Patent Application
20230049930
The invention relates to an adjusting device for vehicles, in particular electric wheel chairs or rehabilitation vehicles, recumbent systems and nursing beds, comprising at least one mounting plate and one support plate with a lifting device which comprises at least two scissor mountings which are arranged at the longitudinal side edge or in a corner region of the mounting or support plate each and are vertically adjustable by a driving means, wherein each scissor mounting, formed as double scissors, includes a first, lower scissor element and a second, upper scissor element, which are connected to each other at one end via a common rotation pin, and the lower scissor element is connected at the other end to the mounting plate, and the upper scissor element is connected at the other end to the support plate via fastening means.
Vehicles of most diverse designs are known for passenger traffic, as construction machines, and for the agricultural field. Apart from this, there are electric wheel chairs or rehabilitation vehicles some of which are provided for receiving considerable loads. If construction vehicles or agricultural vehicles, such as tractors, are employed in mountainous terrain, these are equipped with a seat facility which may be brought into a horizontal position by means of pneumatic adjusting cylinders. This measure serves to facilitate work.
With electric wheel chairs or other vehicles provided for the transport of disabled persons, in individual cases a particular adjustment of the seating surface may be also required on a plane route. This may concern, for example, bodily anomalies or disease patterns necessitating to incline the seating surface or to adjust a certain angle of inclination for the relieves or works to be performed. Typical disease patterns, e. g. with a considerable risk of decubitus, are injuries of the spinal cord, such as e. g. tetraplegia, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), MS (multiple sclerosis), myopathies, neurological diseases and traumatic brain injuries. By means of an adjusting device, these persons should be remedied at least partially. With the aforementioned category of persons, the spontaneous movements required for pressure relief partially fail. The highly dynamic process of sitting is simulated by the flexibility of the adjusting device. The users protect themselves from pain and the consequential damages of sitting statically.
An adjusting device to be provided for an electric wheel chair must in this case fulfill certain criteria. On the one hand, the overall height must not exceed a certain measure as otherwise, a barrier-free access e. g. to the vehicle is not given, and on the other hand, the electric wheel chairs must not exceed an overall height as the persons normally need a table for carrying out works or their private activities where it must be possible to move the electric wheel chair under this table. Thus, there is a need for the electric wheel chairs or rehabilitation vehicles to be able to assume different changing positions and moreover to fulfil the aforementioned marginal conditions.
From US patent application 2002/0149168 A1, an adjusting device for a wheel chair is known which consists of a double scissor mounting. By means of the double scissor mounting, a high seat height is achieved, wherein a first scissor mounting is directly coupled to a second scissor mounting and the respective free ends of the scissor mountings are connected to the further facilities of the wheel chair.
From EP 2 907 694 B1, an adjusting device for vehicle seats is known which is of the same applicant. From this application, the use of a mounting plate for the seat and a support plate with a lifting device are known which comprises at least two scissor mountings which are arranged at the longitudinal side edge or in a corner region of the mounting or support plate each and are vertically adjustable via a driving means. The scissor mountings are vertically adjustable independently of one another. By this adjusting device, it is possible to adjust an existing seating surface, which is directly connected to the mounting plate, both vertically, but also to perform a lifting in the front and rear regions, so that the user of a wheel chair comes into a rest position, or so that standing up is facilitated. The adjusting device furthermore permits a lateral tilting of the seating surface, for example in order to compensate typical disease patterns of a muscle dystrophy. However, the known adjusting device does not permit to perform a diagonal tilting which is also desired in particular cases.
