In 802.11 network communications, a user of a wireless station may desire to access a network resource. Often a plurality of different access points will be available to a user. At times, some of these networks may provide access to the network resource, whereas others may not. For example, consider wireless network access points in an airport where networks compete for users by offering competitive network pricing.
Networks may or may not offer service to a network resource without cost. Often, network access is provided with a cost. However, there are times when a network provider may offer selective network access without cost such as where economic benefits will inure to the network provider for doing so.
For example, consider a partnership or agreement between network owners or operators that defines permission for users to use networks. The network owners can enlarge their networks by sharing access to their networks. At times the access can be provided without additional cost to the user over the user's payment to access one of many such networks.
For example, multiple networks in different countries or regions could agree to allow common use of each network in each country or region. The use could be without additional cost to that paid for the use in a user's home country or region.
Alternatively, a first commercial establishment may allow access to specific network resources offered by other commercial establishments. The commercial establishments can benefit by sharing patrons.
For example, a hotel might offer free network access to airport/airline websites from within the hotel and the airport/airlines might similarly offer reciprocal access from within an airport. This would allow for mutually beneficial use of the networks leading to repeat business and other economic benefits to the hotel and airport/airline.
When many commercial establishments or networks present a user with access points the user may not know that the networks will allow access without cost. Often the user can have permission to use a partner network to reach a network resource, but will have to try different networks before finding one that she has permission to use. The user can be left wondering which networks are available to her. Such a user could waste time trying to determine which networks will allow access to the network resource.
The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations related therewith are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of the related art will become apparent upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings.
The following examples and aspects thereof are described and illustrated in conjunction with systems, tools, and methods that are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. In various examples, one or more of the above-described problems have been reduced or eliminated, while other examples are directed to other improvements.
A technique for providing a prediction as to whether a resource will be accessible to a user is described. The technique can involve comparing asserted membership in a wireless realm with membership records. Advantageously, a user can be made aware of the likelihood of access to a resource before attempting to reach the resource.
Typically, one or more access points (APs) in range of a station associated with the user can be identified as providing direct or indirect access to a network resource. The APs providing such access, with or without cost depending upon the implementation and/or configuration, can be presented to the user for selection. If the user can attach to the AP and has appropriate membership rights, then the user can access the network resource.
A potential authentication indication (PAI) engine can determine whether it is possible for a station to authenticate to a network. A user of the station can assert membership in a wireless realm, and send the asserted membership to the PAI engine. The PAI engine can compare the asserted membership to membership records, and indicate whether a user having the asserted membership can potentially authenticate with a target network.
Advantageously, the PAI can inform a user of the possibility that the user can authenticate to a target network before trying to authenticate. The PAI can provide a list of networks and the user can select one from the list. By identifying possible networks, the user can save time by avoiding networks that will not allow authentication. Also, the station associated with the user may save power by avoiding unnecessary attempts.
A system designed in accordance with the technique can include a query front-end processing (QFP) engine, a membership comparison engine coupled to the QFP engine, a network resource name (NRN) table coupled to the membership comparison engine, and a network resource access prediction engine coupled to the membership comparison engine and the QFP engine. The QFP engine, membership comparison engine, and NRN table can work together to indicate to a user of a station whether it is possible for the station to authenticate to a target network.
In a method designed with the technique, a station can transmit a query transport protocol (QTP) query to an AP. The query can include an asserted membership of a user in a network, such as a wireless realm, home network, or other applicable network. A response to the QTP query can include an indication as to whether authentication to a target network is possible. Thus, the QTP query is useful in eliciting a response from an AP that indicates whether it is possible to authenticate to a target network. The target network need not be the network in which membership is asserted.
In the following description, several specific details are presented to provide a thorough understanding. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the concepts and techniques disclosed herein can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or in combination with other components, etc. In other instances, well-known implementations or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of various examples disclosed herein.
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The station 102 can include a radio capable of generating signals compatible with communication on one or more networks. The station 102 can transmit and receive data as radio frequency (RF) signals. The radio can operate on any band in which a wireless standard, e.g., 802.11, is standardized. The station 102 can also include multiple radios. For example, the station 102 could include a 2.4 and a 5 GHz radio.
The station 102 can be associated with membership in a network. The network can be, for example, a wireless realm. A “wireless realm” can be a network operated by a particular entity, such as a wireless access provider. A user of the station 102 can purchase or otherwise be given a membership allowing use of the wireless realm such as by various “hot spots” or locations where the entity provides wireless access. At times the entity responsible for the network partners with other wireless access providers to provide access to shared networks. The station 102 can be used to access a resource of a network through the network or a shared network. Of course, the station 102 can also be used to access the resource through some other network, such as a free or subscription network.
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The QTP query is structured to enable the station 102 to query the AP 104. The purpose of the QTP query in this case is to answer the question, “will a user be allowed access to a network resource upon a yet un-attempted access request for the network resource?” The QTP query may or may not be used to answer other questions at the same or other times.
A generic advertising service (GAS) query is an example of a basic structure of an 802.11-compatible QTP. The GAS is a protocol that allows a station to ask questions of an AP and get answers. In the 802.11 standard GAS query, a domain name container includes data sufficient to identify an asserted membership. More generally, an asserted membership is a wireless realm, or data sufficient to identify a wireless realm, in any format.
