Patent Application
20130012254
1. Field
The present disclosure relates to wireless communication systems.
2. Background
Advances in technology have resulted in smaller and more powerful computing devices. For example, there currently exist a variety of portable personal computing devices, including wireless computing devices, such as portable wireless telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and paging devices that are small, lightweight, and easily carried by users. More specifically, portable wireless telephones, such as cellular telephones and Internet Protocol (IP) telephones, can communicate voice and data packets over wireless networks. Many such wireless telephones incorporate additional devices to provide enhanced functionality for end users. For example, a wireless telephone can also include a digital still camera, a digital video camera, a digital recorder, and an audio file player. Also, such wireless telephones can execute software applications, such as a web browser application that can be used to access the Internet. As such, these wireless telephones can include significant computing capabilities.
A mobile communication device, such as User Equipment (UE) devices in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems, may report events to a wireless network. For example, mobile devices may report events based on fluctuations in strength of a received signal. Such reports may be made during hand-over and cell crossing scenarios. However, adverse radio reception conditions that trigger such reports may also degrade the mobile device's ability to decode responses from the network. For example, the network may instruct the mobile device to end an active link to a first cell and to create an active link to a second cell. If the reception conditions have deteriorated to the extent that the mobile device cannot decode the instructions, the mobile device may be unable to communicate via its assigned cell (the first cell) and may be unable to change cells. As a result, the mobile device may be dropped from the network.
In an effort to counter deteriorating network conditions, the mobile device may request that the network use more power in transmissions to the mobile device by increasing a signal-to-interference (SIR) target. Conventionally, mobile devices can increase the SIR target in response to failure to decode a message from the network. However, detecting a failure to decode a message introduces additional latency between an onset of degraded reception and an increase of the SIR target. When radio conditions deteriorate suddenly, such as during a fast cell crossing scenario, the ability of the mobile device to communicate with the network may be lost
A method and apparatus to proactively adjust (e.g., increase) an SIR target based on measurement of a received signal are disclosed. For example, when a mobile device reports certain events that are associated with degraded network conditions (e.g., network conditions that decrease the likelihood of successfully decoding subsequently received messages), the mobile device may selectively increase a downlink SIR target. The SIR target may be increased based on a filtered value of a ratio of received pilot channel energy to total received energy (CPICH Ec/Io) associated with a pilot channel signal received by the mobile device from the network. The network may respond to the increased SIR target by transmitting a reply to the event report (e.g., a control acknowledgement message and/or an active set update (ASU) message) to the mobile device using increased energy on a downlink physical channel. By proactively increasing the SIR target before a reply is received, the mobile device may be more likely to successfully decode the reply in degraded network conditions, such as during fast cell crossing.
In some implementations, the CPICH Ec/Io measurements may be adaptively filtered. For example, an adaptive filter may reduce measurement noise but remain dynamic enough to account for sudden CPICH Ec/Io changes.
In a particular embodiment, a method includes increasing a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) target of a mobile device in response to transmitting a message or event report associated with a network condition that decreases a likelihood of the mobile device successfully decoding a reply to that message. In some embodiments, the SIR target may be increased at least partially based on whether a value of a characteristic of a measured signal is within a specified range.
In another particular embodiment, a method includes adaptively filtering a ratio of received pilot channel energy to total received energy (CPICH Ec/Io) measured by a mobile device. The adaptive filtering includes reducing an averaging interval of an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter during a reduction time period to provide fast adaptation to large instantaneous errors (e.g., that are likely caused by significant changes in signal quality) in a filtered value of the CPICH Ec/Io followed by regrowth of the averaging interval during a regrowth time period. The regrowth time period is longer than the reduction time period. The method also includes increasing a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) target of the mobile device at least partially based on whether the filtered value of the CPICH Ec/Io is within a specified range.
