Patent Grant
10278260
This disclosure relates generally to luminaires having light engines with different optical properties that can be independently drive so as to dynamically change the light distribution of the luminaire.
Luminaires typically include at least one light source and an optic positioned to control the light emitted from the light source and thereby dictate the light distribution of the luminaire. Optics for use in luminaires generally include Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, or Type V lenses. These lens types are well known in the industry and represent the distribution pattern that light will have when exiting the lenses. Luminaires are fitted with a single set of optics that dictates a pre-specified light distribution from the luminaire. Thus, the luminaire is capable of only emitting that particular light distribution. While the luminance of the luminaire can be dimmed up or dimmed down, this dimming does not affect the distribution pattern of the light emitted from the luminaire, but rather only how intensely the area within that predetermined distribution pattern is illuminated by the luminaire.
Outdoor luminaires are used, for example, to illuminate roadways, parking lots, building exteriors, walk ways, etc. The luminaires can be used for safety and/or security purposes. The optics provided in these luminaires are tailored to create a light distribution prescribed based on the location of the luminaire and the area it is intended to illuminate. Again, however, the luminaires are only capable of emitting a single distribution pattern. To the extent multiple distribution patterns are needed for a particular area, multiple luminaires must be provided.
Some embodiments of the invention include a luminaire that includes a plurality of different light engines. Light engines having different light distributions can be included in a single luminaire and a subset of the light engines selectively driven to dynamically change the light distribution of the luminaire. In this way, a single luminaire is capable of illuminating an area with a variety of different light distributions.
These illustrative embodiments are mentioned not to limit or define the disclosure, but to provide examples to aid understanding thereof. Additional embodiments are discussed in the Detailed Description, and further description is provided there. Advantages offered by one or more of the various embodiments may be further understood by examining this specification or by practicing one or more embodiments presented.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure are better understood when the following Detailed Description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Systems and methods are disclosed to provide an adaptive optical luminaire. Some embodiments of the invention include a luminaire that includes a plurality of different and interchangeable light engines. These light engines can include, among other things, a plurality of LEDs and various types of optical elements. The light distribution of each light engine can be altered by varying the number and/or type and/or color of LEDs (or other light source) and/or the optics of each light engine. Light engines having different distributions can be included in a single luminaire and a subset of the light engines selectively driven to dynamically change the light distribution of the luminaire. In this way, a single luminaire is capable of illuminating an area with a variety of different light distributions.
For example, a roadway luminaire affixed to the top of a pole can include two light engines. One light engine can illuminate one area of the road while another light engine illuminates another area of the road. The light distribution in either area can be independently controlled; for example, by dimming up, dimming down, turning on and/or turning off each light engine. The light engines can be controlled based on any number of parameters. For example, one of the two light engines that produces high angle light (relative to nadir) can be dimmed down in the presence of rain, ice or fog to mitigate veiling glare. And the light engine that produces lower angle light can be dimmed up when the other light engine is dimmed down to ensure that at least portions of the roadway are illuminated but without the high angle problems.
A luminaire with a plurality of independently controlled light engines may also include an environment sensor. In response to environmental parameters received from the environment sensor, the luminaire can dim up, dim down, turn on or turn off one or more light engines. For example, a luminaire may be a roadway luminaire attached to the top of the pole and light from the light engines can be directed downward to illuminate the roadway. In response to the sensor indicating that the roadway is wet due to rain, the luminaire can dim down luminaires that provide high angle light (relative to the vertical) and dim up a light engine that provides low angle light. In this way, the luminaire adaptively adjusts the light distribution based on environmental factors.
One industry standard describes light distributions from a luminaire according to IES type. Longitudinal classifications can include S, M, and L for short, medium, and long longitudinal distributions of light. The size of the distribution is defined by the mounting height (MH). The maximum luminous intensity for a short longitudinal distribution extends up to 2.25 MH in either direction, the maximum luminous intensity for a medium longitudinal distribution extends from the short longitudinal distribution up to 3.75 MH in either direction, and the maximum luminous intensity for a long longitudinal distribution extends from the medium longitudinal distribution up to 3.75 MH in either direction.