The invention relates to an adjusting device 2 for vehicles 1, in particular electric wheel chairs or rehabilitation vehicles, recumbent systems and nursing beds, comprising at least one mounting plate 3 and one support plate 4 with a lifting device 5 comprising at least two scissor mountings 20, which are arranged at the longitudinal side edge or in a corner region of the mounting 3 or support plate 4 each and are vertically adjustable by a driving means, wherein each scissor mounting 20 is formed as double scissors and includes a first, lower scissor element 21 and a second, upper scissor element 22 which are connected to each other at one end via a common rotation pin, and the lower scissor element 21 is connected at the other end to the mounting plate 3, and the upper scissor element 22 is connected at the other end to the support plate 4 via fastening means. In order to achieve a diagonal tilting of the adjusting device, according to the invention, the at least one fastening means consists of a bracket 35 connected to the support plate 4 and a fastening unit 30 axially movable with respect to the bracket 35 at which the ends of the upper scissor elements 22 of at least one scissor mounting 20 are hinged. By means of the bracket 35 and the fastening unit 30, an axial moveability in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle seat 13 is permitted so that no deadlock can occur even in extreme positions of the scissor mountings 20.
It is the object of the present invention to improve a known adjusting device with a lifting device for vehicles in such a way that a diagonal tilting of the seating surface is possible.
To achieve the object, at least one fastening means consists of a bracket connected to the support plate and a fastening unit that is axially movable with respect to the bracket at which the ends of the upper scissor elements of at least one scissor mounting are hinged. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.
Starting from a support plate, which is, for example, connected to the substructure of the electric wheel chair, and a mounting plate, which is essentially provided for mounting the seating surface, an adjusting device is suggested which is located between the mounting plate and the support plate and offers the possibility of an individual height adjustment.
To this end, it is suggested to equip the lifting device with two, three or four scissor mountings. Two scissor mountings are fastened to the longitudinal sides of the mounting plate or the support plate, so that the support plate may be variably adjusted vertically while both scissor mountings are simultaneously loaded. If only one scissor mounting is loaded, a lateral inclination to the left or right may be accomplished. As an alternative, if four scissor mountings are used, these may be located in a corner region of the mounting and the support plates so that there are further possibilities of orienting the support plate. If the rear scissor mountings of the mounting plate are lifted, this will result in an inclination (tilt) of the support plate to the front. If the scissor mountings are lifted at the front, this will result in an inclination (tilt) to the rear. It is furthermore possible to lift the two scissor mountings of the left or right side, so that this will result in an inclination of the seating surface to the right or left. If only a vertical adjustment is desired, all scissor mountings are moved to an approximately identical height. The aforementioned possibilities may also be performed with three scissor mountings.
By the additional equipment of the adjusting device with a fastening means in the form of a bracket connected to the support plate and a fastening unit that is axially movable with respect to the bracket, at which the ends of the upper scissor element or the scissor elements arranged in parallel are fastened in a rotationally movable manner, it is moreover possible to permit an inclination via the diagonal axis of the support plate. To this end, it is necessary to leave, for example, the front right scissor mounting approximately in the lower position, while in contrast, the rear left scissor mounting is nearly completely moved upwards and the two other scissor mountings in the rear right and the front left are only partially moved upwards. As an alternative, a tilting with respect to the second diagonal axis may be effected in a similar way. By the bracket and the fastening unit, the fastening points of the upper scissor elements are shiftable in the longitudinal direction or the direction of travel of the vehicle, respectively. Due to this shifting, no distorsion of the individual scissor mountings occurs in a diagonal tilting, and thereby, the function of the adjusting device can be successfully performed without any interferences. The longitudinal movement of the fastening unit with respect to the bracket here compensates the different movements of the individual scissor mountings.
