Patent Application
20120228432
The present disclosure relates to aerial delivery, particularly delivery achieved via mid-air extraction from an aircraft, and systems and methods related thereto.
Aerial delivery is a term used to describe extracting an item from an aircraft in flight and then enabling a safe recovery of the item by use of an aerodynamic decelerator, which is most often a parachute system. Additionally, the aerial delivery operation is typically conducted from a cargo-type aircraft. The process may utilize very specific aerial delivery equipment and may adhere to very specific aerial delivery operational procedures. Often, the extracted item consists of an aerial delivery system containing cargo of some sort.
Two general types of extraction are utilized. Gravity extraction is the technique of using positive aircraft pitch angle, or by using some other force to cause the item to simply roll or slide out of the aircraft, which is typically followed by a parachute being deployed by a lanyard that is anchored to the aircraft. Parachute extraction is a technique whereby a parachute is first deployed out the rear of the cargo compartment, and the parachute is used to pull the item from the aircraft. Both techniques may conform to guidelines regarding length, weight, mass, etc., of the item being extracted in order to achieve a safe extraction operation. Generally speaking, relatively short and/or relatively lightweight items may be gravity extracted, but relatively long and/or relatively heavy items may preferably be parachute extracted, which removes the item from the aircraft quickly to prevent it from adversely affecting the aircraft's center of balance.
Items having a generally cylindrical shape, such as bombs that are powered by gravity, will typically be released from the belly or wing of a bomber or fighter aircraft. In practice, these items are released vertically but their longitudinal axis is substantially horizontal. Because the lower bomb racks in a bomb bay may be repositioned before other items can be released from racks above them, a simultaneous release of all items in the bomb bay cannot generally be conducted. The relatively long release time, coupled with a relatively high airspeed that is a feature of these aircraft, prevents the items from impacting in a concentrated area. Instead, the resulting impact path of the items is quite lengthy and the resulting impact effect is known as carpet bombing.
For aerial launching of chemical energy powered items, such as missiles, yet another technique is used. In this scenario, items are loaded into linear guidance devices, which are typically referred to as launchers. Typically, these launchers are either tubular or monorail (dovetail) in design, and are mounted substantially horizontally on fighter airplanes or helicopters. In practice, these items are generally powered by a self-contained rocket motor, allowing only one item to be loaded per launcher. Otherwise, the rocket blast from the front item could damage the item behind it, perhaps even causing it to explode while it is still in the launcher.
In yet another scenario, the GBU-43/B Massive Ordinance Air Blast (“MOAB”) munition is secured in a cradle atop an aerial delivery system that is parachute extracted from the cargo compartment of a cargo aircraft. The MOAB cradle is just that—a cradle; and, because the MOAB is a winged item, it must be separated from its cradle immediately outside the aircraft, with the extraction parachute still attached to the aerial delivery system, before the cradle can pitch or roll significantly—otherwise, the MOAB is likely to be damaged or released in an undesirable attitude. In the separation process, the MOAB has forward momentum due to inertia imparted by the aircraft, but the aerial delivery system and cradle will slow significantly, due to drag created by the still attached extraction parachute. The aerial delivery system will also pitch, with its leading edge going downward due to gravity and aerodynamic forces. The combination of relative longitudinal motion and a pitch-down of the aerial delivery system and cradle, allow the platform and cradle to move down and rearward, away from the MOAB. However, because this separation technique does not provide linear guidance control, or roll and yaw control, relative to the cradle, the rear control surfaces of the MOAB must be in a retracted configuration until after the separation event has occurred. Even though this marginally controlled separation technique is acceptable for the MOAB, it may be unsuitable if the separation event were significantly delayed after the system has been released from the aircraft. Further, because the separation technique provides no directional control or roll and yaw control for the separating item, it may be unsuitable for launching items with extended rear-mounted control surfaces, such as fins. With no directional or roll and yaw control, it may also be unsuitable for simultaneously launching multiple items that have any type of extended control surfaces.
