Patent Grant
8864853
The invention relates to an additive mixture for the bactericidal and anticorrosive additization of fuels. The additive can be formulated as a liquid concentrate or as a semiconcentrate. The invention further relates to the use of the additive mixture for bactericidal and anticorrosive additization of fuels, and to correspondingly additized fuels. The invention also relates to a method for operating a system with a fuel which comprises the components of the inventive additive mixture.
In systems which come into contact with fuels (such as heating oil) (storage tanks, conduits, valves, filters, probes, measuring instruments, burners, etc.), different materials are used, for example plastics, metals and alloys, especially copper-containing materials. Owing to the interaction of long storage times, different compositions of the fuel and external influences such as formation of water of condensation, and oxidative and/or microbial degradation processes, the composition of the fuel can change and lead to undesired consequent phenomena. These consequent phenomena include corrosion, turbidity up to and including precipitation (formation of “sludge”), blockage of filters and material wear. This can lead to failure of the system and to the necessity of expensive repairs. Similar problems arise in fuel-processing systems such as stationary and mobile diesel engines and the corresponding injection systems.
The prior art discloses biocidal compositions for fuels. For example, DE 103 40 830 A1 describes compositions based on formaldehyde depot compounds and antioxidants, and the use thereof for preserving industrial products, for example fuels. An illustrative formaldehyde depot compound is N,N′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), which is sold by Schülke & Mayr GmbH (Norderstedt, Federal Republic of Germany) as Grotan® OX (Grotamar® 71, Mar° 71). The compositions have very good storability as concentrates and have a constantly low level of deformation of the plastic vessel containing the concentrate (“neck-in effect”).
DE 199 61 621 A1 relates to compositions which comprise a bactericidal N-formal, a fungicide and a stabilizer, for use, for example, in fuel additives. The compositions are storage-stable and have good meterability.
In the systems mentioned, as well as fossil fuels such as mineral oil, biofuels (such as biodiesel) are increasingly being used, which comprise fatty acid alkyl esters such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), for example rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME). This is both because of legal stipulations and financial support and because of the insight that, in the generation of energy from renewable raw materials, the release of CO2 is climate-neutral. Since the use of biofuels, however, there has been a significant increase in material compatibility problems. It is assumed that biodiesel, for example, leaches copper ions out of copper-containing constituents of the systems. The increased copper ion content in turn accelerates the decomposition of the biodiesel and ultimately leads to the problems mentioned above.
WO2009/060057 A2 relates to the use of water-soluble biocides in biodiesel. An example of a biocide is 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine). To improve the efficacy of the biocides, ethers are proposed. The ethers according to WO2009/060057 A2 are needed in a certain amount to dissolve the biocides in the biodiesel. However, ethers readily form peroxides which can convert constituents in biodiesel, inactivate antioxidants and wear away material. The biocidal activity of ethers, moreover, is not comparable to that of formaldehyde depot compounds, and therefore (also as boosters) have to be used at a higher concentration and are therefore uneconomic. Moreover, ethers have a comparatively low flashpoint and can lead to less favorable labelling of products.
For this reason, it is desirable to add to the fuel improved additives which suppress these troublesome influences (decomposition of the biodiesel, formation of sludge) or do not allow them to arise at all, without necessarily needing to use ethers. More particularly, it was an object of the present invention to provide additive mixtures which are suitable for biocidal and anticorrosive additization of those fuels which comprise proportions of renewable raw materials, for example biodiesel. The additive mixtures should also be stable as concentrates and be easy to dose.
It has now been found that, surprisingly, these objects are achieved by an additive mixture which comprises
Inventive additives protect fuels to which they are added from infestation by bacteria, yeasts and moulds, and at the same time provide them with the necessary corrosion protection. The advantages of the additive mixtures are found more particularly in the case of addition to fuels which comprise components composed of renewable raw materials, for example biodiesel.
a) N-Formal
Inventive additive mixtures comprise at least one N-formal. The advantages of these active microbicidal ingredients are disclosed in DE 103 40 830 A1. Particularly suitable N-formals are reaction products of formaldehyde and amines (preferably alkanolamines) with a molar formaldehyde excess.
Examples of N-formals are condensation products of paraformaldehyde and isopropanolamine in a molar ratio of 3:2, condensation products of paraformaldehyde and isopropanolamine in a molar ratio of 3:2 and urea, and condensation products of paraformaldehyde and isopropanolamine in a molar ratio of 3:2 and urea and ethylene glycol.
N-Formals which are used with preference in accordance with the invention are N,N′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, dimethylolurea, 5-ethyl-3,7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, 2-(hydroxymethylamino)ethanol, methylenebistetrahydro-1,3-bisoxazine, 5-methylolchloro-acetamide, bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, diazolidinylurea, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate and 3,4,4-trimethyloxazolidine, 2,2′,2″-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol (Grotan® BK), tetrahydro-1,3,4,6-tetrakis(hydroxylmethyl)imidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-(1H,3H)dione (TMAD) and tetramethylolglycoluril.
