Adjustable speaker box for the sports bar of a vehicle

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 6690802
  • Patent Number
    6,690,802
  • Date Filed
    Wednesday, October 24, 2001
    23 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, February 10, 2004
    21 years ago
Abstract
A speaker box for a sport utility vehicle. The speaker box is pivotally mounted to the sports bar of the vehicle and can be selectively pivoted relative to the bar to a plurality of positions. In one position, the sound from the speakers of the speaker box is directed downwardly as in convention designs. However, unlike conventional designs, the speaker box and its sound can also be directed rearwardly of the vehicle for parties and other gatherings such as at campsites or on the beach. Further, the speaker box and its sound can be directed slightly forward toward the front of the vehicle if desired. In doing so, a saddle or cutout is provided in the middle of the speaker box so as not to unduly inhibit the driver's vision through the rear view mirror.
Description




BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION




1. Field of the Invention




This invention relates to the field of speaker boxes for sport utility vehicles and more particularly to the field of speaker boxes mountable to the sports bar of such vehicles.




2. Discussion of the Background




Speaker boxes are commonly mounted to the sports bar of sport utility vehicles to provide music and other audio entertainment for the driver and passengers. Currently, such speaker boxes are mounted to extend across the sports bar in a fixed, horizontal position. In use, the sound from the speakers is then only directed downwardly and cannot be adjusted. At outdoor parties or other gatherings in which it is desirable to use the speakers to provide entertainment to the people gathered around the vehicle (such as at a campsite or on the beach) this can be a drawback. That is, because the speakers are fixed in place and their sound is directed downwardly into the deck or cabin area of the vehicle, the music or other audio heard by the party goers around the vehicle is often muted and distorted.




With this and other drawbacks in mind, the present invention was developed. With it, an arrangement is provided for pivotally mounting the speaker box to the sports bar so the sound from the speakers can be directed as desired. In one position, the sound can be directed downwardly as in current designs. However, unlike current designs, the speaker box of the present invention can also be positioned to direct its sound to the rear of the vehicle or even slightly toward the front of the vehicle if desired. In the rearwardly facing position, the sound is delivered without obstruction to the people gathered behind the vehicle. In the slightly forward position, the sound from the speaker box of the present invention is clearer to the driver and front passengers as they travel in the vehicle. In this forward position, a saddle or cutout is provided in the middle section of the speaker box so the driver can still clearly see passed the speaker box through the rear view mirror.




SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION




This invention involves a speaker box for a sport utility vehicle. The speaker box is pivotally mounted to the sports bar of the vehicle and can be selectively pivoted relative to the bar to a plurality of positions. In one position, the sound from the speakers of the speaker box is directed downwardly as in convention designs. However, unlike conventional designs, the speaker box and its sound can also be directed rearwardly of the vehicle for parties and other gatherings such as at campsites or on the beach. Further, the speaker box and its sound can be directed slightly forward toward the front of the vehicle if desired. In doing so, a saddle or cutout is provided in the middle of the speaker box so as not to unduly inhibit the driver's vision through the rear view mirror.











BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS





FIG. 1

is a perspective view of the speaker box of the present invention mounted in its up or vertical position on the sports bar of a vehicle. In this position, the full sound of the speaker box can be directed rearwardly of the vehicle for enjoyment by people gathered behind the vehicle such as at a campsite or on the beach.





FIG. 2

is an enlarged, rear elevational view of the speaker box of

FIG. 1

in its up or vertical position.





FIG. 3

is a partially cutaway view of the adjustment mechanism for the speaker box that allows the speaker box to be selectively pivoted to its various positions on the sports bar.





FIG. 4

is a view taken along line


4





4


of FIG.


3


.





FIG. 5

is a view taken along line


5





5


of FIG.


3


.





FIG. 6

is a view similar to

FIG. 3

illustrating the manner in which the handle members of the adjustment mechanism can be squeezed together to enable the speaker box to be moved to a number of different positions such as the horizontal one shown in full lines in

FIGS. 7 and 8

.





FIG. 7

is a view taken along line


7





7


of

FIG. 6

showing how the speaker box


1


can be moved from its vertical position of

FIG. 6

to a horizontal position.





FIG. 8

illustrates a variety of positions in which the speaker box of the present invention can be pivotally moved relative to the sports bar to direct the sound as desired.





