The present invention relates to a system and method for remotely completing a certification process for an affordable housing program.
There are many different types of affordable/low-income housing programs available in the U.S. Some housing programs are part of federal programs such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) that offer and manage housing programs to assist individuals in finding housing in participating public or private housing facilities. States also offer affordable/low-income housing programs, which are sometimes referred to as low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) programs. Some programs combine aspects of federal and state housing programs and are referred to as a blended housing program.
Regardless of the type of housing program, the certification process for proving that a resident or applicant is eligible or ineligible for the housing program is typically a complex, arduous, and difficult process for both the resident or applicant and the property management. Before move-in, an applicant must show eligibility for the housing program by completing lengthy questionnaires and forms (typically 20-100 pages or longer) with questions about income and assets of the applicant and other household members. Applicants must also provide documentary proof of income, assets, and eligibility status, such as bank statements, paystubs, court documents related to child support and marital status, and other related documents.
Compliance specialists and property management may assist the applicant in completing the questionnaires and forms and obtaining documents required to complete the certification process. The certification process may require multiple on-site, in person visits between the applicant, property management, and compliance specialists. Each visit may take several hours and may include additional trips to employers, banks, and other locations to obtain verification and documentation required to participate in the housing program.
Property management must confirm that the certification process is completed correctly for each resident in the housing program or risk government penalties. The certification process must occur every time a new resident moves in who pays no rent or reduced rent as part of their inclusion in the housing program, and at least once a year thereafter in a recertification process. Some affordable housing programs offered by HUD require recertification any time there is any change to income, assets, and other eligibility considerations of a household, which means that recertification may occur multiple times per year, meaning that a resident may have to endure the lengthy, arduous process of filling out all required questionnaires and forms and obtaining all necessary documents more than once a year. For most residents and application, the way in which the certification process is currently completed, requiring in person, on-site visits and physical forms and documents, is an antiquated and dreaded process. The amount of time and energy spent by property managers to complete mass certifications for multiple applicants and residents is not insignificant. For applicants and residents who are disabled, elderly, or have other considerations, it is not easy to go back and forth to the offices of their property managers and compliance specialists to complete each step and task of the certification process. The ongoing worldwide pandemic due to COVID-19 makes it even harder and riskier for individuals to meet in person to complete the certification process.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved system and method for applicants to an affordable housing program and property managers to complete the required certification process.
According to some aspects of this disclosure, a system for validating a remote certification for a housing program is provided. The system comprises a processor and a memory coupled to the processor and storing instructions configured to cause the processor to implement a housing application. The housing application presents an interface to an applicant to enable the applicant to provide information required to complete the certification. A machine learning algorithm is trained using labelled input training data and labelled output training data to produce an artificial intelligence (AI) model that detects errors or discrepancies in answers provided by the applicant.
Questions are presented to the applicant through the application that correspond to fillable fields in associated questionnaires, forms, or documents. Answers from the applicant to the questions are received via the application and analyzed by the AI model for errors or discrepancies. If errors or discrepancies are found, the applicant is notified of the errors or discrepancies and providing with access to a report that lists the errors or discrepancies. Next, second questions are presented to the applicant that also correspond to the fillable fields in the associated questionnaires, forms, or documents, but in a different order or manner. Updated answers are received from the applicant, and correct answers are extracted from the updated answers and mapped to the fillable fields in the associated questionnaires, forms or documents.
The AI model may initiate a certification process to verify continued eligibility for the certification after receiving a notification of a household change from the applicant. The AI model may review the household change and notify the applicant as to whether the applicant has continued eligibility for the certification. The AI model may review the updated answers to determine whether verification or documentation of a third party needed for the certification has been provided. If the verification or documentation of the third party has not been provided, automated requests are sent to the third party for the verification or documentation. To prevent fraud, the AI model may flag discrepancies and initiate reviews, such as by conducting a one-on-one video conference meeting with the tenant.
Verification or documentation received from third parties is stored and labeled as relating to income verification, asset verification, or employment verification. For documents labeled as relating to asset verification, income verification, or employment verification, the interface displays a name of the document, the type of certification, individuals who can access the document, a status of the document, and an ability to edit the document. A completed set of questionnaires, forms, or documents to be submitted for the certification is assembled and stored for future auditing.
In some implementations, the AI model is trained on standards and requirements of the affordable/low-income housing program and automatically determines eligibility of a household by applying the standards and requirements to the received answers.
In some implementations, the AI model automatically notifies any third party that needs to provide third party verifications and documentation.
In some implementations, the AI model analyzes household changes and if appropriate automatically initiates the certification process.
In some implementations, the AI model serves as an interactive guide, offering users guidance on the affordable/low-income housing program in which the tenant is applying or participating.
In some implementations, the machine learning algorithm comprises a recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short-term-memory (LSTM) cells.
In some implementations, the machine learning algorithm comprises a regression model that infers annual income based on pay frequencies and pay rates and to assess eligibility against housing program requirements.
Other features, aspects, and advantages of this disclosure will be apparent from the following description, drawings, and appended claims.
Embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the drawings. The drawings are provided to illustrate selected embodiments only and not all possible implementations, and do not limit the scope of this disclosure.
This description is drawn to an innovative computer implemented system for electronic completion of housing certifications that can eliminate in-person certification appointments and multiple visits to a physical office. The system includes third-party automated and manual verification processes, certification automation based on a household's due date, 24/7 certification assistance, and storage of completed electronic certifications for future reference by property management, a resident/applicant, a compliance specialist, or an administrator.
Computing device 101 of system 100 may be any type of computing device known or created in the future including, without limitation, fixed in place computers, such as desktop computers, and mobile computing devices. Mobile computing devices may include, but are not limited to, laptop computers, smartphones, mobile phones, tablets, wearable electronic computing devices such as watches or glasses, or any other type of mobile computing device. Further, computing device 101 may include televisions that are not necessarily mobile and may be attached to or positioned on furniture or to a wall or another fixture. Computing device 101 can perform the methods described herein and can function as a host computer system, a remote kiosk/terminal, a point-of-sale device, a mobile device, a set-top box, or any other computer system.
Computing device 101 may be any type of computing device or information handling system from small handheld computers/mobile telephones to large mainframe computers. Some non-limiting examples of handheld computing devices include personal digital assistants (PDAs), personal entertainment devices, MP3 players, portable televisions, and compact disc players. Other non-limiting examples of computing devices 101 include laptops, notebooks, workstation computers, personal computer systems, and servers (e.g., servers 141). Computing devices 101 may be used by the various parties described herein and may be connected on a computer network, such as computer network 142. Non-limiting examples of computer networks that may be used to interconnect the various information handling systems include local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), the Internet (e.g., World Wide Web), the public switched telephone network (PSTN), other wireless networks, and any other network topology that can interconnect information handling systems.
Computing device 101 may comprise hardware elements that are electrically coupled via bus 102 (or otherwise in communication, as appropriate). The hardware elements of computing device 101 may include one or more processors 104, including without limitation one or more general-purpose processors and/or one or more special-purpose processors (such as digital signal processing chips, graphics acceleration processors, and the like). Computing device 101 further comprises one or more input devices 106, such as (without limitation) cameras, sensors (including inertial sensors), a mouse, a keyboard, and the like, that may be utilized in the implementation of affordable housing application 128.
Computing device 101 may further include one or more output devices 108 such as a device display. In some embodiments, input device 106 and output device 108 may be integrated, for example, in a touch screen or capacitive display as commonly found on mobile computing devices, desktop computers, and laptops.
Processors 104 may have access to a memory such as memory 120. Memory 120 may include various hardware devices for volatile and non-volatile storage and may include both read-only and writable memory. For example, memory 120 may comprise random access memory (RAM), central processing unit (CPU) registers, read-only memory (ROM), and writable non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard drives, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, magnetic storage devices, tape drives, device buffers, and so forth. Memory 120 is non-transitory and is not a propagating signal divorced from underlying hardware. Memory 120 may include program memory 122 for storing programs and software, such as operating system 126, affordable housing application 128, and other programs and software. Memory 120 may also include data memory 124 for storing database query results, configuration data, settings, user options or preferences, etc., that are provided to program memory 122 or any other element of computing device 101.
Computing device 101 may include (and/or be in communication with) additional non-transitory storage devices such as, without limitation, local and/or network accessible storage, a disk drive, a drive array, an optical storage device, a solid-state storage device such as a random access memory (“RAM”) and/or a read-only memory (“ROM”), which can be programmable, flash-updateable and the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any appropriate data storage, including without limitation, various file systems, database structures, and the like. The storage devices may be non-volatile data storage devices in some embodiments. Computing device 101 may be able to access removable nonvolatile storage devices that can be shared among two or more information handling systems (e.g., computing devices) using various techniques, such as connecting the removable nonvolatile storage device to a USB port or other connector of the information handling systems.
Computing device 101 may include communications subsystem 110, which may comprise (without limitation) a modem, a wired or wireless network card, an infrared communication device, a wireless communication device and/or chipset (such as a Bluetooth™ device, an 802.11 device, a WiFi device, a WiMax device, cellular communication facilities, etc.), and the like. Communications subsystem 110 may permit data exchange with a network (e.g., such as network 142), other computer systems, and other devices.
Computing device 101 and system 100 may comprise software elements, shown as located within memory 120, such as operating system 126, device drivers, executable libraries, and other code, which may comprise computer programs provided by various embodiments, and may implement methods and configure systems provided by other embodiments. By way of example, one or more methods described herein may be implemented as code or instructions executable by a computer or a processor within a computer. Such code or instructions may be used to configure or adapt computing device 101 to perform one or more methods described herein.
A set of such instructions or code may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium incorporated within or separate from computing device 101 (e.g., a removable medium, such as a compact disc or USB stick), or provided in an installation package, such that the storage medium can be used to program, configure, or adapt a general-purpose computer with the instructions/code stored thereon. These instructions might take the form of code that is executable by computing device 101 or source or installable code that, upon compilation and/or installation on computing device 101 (using any of a variety of generally available compilers, installation programs, compression/decompression utilities, etc.), then takes the form of executable code.
