of the Leishmania parasite) as assayed by lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Moreover, this adjuvant promotes development of anti-LmCPb lymphocytes which secrete substantial quantities of IL-4.
This experiment is aimed at evaluating the capacity of acyl dipeptide-like compounds bearing an accessory side chain spacer when grafted or in admixture with a PyCS 252-260 synthetic peptide derived from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium yoelli, to induce a humoral or cell mediated immune response specifically directed against this peptide
Formulation of antigens with adjuvants: Synthetic peptide PyCS 252-260 corresponding to the T cell epitope of circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium yoelli has the following sequence SYVPSAEQI (SEQ ID NO: 1) (Table 1). Peptide 2 MR99B (SERSYVPSAEQI) (SEQ ID NO: 5) was obtained by adding SER amino acids to the N-terminal end and peptide 1 MR99A (KGGKGGKSERSYVPSAEQI) (SEQ ID NO: 11) was obtained by adding lysine-glycine-glycine amino acids to the N-terminal end of the previously disclosed MR99B (SEQ ID NO: 5) peptide. Peptides were obtained by solid phase synthesis (F-moc, according to the Merrifield and Atherton synthesis method (Atherton et al., Bioorg Chem., 8: 350-351, 1979) using reagents and solvents purchased from Bachem Feinchemikallien (Buddendorf, Switzerland), Novabiochem (Laufelfingen, Switzerland) and Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Peptides were purified by reverse phase HPLC.
Mono- and polypeptide conjugates with acyl dipeptide-like compounds bearing an accessory side chain spacer (OM-197-MC-FV)4 peptides were obtained as described above in Example 3.6. ([OM-197-MC-FV) and Example 3.5. (OM-197-MC-FV-peptide 2). Final sterile solutions of the peptide conjugates were freeze-dried.
Mouse immunization regimen: Antigen dose corresponds to 20 μg of peptide 2 per mouse and per injection (Table 2). Before injection, freeze-dried preparations are taken up into 0.9% NaCl, vortexed for 3 min. and sonicated for 10 min. at 50° C. Formulations incorporating IFA are prepared by mixing one volume of antigen (14.5 μg of peptide PyCS 252-260 plus 50 μg of P30 (universal T cell epitope) in PBS) and one volume of adjuvant.
4-week old BALB/c mice (Harlan, Zeist, NL) received one subcutaneous shot in the tail end. Formulations are injected with a 23″ gauge needle using a final volume of 50 μl. Animals received a second shot of antigen at the beginning of the 5th week and a third shot during the 9th week. 23.
Lymphoid Organ and Blood Sampling:
Serum sampling: Blood sampling is performed on all mice after 7 and 11 weeks. Blood is allowed to stand for 6 min. at 37° C., then is kept overnight at 4° C. Serum is subsequently frozen at −80° C. until time of antibody assay.
Recovery of inguinal lymph nodes and spleen: Two animals belonging to each group are killed after 7 and 11 weeks, respectively. Inguinal lymph nodes and the spleen are surgically removed and the cells are cultured to assay CTL activity by ELISPOT (γ IFN response)
Determination of Anti-Peptide 1 Antibody Titer
Assay of antibodies specifically raised against peptide 1 (KGGKGGKSERSYVPSAEQI) (SEQ ID NO: 11) is performed by ELISA. Binding of antigen is done in 96-well microtiter plates (Maxisorp F96, Nunc, DK) by conducting an overnight incubation in a moist chamber at 4° C. with each well containing 0.05 ml of PBS (phosphate buffered saline) containing 0.001 mg/ml of peptide 1. Plates are washed with PBS-0.05% Tween 20 (Sigma, St-Louis, Mo., U.S.A.) (PBS-T) and blocking of the plate is made with 5% skimmed milk in PBS-T for 1 hour at room temperature. Individual serum samples (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) of mice taken at weeks 9 and 11 are serially diluted with dilution buffer (PBS containing 2.5% of skimmed milk powder and 0.05% of Tween 20), then transferred into the microtiter plate and allowed to stand for 1 hr. at room temperature (RT). Plates are then washed with PBS and a diluted solution containing goat polyclonal anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody coupled to alkaline phosphatase (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., USA) is then dispensed into those plates and incubated for 1 hr. at RT. Plates are washed with PBS and specific antibodies are revealed by a color reaction through adding the alkaline phosphatase substrate, p-nitrophenylphosphate (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., USA). Absorbance at 405 nm is read with a microtiter plate reader (Dynatech 25000 ELISA reader, Ashford, Middlesex, UK), each serum sample is measured in duplicate. Results stand for the mean of all measurements relating to mice in each group. The antibody titer is given by the highest dilution resulting in a significantly positive response, i.e. an OD greater to background noise level±3SD.
