Patent Grant
10144906
This invention relates generally to a detergent composition that reduces spotting in non-phosphate automatic dishwashing systems.
Automatic dishwashing detergents are generally recognized as a class of detergent compositions distinct from those used for fabric washing or water treatment. Automatic dishwashing detergents are required to produce a spotless and film-free appearance on washed items after a complete cleaning cycle. Phosphate-free compositions rely on non-phosphate builders, such as salts of citrate, carbonate, silicate, disilicate, bicarbonate, aminocarboxylates and others to sequester calcium and magnesium from hard water, and upon drying, leave an insoluble visible deposit. Polymers made from acrylic acid, maleic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are known for use in inhibiting the scale produced from non-phosphate builders. For example, U.S. Pub. No. 2010/0234264 discloses a polymer made from acrylic acid, maleic acid and AMPS in a detergent composition. However, this reference does not disclose the compositions of the present invention, which offer improved performance.
The present invention is directed to a phosphorus-free automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprising: (a) 0.5 to 8 wt % of a first polymer comprising polymerized units of: (i) 60 to 82 wt % (meth)acrylic acid, (ii) 10 to 30 wt % of a monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and (iii) 8 to 25 wt % 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS); and having Mw from 5,000 to 100,000; (b) 0.5 to 8 wt % of a second polymer comprising polymerized units of: (i) 60 to 95 wt % (meth)acrylic acid, (ii) 5 to 40 wt % 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS); and having Mw from 5,000 to 100,000; (c) 15 to 50 wt % carbonate, (d) 5 to 50 wt % citrate and (e) 10 to 30 wt % of a bleaching agent.
All percentages are weight percentages (wt %), and all temperatures are in ° C., unless otherwise indicated. Weight average molecular weights, Mw, are measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polyacrylic acid standards, as is known in the art. The techniques of GPC are discussed in detail in Modern Size Exclusion Chromatography, W. W. Yau, J. J. Kirkland, D. D. Bly; Wiley-Interscience, 1979, and in A Guide to Materials Characterization and Chemical Analysis, J. P. Sibilia; VCH, 1988, p. 81-84. The molecular weights reported herein are in units of daltons. As used herein the term “(meth)acrylic” refers to acrylic or methacrylic; the term “carbonate” to alkali metal or ammonium salts of carbonate, bicarbonate, percarbonate, sesquicarbonate; the term “silicate” to alkali metal or ammonium salts of silicate, disilicate, metasilicate; and the term “citrate” to alkali metal citrates. Preferably, the carbonates, silicates or citrates are sodium, potassium or lithium salts; preferably sodium or potassium; preferably sodium. Weight percentages of carbonates or citrates are based on the actual weights of the salts, including metal ions. The term “phosphorus-free” refers to compositions containing less than 0.5 wt % phosphorus (as elemental phosphorus), preferably less than 0.2 wt %, preferably less than 0.1 wt %, preferably no detectable phosphorus. Weight percentages in the detergent composition are percentages of dry weight, i.e., excluding any water that may be present in the detergent composition. Percentages of monomer units in the polymer are percentages of solids weight, i.e., excluding any water present in a polymer emulsion.
Preferably, the amount of citrate in the detergent composition is at least 8 wt %, preferably at least 10 wt %, preferably at least 15 wt %, preferably at least 20 wt %, preferably at least 25 wt %; preferably no more than 45 wt %, preferably no more than 40 wt %, preferably no more than 35 wt %. Preferably, the amount of carbonate is at least 20 wt %, preferably at least 22 wt %; preferably no more than 45 wt %, preferably no more than 40 wt %, preferably no more than 35 wt %, preferably no more than 30 wt %. Preferably, the bleaching agent is percarbonate or perborate. Preferably, the amount of bleaching agent is at least 11 wt %, preferably at least 12 wt %, preferably at least 13 wt %; preferably no more than 25 wt %, preferably no more than 22 wt %, preferably no more than 20 wt %, preferably no more than 18 wt %.
Preferably, the detergent composition comprises an aminocarboxylate builder, preferably in an amount from 1 to 35 wt %; preferably at least 1.5 wt %, preferably at least 2 wt %, preferably at least 5 wt %, preferably at least 10 wt %; preferably no more than 30 wt %, preferably no more than 25 wt %, preferably no more than 20 wt %. A preferred aminocarboxylate builder is methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA).
