Patent Application
20170000718
The present invention relates to a method of achieving improved hair styling hold using an aerosol dry shampoo. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for achieving improved hair styling hold comprising applying an aerosol composition comprising a particulate tapioca starch.
Aerosol dry shampoos generally work by spraying an aerosol comprising a dry shampoo composition onto the hair. A carrier material in the dry shampoo composition evaporates and a powder remains. The powder absorbs sebum dissolved from the hair and may then fall out or be removed by brushing the hair.
However, known methods of applying aerosol dry shampoo compositions generally leave little hold for styling of the hair. Therefore, there is a need for a method of achieving improved hair styling hold using an aerosol dry shampoo.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of achieving improved hair styling hold comprising applying an aerosol composition to the hair with an apparatus at a spray rate from about 0.4 g/sec to about 0.8 g/sec, wherein said aerosol composition comprises: (a) from about 5% to about 12% particulate tapioca starch; (b) from about 30% to about 50% alcohol; (c) from about 0.5% to about 1% redispersing agent; (d) from about 40% to about 60% propellant; and (e) less than about 1% nonvolatile oil; and depositing from about 0.15 g to about 0.35 g of nonvolatile material from said aerosol composition to the hair when said apparatus is sprayed for about 5 sec from about a 15 cm distance.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided an aerosol composition comprising (a) from about 5% to about 12% particulate tapioca starch; (b) from about 30% to about 50% alcohol; (c) from about 0.5% to about 1% redispersing agent; (d) from about 40% to about 60% propellant; and (e) less than about 1% nonvolatile oil; wherein said particulate tapioca starch is a blend of hydrophobically modified particulate tapioca starch and unmodified particulate tapioca starch; and wherein the ratio of hydrophobically modified particulate tapioca starch to unmodified particulate tapioca starch is 2:1 or greater.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become evident to those skilled in the art from a reading of the present disclosure.
While the specification concludes with the claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the present invention will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
In all embodiments of the present invention, all percentages are by weight of the total composition, unless specifically stated otherwise. All ratios are weight ratios, unless specifically stated otherwise. All ranges are inclusive and combinable. The number of significant digits conveys neither a limitation on the indicated amounts nor on the accuracy of the measurements. All numerical amounts are understood to be modified by the word “about” unless otherwise specifically indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, all measurements are understood to be made at 25° C. and at ambient conditions, where “ambient conditions” means conditions under about one atmosphere of pressure and at about 50% relative humidity. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and do not include carriers or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified.
The term “comprising,” as used herein, means that other steps and other ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added. This term encompasses the terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of.” The compositions and methods/processes of the present invention can comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described herein.
The terms “include,” “includes,” and “including,” as used herein, are meant to be non-limiting and are understood to mean “comprise,” “comprises,” and “comprising,” respectively.
The test methods disclosed in the Test Methods Section of the present application should be used to determine the respective values of the parameters of Applicants' inventions.
Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are in reference to the active portion of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such components or compositions.
All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated. The term “weight percent” may be denoted as “wt. %” herein.
It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
The features of the method, as well as the other aspects and other relevant components, are described in detail hereinafter. All components of the composition described herein should be physically and chemically compatible with the essential components described herein, and should not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.
Formulating specific levels of particulate tapioca starch, alcohol, redispersing agent, propellant, and nonvolatile oil, can improve styling hold of the hair while maintaining the same oil-removing benefit provided by traditional compositions.
The aerosol composition comprises: (a) from about 5% to about 12% particulate tapioca starch; (b) from about 30% to about 50% alcohol; (c) from about 0.5% to about 1% redispersing agent; (d) from about 40% to about 60% propellant; and (e) less than about 1% nonvolatile oil; wherein said aerosol composition is sprayed by an apparatus, wherein said apparatus has a spray rate from about 0.4 g/sec to about 0.8 g/sec, and wherein said apparatus deposits from about 0.15 g to about 0.35 g nonvolatile material from the aerosol composition to a surface when sprayed for about 5 sec from about a 15 cm distance.
The method for achieving improved hair styling hold may include applying an aerosol composition comprising a particulate tapioca starch that is dispersed rather than dissolved in the aerosol composition. The aerosol composition may comprise from about 5% to about 12% particulate tapioca starch, alternatively from about 7% to about 10% particulate tapioca starch, and alternatively from about 8% to about 9% particulate tapioca starch, by weight of the aerosol composition.