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The PAI engine 106 compares the membership in the wireless realm(s) to membership access for the network resource. The PAI engine 106 determines whether the station 102 has access to the wireless realm(s) necessary to access the network resource.
The PAI engine 106 provides a response to the AP 104, which transmits a response defining membership access to the network resource to the station 102. The response predicts whether the station will be allowed access to the network resource upon an attempt to access the network resource.
The station 102 receives the response from the AP 104 including an indication of a relationship between the network resource and the membership in the wireless realm. The indication can predict that the station 102 will be allowed access by the AP 104 to the network resource. The response can be displayed to a user of the station 102, or can be automatically acted on by another processor in the station 102.
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In a non-limiting example, a user of the station 612 can attempt to access an airlines reservation website from within an airport. Assume the providers of wireless access have a partnership with the airport allowing access to the reservation site. The user can communicate a request to the AP 610 which can provide the request to the PAI engine 604, and the PAI engine 604 can consider membership required to access the resource 616 to determine whether the user might potentially have appropriate membership rights. A prediction can be provided to the AP 610. As can be noted, the closer the PAI engine 604 is to the AP 610, the shorter the distance (and, presumably, the fewer network resources consumed).
Depending upon the implementation, embodiment, and/or user preferences, a user of the station 612 may decide to attach to the AP 610 only after receiving a favorable prediction.
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The device 802 interfaces to external systems through the communications interface 810, which may include a modem or network interface. It will be appreciated that the communications interface 810 can be considered to be part of the system 800 or a part of the device 802. The communications interface 810 can be an analog modem, ISDN modem or terminal adapter, cable modem, token ring IEEE 802.5 interface, Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface, wireless 802.11 interface, satellite transmission interface (e.g. “direct PC”), WiMAX/IEEE 802.16 interface, Bluetooth interface, cellular/mobile phone interface, third generation (3G) mobile phone interface, code division multiple access (CDMA) interface, Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) interface, general packet radio service (GPRS) interface, Enhanced GPRS (EDGE/EGPRS), High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA) interface, or other interfaces for coupling a computer system to other computer systems.
The processor 808 may be, for example, a conventional microprocessor such as an Intel Pentium microprocessor or Motorola power PC microprocessor. The memory 812 is coupled to the processor 808 by a bus 820. The memory 812 can be Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) and can also include Static RAM (SRAM). The bus 820 couples the processor 808 to the memory 812, also to the non-volatile storage 816, to the display controller 814, and to the I/O controller 818.
The I/O devices 804 can include a keyboard, disk drives, printers, a scanner, and other input and output devices, including a mouse or other pointing device. The display controller 814 may control in the conventional manner a display on the display device 806, which can be, for example, a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD). The display controller 814 and the I/O controller 818 can be implemented with conventional well known technology.
The non-volatile storage 816 is often a magnetic hard disk, flash memory, an optical disk, or another form of storage for large amounts of data. Some of this data is often written, by a direct memory access process, into memory 812 during execution of software in the device 802. One of skill in the art will immediately recognize that the terms “machine-readable medium” or “computer-readable medium” includes any type of storage device that is accessible by the processor 808.
Clock 822 can be any kind of oscillating circuit creating an electrical signal with a precise frequency. In a non-limiting example, clock 822 could be a crystal oscillator using the mechanical resonance of vibrating crystal to generate the electrical signal.
The radio 824 can include any combination of electronic components, for example, transistors, resistors and capacitors. The radio is operable to transmit and/or receive signals.
The system 800 is one example of many possible computer systems which have different architectures. For example, personal computers based on an Intel microprocessor often have multiple buses, one of which can be an I/O bus for the peripherals and one that directly connects the processor 808 and the memory 812 (often referred to as a memory bus). The buses are connected together through bridge components that perform any necessary translation due to differing bus protocols.
Network computers are another type of computer system that can be used in conjunction with the teachings provided herein. Network computers do not usually include a hard disk or other mass storage, and the executable programs are loaded from a network connection into the memory 812 for execution by the processor 808. A Web TV system, which is known in the art, is also considered to be a computer system, but it may lack some of the features shown in
In addition, the system 800 is controlled by operating system software which includes a file management system, such as a disk operating system, which is part of the operating system software. One example of operating system software with its associated file management system software is the family of operating systems known as Windows® from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash., and their associated file management systems. Another example of operating system software with its associated file management system software is the Linux operating system and its associated file management system. The file management system is typically stored in the non-volatile storage 816 and causes the processor 808 to execute the various acts required by the operating system to input and output data and to store data in memory, including storing files on the non-volatile storage 816.
Some portions of the detailed description are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of operations leading to a desired result. The operations are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion, it is Appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
The present example also relates to apparatus for performing the operations herein. This Apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, flash memory, magnetic or optical cards, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other Apparatus. Various general purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized Apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description below. In addition, the present example is not described with reference to any particular programming language, and various examples may thus be implemented using a variety of programming languages.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application 61/083,876, filed Jul. 25, 2008, entitled ROAMING CONSORTIUM, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20100024007 A1 | Jan 2010 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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61083876 | Jul 2008 | US |