Preference is given to low-water formaldehyde depot compounds.
Particular preferred formaldehyde depot compounds are 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), 2,2′,2″-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)-triethanol, α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-(2H,4H,6H)triethano 1, tetrahydro-1,3,4,6-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5(1H,3H)-dione, dimethylurea and the products Grotan OF (methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)+urea) and Grotan OK (methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)+urea+ethylene glycol).
A very particularly preferred formaldehyde depot compound is 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine).
b) Antioxidant
The inventive additive mixture comprises at least one antioxidant. Preferred antioxidants are liquid or are sufficiently soluble in the formaldehyde depot compound at room temperature. Examples of antioxidants are selected from sterically hindered phenols, amines, vitamin E and derivatives thereof, and alkyl gallates, preferably 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, lauryl gallate and vitamin E.
Especially preferred as antioxidants are 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and BHT.
c) Corrosion Inhibitor
The inventive additive mixture comprises, as a further obligatory component c), at least one corrosion inhibitor. Preferred corrosion inhibitors are liquid or are sufficiently soluble in the formaldehyde depot compound at room temperature. Particularly preferred corrosion inhibitors are triazole derivatives, for example benzotriazole, tolyltriazole or N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)((1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)amine.
Particular preference is given to using N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)((1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)amine, which is supplied by BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany) as Irgamet® 30.
Amounts of Components a), b) and c)
In additive mixtures preferred in accordance with the invention, the weight ratio of component b) to component c) is typically 20:1 to 1:20, preferably 1:10 to 10:1, especially 1:4 to 4:1, for example 1:1.
As explained hereinafter, inventive additives are typically formulated as liquid concentrates or semiconcentrates.
Liquid Concentrate
In inventive additive mixtures formulated as liquid concentrates, the proportion of component a) is preferably at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, especially at least 90% by weight, for instance 92% by weight. The proportions of components b) and c) are typically each at least 0.5% by weight, preferably at least 1% by weight, especially at least 2 by weight, for instance 4% by weight. Particular preference is given to liquid concentrates which consist of components a), b) and c), i.e. comprise no further constituents.
A particularly preferred liquid concentrate consists of:
The liquid concentrate is prepared by initially charging component a) (for example 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)) and then dissolving component b) (such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or BHT) and component c) (such as Irgamet 30) while stirring. The product is clear and colourless to pale yellow.
Inventive liquid concentrates are used prophylactically in fuels which are yet to be microbially infested in concentrations of 20 to 100 mg/l (ppm), and in fuels which have already been contaminated in amounts of 200 to 1000 ppm.
Semiconcentrate
In inventive additive mixtures which have been formulated as a semiconcentrate, the proportion of component a) is typically at least 5% by weight, preferably at least, preferably at least 10% by weight, especially at least 15% by weight, for instance 20% by weight. Components b) and c) are typically present in an amount of in each case at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.25% by weight, especially at least 0.5% by weight, for instance 0.9% by weight.
Semiconcentrates comprise, as well as the inventive components a), b) and c), a carrier. Examples of carriers are selected from diesel oil, biodiesel oil, fatty acid methyl esters, mineral oil (e.g. Shellsol A 150), aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons (such as toluene), alkylbenzenes, for example Marlican (RG), and mixtures thereof. The amount of the carrier in the concentrate is preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, especially at least 70% by weight, for instance 78% by weight.
A particularly preferred semiconcentrate comprises:
and, as the remainder, a hydrocarbon as a carrier which is soluble in FAME-containing hydrocarbons, for example diesel fuel. For example, the carriers used are, for example, ShellSol A 150 or alkylbenzene (Marlican).
To prepare the semiconcentrate, the carrier is initially charged and component a) (such as 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)), component b) (such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or BHT) and component c) (such as Irgamet 30) are dissolved while stirring. The product is clear and colourless to pale yellow.
Inventive semiconcentrates are used prophylactically in fuels which are yet to be microbially infested in concentrations of 100 to 500 ppm, and in fuels which have already been contaminated in amounts of 1000 to 5000 ppm.
The invention further relates to the use of the inventive additive mixture for biocidal and anticorrosive additization of fuels, and to the protection thereof from oxidative degradation.
According to the invention, the corrosion of copper in particular as a constituent of the materials of systems through which the fuel flows or in which it is stored. As mentioned above, the corrosion of copper presented a problem especially when the fuel comprises proportions of renewable raw materials, for example FAME. The proportion of renewable raw materials (such as FAME) which is typically present in the fuel is up to 100% by volume, preferably up to 20% by volume, especially up to 10% by volume, such as 5 to 7% by volume.
According to the invention, components a), b) and c) are used in the fuel in an amount which ensures effective protection from microbial attack and from oxidative and corrosive influences. In the fuel, the proportion of component a) should be at least 5 ppm, more preferably at least 100 ppm and especially preferably at least 200 ppm, for example 500 ppm. The proportions of components b) and c) should each be at least 0.25 ppm, preferably at least 5 pmm and more preferably at least 10 ppm, for example 25 ppm.