An aerial delivery system enables delivery of releasable items after extraction from an aircraft. In an exemplary embodiment, an aerial delivery system comprises a first linear guidance device and a first releasable securing mechanism configured to couple a first releasable item to the first linear guidance device. The first releasable securing mechanism comprises a rotatable inner latch plate, a rotatable outer latch plate, and a locking element comprising a tapered pin. The tapered pin is insertable into the first releasable item. Responsive to rotation of the inner latch plate, the tapered pin is removable from the first releasable item. The aerial delivery system is extractable from an aircraft via a parachute.
In another exemplary embodiment, a method of using an aerial delivery system comprises coupling a first releasable item to a first linear guidance device via a first releasable securing mechanism, and activating, during parachute-controlled descent of the aerial delivery system through the air, the first releasable securing mechanism to cause the first releasable item to separate from the aerial delivery system under the influence of the first linear guidance device. The first releasable securing mechanism comprises a rotatable inner latch plate, a rotatable outer latch plate, and a locking element insertable into the first releasable item.
The contents of this summary section are provided only as a simplified introduction to the disclosure, and are not intended to be used to limit the scope of the appended claims.
With reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings:
The following description is of various exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the present disclosure in any way. Rather, the following description is intended to provide a convenient illustration for implementing various embodiments including the best mode. As will become apparent, various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of the elements described in these embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
For the sake of brevity, conventional techniques for aerial delivery may not be described in detail herein. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physical couplings between various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in a practical aerial delivery system.
An aerial delivery system may be any system configured to support a payload during extraction from an aircraft and/or during the resulting descent and contact with the ground. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, and with reference to
Moreover, an aerial delivery system may be configured with any appropriate components and/or elements configured to support a payload during extraction from an aircraft and/or during the resulting descent and contact with the ground. For example, with reference now to
Platform 105 may comprise any suitable material or structure configured to be deployed via the cargo door of an aircraft. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, platform 105 comprises a substantially planar structure with supporting ribs or other reinforcing elements. In an exemplary embodiment, platform 105 is made of aluminum, in another exemplary embodiment, platform 105 is made of steel. In an exemplary embodiment, platform 105 is coupled to upright rear section 112, two upright side sections 114, and at least one linear guidance device 120. Moreover, platform 105 may comprise various structural elements, materials, and configurations suitable to be deployed via the cargo door of an aircraft. Additionally, platform 105 may be coupled to any appropriate components of aerial delivery system 100, as desired.
Linear guidance device 120 may be any appropriate structure configured to guide at least one releasable item 199 as it separates from aerial delivery system 100. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, at least one linear guidance device 120 is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, linear guidance device 120 is a monorail. In another exemplary embodiment, and with momentary reference to
Linear guidance device 120 is coupled to platform 105. Linear guidance device 120 may also be coupled to rear section 112 and/or side section 114, and/or to one or more additional linear guidance devices 120. In an exemplary embodiment, linear guidance device 120 is made of aluminum. In another exemplary embodiment, linear guidance device 120 is made of steel. Moreover, linear guidance device 120 may be made of any suitable material configured to guide, support, and/or otherwise interact with a releasable item 199. In an exemplary embodiment, aerial delivery system 100 is configured with one linear guidance device 120. In another exemplary embodiment, aerial delivery system 100 is configured with two linear guidance devices 120. Moreover, aerial delivery system 100 may be configured with any desired number of linear guidance devices 120.
With reference now to
Releasable securing mechanism 130 may be any suitable mechanism configured to allow releasable item 199 to separate from linear guidance device 120. With reference to
Moreover, structural component 101A of aerial delivery system 100 may comprise any combination of reinforcing members, supporting members, platforms, walls, sections, fasteners, braces, joints, links, welds, couplings, and/or the like. For example, returning to
Rear section 112 may comprise any suitable material or structure configured to be deployed via the cargo door of an aircraft. Further, rear section 112 may comprise any suitable material or structure configured to couple with suspension slings and/or other components of aerial delivery system 100. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, upright rear section 112 comprises a substantially planar structure with supporting ribs or other reinforcing elements. In an exemplary embodiment, rear section 112 is made of aluminum. In another exemplary embodiment, rear section 112 is made of steel. Rear section 112 is coupled to platform 105 and to side sections 114. Four sling attachment fittings 116, for example sling attachment fittings 116A, are coupled to rear section 112. Sling attachment fittings 116A are preferably located at the four corners of rear section 112. However, sling attachment fittings 116A may be coupled to various locations of rear section 112, and more or less sling attachment fittings 116A may be provided as appropriate. Further, sling attachment fittings 116A may be located on aerial delivery system 100 in any manner configured to allow aerial delivery system 100 to achieve a desired orientation, for example a substantially vertical orientation, once extracted from an aircraft.