Substantial variations may be made in accordance with specific requirements. For example, customized hardware may be used, and particular elements may be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets, etc.), or both. Further, connection to other computing devices such as network input/output devices may be employed.
Some embodiments may employ a computer system such as computing system 100 to perform methods in accordance with the disclosure. For example, some of the described methods may be performed by computing device 101 in response to processor(s) 104 executing sequences of instructions that may be incorporated into operating system 126 or stored in memory 120. Such instructions may be read into memory 120 from another computer-readable medium or storage device.
The terms “machine-readable medium” and “computer-readable medium,” as used herein, refer to any medium that participates in providing data that causes a machine to operate in a specific fashion. Various computer-readable media might be involved in providing instructions/code to processor(s) 104 for execution and storing such instructions/code. A computer-readable medium may be a physical and/or tangible storage medium and may take many forms, such as non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media may include, for example, optical and/or magnetic disks which may be an example of storage devices. Volatile media may include, for example, dynamic memory, which may be a type of memory included in memory 120. Transmission media may include, for example, coaxial cables, copper wire, and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus 102 and various components of communications subsystem 110 (and/or the media by which communications subsystem 110 provides communication with other devices). Transmission media may also take the form of waves such as radio, acoustic, and light waves that may be generated during radio-wave and infrared data communications.
Common forms of physical and tangible computer-readable media include, for example, floppy disks, flexible disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, or other magnetic mediums, CD-ROMs or other optical mediums, other physical mediums with patterns of holes, RAMs, PROMs, EPROMs, FLASH-EPROMs, other memory chips or cartridges, or any other medium from which a computer can read instructions or code.
Various forms of computer-readable media may be involved in carrying sequences of instructions to processor(s) 104 for execution. For example, the instructions may initially be carried on a magnetic or optical disc of a remote computer. The remote computer may load the instructions into its dynamic memory and send the instructions as signals over a transmission medium to be received and executed by computer system 100. These signals, which may be in the form of electromagnetic signals, acoustic signals, optical signals and the like, are examples of carrier waves on which instructions may be encoded, in accordance with various embodiments.
Communications subsystem 110 and its components generally receive the signals, and bus 102 then carries the signals (and the data, instructions, etc. carried by the signals) to memory 120, from which processor(s) 104 retrieves and executes the instructions. The instructions received by memory 120 may optionally be stored on a non-transitory storage device before or after execution by processor(s) 104.
In one or more embodiments, computing device 101 is in communication with one or more networks, such as network 142. Network 142 may include a local area network (LAN) such as a company Intranet, a metropolitan area network (MAN), or a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet or World Wide Web. Network 142 may be a private network, a public network, or a combination thereof. Network 142 may be any other known type of network including a telecommunications network, a wireless network (including Wi-Fi), and a wireline network. Network 142 may include mobile telephone networks utilizing any protocol or protocols to communicate among mobile digital computing devices (e.g., computing device 101), such as GSM, GPRS, UMTS, AMPS, TDMA, or CDMA. In some embodiments, different types of data may be transmitted via network 142 via different protocols. In some embodiments, computing device 101 may act as a standalone device or may operate as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer or distributed network environment.
Network 142 may further include a system of terminals, gateways, and routers. Network 142 may employ one or more cellular access technologies such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, global system for mobile communication (GSM), general packet radio services (GPRS), enhanced data GSM environment (EDGE), and other access technologies that may provide broader coverage between computing devices if, for instance, they are in a remote location not accessible by other networks.
Computing device 101 may include a web browser 130 that accesses one or more web applications that are accessible by network 142 and may be located on the Internet or World Wide Web. Web browser 130 may include a variety of hardware, software, and firmware generally operative to present a web application to a user via output device 108 (e.g., touchscreen, monitor, or display device). Non-limiting examples of suitable web browsers include MICROSOFT EXPLORER, MOZILLA FIREFOX, and APPLE SAFARI. Web browser 130 may be previously installed by a manufacturer or company associated with computing device 101, or may be downloaded onto computing device 101. Web browser 130 may be stored in a separate storage device or memory 120.
In one or more non-limiting embodiments, affordable housing application 128 is a software program or module configured to allow user 132 to remotely and electronically complete one or more certification processes. Affordable housing application 128 allows user 132 to upload all required affordable housing program documents to complete certification electronically (through affordable housing application 128). Affordable housing application 128 is particularly useful for completing electronic certifications for applicants/residents who reside at an apartment or other facility that is part of a federal, state, or other affordable or low-income housing program. As shown in
In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 may be implemented as a downloadable program or application storable on user computing device 101 for easy accessibility and viewability. Affordable housing application 128 may alternatively be implemented as a web service that is designed to implement a set of tasks accessible from multiple computing devices, such as computing device 101 over network 142. In one example, affordable housing application 128 is implemented as a web service accessible using the World Wide Web, although any other type of network including cellular networks may be used. Thus, user 132 may download affordable housing application 128 on computing device 101 and use input devices 106 to enter data pertinent to the user's housing application. Output device 108 (e.g., a display screen) may display pertinent forms, images, instructions, and fields viewable in the affordable housing application 128.
