Patent Grant
7520044
The invention relates to an aerosol can fabrication process comprising at least the following steps:
Aerosol cans are generally made from an aluminium-based alloy comprising 99.7% in weight of aluminium, also called A7 or EN AW-1070A according to French standard NF 573-3, or more particularly from an aluminium-based alloy comprising 99.9% in weight of aluminium, also called A5 or EN AW-1050A according to French standard NF EN 573-3. To manufacture the aerosol cans, the alloy used is usually shaped into slugs of predetermined diameter. A strip is obtained by continuous casting, and then hot followed by cold rolling. The slugs are then cut out and thermally annealed. Then the aerosol cans are manufactured from the slugs by means of a cold impact extrusion step before an internal lacquer is applied inside the can and a printing step is performed on the outside wall of the can.
A5 and A7 alloys enable the slugs to be achieved continuously, and they present elongation and ductility properties particularly well-suited to forming aerosol cans. However, the mechanical characteristics of these alloys drop substantially in the application step of a lacquer inside the can. To overcome this drawback and in particular for the can to be able to withstand the internal pressure to which it is subjected in use, the walls of the can have to be thick, which leads to a large consumption of raw material.
The Patent Application FR-A-2457328 proposes to achieve an aerosol can using an aluminium-based alloy of the Aluminium-Magnesium-Silicon (Al—Mg—Si) family. Thus, an aerosol can is achieved from an alloy having the following composition (% in weight): Fe=0.19, Zr<0.01, Si=0.3, Mg=0.34, Cu<0.01, Zn<0.01, Ni<0.01, Ti=0.017, Mn<0.01, Cr<0.01, the balance being aluminium.
As indicated in
Thus, although presenting technical characteristics less sensitive to the thermal treatment performed for polymerization of the internal lacquer, it is nevertheless difficult to achieve such an alloy industrially. Unlike the alloy A5, the alloy proposed in the Patent Application FR-A-2457328 does not in fact enable slugs to be achieved continuously. Moreover, a very costly additional thermal homogenization treatment step has to be performed before the hot then cold rolling step. Finally, it is difficult to cold impact extrude slugs achieved with the proposed alloy.
The object of the invention is to provide a fabrication process leading to aerosol cans having, for the same thickness, improved mechanical properties compared with aerosol cans according to the prior art and more particularly compared with aerosol cans made of A5 alloy. The object of the invention is also to provide a fabrication process remaining easy to implement, able to be industrialized, and less costly.
More particularly, this object is achieved by the fact that cooling of the slugs, after thermal treatment, is forced, and by the fact that the aluminium-based alloy has the following composition, in weight percentage:
According to a development of the invention, the aluminium-based alloy comprises in weight percentage:
According to a preferred embodiment, during the forced cooling step, the temperature of the slugs is reduced exponentially by about 400° C. in two and a half hours.
According to another feature of the invention, forced cooling of the slugs can be performed by forced air or by immersion in water.
Other advantages and features will become more clearly apparent from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given as non-restrictive examples only and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which:
As represented in
Preferably, the silicon, magnesium, manganese and iron contents are respectively strictly greater than 0.35% in weight, 0.25% in weight, 0.05% in weight and 0.12% in weight. More particularly, the alloy preferably comprises, in weight percentage:
Such an alloy in particular enables casting to be performed continuously. Thus, the aluminium-based alloy is melted in a furnace and then continuously cast, in liquid form, on a casting wheel comprising for example a water cooling system.
This enables a continuous solidified strip of aluminium-based alloy to be formed. The strip is wound on a winder after hot rolling before being subsequently unwound to be cold rolled. The rolling operation enables the thickness of a strip to be reduced to a predetermined thickness. The strip is then cut on a cutting press to form slugs or disks of predetermined diameter according to the dimensions required for the final cans.
The slugs then undergo thermal treatment (or annealing) for a time preferably comprised between four and a half and five hours, at a temperature preferably comprised between 465° C. and 490° C. A first annealing phase thus allows to eliminate the soluble oils located at the surface of the slugs in the course of the cutting step, and then the tensions created in the alloy when rolling is performed.