In another particular embodiment, a mobile device includes a comparator configured to determine whether a characteristic of a measured signal has a value within a specified range. The measured signal is received from a wireless network. The mobile device also includes a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) target adjuster configured to increase a SIR target at least partially based on whether the value of the characteristic is within the specified range and in response to transmitting a message corresponding to a reporting event. The reporting event is associated with a network condition that decreases a likelihood of the mobile device successfully decoding a reply to the message.
In another particular embodiment, a network device includes a comparator configured to determine whether a characteristic of a measured signal has a value within a specified range. The measured signal is received from a mobile device via a wireless channel. The network device also includes a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) target adjuster configured to increase a SIR target for an uplink from the mobile device at least partially based on whether the value of the characteristic is within the specified range and in response to transmitting a message to the mobile device corresponding to a reporting event. The reporting event is associated with a network condition that decreases a likelihood of the network device successfully decoding a reply to the message.
In another particular embodiment, a system includes a network device configured to send a signal and a mobile device configured to receive the signal from the network device. The mobile device is also configured to transmit a message corresponding to a reporting event, wherein the reporting event is associated with a network condition that decreases a likelihood of successfully decoding a reply to the message. The mobile device is further configured to determine whether a characteristic of the signal has a value within a specified range and to increase a signal-to-interference (SIR) target at least partially based on whether the value of the characteristic is within the specified range and in response to transmitting the message. The network device is configured to transmit a reply to the mobile device in accordance with the increased SIR target.
One particular advantage provided by at least one of the disclosed embodiments is an ability to selectively increase a SIR target in response to deteriorating network conditions that may decrease the probability of successfully decoding subsequent message.
Other aspects, advantages, and features of the present disclosure will become apparent after review of the entire application, including the following sections: Brief Description of the Drawings, Detailed Description, and the Claims.
Systems and methods of requesting increased signal strength based on a characteristic of a measured signal are disclosed. To illustrate, a mobile device may detect a reporting event and transmit a message corresponding to the reporting event, where the reporting event is associated with an adverse network condition that decreases the likelihood of the mobile device successfully decoding a reply to the message. To compensate for deteriorating channel(s), the mobile device may selectively increase a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) target. In some implementations, the mobile device may determine whether a characteristic of a measured signal has a value within a specified range, and may increase the SIR target at least partially based on whether the value of the characteristic is within the specified range. For example, the mobile device may transmit a message reporting a detected event at the mobile device. The SIR target is increased to improve reception of a reply to the message (e.g. an acknowledge message or an active set update message). The disclosed techniques may reduce network drops and/or decoding errors in situations where the same network condition that causes a mobile device to send an event report would otherwise prevent the mobile device from successfully decoding a reply to the event report.
Referring to
Generally, as used herein, “network” may collectively identify various network elements, such as servers, controllers, and other hardware/software utilized in implementing a wireless communication network. Network technologies used to implement a wireless communication network may include, but are not limited to, long term evolution (LTE), global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), generic radio access network (GRAN), evolution-data optimized (1×/DO), wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), one or more other radio access technologies, or any combination thereof.
The mobile device 110 may include a comparator 111. In a particular embodiment, the comparator 111 is configured to determine whether a characteristic of a measured signal has a value within a specified range. For example, the mobile device 110 may receive a pilot channel signal 131 from the network device 120 via a wireless network and the mobile device 110 may measure one or more characteristics of the pilot channel signal 131. In a particular embodiment, the one or more characteristics include a ratio of received pilot channel energy to total received energy (CPICH Ec/Io). The mobile device 110 may perform sequential measurements of incoming signals to generate the CPICH Ec/Io value.