User 132 may invoke a series of web service calls via requests to servers 141 of hosting system 138 that may host affordable housing application 128. In some embodiments, hosting system 138 is a cloud-based type hosting system. “Cloud-based” refers to applications (such as affordable housing application 128), services, or other resources made available on demand via network 142 from a server of a cloud computing provider to user 132. Administrative entity 136 may be the cloud computing provider and provide access to servers 141, data storage systems 140, and other systems in conjunction with operation and maintenance of affordable housing application 128. Data storage systems 140 may provide access to stored data by applications running on computing device 101, which may be geographically separate from each other, may provide offsite data backup and restore functionality, may provide additional data storage and storage functionality to computing device 101.
Hosting system 138 may be implemented as a web service in some embodiments, with a corresponding set of web service application programming interfaces (APIs). The web service APIs may be implemented, for example, as a representational state transfer (REST)-based hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) interface or as a simple object access protocol (SOAP)-based interface. Any suitable programming language may be used to create and operate affordable housing application 128 as a web service, including without limitation .Net, Java, and XML. Further, affordable housing application 128 as a web service may use standardized industry protocol for communication and may include well-defined protocols such as service transport, XML messaging, service description, and service discovery layers in the web services protocol stack. Hosting system 138 may be implemented by one or more servers 141 and such that client applications (such as those executing on computing device 101) can store, retrieve, or otherwise manipulate data objects in hosting system 138.
In some embodiments, administrative entity 136 is the provider and creator of affordable housing application 128. Administrative entity 136 may make affordable housing application 128 available to any client or user, such as user 132, who wants to use the features of affordable housing application 128. Administrative entity 136 may manipulate and alter affordable housing application 128 remotely to affect operation and maintenance of affordable housing application 128 as stored on servers 141 and/or data storage devices 140. While administrative entity 136 is depicted in
In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 is a downloadable software module that may be downloaded and stored directly on computing device 101 and that may be accessible from the cloud or another system via network 142. Accordingly, affordable housing application 128 may be downloaded onto computing device 101 as a computer-based application and software module that runs on computing device 101. In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 is preinstalled on computing device 101 by a manufacturer, designer, or other entity. Affordable housing application 128 may be built or otherwise integrated into existing platforms such as (without limitation) a website, a third-party program, iOS™, Android™, Snapchat™, Getty Images™, Instagram™, Facebook™, or any other platform capable of transmitting, receiving, and presenting data.
Affordable housing application 128 may be stored on computing device 101 and may also be stored on or otherwise accessible by servers 141 over network 142. Computing device 101 comprises memory 120 storing instructions that when executed by processors 104 causes computing device 101 to perform operations to implement affordable housing application 128.
Resident/applicant 202, property management 204, compliance specialist 206, administrator 136, and program representative/agent 236 may access affordable housing application 128 as a web service from computing device 101 over network 142. Each of these parties may have various reasons for using affordable housing application 128 for remote and electronic certification process 208. Affordable housing application 128 may alternatively be downloaded and stored as a software program on the computing device 101.
Resident/applicant 202 refers to the applicant, tenant, or resident of an affordable/low-income housing program 214. In this regard, the terms “applicant”, “tenant”, and “resident” are interchangeably herein.
Property management 204 refers to a party that manages or runs a residential facility, complex, or location, such as a house, apartment, condo, or other type of residence. Property management 204 may include leasing managers and staff working for or owning a property, and may include private and public landlords.
Compliance specialist 206 is a specialized and qualified individual that confirms that resident/applicant 202 is in compliance with all requirements and the certification process 208 for a particular housing program 214. Compliance specialist 206 is knowledgeable in issues related to eligibility guidelines, rent calculations, income and asset guidelines, allowances and adjusted income guidelines, eligibility verification, billing, screening guidelines, re-certification, claims and fraud, and guideline changes such as income calculations and reporting procedures. Compliance specialist 206 may confirm that applicant/resident 202 and property management 204 are in compliance with the certification guidelines for housing program 214. In some cases, property management 204 may work with compliance specialist 206 rather than confirming compliance on their own. Compliance specialist 206 may be an employee or contractor hired by property management 204 to ensure compliance with guidelines for housing program 214.
Administrator 136 manages and operates affordable housing application 128 on behalf of its users such as resident/applicant 202, property management 204, compliance specialist 206, and representative/agent 236. Administrator 136 may have add or edit accounts for these or any other users.
Representative/agent 236 may represent affordable/low-income housing program 214, regardless of whether housing program 214 is run by a government agency, a private agency, or a combination thereof. Representative/agent 236 may remotely view and audit documents and other items related to any type of certification 108, including an initial certification 238, an annual certification 240, an interim certification 242, a transfer certification 244, and a move out certification 246.