To provide an adjustment of the inclination or a tilting of the seating surface, medical aspects are decisive. Typical disease patterns here are a muscular dystrophy, CP (cerebral palsy), spina bifida. With a lateral tilting of 20°, the vertebral column and the ischial bones are relieved in case of a scoliosis (S-shaped lateral flexion of the vertebral column). The seating surface here has to be inclined laterally as required until the shoulder girdle is oriented horizontally. By this, a natural position of the head and a natural perception are possible. In most cases, the persons concerned can select the period of the change of the position themselves and thus purposefully relieve themselves. In case of a back tilting of 40 degrees, a pressure relieve of the ischial bones that are threatened by decubitus (decubitus prophylaxis) of 70 to 80% is achieved and is therefore also referred to as medical positioning. In this position, eye contact is only possible to a restricted extent. If used on a wheel chair, the additional shifting of the seating surface to the front furthermore permits a compensation of the center of gravity which excludes the risk of tipping due to back tilting. By a back tilting of 20° to 30°, here a comfortable rest or relax position is permitted for the persons concerned. A back tilting of 20° to 25° and a lateral tilting of 15° to 20° (diagonal tilting) results in a pressure relieve increased to 90% (decubitus prophylaxis) for the right or left ischial bone. Eye contact to the directly surrounding area of the seat is here possible without any restrictions.
Patients with the typical disease patterns of a considerable risk of decubitus due to injuries of the spinal marrow, such as ALS, MS, myopathis, neurological diseases and apoplexy, may be aided by this.
By the integrative indication, it is achieved, for example, that with a lift of the seating surface by 20 cm, objects located in higher regions may easily reached and an easy eye contact is permitted. With a lift of the seating surface by 20 cm with a simultaneous or subsequent tilting to the front by up to 40°, persons with restricted mobility or reduced muscular strength are supported during the active process of standing up. When used on a wheel chair, the additional shifting of the seating surface to the front permits a free base without restriction by the front wheels of the wheel chair.
With a lateral tilting of 20° with a variable lift, it is possible to perform a simple laterally sliding transfer, for example to toilets, beds, chairs or nursing beds. In addition, a sliding board can support the sliding function. An independent or slightly supported transfer of persons bound to an electric wheel chair due to a considerably restricted mobility is essential for a self-determined daily life.
The extended adjusting device permits a further position adjustment of the support plate which is equal to the seat's inclination, namely a diagonal tilting. Thus, the desired position a disabled person requires, for example, to assume a sitting posture without any pains and to carry out the desired works, may be advantageously adjusted. A diagonal tilting here simulates the active sitting (micro-positioning). With an inclination of the support plate to the front, for example, ascending and descending are facilitated, while with an inclination to the back, a rest position may be adjusted, for example. By the possible height adjustment of the support plate or the seating surface, here, an adaption to existing table heights may be accomplished at any time, so that the person may drive under a provided table with the front part of the vehicle. Driving on inclined slopes can be compensated by a gyroscopic control so that the person will always remain in the desired seat inclination. The particular advantage of the adjusting device by the use of the scissor mountings is here that the complete design is very compact with respect to its height and thus, a subsequent assembly in existing vehicles is possible. The overall height does not exceed a height of 13 cm and may thus be easily integrated into an existing vehicle or a new vehicle.
Each scissor mounting consists of double scissors, so that sufficient stability of the support plate is achieved and moreover, a high ultimate load can be ensured. The scissor elements of a scissor mounting are here each arranged offset in a plane such that the individual scissor elements do not touch each other. Thus, a deadlock may be excluded and an independent height adjustment ensured.
Here, each scissor mounting consists of four scissor elements each arranged in pairs, in each case one first, lower and one second, upper scissor element being provided. The lower and upper scissor elements with the same direction of inclination are here connected to a rotation pin in one common hinge point. Via the rotation pin, the flexibility of the scissor elements is ensured so that the upper and lower scissor elements may be pivoted with respect to the plane of the rotation pin. The length of the individual scissor elements here determines the maximal stroke distance. Depending on the number of scissor elements used, the length of the individual scissor elements must be adapted to each other or their distance increased as otherwise, there is a risk of a deadlock of the individual scissor elements. As an alternative, the scissor mountings may be offset laterally. In case of two scissor mountings at the longitudinal edges of the support plate, there is sufficient space available. If, however, four scissor mountings are employed, the length of the individual scissor elements must be dimensioned such that the scissor mountings do not touch each other in a retracted position of the scissor mountings. Due to the scissor elements each arranged in pairs, which are mounted via a shaft in a torque-proof manner, both a lifting of the mounting plate and an adjustment of the inclination are possible. During the lifting operation, the central rotation pins of each scissor mounting remain in a horizontal position, wherein the rotation pins approach each other while the scissor mountings are moving upwards, and depart from each other while they are moving downwards. If an inclination is adjusted, the lifted axes of the loaded scissor mountings also remain in a horizontal position, while it is simultaneously ensured that the non-loaded scissor mountings permit a pivoting motion through the upper scissor elements, and a tilting to the front and the back can be performed.