According to IES type, the distribution can be described laterally (horizontal in the figure) as type I, II, III, IV or V. The maximum luminous intensity for a type I distribution is located laterally up to 1 MH on both sides of the luminaire (street side and house side). The maximum luminous intensity for a type II distribution is located laterally up to 1.75 MH only on the street side. The maximum luminous intensity for a type III distribution is located laterally up to 2.75 MH only on the street side. The maximum luminous intensity for a type IV distribution is located anywhere beyond 2.75 MH. The type V distribution provides light in a radial pattern.
Returning to
Outer zone light distribution 115 illuminates a portion of the street farther from luminaire 106 (or the pole the luminaire is affixed to). The light distribution can extend along the length of the street as a short, medium or long light distribution (shown vertically in the figure). The dotted line, indicating outer zone light distribution 115, shows the half maximum luminous intensity isocandela trace. Outer zone light distribution may be a type III or type IV distribution.
Outer zone light distribution 115 and inner zone light distribution 110 can overlap in the lateral direction. In some embodiments, the combination of the outer zone light distribution 115 and inner zone light distribution 110 can laterally cover the entire roadway. In some embodiments the combination of outer zone light distribution 115 and inner zone light distribution 110 can produce a relatively uniform illumination distribution across street 100 despite being produced from two separate light engines.
In some embodiments a first light engine can be used to produce outer zone light distribution 115 and a second light engine can be used to produce inner zone light distribution 110. The light sources and/or optics in each light engine may be different to achieve the different light distributions. The first light engine and the second light engine can be separately controlled to illuminate the road with one or both light distributions. Moreover, in some embodiments one light engine may be dimmed down while the other is dimmed up. In some embodiments, both light engines can be dimmed up to illuminate the entire area. In this way, various illumination distributions can be provided in response to various events or inputs.
First light distribution 430 can extend, for example, from approximately nadir (the point on the ground directly below the luminaire) to a first cutoff angle. Second light distribution 435 can extend from the first cutoff angle to a second cutoff angle. The percent of total candlepower above or below a cutoff angle, for example, can be less than 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, etc. The first cutoff angle can be about 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, etc. The second cutoff angle can be about 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, etc. Moreover, first light distribution 430 extends from the initial cutoff angle at substantially nadir to the first cutoff angle. Furthermore, substantially at nadir includes ±2°, ±5°, ±7°, or ±10° from nadir. Often this initial cutoff angle can vary depending on the placement of the luminaire relative to the road or surface being illuminated. These cutoff angles can also refer to maximum illumination angle, which is the angle where the maximum illumination occurs from a given light engine.
Luminaire 410 can be coupled with pole 405 using bracket 415 or other coupling mechanism. In some embodiments, luminaire 410 can be arranged street side relative to pole 405, and the pole can be house side relative to luminaire 410. Pole 405 can be of any height, such as, 20 feet, 30 feet, 40 feet, 50 feet, etc.
Light distribution 630 can generally correspond with light distribution 430 shown in
Light distribution 640 can generally correspond with light distribution 510 in
As another example, luminaire 706 can provide full zone light distribution 811 that extends longitudinally from the luminaire to the edge of parking area 702. Full zone light distribution 811 can be substantially uniform along the length of the distribution. Substantially uniform along the length of the distribution means the luminous intensity on the ground at the farthest end of light distribution is more than half the luminous intensity on the ground near the luminaire.
As another example, luminaire 707 can provide light distribution 812 similar to full zone light distribution 810 and inner zone light distribution 807 that is similar to inner zone light distribution 805. These two light distributions can be used separately or used in combination with each other depending on need or other parameters. Luminaire 707 is also shown as providing quarter zone light distribution 815, which illuminates an area in front of and to the side of luminaire 707.
Luminaire 708 can provide quarter zone light distribution 816 similar to light distribution 815. Luminaire 708 can be positioned around the side of the building from where luminaires 705, 706, and 707 are positioned. The combination of quarter zone light distribution 816 and/or quarter zone light distribution 815 can illuminate the parking area near the corner of the building. This quarter zone light distribution can be provided using, for example, the quarter zone optic 1400 shown in
A luminaire can provide any combination of light distributions shown in
Embodiments of the invention described in reference to
To provide the different light distributions as shown in the figures, the various luminaires discussed herein can use a variety of different light engines within a single luminaire.