The particulate tapioca starch may be selected from the group consisting of hydrophobically modified particulate tapioca starch, hydrophobically unmodified particulate tapioca starch, and combinations thereof. A blend of particulate tapioca starch may comprise from about 4% to about 8% hydrophobically modified particulate tapioca starch, and from about 1% to about 4% unmodified particulate tapioca starch, by weight of the aerosol composition. The ratio of hydrophobically modified particulate tapioca starch to unmodified particulate tapioca starch may be 2:1 or greater.
Hydrophobically modified particulate tapioca starches may be made by a variety of methods, including those discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,375,214, U.S. Pat. No. 7,799,909, U.S. Pat. No. 6,037,466, U.S. Pat. No. 2,852,404, U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,699, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,476.
Modified tapioca particulate starch may be an organically modified particulate tapioca starch or a silicone grafted particulate tapioca starch. Silicone grafted particulate tapioca starch may be purchased under the trade name Dry Flo TS and under the INCI name Tapioca Starch Polymethylsilsesquioxane. Silicone modified particulate tapioca starch may be produced by a reaction of methyl sodium siliconate (polymethylsilsesquioxane) and tapioca starch. Particulate tapioca starch may be sourced from the Cassava root by standard means know in the art. One example of a commercially available silicone modified particulate tapioca starch is CAS no. 68989-12-8.
The method for achieving improved hair styling hold may include applying an aerosol composition comprising an alcohol. The aerosol composition may comprise from about 30% to about 50% alcohol, alternatively from about 31% to about 40% alcohol, and alternatively from about 33% to about 38% alcohol, by weight of the aerosol composition.
The alcohol may be selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 monohydric alcohols. The alcohol may serve as a liquid solvent vehicle. Suitable alcohols may be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and mixtures thereof.
The method for achieving improved hair styling hold may include applying an aerosol composition comprising a propellant. The aerosol composition may comprise from about 40% to about 60% propellant, alternatively from about 50% to about 60% propellant, and alternatively from about 52% to about 57% propellant, by weight of the aerosol composition.
The propellant may comprise one or more volatile materials, which in a gaseous state, may carry the other components of the aerosol composition in particulate or droplet form. The aerosol propellant may have a boiling point within the range of from about −45° C. to about 5° C. The aerosol propellants may be liquefied when packaged in convention aerosol containers under pressure. The rapid boiling of the aerosol propellant upon leaving the aerosol container may aid in the atomization of the other components of the aerosol composition.
Aerosol propellants which may be employed in the aerosol composition may include the chemically-inert hydrocarbons such as propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclopropane, and mixtures thereof, as well as halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorodiluoromethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro ethane, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-2,2-trifluroethane, 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethane, dimethyl ether, monochlorodifluoromethane, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and mixtures thereof. The propellant may comprise hydrocarbons such as isobutane, propane, and butane—these materials may be used for their low ozone reactivity and may be used as individual components where their vapor pressures at 21.1° C. range from about 1.17 Bar to about 7.45 Bar, alternatively from about 1.17 Bar to about 4.83 Bar, and alternatively from about 2.14 Bar to about 3.79 Bar. Suitable propellants include, but are not limited to, propellants that may be miscible (soluble) with the alcohol in the aerosol composition.
The method for achieving improved hair styling hold may include applying an aerosol composition comprising a redispersing agent to help suspend any dispersed solids or liquids within the composition. Including a redispersing agent in the aerosol composition may separate the tapioca starch particles upon settling between uses, thereby preventing the creation of resilient particle aggregates that cannot be broken with reasonable shaking.
As shown in
The inter-fiber friction method emulates the motion of rubbing hair between the thumb and index finger in an up and down direction. Inter-fiber Friction (IFF) evaluates the hair to hair interaction of dried hair tresses, providing a “dry hair feel” measure. An Instron or Texture Analyzer measures hair to hair interaction (resistance/dynamic friction) in both directions while applying a constant pressure to a hair switch, sandwiched between artificial skin surrogates. Friction is the opposing, resistive force between two material surfaces that acts to hinder relative motion between them. Kinetic or Dynamic friction is the force of friction between two moving solid surfaces in contact with each other.