To assemble the scissor mountings, each scissor mounting comprises a first scissor element which is connected, via a first pivot point, to a bracket of the mounting plate or a box-shaped substructure, and, via a second, central pivot point, to a rotation pin, while the second scissor element is connected, via a first pivot point, to the support plate and, via the second, central pivot point, to the rotation pin of the first scissor element. In this embodiment, the free ends of one scissor mounting each are connected to the mounting or support plate via a pivot point. The rotation pins arranged in the central region here serve to mount two lower and two upper scissor elements each, so that they have a common pivot point and may perform a synchronous movement by a threaded spindle.
The provided mounting plate is here connected to the substructure of a vehicle, while in contrast, the support plate is provided for mounting the seating surface with or without a backrest and forms the seating surface, or, as an alternative, includes a recumbent surface. The scissor mountings are located between the mounting plate and the support plate.
In the development of the inventive idea, a bracket with fastening means is associated with the upper scissor elements of at least one longitudinal side. Thus, the longitudinal shiftability of the bracket and the fastening unit is limited on one side of the adjusting device, and the opposite scissor elements are connected to the mounting plate so as to be movable in a pivoting manner with respect to it so that they form a fixed point which stabilizes the upper mounting plate, but permit a tilting due to the bracket with the fastening unit.
The bracket is here directly connected to the support plate, preferably screwed to it, and has a bore in which a guide rod of the fastening unit is received. The fastening unit itself consists of a base with two parallel legs in which the borings are provided to receive the guide rod, so that the shiftability is ensured.
It has to be considered here that each scissor mounting consists of two double scissor arranged in parallel with respect to each other and that these are connected to the fastening unit. Th scissor elements of the scissor mountings arranged in parallel are here connected to each other via a rotation pin, while the scissor elements arranged one next to the other each have a separate center of rotation. It is furthermore possible for the fastening unit to be pretensioned with respect to the bracket by at least one spring which rests on the guide rod. By means of the spring, the return of the fastening unit with respect to the bracket can be supported.
Preferably, the fastening means with the bracket and the fastening unit are arranged at the longitudinal side of the adjusting device which also permits a transverse shifting of the mounting plate.
The transverse shifting is already known from the prior application of the applicant, wherein the upper pivot points with the rotation pin are in this case used for receiving a sleeve which is mounted in a pivoting and shifting manner, wherein the sleeve is connected to a bracket of the mounting plate via a radial elongation piece. The bracket permits to pivot the elongation piece, so that the sleeve is movable, depending on the position of the scissor mounting, between the two pivot points which quasi form a stop face. The sleeve here ensures that in case of a tilting of the support plate, for example in case of a lateral inclination to the left or right, there is no tension within the scissor mountings and thus no blocking occurs. In this case, it is sufficient for the left or right scissor mountings of a longitudinal side to be fitted with a movable sleeve, while in contrast, the opposite mountings have a sleeve which is mounted on the rotation pin in a non-shifting manner. By this, with each lateral inclination, a diagonal shifting to the scissor mountings may be compensated and the total weight resting on the support plate is securely and stably held. By the respectively opposite scissor mountings having no axially shifting sleeve along a longitudinal edge, an unintentional lateral shifting of the support plate is prevented. The same applies to the now provided shiftability in the longitudinal direction, i.e. in the direction of travel of the vehicle, wherein both the transverse shifting and the longitudinal shifting can be arranged on one side of the mounting plate, while the opposite side serves to fix the mounting plate. However, it is easily possible that the transverse shifting and the longitudinal shifting are each arranged on another longitudinal side of the mounting plate.