Light engines can have different combinations and/or arrangements of optical elements and/or LEDs to produce different light distributions. Overall, at least some of the light engines 905 within a luminaire 900 will have different light engine distributions. Some or all of the light engines 905 within a luminaire can be separately controlled and/or independently operated so that the light distribution of the luminaire can be altered as desired. Each light engine 905 can include LEDs, heat sinks, power supply interface, and optical elements, for example, as shown in
In some embodiments, different light engines with different optics can be disposed on the same circuit board. In some embodiments control and/o power components can be disposed on the same circuit board as LEDs 910. Any combination of the above can be used.
The combination of LEDs and/or optical elements can make light engine 905 an outer zone optics (OZO), quarter zone optics (QZO), full zone optics (FZO), inner zone optics (IZO), street zone optics (SZO), and house zone optics (HZO). Various other optics can be used to produce other illumination distributions.
In some embodiments, the OZO can produce a wide and forward distribution with little light close to the pole; for example, similar to outer zone light distribution 115 shown in
In some embodiments, the IZO is the complement to the OZO. The IZO can be used to produce a light distribution near the luminaire or the pole. For example, inner zone light distribution 110 shown in
In some embodiments, the QZO can produce a wedge shaped light distribution, with the narrowest part of the wedge closest to the pole. For example, QZO can produce light distribution 815 and/or light distribution 816 shown in
In some embodiments, the FZO can produce a light distribution on both sides of the pole or luminaire. The FZO, for example, can produce a distribution that is the combination of light distributions 505 and 510 shown in
In some embodiments, the SZO can produce a light distribution that is a combination of the IZO, OZO, and/or QZO distribution only on the street side (in front of the pole). For example, the SZO can produce light distribution 505 in
In some embodiments, the HZO can produce a distribution that is similar to the distribution produced by the SZO but it lights only the house side (behind the pole). For example, HZO can produce distribution 510 shown in
Power supply 1125 can directly power light engine 1115 and/or light engine 1116, and/or power supply 1125 can power light engine 1115 and/or light engine 1116 through controller 1120. In some embodiments, controller 1120 can switch and/or modulate power to light engine 1115 and/or light engine 1116. In some embodiments, a separate switch and/or modulator can be used to control power to light engine 1115 and/or light engine 1116. In some embodiments, power supply 1125 can be directly coupled with sensor 1110 and/or receiver 1105, and/or coupled through controller 1120.
Sensor 1110 can be any type of sensor. For example, sensor 1110 can be a rain sensor, temperature sensor, daylight sensor, humidity sensor (e.g., a hydrometer), particle sensor, luminance/illuminance sensors, manual control (e.g. ROAM®), and any other sensor. Sensor 1110 can be communicatively coupled with controller 1120, and can send and receive data with controller 1120.
Receiver 1105 can be any type of wireless receiver without limitation. Receiver 1105 can be any type of radio receiver, for example, receiver 1105 can communicate with a wireless telephone network or gateway, a mobile Internet network, a virtual private network, a satellite receiver, or a standard radio receiver. Receiver 1105 can include an antenna, a digital to analog converter, an amplifier, one or more multiplexers, one or more demultiplexers, etc.
Receiver 1105 can receive input from a remote user, server, or sensor. For example, control information can be sent to the luminaire and/or the controller to execute certain operational functions of the luminaire. For example, receiver 1105 can receive instructions to dim up, dim down, turn on, or turn off certain light engines.
Operation of the light engines within a luminaire can be controlled using predictive controls whereby the luminaire is preprogrammed to operate the light engines in a particular way or reactive controls whereby operation of the light engines are controlled dynamically in response to external inputs.