FIG. 9

is a view similar to

FIGS. 4 and 7

but showing the manner in which the speaker box


1


can be moved from its horizontal position to a position facing slightly toward the front of the vehicle.

FIG. 8

also illustrates a safety stop built into the adjustment mechanism to limit how far the speaker box can be pivoted forwardly.





FIG. 10

is a view taken along line


10





10


of

FIG. 8

showing the saddle or cutout in the recessed middle section of the speaker box that permits the driver to see through the rear mirror passed the speaker box even with the speaker box is in its forward facing position.





FIG. 11

illustrates the provision of a remotely controllable motor to pivot the speaker box to its various positions.





FIG. 12

is a perspective view showing how the speaker box of the present invention can also be pivoted about a vertical axis to further direct its sound as desired.





FIG. 13

is a cross sectional view of the speaker box of the present invention illustrating the resonance chambers.











DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION




As shown in

FIGS. 1 and 8

, the dual speaker box


1


of the present invention is mounted on the sports bar


2


of the vehicle


4


for pivotal movement to a variety of positions. Normally, the speaker box


1


is supported substantially horizontally in the position H as shown in solid lines in FIG.


8


. However, with the present invention, the speaker box


1


can be pivoted to a number of other positions as desired including the up or vertical position V illustrated in FIG.


1


.




In the vertical position V of

FIG. 1

, the high frequency speakers


3


and mid-frequency/bass ports


5


of the speaker box


1


as well as the dome lights


6


are directed substantially rearwardly of the vehicle


4


. In contrast and in the normal horizontal position H of

FIG. 8

, the high frequency speakers


3


and mid-frequency/bass ports


5


of the speaker box


1


as well as the dome lights


6


are directed substantially downwardly. In doing so, the speaker box


1


as shown in full lines in

FIG. 8

then assumes an essentially out-of-the way location for maximum use of the interior space of the vehicle


4


. This position H also permits any removable soft or hard top to be placed on the vehicle


4


. However, with the pivoting arrangement of the present invention as indicated above, the speaker box


1


is not limited to this horizontal position H in

FIG. 8

as in conventional designs. Rather, the speaker box


1


of the present invention can be adjusted, for example, to the up or vertical position V in

FIGS. 1 and 2

to direct the sound from the box


1


rearwardly of the vehicle


4


. This is a particularly desirable option for outdoor parties and gatherings at campsites, the beach, and similar locations as the sound can be directed in an unobstructed manner at the party goers. That is, instead of having the sound directed primarily downwardly into the deck


8


and/or cabin area


10


of the vehicle


4


as in conventional designs and be somewhat muted and distorted, the speaker box


1


can be pointed directly at the gathering to deliver a clear and unobstructed sound to the party goers.




To accomplish this, the speaker box


1


as shown in

FIG. 2

is mounted by the adjustable mechanism


9


to the sports bar


2


. As perhaps best seen in the partially cutaway view of FIG.


3


and in the side view of

FIG. 4

, the adjustable mechanism


9


includes a plate member


11


on each of its sides that is fixedly attached by a C-clamp


13


(see

FIG. 4

) to the sports bar


2


. A rod member


15


is then provided on each half of the adjustable mechanism


9


as shown in FIG.


3


. Each rod


15


is mounted in the channel


17


in the speaker box


1


for sliding movement along the collinear, longitudinal axes


19


of the rods


15


. More specifically as illustrated in

FIG. 3

, the rods


15


are hollow along part of their lengths and are concentrically mounted on the inner post member


21


. In this manner, the coil spring


23


can be positioned as shown to bias the two rods


15


apart to the position of FIG.


3


. Referring to the left side of FIG.


3


and as is explained in more detail below, the two detents


25


on the cross piece


27


in this view are engaged in the corresponding pair of holes


29


in the fixed plate


11


(see also FIG.


4


). The speaker box


1


is then firmly secured in the up or vertical position V of

FIGS. 1-4

with the speakers


3


and ports


5


as well as the dome lights


6


(see

FIG. 1

) facing rearwardly of the vehicle


4


.