Side section 114 may comprise any suitable material or structure configured to be deployed via the cargo door of an aircraft. Further, side section 114 may comprise any suitable material or structure configured to couple with suspension slings and/or other components of aerial delivery system 100. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, an upright side section 114 comprises a substantially planar structure with supporting ribs or other reinforcing elements. In an exemplary embodiment, side section 114 is made of aluminum. In another exemplary embodiment, side section 114 is made of steel. Moreover, in various exemplary embodiments, side section 114 is made of cable, textile material, and/or the like. Side section 114 is coupled to platform 105 and to rear section 112.
In an exemplary embodiment, two sling attachment fittings 116, such as sling attachment fittings 116B, are coupled to each side section 114. Sling attachment fittings 116B are preferably located near the front and rear of each side section 114. However, sling attachment fittings 116B may be coupled to various locations of each side section 112, and more or fewer sling attachment fittings 116B may be provided as appropriate. Further, sling attachment fittings 116B may be located on aerial delivery system 100 in any manner configured to allow aerial delivery system 100 to achieve a desired orientation, for example a substantially horizontal orientation, after a recovery device is deployed. For example, sling attachment fittings may be located at the corners of platform 105. Moreover, any number of sling attachment fittings 116A and/or 116B may be located on aerial delivery system 100 in any manner configured to allow aerial delivery system 100 to achieve a desired attitude after a recovery device is deployed. For example, a sling attachment fitting 116B may be located near the midpoint of each side section 114. These sling attachment fittings 116B, in connection with sling attachment fittings 116B located at the rear of each side section 114, will enable aerial delivery system 100 to achieve an inclined attitude after a stabilization device 150 is deployed.
Stabilization device 150 may comprise any drag or lift-producing device configured to orient aerial delivery system 100 in a desired orientation (for example, a substantially vertical orientation) once extracted from an aircraft. Continuing to reference
In an exemplary embodiment, stabilization device 150 is coupled to aerial delivery system 100 at sling attachment fitting locations 116A. Multiple suspension slings connect sling attachment fitting locations 116A to a parachute release device, for example the parachute release assembly disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,264,205. A webbing suspension riser assembly connects the parachute release device to the stabilization device suspension member convergence point. Moreover, stabilization device 150 may be coupled to aerial delivery system 100 at any suitable location configured to orient aerial delivery system 100 in a desired orientation (for example, a vertical orientation, a horizontal orientation, a partially inclined orientation, and/or the like) once extracted from an aircraft. Further, stabilization device 150 may be coupled to aerial delivery system 100 in a manner configured to allow stabilization device 150 to be separated from aerial delivery system 100.
In an exemplary embodiment, stabilization device 150 functions as an extraction parachute configured to drag aerial delivery system 100 from an aircraft. Alternatively, a separate extraction parachute may drag aerial delivery system 100 from the aircraft. This separate extraction parachute may also function as a pilot parachute to deploy stabilization device 150.
When separated from aerial delivery system 100, stabilization device 150 may trigger deployment of recovery device 160. Alternatively, stabilization device 150 may be separated from aerial delivery system 100 without deploying any recovery device, causing aerial delivery system 100 to fall and consequently be damaged or destroyed upon impact with the ground.