γ-IFN ELISPOT Assay
Antibodies specifically directed to murine γ-interferon (O1E703B2) are bound by running an overnight incubation at 4° C. in a moist chamber, adding an antibody solution at 50 μg/ml in an ELISPOT microtiter plate with the well bottom being covered by nitrocellulose (Millipore, Molsheim, France). The blocking step is effected by adding DMEM medium (Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y., U.S.A.) containing 10% of foetal calf serum (FCS, Fakola, Switzerland) and letting stand for 2 hours at 37° C. Cells obtained from lymphoid organs (inguinal lymph nodes and spleen) are cultured in microtiter plates at a density of 200 000 or 400 000 cells/well, then co-cultured during 24 hours at 37° C. with 100 000 antigen presenting cells (which had been primed with PyCS 252-260 peptide at 37° C. for 1 hr. and irradiated (10 Krad) and washed 3 times) or in presence of Concanavalin A as control. After incubation, cells are removed and following the washing step, a second anti-mouse γ IFN antibody-biotin complex (ANI, 2 μg/ml in PBS with 1% BSA) is added and incubated for 2 hr. A streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, GFR) diluted 1000-fold is added and incubated for 1 hr at 37° C., and thereafter 3 washings are effected with PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20, followed by 3 washings with PBS. Presence of anti-γ IFN immune complexes is demonstrated by adding BCIP/NBT substrate (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.). This reaction is stopped by washing with tap water. Spots which are positive for γ IFN are then counted under a Biosys GmbH model automatic reader (Karben, Germany). Specific spot count is the difference between spots counted in presence of cells primed with the peptide and spots counted in absence of peptide. Results are given as mean measurement values recorded for mice in each group. They are expressed as the number of spots per million of cultured cells.
Results
The antibody response is depicted on
Group 3 immunized with the same peptide in admixture with the same adjuvant does not show any significant antibody titer. A nascent response is observed after 3 immunizations shots in group 7 (peptide 2 monoconjugate supplemented with free OM-197 adjuvant). Other groups which were administered the short peptide or no peptide did not display any antibody response.
In conclusion, OM-197-peptide 2 tetraconjuguate is capable of inducing a low to moderate titer antibody response in all immunized mice Cell activity assay is based on the frequency of CTL secreting γIFN, specifically directed to PyCS 252-260 epitope. Results are recorded in Table 3. The positive control is represented by group 2 and the negative control is represented by adjuvant alone (groups 1 and 8). Cell stimulation control based on Concanavalin A is positive for all mice.
Groups 5 (tetraconjugate) and 7 (monoconjugate+adjuvant) show positive CTL responses.
In conclusion, the peptide conjugated to 4 molecules of acyl dipeptide-like compound (OM-197-peptide 1) is effective whereas the monoconjugate (OM-197-peptide 2) induces no CTL response. By contrast, the monoconjugate supplemented with free OM-197 does induce a CTL response, whereas it does not elicit an antibody response, which fact is probably due to the small size of peptide 2 (12 amino acids).
This experiment is aimed at determining the highest concentration of acyl-dipeptide-like compound bearing a grafted accessory side chain spacer which does not induce fever in rabbits administered an iv. injection of the compound.
Procedure:
15 New Zealand white rabbits are divided into the following groups:
On the day of testing, rabbits are tightly held and weighed in boxes designed for this purpose. Temperature probes are inserted in the rectum are
1 hour after probe insertion, temperatures (preinjection) are recorded for 90 minutes and the mean value is calculated.
Each rabbit is then administered an i.v. injection of product or control (sterile water in 0.9% NaCl) via the marginal (lateral) ear vein. Temperature is measured at 30 minute intervals for 3 hours. Difference between the preinjection average temperature and maximum temperature is calculated and reported.
Taking 3 rabbits per group, test products are considered non pyrogenic if the sum of 3 responses does not exceed 1.15° C., or else pyrogenic if said sum exceeds 2.650° C. If the result obtained lies in-between, the test is repeated with 3 more rabbits.
Results
Compounds in accordance with the invention are non pyrogenic at doses below 0.1 mg/kg.
This application is a Continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 10/169,053, filed Aug. 28, 2002, which is the National Stage of Int'l App'l No. PCT/FR2000/003650, filed Dec. 21, 2000, which claims priority of International Application No. PCT/IB1999/002038, filed Dec. 22, 1999. The entire contents and disclosures of the preceding applications are incorporated by reference into this application.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5700910 | Metzger et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 7157092 | Bauer et al. | Jan 2007 | B1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 41 23 365 | Jan 1993 | DE |
| 41 23 366 | Jan 1993 | DE |
| 519 327 | Dec 1992 | EP |
| 668 289 | Mar 1995 | EP |
| WO9514026 | May 1995 | WO |
| WO 9932428 | Jul 1999 | WO |
| WO 0000462 | Jan 2000 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100215685 A1 | Aug 2010 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10169053 | US | |
| Child | 12640527 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/IB99/02038 | Dec 1999 | US |
| Child | 10169053 | US |