Initial certification 238 may occur when resident/applicant 202 first or initially moves into an affordable housing location and is eligible to participate in housing program 214. Annual certification 240 is required each year and may be at a particular date and time to ensure that resident/applicant 202 is still eligible and qualifies to be enrolled in housing program 214. Each resident/applicant 202 must annually re-certify that their information is correct and consistent as stated on their initial application forms. Current income and family composition, for example, may be considered to determine whether resident/applicant 202 remains eligible for housing program 214. Transfer certification 244 may be needed to transfer resident/applicant 202 to another housing program 214. Move out certification 246 must occur when applicant/resident 202 moves out of an affordable housing/low-income housing location. Some or all of certifications 208 may be required by law and may subject resident/applicant 202 and property management 204 to fines and penalties if not completed.
Thus, resident/applicant 202 and property management 204 must comply with many legal and certification requirements for a particular affordable/low-income housing program 214. Because each type of certification 208 has its own forms, questionnaires, status updates, and documents, timelines, and deadlines, it can become an overwhelming and time consuming process. Further, current systems do not allow for remote certification and require resident/applicant 202 to meet in person with property management 204 and/or compliance specialist 206 to complete and sign questionnaires 222, forms 224, and other documents necessary to complete certifications 208, which puts a burden on resident/applicant 202 to find time and manage resources to travel to and meet with property management 204 and/or compliance specialist 206.
Affordable/low-income housing program 214 may include, without limitation, federally-based department of housing and urban development (HUD) programs 216, low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) programs 218 that are typically state-based, and blended programs 220 that may combine elements of HUD programs 216 and LIHTC programs 218. Programs 214 typically have various rules and guidelines to ensure that residents/applicants 202 are eligible and in compliance with all requirements of the housing program. Each housing program 214 typically has its own set of questionnaires 222 and forms 224 that must be completed for a resident/applicant 202 to qualify. Questionnaires 222 and forms 224 may include numerous and difficult questions that resident/applicant 202 may not fully understand, leading to substantial time being spent (frequently in person) between resident/applicant 202, property management 204, in answering such questions. Other supporting documents such as personal identification, proof of citizenship, bank statements, pay stubs, and other evidence of income and assets, court documents, and other criteria may also be required.
Certification 208 is the process of ensuring asset verification 230, income verification 232, and eligibility/status 234 checks for any resident/applicant 202 seeking to qualify for an affordable/low-income housing program 214. As noted above, certification 208 includes an initial or move-in certification 238 when an applicant/resident 202 initially moves into a housing facility or unit of housing program 214, which is typically the first certification process that occurs when a resident/applicant 202 moves into a specific facility. Certification 208 further entails annual certification 240 in which resident/applicant 202 must complete the same or updated questionnaires 222 and forms 224 and again provide all required supporting documents. HUD programs 216 also require that resident/applicant 202 recertify whenever there is any income change or an income change over a threshold amount. Resident/applicant 202 must correctly complete all questionnaires 222, forms 224 and provide all necessary supporting documentation.
Once all questionnaires 222, forms 224, and required supporting documents have been completed and provided, a completed certification 208 may be provided to program representative/agent 236 and may be stored for future reference and audits by administrators associated with housing program 214. In some embodiments, completed certifications 208 are stored with property management 204, which is typically audited at least once a year by administrators of housing program 214. Resident/applicant 202 may also keep and store a copy of the completed certification 208.
It is often difficult for resident/applicant 202 to fully understand all guidelines and requirements required for the certification process 208 of various housing programs 214, leading resident/applicants 202 to turn to property management 204 or compliance specialist 206 for help in filling out questionnaires 222 and forms 224. Further, resident/applicant 202, property management 204, and compliance specialist 206 must usually meet in person multiple times to complete questionnaires 222 and forms 224. There are also many specific deadlines and dates that must be met during certification process 208.
Advantageously, affordable housing application 128 allows resident/applicant 202 to remotely provide all necessary information for any certification 208 through a computing device 101. In this regard, the terms “remote certification” and “electronic certification” are used interchangeably herein. Property management 204 and compliance specialist 206 may also beneficially access affordable housing application 128 and enter or edit any necessary information. Further, and as explained with respect to
In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 is a software program or service that maps obtained information and answers from the resident/applicant 202, property management 204, and compliance specialist 206 into corresponding fields and questions in questionnaires 222 or forms 224. For example, affordable housing application 128 may prompt resident/applicant 202 to provide answers to questions that provide answers for questionnaire 222 as shown in
In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 includes machine learning (ML) algorithm 250 that is trained to make instant eligibility decisions, provide guidance to the user through certification process 208, detect errors or discrepancies 2206, and many other functions, as is further explained with respect to
Thus, affordable housing application 128 is a one-stop location for all needs of resident/applicant 202, property management 204, compliance specialist 206, administrator 136, and any other party associated with housing program 214. In addition to the features described above, affordable housing application 128 may send reminders of pending deadlines and past due dates to parties using housing application 128 such as resident/applicant 202, property management 204, compliance specialist 206, and administrator 136.