The particular advantage of the present invention is that by means of at least two scissor mountings, preferably 3 or 4 scissor mountings, an individual adjustment of the support plate for a seating surface is permitted. Each individual scissor mounting with four lower and four upper scissor elements, which are each arranged in pairs in parallel, here has an extremely high stability, so that even high loads, for example heavyweight persons, may be moved vertically. Moreover, by means of four scissor mountings, an individual adjustment of the seat's inclination may be achieved, namely with one front or rear tilting of the seating surface or one right- or left-sided tilting of the seating surface. Moreover, with the additionally added fastening means consisting of a bracket and a fastening unit, there is the possibility of a shifting in the direction of travel which is required for a diagonal tilting of the support plate with the seating surface. The bracket and the fastening unit here ensure that no position of the mounting plate leads to a distortion of the individual scissor mountings and these can be returned to their original starting position without any problems. Here, the flat design which may be achieved with the aid of the scissor mountings to permit to retrofit existing vehicles should be particularly emphasized. By optimized control electronics and at least one, preferably a plurality of position sensors, the position of the seating surface can be automatically detected and held in a predetermined position when the vehicle is being moved, for example, on sloping terrain, wherein, independent of a terrain to be driven on, the seating surface is maintained in the preselected position by adjusting the scissor mountings. The drives of the scissor mountings here compensate the irregularities of the terrain, in particular in extremely sloping terrain, and allow the person who is using the vehicle to adjust the optimal sitting position in the position adjusted by him/her even during longer rides. It is moreover possible to individually adjust the sitting position at any time to avoid one-sided loads.
The invention will be illustrated again below with reference to the figures.
In the drawings:
There are a seating surface 13 and a backrest 14 on the support plate 4, wherein the backrest 14 can be adjusted via an adjusting unit 15 with respect to its inclination. The backrest 14 is to this end mounted via a pivot point 16 in a pivoting manner. The arm rests 12 are located on both sides of the seating surface 13. The stable design of the vehicle 1 exhibits here already that this type of vehicles comprises a cross-country mobility and is moreover suited for heavyweight persons. Between the mounting plate 3 and the support plate 4, there is the lifting device 5 which consists, in the shown embodiment, of four scissor mountings 20 arranged in the corner regions. The construction of the scissor mountings 20 will become apparent from the following figures.
The upper scissor elements 22 are connected to a fastening unit 30 in a pivot point 25 in the shown embodiment, that is, the upper scissor elements 20 each in one single pivot point 25. The fastening unit 30 consists of a base 31 which includes two parallel legs 32, 33 on the end side. Between the legs 32, 33, a guide rod 34 is arranged which is fixed between the legs 32, 33 in a torque-proof manner. The guide rod 34 here rests in a bore of a bracket 35 which is firmly screwed to the mounting plate or otherwise fastened. By means of the fastening unit 30 and the bracket 35, there is a shiftability of the fastening unit 30 with respect to the mounting plate 4, so that a compensation movement is possible in the adjustment of individual scissor mountings 20. This compensation movement prevents a deadlock of the scissor mountings 20 even in extreme positions, for example, in a diagonal tilting of the support plate 4.
1, 1′ vehicle
2 adjusting device
3 mounting plate
4 support plate
5 lifting device
6 vehicle's substructure
7 housing
8 drive wheel/rear wheel
8 front wheel
9 rear wheel
10 retainer
11 oscillating axle
12 arm rest
13 seating surface
14 backrest
15 adjusting device
16 pivot point
17 bracket
20 scissor mounting
21 scissor element
22 scissor element
23 pivot point
24 pivot point
25 pivot point
26 threaded spindle
27 rotation pin
28 rotation pin
30 fastening unit
31 base
32 leg
33 leg
34 guide rod
35 bracket
This application is the U.S. national stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2020/050223, filed on 2020Jan. 7.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/050223 | 1/7/2020 | WO |