An adaptive filter 112 (e.g., an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter coupled with an adaptation algorithm) may produce a filtered value of the measured CPICH Ec/Io. Generally, the adaptive filter 112 may provide fast adaptation to large instantaneous errors followed by relatively slow regrowth of an averaging interval (e.g., to prevent SIR target adjustment due to spurious signal strength fluctuations). The adaptive filter 112 may perform sufficient averaging to reduce the noise of CPICH Ec/Io measurements but may be dynamic enough to account for sudden CPICH Ec/Io changes. An exemplary adaptation algorithm is further described with reference to
The mobile device 110 may also include a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) target adjuster 113. The SIR target adjuster 113 may increase a SIR target for a downlink to the mobile device 110 from the network device 120 at least partially based on the comparator 111 determining that the filtered value of the CPICH Ec/Io is within the specified range (e.g., less than or equal to −14 dB). In a particular embodiment, the mobile device 110 may increase the SIR target by adjusting power control command(s) 133 (e.g., “UP” commands) that are transmitted to the network device 120.
In a particular embodiment, the SIR target adjuster 113 may increase the SIR target in response to the mobile device 110 transmitting a message to the network device 120, where the message corresponds to a network condition that decreases a likelihood of the mobile device 110 successfully decoding a reply to the message. To illustrate, the mobile device 110 may be configured to report certain events in accordance with one or more networking standards. Particular examples of reporting events are further described with reference to
During operation, the mobile device 110 may encounter an adverse situation in which the mobile device 110 is unable to decode downlink protocol data unit (PDU) transmissions, such as control acknowledgements and ASUs that are sent in response to particular reporting events. For example, such events may include UMTS event 1a, which may indicate a fast cell crossing scenario (e.g., the mobile device 110 is rapidly crossing from one cell of a wireless network to another cell of the wireless network). During fast cell crossing, a “current” cell's CPICH Ec/Io may drastically drop within 140-180 milliseconds from transmission of the uplink PDU (e.g., the message 132) reporting the event. Thus, the mobile device 110 may be unable to decode the reply 134 to the message 132.
To remedy this situation, the mobile device 110 may increase downlink SIR target. The SIR target may be increased in response to transmitting the message 132 and in response to determining, at the comparator 111, that a filtered value of CPICH Ec/Io produced by the adaptive filter 112 is within a specified range (e.g., less than or equal to −14 dB). When the network device 120 transmits the reply 134 in accordance with the increased SIR, the mobile device 110 may successfully decode the reply 134. For example, the reply 134 may include an active set update (ASU) instructing the mobile device 110 to terminate an active link with the current cell associated with poor signal strength and establish an active link with a new cell having improved signal strength.
Although described above with respect to the mobile device 110 increasing a downlink SIR target, it should be noted that the network device 120 may similarly increase an uplink SIR target. For example, the network device 120 may include a comparator 121, an adaptive filter 122, and a SIR target adjuster 123. The comparator 121 may determine whether a filtered value of a characteristic of a measured signal from the mobile device 110 (e.g., a pilot channel signal 135) is within a specified range. When the filtered value is within the specified range, the network device 120 may increase an uplink power level target. The mobile device 110 may transmit a subsequent uplink message 137 in accordance with the increased SIR target.
In particular embodiments, one or more of the comparator 111, the comparator 121, the adaptive filter 112, the adaptive filter 122, the SIR target adjuster 113, and the SIR target adjuster 123 may be implemented using hardware or software. In software implementations, one or more of the aforementioned components may be implemented using instructions stored in a processor-readable medium (e.g., a memory) that are executable by a processor, as further described with reference to
The system 100 of
UMTS RRC protocol events that may trigger SIR target adjustment may include events 1a, 1d, 1f, 2b, 2d, 3a, and 6a. Definitions for UMTS RRC protocol events may be found in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications at www.3gpp.org.
It should be noted that the UMTS RRC protocol events illustrated in
The method 300 may include transmitting a message from a mobile device, at 302. The message may correspond to a reporting event detected at the mobile device, where the reporting event is associated with a network condition that decreases a likelihood of successfully decoding a reply to the message. For example, in
The method 300 may optionally include determining, at the mobile device, that a value of a characteristic of a measured signal is within a specified range, at 304. In a particular embodiment, the value may be a filtered value of CPICH Ec/Io, and the value may be within the specified range when the value is less than or equal to −14 dB. For example, in
The method 300 may further include increasing a SIR target of the mobile device, at 306. When the method 300 includes determining that the filtered CPICH Ec/Io value is within the specified range, the SIR target adjustment may be performed at least partially based on the determination. Alternately, the SIR target may be adjusted in response to the adverse network condition independent of any measured signal characteristic.