Income questionnaire 1106 under pending forms icon 1112 includes questions about income for resident/applicant 202. Tenant income certification questionnaire 222 of FIGS. 9-10, which is an actual questionnaire required by a government funded housing program 214, is one example of such an income questionnaire 1106. Questionnaire 222 of
Income questionnaire 1106 is available on affordable housing application 128 for resident/applicant 202 to view, complete, and sign as needed. Interface 1100 shows that questionnaire 1106 is for an initial certification 238, which is needed because resident/applicant 202 is moving into a property participating in housing program 214 that requires initial certification 238 to be completed and stored for future auditing by a program representative/agent 236. Any party with access to the profile of resident/applicant 202 as shown in interface 100, including but not limited to resident/applicant 202, property management 204, compliance specialist 206, and administrator 136, may view and edit income questionnaire 1106 and its status as a pending form to be completed and signed. Resident/applicant 202 may remotely access affordable housing application 128 via network 142 and use input devices 106 of computing device 101 to answer any questions, fields, or other entries in income questionnaire 1106. In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 may pose specific questions organized and prepared in advance (e.g., by administrator 136 or compliance specialist 206 or another party) that track the questions, fields, or other entries needed in income questionnaire 1106. Another interface of affordable housing application 128 may post these questions to resident/applicant 202. Any answers provided by resident/applicant 202 may be extracted and mapped to specific questions, fields, and entries of questionnaire 1106, and affordable housing application 128 may populate the data needed for questionnaire 1106 by extracting answers from resident/applicant 202 and mapping the answers to questionnaire 1106. Further, affordable housing application 128 may include selectable explanatory boxes or interfaces to provide help and guidance in understanding any question, field, or entry of form 224 or questionnaire 222.
Interface 1200 of
Interface 1300 of
A reviewing party, such as property management 204, compliance specialist 206, or administrator 136, reviews or audits the responses of a resident/applicant 202 to questionnaires 222, forms 224, and other documents for accuracy. Affordable housing application 128 may include an error checking analyzer that checks for errors and discrepancies in completed questionnaires 222, forms 224, and other documents. In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 includes AI model (trained ML algorithm) 250 that implements the error checking analyzer function and detects any errors and discrepancies. Thus, via interfaces such as interface 1300, affordable housing application 128 facilitates a remote certification process 208 between multiple users and ensures the accuracy and correctness of supplied information before approving a completed certification 208 for future review and auditing by a program representative/agent 236 of housing program 214.
Pre-compiled set of questions 2202 may be prepared by one or more parties with knowledge of the documents and items required for certification 208, including, such as property management 204, compliance specialist 206, administrator 136, or another party. Pre-complied set of questions 2202 may comprise digital questions and requests for information that relate to questions or statements included in questionnaire 222, form 224 or other documents associated with housing program 214. As shown in
Pre-compiled set of questions 2202 may be organized and assembled in a single or multiple interfaces of affordable housing application 128. Resident/applicant 202 may start, stop, and pause the process when providing answers 2204 to pre-compiled set of questions 2202, thus giving resident/applicant 202 the time and ability to collect information needed to respond to pre-compiled set of questions 2202. Accordingly, affordable housing application 128 may dedicate space in its memory and processing to automatically save partially completed pre-compiled set of questions 2202. It is noted that questionnaires 222 and forms 224 required by each type of certification 208 usually involve numerous and lengthy questions/statements for verification that take a great deal of time and attention from resident/applicant 202. Pre-compiled set of questions 2202 may be a simplified version of the same questions/statements from questionnaires 222 and forms 224, but as discussed above are not presented necessarily in the same order or manner as shown on questionnaire 222 and forms 224. Affordable housing application 128 may further include selectable and digitally presented explanations for the questions in pre-compiled set of questions 2202, such as pop-up windows and/or video tutorials with explanations and example answers.
In some embodiments, answers 2204 to pre-compiled set of questions 2202 are submitted for analysis to AI model 250, which is trained to detect errors and discrepancies 2206 in answers 2204. In one non-limiting embodiment, AI model 250 is a supervised ML algorithm trained by labelled input and output training data. Alternatively, AI model 250 may be an unsupervised ML algorithm trained by unlabeled or raw data. Input and training data for AI model 250 may be provided by administrator 136, compliance specialist 206, and property management 204. AI model 250 thus serves as a quality control module to ensure that answers 2204 are free from inconsistencies and errors/discrepancies 2206. AI model 250 may create digital report 2208 that lists and summarizes errors/discrepancies 2206 and can be viewed via interfaces of housing application 128. Digital report 2208 may also be sent via email, instant message, text, fax, or other means to one or more parties including resident/applicant 202, compliance specialist 206, and property management 204.