Recovery device 160 may comprise any drag or lift-producing device configured to allow aerial delivery system 100 to be recovered and/or reused. Continuing to reference
In an exemplary embodiment, recovery device 160 is coupled to aerial delivery system assembly 100 at sling attachment fitting locations 116B. Moreover, recovery device 160 may be coupled to aerial delivery system 100 at any suitable location and/or in any suitable manner configured to orient aerial delivery system 100 in a desired orientation (for example, a substantially horizontal orientation, a substantially vertical orientation, and/or the like) once extracted from an aircraft.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, after being extracted from an aircraft, aerial delivery system 100 will begin transitioning to a vertical attitude due to drag produced by stabilization device 150. With aerial delivery system 100 stabilized in a generally vertical attitude, at least one releasable item 199 may be released at the users' discretion. According to an exemplary embodiment, aerial delivery system 100 may contain only one releasable item 199. In other exemplary embodiments, aerial delivery system 100 contains multiple releasable items 199. A releasable item 199 may be configured for any specific purpose. For example, releasable item 199 could be a target for a tracking system; alternatively, releasable item 199 could be a test vehicle, which could be allowed to free fall to obtain a desired velocity for parachute testing; further, releasable item 199 could be a piece of ordnance too large to fit a conventional aircraft. Upon activation of releasable securing mechanism 130, gravity causes releasable item 199 to separate from aerial delivery system 100 under the influence of linear guidance device 120.
In an exemplary embodiment, releasable item 199 is allowed to fall with a ballistic trajectory. In another exemplary embodiment, releasable item 199 is steered, as “smart bombs” are steered. Further, a releasable item 199 may be equipped with a ballistic or guided parachute system. Thus, if multiple releasable items 199 are released, they may all land in one small area or, by using specific time intervals between releases and/or by using drag or lift-producing devices to slow the descent rate or to provide traversing capability of releasable items 199, multiple targets can be reached. Moreover, as discussed below, the attitude and/or azimuth of aerial delivery system 100 may be varied before and/or between releases in order to more effectively direct releasable items 199 toward one or more targets.
Multiple releasable items 199 may be dropped individually, or they may be dropped simultaneously, or they may be released as any combination of the two. For example, successive individual releasable items 199, such as “bunker buster” bombs, may be released, each time-sequenced to arrive in a manner configured to form a successively deeper crater, and then multiple releasable items 199 may be released simultaneously to act as a “knockout punch.”
Further, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments, because releasable items 199 are dependent on gravity to extract them from linear guidance device 120, multiple chemical propelled devices (such as missiles) can be accommodated by individual linear guidance devices 120 (e.g., by delaying rocket motor ignition until each missile has separated from linear guidance device 120). Additionally, because aerial delivery system 100 will have minimal airspeed once extracted from an aircraft, an entire group of releasable items 199 may be released to impact in one concentrated area instead of having a typical carpet-bombing pattern, even if no guidance system is used. Further, release of one or more releasable items 199 may be delayed for an extended period after aerial delivery system 100 has been extracted from an aircraft. In various exemplary embodiments, release of a releasable item 199 from aerial delivery system 100 may be delayed for a time between about five (5) seconds and one (1) minute after extraction of aerial delivery system 100. However, release of a releasable item 199 may be delayed any appropriate amount of time configured to achieve a desired delivery objective for releasable item 199.
If aerial delivery system 100 is to descend into hostile terrain, or into a combat zone, it may be preferable to allow aerial delivery system 100 to simply land at a relatively high rate of descent under stabilization device 150. Alternatively, it may be preferable to release stabilization device 150 in mid-air, causing aerial delivery system 100 to crash, and allowing one or more components of aerial delivery system 100 to be damaged or destroyed. For this purpose, a parachute release mechanism, such as the mechanism disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,264,205, may be suitably employed.
However, aerial delivery system 100 may be expensive and, if conditions allow, it is very likely that a system user will desire to reuse aerial delivery system 100 or a portion thereof. According to an exemplary embodiment, a release mechanism can be used to release stabilization device 150 from aerial delivery system 100. The departing stabilization device 150 may then function as a pilot parachute to deploy a recovery device 160. Recovery device 160 may also be deployed in any suitable manner known in the art.