In particular embodiments, an adaptive filter, such an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter, may be used to provide fast adaptation to large instantaneous errors followed by relatively slow regrowth of an averaging interval. To illustrate, a filtered value of CPICH Ec/Io may be determined according to a filter averaging interval α (alpha) that is determined at least partially based on whether a difference between a measured CPICH Ec/Io and a filtered CPICH Ec/Io exceeds a difference threshold (e.g., 3). For example, x(k) may denote a kth value of a measured CPICH Ec/Io and y(k) may denote a kth value of the filtered CPICH Ec/Io. When a difference between x(k) and y(k) exceeds the difference threshold (e.g. |y(k)−x(x)|>3), the pilot channel strength may be rapidly changing. In response to the difference between the measured CPICH Ec/Io and the filtered CPICH Ec/Io exceeding the difference threshold while the value of the filter averaging interval is greater than a lower limit, the value of α may be increased. Otherwise, in response to the difference between the measured CPICH Ec/Io and the filtered CPICH Ec/Io not exceeding the difference threshold for a predefined number of sequential comparisons while the value of the filter averaging interval is less than an upper limit, the value of α may be decreased.
Adaptive filtering of CPICH Ec/Io can include reducing the averaging interval during a reduction time period to provide fast adaptation to large instantaneous errors in the filtered value of the CPICH Ec/Io, followed by regrowth of the averaging interval during a regrowth time period, where the regrowth time period is longer than the reduction time period. Thus, a SIR target may be increased conditioned upon determining that a value (e.g., filtered CPICH Ec/Io) is within the specified range within an evaluation time window after detection of a reporting event (e.g., UMTS RRC protocol event 1a, 2b, 3a, 2d, 1d, 1f, or 6a). If the filtered value of the CPICH Ec/Io falls within the specified range (e.g., is less than or equal to −14 dB), the SIR target can be increased and the evaluation time window may be truncated. As a result, SIR target increases due to reporting events may occur based on CPICH Ec/Io measurements soon after reporting events are detected, and only a single SIR target increase may occur per reporting event.
In an illustrative embodiment, the adaptive filtering may be performed on raw CPICH Ec/Io values that are provided to the adaptive filter by a searcher (e.g., every 20 milliseconds, periodically after a variable time interval, and/or whenever available) in accordance with the following pseudocode:
The above pseudocode may be bound for a list of events (events identified by the table of
The method 400 may include determining whether a specified event is detected at a mobile device, at 402. In a particular embodiment, the specified event may be any of UMTS RRC protocol event 1a, 1d, 1f, 2b, 2d, 3a, or 6a. For example, referring to
When it is determined that a specified reporting event is not detected, the method 400 may return to 402. When it is determined that a specified reporting event is detected, the method 400 may include transmitting an event report from the mobile device, at 404. For example, referring to
Advancing to 406, the method 400 may include determining whether the mobile device is within the evaluation window. That is, the mobile device may determine whether the difference between a current time and the event timestamp is less than the evaluation window. When the mobile device is no longer within the evaluation window, the method 400 may return to 402.
When the mobile device is within the evaluation window, the method 400 may include determining, at the mobile device, a next filtered CPICH Ec/Io value y(k), at 408. For example, referring to
Continuing to 410, the method 400 may include determining whether the filtered CPICH Ec/Io value y(k) is less than or equal to −14 dB. When y(k) is not less than or equal to −14 dB, the method 400 may return to 406. When y(k)is less than or equal to −14 dB, the method 400 may include increasing an SIR target and stopping the evaluation window, at 412.