Once answers 2204 have been analyzed by AI model 250 for error and discrepancies 2206, second questions may be posed to the applicant that correspond to the fillable fields in the associated questionnaires, forms, or documents but in a different order or manner. An updated set of answers 2210 to the second questions is then assembled. Updated answers 2210 may be provided by resident/applicant 202, compliance specialist 206 and/or property management 204. Further, in some embodiments, AI model 250 may provide or assist in providing updated answers 2210. In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 may assemble and organize updated answers 2210 into a completed set of questionnaires, forms, and documents 2214 with answers extracted from updated answers 2210. That is, affordable housing application 128 is configured to extract answers from updated answers 2210 and map the extracted answers to specific spaces/fillable fields 904 in questionnaires 222 and forms 224 (see
In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 scans and reviews answers 2204/2210 to determine whether any of answers 2204/2210 require third party verifications or documentation. Such third party verifications or documentation may be received from employers, financial institutions, legal agents or representatives, or any other party that can provide corroborating information or documentation regarding assets, employers, household, and student verifications for resident/applicant 202. In some embodiments, AI model 250 may automatically notify any third party (via notifications 2212) that needs to provide third party verifications and documentation. In some embodiments, a database accessible by affordable housing application 128 may include emails, fax numbers, etc. for contacts associated with third parties needed for verification and documentation. If third party verification or documentation is required, affordable housing application 128 may send notifications 2212 (
Affordable housing application 128 may also automatically initiate a certification process 208 to verify continued eligibility of resident/applicant 202 upon receiving a notification of household changes. In some examples, AI model 250 analyzes such household changes and if appropriate automatically initiates certification process 208. Such household changes may relate to changes in the number of people in the household, changes in income or financial status, changes in marital status, and changes in employment as entered by resident/applicant 202 into affordable housing application 128. Affordable housing application 128 may also automatically notify resident/applicant 202 or another party to submit any affidavits needed for the type of certification 208, such as affidavits affirming income, assets, student status or information, credit, race, ethnicity, or household makeup of resident/applicant 202.
Step 2310 automatically notifies resident/applicant 202 and other parties if any errors or discrepancies 2206 are found. Once answers 2204 have been analyzed by AI model 250 for error and discrepancies 2206, second questions may be posed to the applicant that correspond to the fillable fields in the associated questionnaires, forms, or documents but in a different order or manner. An updated set of answers 2210 to the second questions is then assembled. Updated answers 2210 may be supplied by resident/applicant 202, property management 204, compliance specialist 206, or another party. In some embodiments, AI model 250 provides or assists in providing updated answers 2210. Updated answers 2210 are then extracted and mapped in step 2314 into corresponding fillable fields 904 in questionnaires 222, forms 224, and other documents associated with certification 208. Questionnaires 222 and forms 224 are usually quite lengthy and must typically be filled out by hand by resident/applicant 202 or by compliance specialist 206. Affordable housing application 128 is advantageously configured and trained to interpret answers 2204 and 2210 and map those answers to the correct fields 904 in questionnaires 222 or form 224, which makes the process smoother, easier, and more accurate for resident/applicant 202, property management 204, and compliance specialist 206. Step 2316 assembles and stores a completed set 2214 of questionnaires 222, forms 224, and other documents for future auditing from a representative or agent 236 of housing program 214.
Referring again to
Before being used to train ML algorithm 2404, the raw training data 2402 is processed to prepare it for analysis. This may include steps such as data cleaning to address inconsistencies and missing values, data standardization for uniformity, and encoding to transform the data into a format amenable to ML algorithms. In addition, in a supervised learning scenario, the input data and the output data may be labeled. Labeling input and output data in supervised learning involves assigning known values or categories to data to guide the ML algorithm in learning the relationship between inputs and outputs. For classification tasks, labels may be discrete categories (e.g., “eligible” or “not eligible”), whereas for regression tasks, labels may be continuous values (e.g., gross pay). The labeling process may be manual, with human annotators assigning labels based on predefined criteria, automated through rule-based systems or pre-trained models, or a mix such as semi-supervised learning where a smaller labeled dataset helps to label the rest.
Next, a suitable ML algorithm is chosen (block 2404) and trained on training data 2402. In training ML algorithm 2404 for deployment in affordable housing application 128, the focus is on accuracy and the ability to process and analyze a wide range of document types and data formats. Where the input and output training data is labeled, ML algorithm 2404 may employ supervised learning techniques, with algorithms such as neural networks to analyze sequential data such as paystubs for predicting future income. One non-limiting example of a suitable neural network is a recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short-term-memory (LSTM) cells. RNNs with LSTM can detect anomalies in sequential data by learning the usual patterns in a time series of data, and thus may be useful in identifying and handling anomalies such as missing pay stubs, job changes, outliers, etc. Any other suitable supervised learning algorithm may alternatively be used such as, without limitation, decision trees and support vector machines.