Moreover, during descent of aerial delivery system 100, it may be desirable to control the attitude of aerial delivery system 100. For example, if a releasable item 199 comprises a chemical-propelled rocket, it may be desirable to allow the rocket to be launched at a certain attitude (for example, at a 90 degree angle to the vertical, at a 135 degree angle to the vertical, and/or the like) rather than directly downward. Accordingly, the aerial delivery system 100 of the present disclosure may be configured to support varied attitudes. With reference now to
However, the attitude of aerial delivery system 100 may be varied by changing the length of one or more slings 210. With reference now to
Moreover, the attitude of aerial delivery system 100 may also be varied by changing the location of one or more sling attachment fittings. With reference now to
In addition to controlling, selecting, and/or otherwise modifying the attitude of aerial delivery system 100, the azimuth of aerial delivery system can be controlled, selected, and/or otherwise modified in order to “point” aerial delivery system 100 in a desired direction. For example, aerial delivery system 100 may be coupled to a guided parachute, and aerial delivery system 100 may thus be “pointed” via operation of the guided parachute. Moreover, aerial delivery system 100 may also be configured to achieve a modified azimuth orientation when coupled to either a guided parachute or a non-guided parachute. For example, aerial delivery system 100 may be further equipped with a rotating mechanism located between the payload portion of aerial delivery system 100 and the parachute. In this manner, aerial delivery system 100 may be configured to achieve a particular azimuth orientation responsive to operation of the rotating mechanism. Such flexibility can be extremely valuable, for example, when orienting chemical-propelled rockets for eventual release and separation from aerial delivery system 100.
Turning now to
In an exemplary embodiment, rotation mechanism 306 comprises an electric motor 302 powered by a battery. Motor 302 may be coupled to control and guidance electronics, for example electronics configured to bring aerial delivery system 100 into a preset azimuth orientation, for example due west (270 degrees). Moreover, motor 302 and/or the associated control and guidance electronics may be configured for remote control, such that the azimuth orientation of aerial delivery system 100 may be repeatedly modified and/or updated, for example responsive to commands from a system operator. Motor 302 further comprises motor shaft 304, which is coupled to a suspension line of parachute 320. Upon activation of motor 302, motor shaft 304 is rotated, and aerial delivery system 100 thus rotates beneath parachute 320 responsive to the rotation of motor shaft 304. In this manner, aerial delivery system 100 may be oriented as desired.
Rotation mechanism 306 may also take advantage of the weight of aerial delivery system 100 to achieve a modified azimuth orientation. With reference now to
Lead screw 312 may comprise any suitable structure configured to translate a linear force (for example, a force exerted by aerial delivery system 100 due to gravity) at least partially into a rotational force. For example, lead screw 312 may comprise a threaded screw, a corkscrew, and/or the like. In an exemplary embodiment, lead screw 312 comprises a low-pitch threaded rod. Lead screw 312 is coupled to nut 314. Lead screw 312 is further configured with an arresting device (for example, a blocking pin) in order to prevent separation of lead screw 312 and nut 314 at the end of travel. Lead screw 312 is further coupled to brake 316 in order to allow aerial delivery system 100 to be controllably rotated beneath parachute 320 as nut 314 “unscrews” along lead screw 312 responsive to the weight of aerial delivery system 100. In an exemplary embodiment, lead screw 312 is an aluminum cylinder configured with a sling attachment fitting at a first end, and a stop pin at a second end. Lead screw 312 is further configured with a threaded outer groove configured to rotatably couple with nut 314. Moreover, lead screw 312 may comprise any suitable material and may be configured in any appropriate manner in order to cause and/or permit rotation of aerial delivery system 100.
Nut 314 may comprise any suitable structure configured to couple to lead screw 312. Further, nut 314 may comprise any suitable structure configured to receive at least a portion of rotational force generated by the interaction of lead screw 312 and nut 314, for example by nut 314 moving along rotating threads of lead screw 312. In an exemplary embodiment, nut 314 is an aluminum structure configured with multiple strap attachment points, and further configured with a threaded inner hole configured to rotatably couple with lead screw 312. However, nut 314 may comprise any suitable material and may be configured in any appropriate manner in order to rotate responsive to the weight of aerial delivery system 100.