Suitable redispersing agents may include, but are not limited to, any material known or otherwise effective in providing suspending or bulking properties to the composition, or which otherwise provide the desired viscosity to the final product form. The redispersing agent may be insoluble in the aerosol composition. The redispersing agent may be a hydrophilic redispersing agent selected from the group consisting of silica, clays, and mixtures thereof. Suitable hydrophilic silica particles include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic fumed silica particles. The hydrophilic fumed silica particles may each have a total surface area of greater than 100 m2/g. Examples of commercialized silica from Evonik Corporation include Aerosil® 200, Aerosil® 300, Aerosil® R972, and Aerosil® 812. Examples of commercialized silica from Cabot Corporation include CAB-O-SIL® H-5 and CAB-O-SIL® M-5.
Suitable redispersing agents include, but are not limited to hydrophilic clay particles. Examples of commercialized clay from Southern Clay Corporation include Laponite® XLG, Laponite® XLS, Laponite® XL31, and Laponite® D. Other suitable clay particles may include hydrophilic hectorite, laponite, and bentonite clays.
The method for achieving improved hair feel may include applying an aerosol composition comprising a nonvolatile oil. Nonvolatile oil may be used to increase the substantivity of the particulate tapioca starch and/or other benefit agents. The aerosol composition may comprise less than about 1% nonvolatile oil, alternatively less than about 0.5% nonvolatile oil, alternatively less than about 0.25% nonvolatile oil, and alternatively about 0% nonvolatile oil, by weight of the aerosol composition. Inclusion of a nonvolatile oil above 1% by weight of the aerosol composition may decrease absorption characteristics of the particulate starch and the clean feel of the hair.
Suitable nonvolatile oils include, but are not limited to, linear silicones with viscosity values of up to about 100,000 centistoke. The nonvolatile oil may be selected from the group consisting of nonvolatile polar organic solvents such as mono and polyhydric alcohols, fatty mono and polyhydric alcohols, fatty acids, esters of mono and dibasic carboxylic acids with mono and polyhydric alcohols, polyoxyethylenes, polyoxypropylenes, polyalkoxylates ethers of alcohols, and combinations thereof.
The nonvolatile oil may be a water-immiscible liquid under ambient conditions. Specific nonlimiting examples of such nonvolatile oils include propyleneglycol monoisostearate, PPG-3 myristyl ether, PEG-8, 1,2, pentanediol, PPG-14 butylether, dimethyl isosorbide, isopropyl myristate, ethyl laurate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl behenate, decyl acetate, behenyl butyrate, hexadecyl acetate, decyl decanoate, methyl oleate, lauryl laurate, dioctyladipate, and combinations thereof. Other suitable nonvolatile oils which may be used herein are described in Cosmetics, Science, and Technology, Vol. 1, 27-104, edited by Balsam and Sagarin (1972).
The method for achieving improved hair styling hold may include applying an aerosol composition wherein said aerosol composition is sprayed by an apparatus; and wherein the apparatus has a spray rate. The apparatus may be any apparatus suitable for spraying an aerosol composition. The spray rate may be from about 0.4 g/sec to about 0.8 g/sec, alternatively from about 0.5 g/sec to about 0.7 g/sec.
1. Equipment
2. Test Method
The method for achieving improved hair feel may include applying an aerosol composition wherein said aerosol composition is sprayed by an apparatus; and the apparatus deposits a certain amount of nonvolatile material from the aerosol composition. The nonvolatile material from the aerosol composition includes the particulate tapioca starch, the redispersing agent, any additional benefit agent and/or non volatile oil, and any other nonvolatile materials that may be added to the aerosol composition. The apparatus may deposit from about 0.15 g to about 0.35 g nonvolatile material to a surface when sprayed for about 5 sec from about a 15 cm distance, alternatively from about 0.2 g to about 0.3 g nonvolatile material to a surface when sprayed for about 5 sec from about a 15 cm distance.
The aerosol composition may further comprise one or more additional benefit agents. Suitable benefit agents may be selected from the group consisting of anti-dandruff agents, vitamins, lipid soluble vitamins, chelants, perfumes, brighteners, enzymes, sensates, attractants, anti-bacterial agents, dyes, pigments, bleaches, and mixtures thereof.