For example and with reference to
A trigger event can be received from a third party for a number of reasons. For example, the police or fire crew may need to change the illumination pattern provided by a luminaire on a road way to investigate a crime, to catch a criminal, or for other safety considerations. This change may need to be made in a localized area of the road. As another example, department of transportation workers may need to change the illumination pattern provided by a luminaire on a roadway as part of a construction project. The third party may have an application executing on their computer system (e.g., laptop, tablet, mobile phone, etc.) that can be used to send a message to receiver 1105 to trigger a change in the illumination pattern provided by the single luminaire.
In response to a trigger event, a first light engine can be activated, dimmed up, dimmed down or turned off at block 1215. A second light engine can be activated, dimmed up, dimmed down or turned on at block 1220. A light engine can be dimmed up, for example, by increasing power to the light sources in the light engine and/or by increasing the number of light engines activated within the light engine. Similarly, a light engine can be dimmed down, for example, by decreasing power to the light sources in the light engine and/or by decreasing the number of light engines activated in the light engine. In some embodiments, a dimmer driver or dimmer switch can be used to either dim up or dim down the lights.
In some embodiments, process 1200 can be used to control operation of light engines 420 and 235 in luminaire 410 in
When triggered, light engine 425 can be dimmed down or turned off to reduce high angle reflection off the road surface. In some embodiments, light engine 420 can be dimmed up to compensate for the dimming of light engine 425.
When the road is sufficiently dry, then light engines 420 and 425 can be returned to their pre-trigger event state by dimming up light engine 425 and dimming down light engine 420. This can be determined when the hydrometer reading drops below a threshold value and when a certain period of time passes. The certain period of time may also be a function of the temperature within the housing, which may also be measured. A photodiode can also measure the light reflected off the surface directly below the luminaire. When the reflectance drops below a certain value, the light engines can be returned to their pre-trigger state.
A particulate sensor may be used to measure the dust content of the air. If the dust content is measured to be greater than a certain value, then light engine 420 can be dimmed up and light engine 425 can be dimmed down (or turned off). In this way, the high angle light from light engine 425 is lowered to increase visibility. In some embodiments, the amount that light engine 420 is dimmed up and/or the amount light engine 425 is dimmed down can be proportional to the amount of dust in the air detected by the dust sensor. When the dust level returns to normal, then light engine 420 can be dimmed down and light engine 425 can be dimmed up (or turned on). A similar scenario can occur during foggy weather.
Sensors may also detect motion, dust, rain, daylight, darkness, ice, and/or humidity and adaptively control operation of the various light engines in the luminaire.
In some embodiments, process 1200 can be used to control operation of light engine in luminaire 705 in
During operation, for example, the first light engine can be turned on (but perhaps not at full power) and the second light engine turned off (such as might be the case at night). A presence detector such as, for example, an infrared sensor can provide a trigger event when motion is detected within the outer zone light distribution 810 area. In response to this trigger event, the first light engine can be dimmed up (if it was dimmed down to start with) and the second light engine can be activated so as to illuminate the outer zone light distribution 810. This illumination pattern can be maintained until the presence detector no longer detects motion in the area, when a predetermined period of time passes, and/or when the temperature within the luminaire reaches a threshold, after which the first light engine can be dimmed down again and the second light engine can be de-activated.
In some embodiments, a luminaire can dim up, dim down, turn on or turn off at least two light engines disposed within the luminaire in response to instructions received wireless through an embedded receiver. For example, a central computer can dim up one light engine and dim down a second light engine in response to any number of conditions. For example, the light engines can be adjusted if it is known that the roads are icy.
In some embodiments, the time of day or a photodiode can be used in conjunction with another sensor to trigger events when to separately dim up, dim down, turn on or turn off two distinct light engines. Moreover, in some embodiments, an internal temperature sensor may also be a trigger event when to dim down light sources due to potential overheating, and/or dim up light sources when the risk for overheating has dissipated.