Brake 316 may be any suitable device, mechanism, or system configured to retard the rotation of nut 314 along lead screw 312. In an exemplary embodiment, brake 316 comprises a mechanical clamp. In various other exemplary embodiments, brake 316 comprises a band brake controlled by an electromechanical solenoid. Brake 316 is configured to releasably engage with lead screw 312 to prevent and allow movement of nut 314. Moreover, brake 316 may be configured for remote control in order to allow a system operator to controllably modify the azimuth orientation of aerial delivery system 100.
The weight of aerial delivery system 100 beneath parachute 320 provides a downward force, which is at least partially translated into a rotational force by the interaction of lead screw 312 and nut 314. Initially, brake 316 is engaged, preventing nut 314 from “unscrewing” along lead screw 312. As brake 316 is loosened, nut 314 begins to rotate along lead screw 312, resulting in a modified azimuth orientation for aerial delivery system 100. Brake 316 may be re-engaged at any point, fixing nut 314 against lead screw 312 at a desired position. Brake 316 may also be repeatedly engaged and loosened in order to adjust the azimuth orientation of aerial delivery 100 as desired, for example responsive to wind gusts, inadvertent rotation of parachute 320, and/or the like. In this manner, aerial delivery system 100 may be “pointed” in a particular orientation. Moreover, aerial delivery system 100 may be “re-pointed” at a different orientation if desired, via further operation of brake 316. In various embodiments, aerial delivery system 100 may be “re-pointed” any desired number of times, provided further rotation of nut 314 with respect to lead screw 312 is still possible (i.e., provided that nut 314 has not traversed to the end of lead screw 312).
As will be appreciated, the above-illustrated principles regarding attitude and/or azimuth orientation, adjustment, and control for an aerial delivery system 100 may be applied in various settings, configurations, combinations, and/or the like, such that a particular aerial delivery system 100 and associated payload (e.g., one or more releasable items 199) may be rotated, translated, and/or otherwise moved and/or “pointed” in any desired direction relative to the associated stabilization system (e.g., a streamer, a ballute, a drogue parachute, a primary parachute, a recovery parachute, and/or the like). In this manner, an extended loiter time for rockets, cameras, and other useful items over a target area can be achieved.
Aerial delivery system 100 may be configurable and/or adaptable to receive conventional munitions, for example in connection with various adapters and/or the like. With reference now to
Turning now to
In an exemplary embodiment, adapter 455 is configured with internal and external threads. The external threads interface with munition 450; the internal threads are configured to receive shoe 456. Moreover, in various exemplary embodiments, adapter 455 is configured with features, for example threads, configured to allow a shoe, for example shoe 456, to be attached to adapter 455.
With reference now to
In various exemplary embodiments, shoe 456 may be configured with any suitable shape. Shoe 456 may be round, ovoid, spherical, “football” shaped, and/or otherwise curved and/or tapered. In an exemplary embodiment, with particular reference to
In certain exemplary embodiments, adapter 455 and shoe 456 may be integrally formed. For example, a bolt-like structure may be employed, wherein the threaded portion of the bolt may be considered to function as an adapter 455, and the “head” of the bolt may be considered to function as a shoe 456.
Turning now to
In various conventional munition mountings, to provide aft longitudinal restraint it is typical secure a rigid blocking element at the aft of a releasable item 199 (for example, across linear guidance device 120). Conventionally, to provide forward longitudinal restraint, it is typical to install a taut strap assembly in front of, or through, the releasable item 199. Following egress of an aerial delivery system from an aircraft, the taut strap that has prevented the releasable item 199 from moving forward can be severed to allow gravity, or other acceleration forces, to move the releasable item 199 forward under the guidance of linear guidance device 120.