Each rod


15


as shown in

FIG. 5

has a handle


31


extending outwardly of the rod


15


and its axis


19


. This handle


31


as illustrated sticks through the opening at


33


in the speaker box


1


so the handles


31


can be manually grasp and manipulated to adjust the mechanism


9


. More specifically and in operation as best seen in reference to

FIGS. 1 and 6

, the pair of handles


31


can be manually squeezed together in the direction of arrows


35


in FIG.


6


. This movement slides the rods


15


together and withdraws or disengages the detents


25


on the respective cross pieces


27


from the holes


29


in each fixed plate


11


(see FIG.


6


). In this withdrawn or disengaged position of

FIG. 6

, the speaker box


1


can be rotated about the axis


19


toward a second position such as the horizontal position H shown in full lines in FIG.


7


. Releasing the handles


31


will then bias and move the cross pieces


27


(which are fixed to the respective rods


15


) outwardly under the force of the spring member


23


. Once the detents


25


on each cross piece


27


are rotated to be aligned with the horizontal pair of holes


29


′ in each plate


11


as illustrated in

FIG. 7

, the detents


25


will move or snap outwardly to be received in the horizontally spaced holes


29


′. In this manner, the speaker box


1


is then firmly secured in the horizontal position H of FIG.


7


.




It is noted as illustrated in

FIGS. 3-4

and


6


-


7


that the speaker box


1


is mounted by support pins or members


37


on the respective rods


15


. The main body of each support member


37


(see

FIGS. 3 and 6

) is positioned between the plate member


11


on each side of the speaker box


1


and the respective cross piece


27


. In operation to rotate the speaker box


1


about the axis


19


from the position of

FIG. 3

, the detents


25


are withdrawn or disengaged (see

FIG. 6

) not only from the pair of holes


29


in the respective plate


11


but also from the aligned pair of holes


39


in the respective support member


37


. The support member


37


on each side and the respective rod


15


are not fixed to each other and the rods


15


as shown in

FIGS. 3 and 6

can slide along the axis


19


relative to the support members


37


. However, the rotation of the speaker box


1


about the axis


19


will move both the support members


37


and the rods


15


(as well as the cross pieces


27


fixed to the rods


15


). The rods


15


with the cross pieces


27


and detents


25


are thus the catch and release arrangements to firmly secure the support members


37


of the speaker box


1


to the respective plate members


11


. The plate members


11


in turn are then fixedly attached to the sports bar


2


as discussed above. In this regard, each support member


37


and each arrangement of rod


15


, cross piece


27


, and detents


25


are thus respectively engagable and disengagable with the respective plate member


11


.




In the preferred embodiment, the speaker box


1


is adjustable to assume at least the three positions shown in FIG.


8


. In the up or vertical position V, the sound from the speaker box


1


as indicated above is directed rearwardly of the vehicle


4


. In the horizontal position H shown in full lines in

FIG. 8

, the speaker box


1


is directed downwardly as in conventional designs. This places the speaker box


1


as discussed above in an out-of-the-way position for maximum use of the interior space of the vehicle


4


. It also enables a removable soft or hard top to be placed on the vehicle


4


. The third or forward position F illustrated in

FIG. 8

shows the speaker box


1


at about a 30 degree angle from the horizontal position H. In this position F, the speaker box


1


is facing slightly toward the front of the vehicle


4


to direct the sound from the speaker box


1


slightly forward for more enjoyment by the drive and front passenger in the cabin area


10


. This movement of the speaker box


1


to position F from position H is accomplished as illustrated in

FIG. 9

in the same manner as the movement from position V to position H was described above. In the position F, the detents


25


are then engaged in the pair of holes


29


″ in the plate


11


. The pair of holes


29


″ as shown are spaced from and about the rotational axis


19


of the rod


15


as are the respective pairs


29


′ and


29


as illustrated in

FIGS. 4 and 7

. The pairs of holes are for additional strength and there could be just a single set of holes


29


,


29


′, and


29


″ in each plate


11


if desired. Similarly, each support member


37


for the speaker box


1


preferably has two holes


39


selectively alignable with the pairs of holes in each plate


11


but the support member


37


could have only a single hole


39


spaced from the rotational axis


19


and selectively alignable with the holes in the plate


11


if desired. Each cross piece


27


in this regard is also preferably provided with a pair of detents


25


but a single one could be used. If so, the cross piece


27


would then only need to extend in one direction outwardly of the axis


19


of the rod


15


.