Computational system 1300, shown in
The computational system 1300 may further include (and/or be in communication with) one or more storage devices 1325, which can include, without limitation, local and/or network accessible storage and/or can include, without limitation, a disk drive, a drive array, an optical storage device, a solid-state storage device, such as a random access memory (“RAM”) and/or a read-only memory (“ROM”), which can be programmable, flash-updateable and/or the like. The computational system 1300 might also include a communications subsystem 1330, which can include without limitation a modem, a network card (wireless or wired), an infrared communication device, a wireless communication device and/or chipset (such as a Bluetooth device, an 802.6 device, a WiFi device, a WiMax device, cellular communication facilities, etc.), and/or the like. The communications subsystem 1330 may permit data to be exchanged with a network (such as the network described below, to name one example), and/or any other devices described herein. In many embodiments, the computational system 1300 will further include a working memory 1335, which can include a RAM or ROM device, as described above.
The computational system 1300 also can include software elements, shown as being currently located within the working memory 1335, including an operating system 1340 and/or other code, such as one or more application programs 1345, which may include computer programs of the invention, and/or may be designed to implement methods of the invention and/or configure systems of the invention, as described herein. For example, one or more procedures described with respect to the method(s) discussed above might be implemented as code and/or instructions executable by a computer (and/or a processor within a computer). A set of these instructions and/or codes might be stored on a computer-readable storage medium, such as the storage device(s) 1325 described above.
In some cases, the storage medium might be incorporated within the computational system 1300 or in communication with the computational system 1300. In other embodiments, the storage medium might be separate from a computational system 1300 (e.g., a removable medium, such as a compact disc, etc.), and/or provided in an installation package, such that the storage medium can be used to program a general purpose computer with the instructions/code stored thereon. These instructions might take the form of executable code, which is executable by the computational system 1300 and/or might take the form of source and/or installable code, which, upon compilation and/or installation on the computational system 1300 (e.g., using any of a variety of generally available compilers, installation programs, compression/decompression utilities, etc.) then takes the form of executable code.
Numerous specific details are set forth herein to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, apparatuses or systems that would be known by one of ordinary skill have not been described in detail so as not to obscure claimed subject matter.
Some portions are presented in terms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on data bits or binary digital signals stored within a computing system memory, such as a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions or representations are examples of techniques used by those of ordinary skill in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is a self-consistent sequence of operations or similar processing leading to a desired result. In this context, operations or processing involves physical manipulation of physical quantities. Typically, although not necessarily, such quantities may take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared or otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals as bits, data, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, numerals or the like. It should be understood, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unless specifically stated otherwise, it is appreciated that throughout this specification discussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” and “identifying” or the like refer to actions or processes of a computing device, such as one or more computers or a similar electronic computing device or devices, that manipulate or transform data represented as physical electronic or magnetic quantities within memories, registers, or other information storage devices, transmission devices, or display devices of the computing platform.
The system or systems discussed herein are not limited to any particular hardware architecture or configuration. A computing device can include any suitable arrangement of components that provides a result conditioned on one or more inputs. Suitable computing devices include multipurpose microprocessor-based computer systems accessing stored software that programs or configures the computing system from a general purpose computing apparatus to a specialized computing apparatus implementing one or more embodiments of the present subject matter. Any suitable programming, scripting, or other type of language or combinations of languages may be used to implement the teachings contained herein in software to be used in programming or configuring a computing device.
Embodiments of the methods disclosed herein may be performed in the operation of such computing devices. The order of the blocks presented in the examples above can be varied—for example, blocks can be re-ordered, combined, and/or broken into sub-blocks. Certain blocks or processes can be performed in parallel.
The use of “adapted to” or “configured to” herein is meant as open and inclusive language that does not foreclose devices adapted to or configured to perform additional tasks or steps. Additionally, the use of “based on” is meant to be open and inclusive, in that a process, step, calculation, or other action “based on” one or more recited conditions or values may, in practice, be based on additional conditions or values beyond those recited. Headings, lists, and numbering included herein are for ease of explanation only and are not meant to be limiting.
While the present subject matter has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing, may readily produce alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to such embodiments. Accordingly, it should be understood that the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of example rather than limitation, and does not preclude inclusion of such modifications, variations and/or additions to the present subject matter as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/883,878, filed on Oct. 15, 2015, entitled “Adaptive Optical Distribution System,” now allowed, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/829,869 filed on Mar. 14, 2013, entitled “Adaptive Optical Distribution System,” issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,192,029 on Nov. 17, 2015 which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
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