The above described arrangement is completely adequate when only one item is to be released from one linear guidance device. If however, more than one releasable item 199 is coupled to a single linear guidance device (for example installed “nose to tail”), the block used to prevent the first releasable item 199 from moving aft will also prevent the next releasable item 199 from moving forward. This issue can be addressed by various means, such as installing two strap assemblies for each releasable item; one to prevent forward movement and one to prevent aft movement. But, that technique is cumbersome, and often would utilize a tightening means and a cutting or releasing means for each of the strap assemblies.
In contrast, in accordance with principles of the present disclosure and in various exemplary embodiments, in aerial delivery system 100 latch-based release mechanisms can be utilized to provide both forward and aft stabilization of a releasable item 199. Moreover, exemplary latch based release mechanisms can completely remove a locking element from the interior of linear guidance device 120 when the locking element is disengaged to release the first releasable item 199. It will be appreciated that latch-based release mechanisms in accordance with principles of the present disclosure may be utilized in various mounting, retention and/or release applications, and the exemplary embodiments herein directed to munitions coupling are illustrative and not restrictive.
Additional details regarding latch-plate based releasing mechanisms are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,033,507 to Fox entitled “Parachute Release System and Method,” the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
Turning now to
In various exemplary embodiments, inner latch plate 674 may be configured with a slot 675 therethrough; alternatively, inner latch plate 674 may be configured with a notch 675, causing inner latch plate 674 to somewhat resemble an inverted “U.”
In various exemplary embodiments, slot/notch 675 is configured to allow passage of a flexible element 679, such as a cable or cord. Flexible element 679 is coupled to outer latch plate 676 and to locking element 680. By providing some amount of slack in flexible element 679 between outer latch plate 676 and locking element 680, outer latch plate 680 will be allowed to build up rotational velocity and some measure of kinetic energy before the flexible element 679 slack is eliminated and outer latch plate 676 will, therefore, provide an impulse force, through flexible element 679, to snatch locking element 680 out of releasable item 199 and into the structure from which releasable item 199 is being released (for example, into linear guidance device 120).
In various exemplary embodiments, inner latch plate 674 and outer latch plate 676 primarily function as levers. When inner latch plate 674 and outer latch plate 676 are combined to form a latching assembly 660, their mechanical advantage is compounded to provide a very strong force to hold a locking element 680 in place until it is to be released. The efficient compound leverage feature of latching assembly 660 allows a small force to hold outer latch plate 676 in its latched position until such time as a release is to occur, even when a large force is acting to push locking element 680 out of releasable item 199.
In various exemplary embodiments, to secure releasable item 199, it is desirable to place the locking element 680 in shear, which can be very efficiently accomplished with a pin configured as a straight pin (a geometric right cylinder). However, a straight pin also typically uses a strong force to disengage it from releasable item 199 when a shear force is applied between releasable item 199 and the straight pin. It will be appreciated that force to disengage locking element 680 from releasable item 199 could come from a stored energy means, such as a spring, as one example. However, if some locking element 680 shape other than a straight pin is utilized, the shear force between releasable item 199 and locking element 680 can also produce some amount of outward force on locking element 680. Typically, therefore, it is advantageous to provide the terminal portion of locking element 680 with some shape other than straight. And, in various exemplary embodiments it is also advantageous to generally match the cavity shape in releasable item 199 to the shape of locking element 680.
With continued reference to
Continuing to reference
In an exemplary embodiment, outer latch plate 676 is coupled to flexible element 679. In various exemplary embodiments, flexible element 679 passes through notch 675 and is coupled to and/or formed integral with locking element 680. In certain exemplary embodiments, flexible element 679 comprises one or more of textile webbing, textile cordage, metallic cable, monofilament, chain, and/or the like.
In various exemplary embodiments, because many variable factors may be involved in the release of releasable item 199 from aerial delivery system 100, such as the force available to move releasable item 199 relative to the linear guidance device 120, the force available to move locking element 680 from releasable item 199, the space available that may effect the length of the levers (i.e., inner latch plate 674 and/or outer latch plate 676), the friction coefficients of the various components, and/or the like, it may be desirable to adjust the size and/or shape of locking element 680 (and/or and the relative lever lengths of inner latch plate 674 or outer latch plate 676), to accommodate the needs of the user. Furthermore, the user needs, and space available, may be the primary factors used to determine if a flexible element 679, such as a cable, cord, telescoping tube, rod, bell crank, chain, or the like, will be utilized to help extract locking element 680 from releasable item 199.