The aerosol composition may comprise from about 0.1% to about 1% perfume, and alternatively from about 0.1% to about 0.3% perfume.
a. Anti-Dandruff Agent
The aerosol composition may comprise an anti-dandruff agent, which may be an anti-dandruff active particulate. Such anti-dandruff particulate should be physically and chemically compatible with the components of the composition, and should not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.
Suitable anti-dandruff agents may be selected from the group consisting of: pyridinethione salts; azoles, such as ketoconazole, econazole, and elubiol; selenium sulphide; particulate sulfur; keratolytic agents such as salicylic acid; and mixtures thereof.
Pyridinethione salts may be suitable anti-dandruff active particulates. The anti-dandruff active may be a 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salt in particulate form. The concentration of pyridinethione anti-dandruff particulate may range from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt %, or from about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt %, or from about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt %. The pyridinethione salts include those formed from heavy metals such as zinc, tin, cadmium, magnesium, aluminium and zirconium, generally zinc, typically the zinc salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (known as “zinc pyridinethione” or “ZPT”), commonly 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts in platelet particle form. The 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts in platelet particle form have an average particle size of up to about 20 microns, or up to about 5 microns, or up to about 2.5 microns. Salts formed from other cations, such as sodium, may also be suitable. Pyridinethione anti-dandruff actives are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,809,971; U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,733; U.S. Pat. No. 3,753,196; U.S. Pat. No. 3,761,418; U.S. Pat. No. 4,345,080; U.S. Pat. No. 4,323,683; U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,753; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,982.
In addition to the anti-dandruff active selected from polyvalent metal salts of pyrithione, the solution may further comprise one or more anti-fungal and/or anti-microbial actives. The anti-microbial active may be selected from the group consisting of coal tar, sulfur, charcoal, whitfield's ointment, castellani's paint, aluminum chloride, gentian violet, octopirox (piroctone olamine), ciclopirox olamine, undecylenic acid and its metal salts, potassium permanganate, selenium sulphide, sodium thiosulfate, propylene glycol, oil of bitter orange, urea preparations, griseofulvin, 8-hydroxyquinoline ciloquinol, thiobendazole, thiocarbamates, haloprogin, polyenes, hydroxypyridone, morpholine, benzylamine, allylamines (such as terbinafine), tea tree oil, clove leaf oil, coriander, palmarosa, berberine, thyme red, cinnamon oil, cinnamic aldehyde, citronellic acid, hinokitol, ichthyol pale, Sensiva SC-50, Elestab HP-100, azelaic acid, lyticase, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), isothiazalinones such as octyl isothiazalinone, and azoles, and mixtures thereof. The anti-microbial may also be selected from the group consisting of itraconazole, ketoconazole, selenium sulphide, coal tar, and mixtures thereof.
The azole anti-microbials may be an imidazole selected from the group consisting of: benzimidazole, benzothiazole, bifonazole, butaconazole nitrate, climbazole, clotrimazole, croconazole, eberconazole, econazole, elubiol, fenticonazole, fluconazole, flutimazole, isoconazole, ketoconazole, lanoconazole, metronidazole, miconazole, neticonazole, omoconazole, oxiconazole nitrate, sertaconazole, sulconazole nitrate, tioconazole, thiazole, and mixtures thereof, or the azole anti-microbials is a triazole selected from the group consisting of: terconazole, itraconazole, and mixtures thereof. When present in the hair care composition, the azole anti-microbial active may be included in an amount of from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt %, or from about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt %, or from about 0.3 wt % to about 2 wt %. The sole anti-microbial active may be ketoconazole.
The aerosol composition may also comprise a combination of anti-microbial actives. The combination of anti-microbial actives may be selected from the group of combinations consisting of: octopirox and zinc pyrithione, pine tar and sulfur, salicylic acid and zinc pyrithione, salicylic acid and elubiol, zinc pyrithione and elubiol, zinc pyrithione and climbasole, octopirox and climbasole, salicylic acid and octopirox, and mixtures thereof.
The aerosol composition may comprise an effective amount of a zinc-containing layered material. The composition may comprise from about 0.001 wt % to about 10 wt %, or from about 0.01 wt % to about 7 wt %, or from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % of a zinc-containing layered material, by total weight of the composition.