Preferably the first and second polymers are present in a weight ratio (first:second) of 1:9 to 9:1, respectively; preferably 1:6 to 6:1, preferably 1:4 to 4:1, preferably 1:3 to 4:1, preferably 1:2 to 3.5:1. Preferably, the total amount of first and second polymers in the composition is from 1.5 to 12 wt %, preferably from 2 to 11 wt %, preferably from 2 to 10 wt %, preferably from 2.5 to 9 wt %. Preferably, the composition comprises at least 1 wt % of the first polymer, preferably at least 1.5 wt %, preferably at least 2 wt %, preferably at least 2.5 wt %, preferably at least 3 wt %; preferably no more than 7.5 wt %, preferably no more than 7 wt %, preferably no more than 6.5 wt %. Preferably, the composition comprises at least 0.7 wt % of the second polymer, preferably at least 0.9 wt %, preferably at least 1.2 wt %, preferably at least 1.5 wt %, preferably at least 1.8 wt %; preferably no more than 7 wt %, preferably no more than 6.5 wt %, preferably no more than 6 wt %.
Preferably, the first polymer comprises at least 63 wt % polymerized units of (meth)acrylic acid, preferably at least 65 wt %, preferably at least 67 wt %, preferably at least 68 wt %; preferably no more than 78 wt %, preferably no more than 76 wt %, preferably no more than 74 wt %. Preferably, the monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid units are at least 12 wt % of the first polymer, preferably at least 14 wt %, preferably at least 16 wt %, preferably at least 18 wt %; preferably no more than 28%, preferably no more than 26 wt %, preferably no more than 24 wt %.
For both the first and second polymers, in cases where the monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid is available in the form of an anhydride, the polymer is made by polymerizing the anhydride, which is hydrolyzed to the acid during the polymerization process, resulting in a polymerized unit of a monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid. All references to polymerized dicarboxylic acid units in the polymers include metal salts of the acid which would be present at pH values near or above the pKa of the carboxylic acid groups. Preferably, the monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid has from four to six carbon atoms, preferably four or five. Preferably, the monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid and citraconic acid; preferably maleic acid.
Preferably, the amount of polymerized AMPS units (including metal or ammonium salts) in the first polymer is at least 8.5 wt %, preferably at least 9 wt %; preferably no more than 20 wt %, preferably no more than 17 wt %, preferably no more than 15 wt %, preferably no more than 13 wt %. Preferably, the total amount of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and AMPS units in the first polymer is at least 24 wt %, preferably at least 26 wt %, preferably at least 28 wt %, preferably at least 29 wt %, preferably at least 30 wt %.
Preferably, the second polymer comprises polymerized units which are at least 65 wt % (meth)acrylic acid, preferably at least 70 wt %, preferably at least 75 wt %, preferably at least 80 wt %, preferably at least 85 wt %; preferably no more than 94 wt %, preferably no more than 93 wt %, preferably no more than 92 wt %. Preferably, the amount of AMPS residues (including metal or ammonium salts) in the second polymer is at least 6 wt %, preferably at least 7 wt %, preferably at least 8 wt %; preferably no more than 35 wt %, preferably no more than 30 wt %, preferably no more than 25 wt %, preferably no more than 20 wt %, preferably no more than 15 wt %.
Preferably, neither polymer contains more than 8 wt % polymerized units of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, preferably no more than 5 wt %, preferably no more than 3 wt %, preferably no more than 1 wt %.
Preferably, the polymer has Mw of at least 8,000, preferably at least 9,000, preferably at least 10,000, preferably at least 11,000, preferably at least 12,000; preferably no more than 70,000, preferably no more than 50,000, preferably no more than 30,000, preferably no more than 25,000.
The polymer may be used in combination with other polymers useful for controlling insoluble deposits in automatic dishwashers, including, e.g, polymers comprising combinations of residues of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid or other diacid monomers, esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid including polyethylene glycol esters, styrene monomers, AMPS and other sulfonated monomers, and substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides.
The polymer of this invention may be produced by any of the known techniques for polymerization of acrylic monomers. Preferably, the initiator does not contain phosphorus. Preferably, the polymer contains less than 1 wt % phosphorus, preferably less than 0.5 wt %, preferably less than 0.1 wt %, preferably the polymer contains no phosphorus. Preferably, polymerization is initiated with persulfate and the end group on the polymer is a sulfate or sulfonate. The polymer may be in the form of a water-soluble solution polymer, slurry, dried powder, or granules or other solid forms.