Referring again to FIG.


8


and in the slightly forward facing position F shown in this view, it is important that the speaker box


1


not unduly inhibit the vision of the driver through the rear view mirror


12


along the line of sight path


14


toward the rear of the vehicle


4


. To accomplish this, the speaker box


1


as illustrated throughout (e.g., see

FIG. 2

) is preferably provided with a recessed middle portion


41


. This saddle or cutout portion


41


as best seen in

FIG. 10

enables the driver to still see passed the speaker box


1


out the rear of the vehicle


4


with the speaker box


1


in the forward position F. In this regard, the recessed middle portion


41


extends outwardly of the pivotal axis


19


for a distance less than the distances the spaced-apart side sections


43


do. With both the rear view mirror


12


and recessed middle portion


41


of the speaker box


1


centrally located across or transversely of the vehicle


4


, the recessed middle portion


41


then permits the driver to still see rearwardly of the vehicle


4


through the rear vision mirror


12


with the speaker box


1


in the forward position F. In other words and with the speaker box


1


in the forward facing potion F of

FIGS. 8 and 10

, the line of sight path


14


still passes below the recessed middle portion


41


and between the two side sections


43


.




It is noted that an additional safety feature is provided in the adjustable mechanism


9


to stop the speaker box


1


from pivoting too far forward. This feature is best illustrated in

FIG. 9

in which a stop post


45


is provided on each fixed plate


11


(see also FIG.


3


). In operation and should the speaker box


1


inadvertently fall or slip passed the desired position F in

FIG. 9

, the support member


37


for the speaker box


1


will abut and be stopped by the post


45


in the safety position S of FIG.


9


. With certain modifications to the preferred design of the speaker box


1


(e.g., reducing the size of the recessed middle portion


41


and/or the entire size of the speaker box


1


including the sections


41


and


43


), the speaker box


1


may be allowed to swing to a position facing directly toward the front of the vehicle


4


and the driver still be able to see passed it. However, it is preferred that the downward rotation of the speaker box


1


be limited as disclosed above.




Referring to

FIG. 11

, the pivotal movement of the speaker box


1


about the horizontal axis


19


could be done by using a power drive if desired such as the simple gear motor arrangement


51


of FIG.


11


. The motor


51


could then be remotely controlled by an electronic actuator or switch


53


located in the vehicle cabin


10


as schematically illustrated in FIG.


11


. The motor


51


could also be remotely controlled by radio or other electromagnetic waves received by the antenna


55


from a generating source or actuator that was in the cabin


10


or part of a portable, handheld unit such as


57


. The portable unit


57


in this regard could additionally be used to remotely control the volume and other operations of the speaker box


1


. The speaker box


1


could also be mounted as illustrated in

FIG. 12

for pivotal movement about a vertical axis


59


in place of or preferably in addition to the horizontal axis


19


. Such movement as in

FIG. 11

could be remotely controlled if desired from within the vehicle cabin


10


or from a location outside the vehicle


4


.





FIG. 13

is a cross sectional view of the speaker box


1


illustrating the mid-frequency resonance chamber


61


on each side and the surrounding resonance chamber


63


for the bass or lower frequencies. As shown, both the mid-frequency and bass are directed to exit the speaker box through the respective ports


5


. The enlarged and curved horn of each resonance chamber


63


has been found to particularly enhance the quality of the bass sounds from the speaker box


1


.




While several embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail, it to be understood that various changes and modifications could be made without departing form the scope of the invention.