Zinc-containing layered materials may be those with crystal growth primarily occurring in two dimensions. It is conventional to describe layered structures as not only those in which all the atoms are incorporated in well-defined layers, but also those in which there are ions or molecules between the layers, called gallery ions (A. F. Wells “Structural Inorganic Chemistry” Clarendon Press, 1975). Zinc-containing layered materials (ZLMs) may have zinc incorporated in the layers and/or be components of the gallery ions. The following classes of ZLMs represent relatively common examples of the general category and are not intended to be limiting as to the broader scope of materials which fit this definition.
Many ZLMs occur naturally as minerals. The ZLM may be selected from the group consisting of: hydrozincite (zinc carbonate hydroxide), aurichalcite (zinc copper carbonate hydroxide), rosasite (copper zinc carbonate hydroxide), and mixtures thereof. Related minerals that are zinc-containing may also be included in the composition. Natural ZLMs can also occur wherein anionic layer species such as clay-type minerals (e.g., phyllosilicates) contain ion-exchanged zinc gallery ions. All of these natural materials can also be obtained synthetically or formed in situ in a composition or during a production process.
Another common class of ZLMs, which are often, but not always, synthetic, is layered double hydroxides. The ZLM may be a layered double hydroxide conforming to the formula [M2+1−xM3+x(OH)2]x+ Am−x/m·nH2O wherein some or all of the divalent ions (M2+) are zinc ions (Crepaldi, E L, Pava, P C, Tronto, J, Valim, J B J. Colloid Interfac. Sci. 2002, 248, 429-42).
Yet another class of ZLMs can be prepared called hydroxy double salts (Morioka, H., Tagaya, H., Karasu, M, Kadokawa, J, Chiba, K Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 4211-6). The ZLM may be a hydroxy double salt conforming to the formula [M2+1−xM2+1+x(OH)3(1−)]+ An−(1=3y)/n·nH2O where the two metal ions (M2+) may be the same or different. If they are the same and represented by zinc, the formula simplifies to [Zn1+x(OH)2]2x+ 2x A−·nH2O. This latter formula represents (where x=0.4) materials such as zinc hydroxychloride and zinc hydroxynitrate. The ZLM may be zinc hydroxychloride and/or zinc hydroxynitrate. These are related to hydrozincite as well wherein a divalent anion replace the monovalent anion. These materials can also be formed in situ in a composition or in or during a production process.
In aerosol compositions having a zinc-containing layered material and a pyrithione or polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione, the ratio of zinc-containing layered material to pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione is from about 5:100 to about 10:1, or from about 2:10 to about 5:1, or from about 1:2 to about 3:1.
The on-scalp deposition of the anti-dandruff active may be at least about 1 microgram/cm2. The on-scalp deposition of the anti-dandruff active is important in view of ensuring that the anti-dandruff active reaches the scalp where it is able to perform its function. The deposition of the anti-dandruff active on the scalp may be at least about 1.5 microgram/cm2, or at least about 2.5 microgram/cm2, or at least about 3 microgram/cm2, or at least about 4 microgram/cm2, or at least about 6 microgram/cm2, or at least about 7 microgram/cm2, or at least about 8 microgram/cm2, or at least about 8 microgram/cm2, or at least about 10 microgram/cm2. The on-scalp deposition of the anti-dandruff active may be measured by having the hair of individuals washed with a composition comprising an anti-dandruff active by a trained cosmetician according to a conventional washing protocol. The hair is then parted on an area of the scalp to allow an open-ended glass cylinder to be held on the surface while an aliquot of an extraction solution is added and agitated prior to recovery and analytical determination of anti-dandruff active content by conventional methodology, such as HPLC.
The following example in Table 1 is representative of the present invention. The exemplified compositions can be prepared by conventional formulation and mixing techniques. It will be appreciated that other modifications of the aerosol composition within the skill of those in the art can be undertaken without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. All parts, percentages, and ratios herein are by weight unless otherwise specified. Some components may come from suppliers as dilute solutions. The amount stated reflects the weight percent of the active material, unless otherwise specified.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests, or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61664905 | Jun 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13929418 | Jun 2013 | US |
| Child | 15267437 | US |