Other components of the automatic dishwashing detergent composition may include, e.g., surfactants, oxygen and/or chlorine bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, foam suppressants, colors, fragrances, antibacterial agents and fillers. Typical surfactant levels depend on the particular surfactant(s) used; preferably the total amount of surfactants is from 0.5 wt % to 15 wt %, preferably at least 0.7 wt %, preferably at least 0.9 wt %; preferably no more than 10 wt %, preferably no more than 7 wt %, preferably no more than 4 wt %, preferably no more than 2 wt %, preferably no more than 1 wt %. Preferably, the surfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant. Preferably, nonionic surfactants have the formula RO-(M)x-(N)y—OH or R—O-(M)x-(N)y—O—R′ in which M and N are units derived from alkylene oxides (of which one is ethylene oxide), R represents a C6-C22 linear or branched alkyl group, and R′ represents a group derived from the reaction of an alcohol precursor with a C6-C22 linear or branched alkyl halide, epoxyalkane, or glycidyl ether. Fillers in tablets or powders are inert, water-soluble substances, typically sodium or potassium salts, e.g., sodium or potassium sulfate and/or chloride, and typically are present in amounts ranging from 0 wt % to 75 wt %. Fillers in gel formulations may include those mentioned above and also water. Fragrances, dyes, foam suppressants, enzymes and antibacterial agents usually total no more than 5 wt % of the composition.
Preferably, the composition has a pH (at 1 wt % in water) of at least 10, preferably at least 11.5; in some embodiments the pH is no greater than 13.
The composition can be formulated in any typical form, e.g., as a tablet, powder, monodose, sachet, paste, liquid or gel. The composition can be used under typical operating conditions for any typical automatic dishwasher. Typical water temperatures during the washing process preferably are from 20° C. to 85° C., preferably from 30° C. to 70° C. Typical concentrations for the composition as a percentage of total liquid in the dishwasher preferably are from 0.1 to 1 wt %, preferably from 0.2 to 0.7 wt %. With selection of an appropriate product form and addition time, the composition may be present in the prewash, main wash, penultimate rinse, final rinse, or any combination of these cycles.
Other polymers were made using the same process.
Preparation of Food Soil:
1. Bring water to a boil.
2. Mix in 16 oz paper cup: instant gravy, benzoic acid and starch; add this mixture to the boiling water.
3. Add milk and margarine.
4. Let the mixture cool down to approximately 40° C.
5. Fill the mixture into a bowl of Kitchen Machine (Polytron).
6. In a 16 oz paper cup, mix the egg yolk, ketchup and mustard using a spoon.
7. Add the cool down mixture to the bowl stirring continuously.
8. Let the mixture stir for 5 min.
9. Freeze the mixture.
10. The frozen slush is placed into the dishwasher prior to the starting program.
Conditions for Dishwashing Tests:
AA acrylic acid
ADW automatic dishwasher
AMPS 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
EA ethyl acrylate
IA itaconic acid
Mal maleic acid
MGDA methylglycinediacetic acid, sodium salt
Mn number-average molecular weight
Mw weight-average molecular weight
TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
aBRITESIL H 20, PQ Corp.; bTRILON M, BASF.
aBRITESIL H 20, PQ Corp.; bTRILON M, BASF.
aBRITESIL H 20, PQ Corp.; bTRILON M, BASF.
aBRITESIL H 20, PQ Corp.; bTRILON M, BASF.
aBRITESIL H 20, PQ Corp.; bTRILON M, BASF.
aBRITESIL H 20, PQ Corp.; bTRILON M, BASF.
aBRITESIL H 20, PQ Corp.; bTRILON M, BASF.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14290306 | Oct 2014 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2015/054370 | 10/7/2015 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016/057602 | 4/14/2016 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8101027 | Vandermeulen et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 20100167975 | Vandermeulen et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100234264 | Creamer | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100294309 | Tropsch | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20110226288 | Warkotsch et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20130055508 | Miralles et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2657329 | Oct 2013 | EP |
| 2016057391 | Apr 2016 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170298300 A1 | Oct 2017 | US |