It will be appreciated that the location of the looking and latching elements with respect to a cavity may be reversed; for example linear guidance mechanism 120 may be configured with one or lore cavities and a releasable item 199 may be configured with a latching assembly 660.
In various exemplary embodiments, multiple latching assemblies 660 may be utilized to couple a releasable item 199 to a linear guidance device 120. For example, multiple latching assemblies 660 may be utilized for particularly large and/or heavy releasable items 199. Additionally, due to space limitations, in certain exemplary embodiments multiple latching assemblies 660 may be employed for a releasable item 199 having a particular weight; however, in other exemplary embodiments wherein additional space is available, a single, larger latching assembly 660 may be employed for a releasable item 199 having that particular weight.
Moreover, multiple locking elements 680 may be utilized with a single inner latch plate 674 and/or outer latch plate 676, to provide more shear force resistance than a single locking element 680 can provide. Additionally, where sufficient space is available for a lengthy latching assembly 660, one latching assembly 660 may be utilized to secure and release locking elements in more than one releasable item 199. If more than one releasable item 199 is to be released from a single linear guidance device 120, multiple latching devices 660 may be disengaged either simultaneously or sequentially.
In various exemplary embodiments, outer latch plate 676 may be secured in place and then disengaged by any suitable means, for example via a cord with a cutter, an explosive fastener, an electrical latch, an electromechanical solenoid, a hydraulic or pneumatic activator, and/or the like.
In various exemplary embodiments, multiple releasable items 199 may be coupled to a single linear guidance device 120. In these exemplary embodiments, each releasable item 199 may be releasably secured to the linear guidance device 120 via at least one latching device 660. The releasable items 199 may be released simultaneously via operation of the respective latching devices 660; alternatively, the releasable item 199 nearest the front of linear guidance device 120 may be released first, with subsequent releasable items 199 released after a delay (which may be adjustable and/or configurable) to enable the prior releasable item to separate from linear guidance device 120.
As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, principles of the present disclosure may be reflected in a computer program product on a tangible computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code means embodied in the storage medium. Any suitable computer-readable storage medium may be utilized, including magnetic storage devices (hard disks, floppy disks, and the like), optical storage devices (CD-ROMs, DVDs, Blu-Ray discs, and the like), flash memory, and/or the like. These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
While the principles of this disclosure have been shown in various embodiments, many modifications of structure, arrangements, proportions, the elements, materials and components, used in practice, which are particularly adapted for a specific environment and operating requirements may be used without departing from the principles and scope of this disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure and may be expressed in the following claims.
In the foregoing specification, principles of the present disclosure have been described with reference to various embodiments. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the specification is to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of principles of the present disclosure. Likewise, benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to various embodiments. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element of any or all the claims. As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Also, as used herein, the terms “coupled,” “coupling,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a physical connection, an electrical connection, a magnetic connection, an optical connection, a communicative connection, a functional connection, and/or any other connection. When language similar to “at least one of A, B, or C” is used in the claims, the phrase is intended to mean any of the following: (1) at least one of A; (2) at least one of B; (3) at least one of C; (4) at least one of A and at least one of B; (5) at least one of B and at least one of C; (6) at least one of A and at least one of C; or (7) at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 13/301,976 filed on Nov. 22, 2011, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0061519 entitled “AERIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM.” U.S. Ser. No. 13/301,976 is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/481,356 filed on Jun. 9, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,083,184 entitled “AERIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM,” U.S. Ser. No. 12/481,356 is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional No. 61/060,394 filed on Jun. 10, 2008 and entitled “AERIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM.” The entire contents of each of the foregoing applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61060394 | Jun 2008 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12481356 | Jun 2009 | US |
| Child | 13301976 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13301976 | Nov 2011 | US |
| Child | 13472235 | US |