Claims
  • 1. In a vehicle having a cabin area with at least one seat, at least four wheels, and a bar extending laterally across the vehicle at a position above the seat and substantially between the front and rear of the vehicle, the improvement including a speaker box mountable to the bar at a first location for pivotal movement about a substantially horizontal axis between at least two different positions relative to the bar.
  • 2. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said speaker box is directed substantially downwardly when said speaker box is in a first of said at least two positions and directed substantially rearwardly of the vehicle in a second of said at least two positions.
  • 3. The improvement of claim 1 further including an adjustable mechanism to allow said speaker box to be selectively moved between said at least two positions.
  • 4. The improvement of claim 3 wherein said adjustable mechanism includes first and second members, said first member being fixedly attached to said bar and said second member being mounted to said speaker box for selective movement with said speaker box relative to said first member about said horizontal axis.
  • 5. The improvement of claim 4 wherein said first and second members are selectively engagable and disengagable with each other wherein said first and second members can be engaged with each other to secure said speaker box in a first of said at least two positions and disengaged from each other to move said speaker box from said first of said at least two positions to a second of said at least two positions.
  • 6. The improvement of claim 5 wherein said first and second members are selectively engagable with each other to secure said speaker box in said second of said at least two positions.
  • 7. The improvement of claim 6 wherein one of said first and second members includes at least two holes spaced from each other about an axis and the other of said first and second members includes at least one hole spaced from an axis and selectively alignable with each of the holes of the one member.
  • 8. The improvement of claim 7 further including at least one detent selectively receivable in said aligned holes to secure said speaker box selectively in each of said at least two positions.
  • 9. The improvement of claim 6 wherein one of said first and second members includes at least two holes spaced from each other about an axis and the other of said first and second members includes at least one detent selectively receivable in each of said at least two holes.
  • 10. In a vehicle having a cabin area with at least one seat, at least four wheels, and a bar extending laterally across the vehicle at a position above the seat and substantially between the front and rear of the vehicle, the improvement including a speaker box mountable to the bar for pivotal movement about a substantially horizontal axis between at least two positions and further including an adjustable mechanism to allow said speaker box to be selectively moved between said at least two positions, said adjustable mechanism including first and second members, said first member being fixedly attached to said bar and said second member being mounted to said speaker box for selective movement with said speaker box relative to said first member about said horizontal axis, said first and second members being selectively engagable and disengagable with each other wherein said first and second members can be engaged with each other to secure said speaker box in a first of said at least two positions and disengaged from each other to move said speaker box from said first of said at least two positions to a second of said at least two positions, said first and second members being selectively engagable with each other to secure said speaker box in said second of said at least two positions wherein one of said first and second members includes at least two holes spaced from each other about an axis and the other of said first and second members includes at least one detent selectively receivable in each of said at least two holes and wherein said one of said first and second members includes a plate and the other of said first and second members includes a rod slidably mounted for movement along the longitudinal axis thereof.
  • 11. In a vehicle having a sports bar, the improvement including a speaker box mountable to the sports bar for pivotal movement about a substantially horizontal axis between at least two positions and further including an adjustable mechanism to allow said speaker box to be selectively moved between said at least two positions, said adjustable mechanism including first and second members, said first member being fixedly attached to said sports bar and said second member being mounted to said speaker box for selective movement with said speaker box relative to said first member about said horizontal axis, said first and second members being selectively engagable and disengagable with each other wherein said first and second members can be engaged with each other to secure said speaker box in a first of said at least two positions and disengaged from each other to move said speaker box from said first of said at least two positions to a second of said at least two positions, said first and second members being selectively engagable with each other to secure said speaker box in said second of said at least two positions wherein one of said first and second members includes at least two holes spaced from each other about an axis and the other of said first and second members includes at least one detent selectively receivable in each of said at least two holes and wherein said one of said first and second members includes a plate and the other of said first and second members includes a rod slidably mounted for movement along the longitudinal axis thereof wherein the other of said first and second members further includes a cross piece attached to said rod to extend outwardly of said rod and the longitudinal axis thereof, said cross piece having said detent thereon, said detent being spaced from said longitudinal axis and being selectively receivable in each of said at least two holes of said first plate by sliding said rod and cross piece attached thereto along said longitudinal axis toward and away from said plate to selectively engage and disengage the detent with the holes in said plate.