The invention further relates to the use of the inventive liquid concentrate for producing a semiconcentrate.
Components a), b) and c) are used—in combination—in fuels, preferably in the form of the inventive liquid concentrates or semiconcentrates. They are used in accordance with the invention in lubricants, cooling lubricant concentrates and emulsions, transformer oils, fuels, biofuels, biodiesels, diesel fuels, kerosenes, heavy oils, heating oils, mineral oils, all of which are referred to here as fuels. They are preferably used in fuels with proportion of material composed of renewable raw materials, especially biodiesel.
The inventive formulations can be combined with further active biocidal ingredients, functional additives and auxiliaries, as disclosed, for example, in WO2009/060057 A2, DE 10 2006 035013 A1 or DE 103 40 830 A1.
The combination of components a), b) and c) is used in fuels preferably by adding a liquid concentrate or a semiconcentrate. Alternatively, it is possible to add components a), b) and c) individually, but this alternative is not preferred.
The invention further relates to a method for operating a system with a fuel, in which the additive mixture described is added to the fuel, or in which the components are added individually.
The invention also relates to a fuel which comprises components a), b) and c) in such an amount that the concentration (based in each case on the fuel)
The inventive liquid concentrates or semiconcentrates have the following advantages:
The advantages of the invention are evident more particularly from the examples which follow.
Unless stated otherwise, all percentages are based on weight.
Materials used:
Procedure: The solutions and the metal sheet were each introduced into a 500 ml wide-neck bottle. Solutions 1A-1C were not stirred; solutions 1D-1G were stirred with a magnetic stirrer. The appearance of the solutions was assessed visually.
Materials used:
Procedure: The solutions and the metal sheet were each introduced into a 500 ml wide-neck bottle and stirred at room temperature with a magnetic stirrer.
Materials used:
Procedure: The solutions and the metal sheet were each introduced into a 500 ml bottle and stirred with a magnetic stirrer.
Materials used:
All samples are stirred in a 250 ml screwtop bottle with a magnetic stirrer at room temperature. The appearance changed as follows:
Materials used:
The appearance of the individual sample changed as follows:
Example 1 shows that 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine) is incompatible as an additive to diesel oil (with 5% FAME) with a time delay and in a concentration-dependent manner and more particularly in turbulent flow, when it comes into contact with copper or nonferrous metal. 3,3-Methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine) is thus, as an additive to diesel/biodiesel, associated with disadvantages when there is contact with nonferrous metal. The biocide, which in principle has good suitability, is thus not very suitable owing to its incompatibility.
Example 2 shows that diesel fuel with 5% FAME can leach considerable amounts of copper salt out of copper sheet (2B). In the case of addition of 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), the copper wear is lower (2D), and in the case of addition of inventive semiconcentrate with ShellSol A 150 significantly lower (2F). The formation of sludge in the solution correlates with the amount of copper salt released. Even in the absence of copper sheet, the performance of the inventive semiconcentrate is somewhat better than that of 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine) (see 2E compared to 2C).
Example 3 shows that diesel fuel with 5% FAME in contact with copper sheet is protected better by addition of a concentrate composed of 92% 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), 4% 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 4% Irgamet 30 than by addition of a likewise inventive concentrate composed of 92% 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), 4% BHT and 4% benzotriazole.
In Example 4, a defined amount of copper salt (copper naphthenate, dissolved in toluene) is added to diesel fuel with 5% FAME (4D to 4I). WHEN 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine) is added, there is incompatibility depending on the copper concentration (4D, 4E). An addition of inventive semiconcentrate significantly improves the stability of the diesel fuel (4F, 4G). Diesel fuel with 5% FAME leads, after addition of copper salt, to the formation of sludge (see 4H, 4I). Diesel fuel with 5% FAME without addition of copper salt is stable (4A), and likewise in the case of addition of 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine) (4B) or inventive semiconcentrate (4C). This demonstrates that inventive semiconcentrates are also suitable for products which do not have a proportion of material composed of renewable raw materials.
Example 5 shows the unfavourable influence of FAME (10 to 30% by volume) on diesel fuel when the latter is in contact with Cu. An addition of 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine) worsens the compatibility further (e.g. 5C3 compared to 5C1); only an addition of inventive semiconcentrate gives a stable liquid in the presence of copper sheet (e.g. 5C5).
This shows that an N-formal such as 3,3′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine) is incapable of protecting FAME-containing liquids which are in contact with nonferrous metals against microbial degradation. Only the combination with sufficient amounts of antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor leads to a product which protects FAME-containing liquids which are in contact with nonferrous metals from microbial degradation. FAME-containing liquids are then storage-stable and do not form undesired precipitates.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2009 033 161 | Jul 2009 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2010/058701 | 6/21/2010 | WO | 00 | 1/13/2012 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011/006734 | 1/20/2011 | WO | A |
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| 20120110899 A1 | May 2012 | US |