Thermal treatment is followed by a forced cooling step. By forced cooling, we mean that cooling of the slugs is imposed over a relatively short period of time, as opposed to a natural and slow cooling, at ambient temperature. Thus, when forced cooling is performed, the temperature is preferably reduced exponentially by about 400° C. in two and a half hours. For example, for an annealing temperature of 490° C., the temperature of the slug drops from 490° C. to 100° C. in two hours and thirty minutes. Forced cooling is for example performed by immersing the slugs in water or by forced air, i.e. in a blower.
Each slug then undergoes a cold impact extrusion step, which enables obtaining of a hollow cylindrical part forming the aerosol can. Impact extrusion of the slugs is performed by any type of known means in the field of aerosol can fabrication and it may be followed by finishing operations such as trimming of the can, washing, etc.
A layer of lacquer or varnish is then applied to the inside of the can. This layer of lacquer, for example a phenolic epoxy resin, is preferably applied by spraying followed by polymerization, at a temperature comprised between 200° C. and 250° C. for a period of time of less than 10 minutes. For example, the polymerization temperature is comprised between 220° C. and 225° C. and the polymerization time is six minutes. Polymerization at a temperature comprised between 200° C. and 250° C. accelerates the ageing process of the alloy. This has the consequence of very substantially improving the mechanical characteristics of the aerosol can. The can is then subjected to an external printing step designed to form patterns on the outside wall of the can. The can is then completed by a tapering step.
Unlike the alloy described in the Patent Application FR-A-2457328, the use of an aluminium-based alloy as described above and of a forced cooling step leads to an industrial fabrication process that is inexpensive and adaptable to the fabrication process used with the A5 alloy. This also provides aerosol cans having improved mechanical properties, for an equal thickness, compared with those of an aerosol can according to the prior art and more particularly compared with those of an aerosol can made of A5 alloy.
Moreover, performing forced cooling of the slug enables a relatively ductile slug to be obtained, which significantly reduces the extrusion force during the cold impact extrusion step. The extrusion force of a slug that has undergone forced cooling can in fact be reduced by 25% compared with a slug that has undergone slow cooling. It also causes a relatively large ageing effect of the aluminium-based alloy, which gives the can good final mechanical performances and in particular a good mechanical strength once the latter has been formed.
For comparison purposes, a can made with an A5 alloy and a can of the same thickness made with a forced cooling step and with a particular aluminium-based alloy, noted “B alloy”, were mechanically tested. The B alloy has the following weight percentage composition:
Table I below indicates the mechanical performances of the two cans respectively made of A5 alloy and B alloy. Thus, the Brinell hardness (Hb) of two slugs respectively formed by the A5 alloy and B alloy was measured. Tensile strength (Rm), elasticity limit or yield point (R 0.2) and elongation (A50) measurements were then realized on the cans made from these slugs, respectively after the impact extrusion step, after application of the coat of lacquer and on the finished can.
Although the value of the Brinell hardness of the slug made of B alloy is slightly higher than that of the A5 alloy slug, it does however remain perfectly suitable for performing the cold impact extrusion operation.
On the other hand, unlike the A5 alloy, the mechanical performances of the can made of B alloy and in particular the tensile strength do not decrease after polymerization of the coat of lacquer. On the contrary, they increase slightly. Furthermore, the value of the elongation A50 of the can made of B alloy is 3.6% after the polymerization step of the layer of lacquer whereas for the A5 alloy, the elongation value A50 is only 1.3%.
Finally, the mechanical performances of the finished can made of B alloy are substantially greater than those of the finished can made of A5 alloy, the tensile strength being 180 MPa for the B alloy can whereas, for an A5 alloy can, the tensile strength is 133 MPa.
Table II below also indicates first deformation, bursting pressure, vacuum strength and piercing or dent resistance measurements of the two cans.
Thus, the use of an alloy comprising from 0.35 to 0.45% in weight of Si, from 0.25 to 0.40% in weight of Mg, from 0.05 to 0.15% in weight of Mn, from 0.12 to 0.20% in weight of Fe, and up to 0.15% of minor elements, the balance being aluminium, and of a forced cooling steps leads to a slug having extrusion parameters relatively close to those of a slug made of A5 alloy while obtaining better final performances. Moreover, the fabrication process used is inexpensive, easy to implement and able to be industrialized. The gain in mechanical performances also enables aerosol cans to be fabricated with less raw material. For example, to obtain mechanical performances equivalent to those of aerosol cans made from A5 alloy, the thickness of the aerosol cans obtained according to the fabrication process according to the invention can be reduced by 15%.
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