The method 500 may include initializing a variable K to 8, a filter averaging interval alpha (α) to 1/K, and a regrowth timer to zero, at 502. Advancing to 504, a kth CPICH Ec/Io reading x(k) may be measured. Continuing to 506, a kth filtered CPICH Ec/Io value may be generated in accordance with the formula y(k)=x(k)*α+(1−α) *y(k−1).
The method 500 may include determining whether a difference between the filtered and measured values of CPICH Ec/Io (i.e., |y(k)−x(k)|) is greater than a difference threshold, at 508. In a particular embodiment, the difference threshold may be 3. In alternate embodiments, the difference threshold may be another value. When the difference is greater than the difference threshold, the method 500 may include decreasing K (e.g., by half) subject to a lower limit on K and resetting the regrowth timer to zero, at 510. The method 500 may continue and update α to 1/K, at 518, and return to 504.
When the difference is less than the difference threshold, the method 500 may include incrementing the regrowth timer, at 512. Advancing to 514, the method 500 may include determining whether the regrowth timer has exceeded a predetermined number of measurements since a previous filter coefficient change. When the regrowth timer has not exceeded the predetermined number, the method 500 may include updating α to 1/K, at 518, and may return to 504. When the regrowth timer has exceeded the predetermined number, the method 500 may include increasing K (e.g., by one) subject to an upper limit on K and resetting the regrowth timer to zero, at 516. The method 500 may continue and update α to 1/K, at 518, increment k (e.g., k=k+1), and return to 504.
It should be noted that in certain situations the above adaptive filtering algorithm may potentially de-stabilize outer loop power control (OLPC) behavior that is typically based on only cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and block error ratio (Bler)/block error rate test (Blert). Thus, the algorithm may additionally be bound so that OLPC can converge to existing requirements. Convergence may not occur when multiple events are reported within short intervals of each other when CPICH Ec/Io is still low. Thus, an additional timer may be used, during which the above adaptive filtering algorithm may be disabled from changing a SIR target (see pseudocode below):
At OLPC Init:
Compute frame timer limit Tlim=Max {over all transmission channels (2*(1−Blert)/Blert*TTI_Length—in—Frames)}
After SIR target increase:
Start Frame Timer t=0
while t<Tlim, disable SIR target increase triggered by event reporting
It should be noted that in the case of transport format combination indicator (TFCI) transmissions, a more robust timer may be used that accounts for channels entering or leaving dormancy.
The memory 732 may be a non-transitory tangible processor-readable storage medium that stores instructions. The instructions may be executable by the processor 710 to perform one or more functions or methods described herein. For example, the memory 732 may include instructions 760 executable by the processor 710 to perform one or more of the methods illustrated in
In a particular embodiment, the processor 710, the display controller 726, the memory 732, the CODEC 734, the wireless controller 740, and the RF-BB resource chain 741 are included in a system-in-package or system-on-chip device 722. In a particular embodiment, an input device 730 and a power supply 744 are coupled to the system-on-chip device 722. Moreover, in a particular embodiment, as illustrated in
In conjunction with the disclosed embodiments, an apparatus is disclosed that includes means for determining whether a characteristic of a measured signal has a value within a specified range. The measured signal is received via a wireless network. For example, the means for determining may include the comparator 111 of
The apparatus also includes means for increasing a SIR target at least partially based on whether the value of the characteristic is within the specified range and in response to transmission of a message corresponding to a reporting event, where the reporting event is associated with a network condition that decreases a likelihood of decoding a reply to the message. For example, the means for increasing a SIR target may include the SIR target adjuster 113 of
In a particular embodiment, at least one of the means for determining and the means for increasing may be integrated into a mobile device, such as the mobile device 110 of
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, configurations, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. Various illustrative components, blocks, configurations, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software executable by a processor depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or any other form of non-transitory storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may reside in a computing device or a user terminal (e.g., a mobile phone or a PDA). In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a computing device or user terminal
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosed embodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments disclosed herein but is to be accorded the widest scope possible consistent with the principles and novel features as defined by the following claims.
The present application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/441,238 filed Feb. 9, 2011, the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61441238 | Feb 2011 | US |