  • 12. In a vehicle having a sports bar, the improvement including a speaker box mountable to the sports bar for pivotal movement about a substantially horizontal axis between at least two positions and further including an adjustable mechanism to allow said speaker box to be selectively moved between said at least two positions, said adjustable mechanism including first and second members, said first member being fixedly attached to said sports bar and said second member being mounted to said speaker box for selective movement with said speaker box relative to said first member about said horizontal axis, said first and second members being selectively engagable and disengagable with each other wherein said first and second members can be engaged with each other to secure said speaker box in a first of said at least two positions and disengaged from each other to move said speaker box from said first of said at least two positions to a second of said at least two positions, said first and second members being selectively engagable with each other to secure said speaker box in said second of said at least two positions wherein one of said first and second members includes at least two holes spaced from each other about an axis and the other of said first and second members includes at least one detent selectively receivable in each of said at least two holes and wherein said one of said first and second members includes a plate and the other of said first and second members includes a rod slidably mounted for movement along the longitudinal axis thereof and further including a handle mounted to said rod and extending outwardly of the longitudinal axis of said rod wherein said handle can be manually operated to move the rod along the longitudinal axis thereof.
  • 13. The improvement of claim 5 wherein said first and second members are biased to engage one another.
  • 14. In a vehicle having a sports bar, the improvement including a speaker box mountable to the sports bar for pivotal movement about a substantially horizontal axis between at least two positions and further including an adjustable mechanism to allow said speaker box to be selectively moved between said at least two positions, said adjustable mechanism including first and second members, said first member being fixedly attached to said sports bar and said second member being mounted to said speaker box for selective movement with said speaker box relative to said first member about said horizontal axis wherein said adjustable mechanism includes third and fourth members, said third member being fixedly attached to said sports bar and said fourth member being mounted to said speaker box for selective movement with said speaker box relative to said third member about said horizontal axis.
  • 15. The improvement of claim 14 wherein said third and fourth members are selectively engagable and disengagable with each other wherein said third and fourth members can be engaged with each other to secure said speaker box in said first of said at least two positions and disengaged from each other to move said speaker box from said first of said at least two positions to said second of said at least two positions and wherein said third and fourth members are selectively engagable with each other to secure said speaker box in said second of said at least two positions.
  • 16. The improvement of claim 15 wherein one of said first and second members and one of said third and fourth members respectively include a rod member slidable mounted for movement along the respective longitudinal axis of said rod wherein said longitudinal axes of said rods are collinear.
  • 17. The improvement of claim 16 wherein said rods are longitudinally spaced from each other along said collinear axis and are biased apart from each other along said collinear axis.
  • 18. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said speaker box is mounted to said bar for pivotal movement about a substantially horizontal axis among at least three positions.
  • 19. The improvement of claim 18 wherein said speaker box is directed downwardly in a first of said at least three positions, directed rearwardly of the vehicle in a second of said at least three positions, and directed at least slightly toward the front on the vehicle in a third of said at least three positions.
  • 20. In a vehicle having a sports bar, the improvement including a speaker box mountable to the sports bar for pivotal movement about a substantially horizontal axis between at least two positions and wherein the pivotal movement of said speaker box about said horizontal axis is remotely controlled.
  • 21. The improvement of claim 20 wherein the pivotal movement of said speaker box about said horizontal axis is remotely controlled by an electronic actuator.
  • 22. The improvement of claim 20 wherein said vehicle has a cabin and the pivotal movement of said speaker box about said horizontal axis is remotely controlled by an actuator positioned in said cabin.
  • 23. The improvement of claim 20 wherein the pivotal movement of said speaker box about said horizontal axis is remotely controlled by an electromagnetic wave actuator.
  • 24. The improvement of claim 23 wherein the volume of said speaker box is remotely controlled by said electromagnetic wave actuator.
  • 25. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said speaker box is further mounted for pivotal movement relative to said bar about a substantially vertical axis.
  • 26. In a vehicle having a sports bar, the improvement including a speaker box mountable to the sports bar for pivotal movement about a substantially horizontal axis between at least two positions wherein said speaker box is further mounted for pivotal movement relative to said sports bar about a substantially vertical axis and wherein said pivotal movement about said vertical axis is remotely controlled.
  • 27. The improvement of claim 1 further including a rear view mirror centrally located across the cabin area of the vehicle with a line of sight path toward the rear of the vehicle wherein said speaker box has at least two side sections spaced apart from each other along said horizontal axis and a recessed middle portion between said two side sections, said recessed middle portion extending outwardly of the horizontal axis for a distance less than the distances the spaced-apart side sections extend outwardly of the horizontal axis wherein said line of sight path of said rear view mirror with said speaker box in one of said two positions passes below said recessed middle portion and between said two side sections.
US Referenced Citations (4)
Number Name Date Kind
4974759 McDonough Dec 1990 A
5094316 Rosen Mar 1992 A
5608806 Hinojosa Mar 1997 A
5979590 Telmos Nov 1999 A