For locating specific fields on a template, such as paystubs, bank statements, quarterly investment statements, etc. and extracting specific information from the text of such documents, a custom natural language processing (NLP) model may be used. An NLP or other suitable ML algorithm may also be useful for analyzing and classifying unstructured income documents such as bank statements, benefits letters, etc. ML algorithm 2404 may also train regression models to infer annual income based on pay frequencies (weekly/bi-weekly/semi-annual/etc.) and pay rates and to assess eligibility against housing program requirements. Inferred income can then be validated against acceptable income limit ranges. Regression models may also be trained to infer requirements for housing programs from monthly, quarterly, or annual assets and add to income if necessary. Rule-based logic may also be applied on top of extracted data to calculate averages and annualize amounts. The chosen ML algorithm 2402 should also be able to compare previously seen data from the same third party (employers, banks, etc.) to check for continuity and authenticity. Tasks such as identifying eligible/ineligible households for auditing and providing suggested income calculations for human review may also be performed by ML algorithm 2402, thereby supporting the housing application process with robust data analysis and verification capabilities.
Once training data 2402 is collected and processed for uniformity, and an ML algorithm 2404 is chosen, training phase 2400 begins, where ML algorithm 2404 learns from training data 2402 to create AI model (trained ML algorithm) 250. During training phase 2400, ML algorithm 2404 is exposed to training data 2402, which includes the input data and, for supervised learning, the corresponding target outputs. ML algorithm 2404 makes predictions based on the input data and is then corrected by a learning process that minimizes the difference between its predictions and the actual outcomes using a method such as gradient descent. This iterative process is conducted over many cycles until performance of ML algorithm 2404 on training data 2402 improves to a satisfactory level, effectively fine-tuning the parameters of AI model 250. For unsupervised learning tasks, ML algorithm 2404 identifies and learns the patterns and structures within training data 2402 without target outputs. The result is an AI model 250 that is capable of making informed predictions or decisions, recognizing complex patterns, and extracting insights from new, unseen data.
The product of training ML algorithm 2404 with training data 2402 is AI model (trained ML algorithm) 250, which is deployed in affordable housing application 128. AI model 250 generates predictive outputs 2420 based on new user input data 2412, which may include data extracted from questionnaires 222, forms 224, answers 2204/2210, and third party documents. In extracting user input data 2412 from these sources, OCR may be used to recognize and extract details and data such as text and numbers from scanned or imaged documents. Further, OMR may be used to recognize and extract machine-readable marks such as checkboxes and bubble fills in forms. NLP may be applied to identify key fields in documents such as pay period dates, gross pay, deductions, beginning balances, ending balances, etc. NER may be used to detect identifiers such as employee name, employer name, etc.
Once input data 2412 has been extracted using some or all of these techniques, it undergoes processing similar to that of training data 2402 to ensure that it matches the format and structure that AI model 250 expects. This may include normalization, encoding categorical variables, handling missing values, and potentially applying specific transformations that were used during training. Processed data 2412 is then fed into AI model (trained ML algorithm) 250, which applies its learned parameters and algorithms to analyze user input data 2412 and generate predictive output 2420. This may include, for example, identifying errors or inconsistencies in submitted documents or answers, assessing eligibility for a housing program 214, initiating a certification process 208, estimating values such as expected income, and many other housing program related functions. Output 2420 of AI model 250 is the predictive analysis or decision that model 250 has made based on the patterns and relationships it learned during training phase 2400. Output 2420 is then processed by affordable housing application 128, which may include transforming output 2420 into a human-interpretable form, generating digital report 2208, or other functions.
Some examples of specific functions that may be carried out by AI model 250 are now described in more detail. First, and importantly, AI model 250 may review submitted documents for errors, discrepancies, and validity, and to confirm that they meet the requirements of housing program 214. As described above, affordable housing application 128 receives various uploaded documents from resident/applicants 202 or other parties (
AI model 250 is trained on the exact standards and requirements of the applicable housing program 214 to produce guidance to users and instant eligibility and certification results. Once uploaded documents have been confirmed as authentic and meeting the requirements of housing program 214, and once input data 2412 has been extracted from the uploaded documents using techniques such as NLP, OCR, OMR, NER, and other pattern recognition techniques, AI model 250 may then automatically determine the eligibility or ineligibility of a household by applying the housing program standards and requirements to input data 2412. In some examples, AI model 250 may provide a full or partial alternative to the current requirement for manual document validation by humans.
AI model 250 may play a dual role of both verifier and advisor. In addition to authenticating and confirming the compliance of uploaded documents, and using the extracted data and responses to make eligibility and certification decisions, AI model 250 serves as an interactive guide, offering users guidance on any aspect of a particular housing program 214 or certification 208. For example, AI model 250 may offer explanations on housing-specific terminology, as well as on any updates and changes in the housing program 214. In this regard, AI model 250 is able to refer back to archived materials for longer-term existing residents 202. For example, if a user queries as to the meaning of housing program-specific terms or acronyms such as “AR”, “IR”, and “IC”, AI model 250 may reply with clarification that “AR is annual recertification, IR is interim recertification, and IC is initial recertification.” AI model 250 also enhances accessibility by offering translations of documents and questions into the user's preferred language.
AI model 250 also adeptly responds to inquiries about housing program changes and other procedural changes. In another example, if a user inquires as to why there has been an increase in the number of paystubs required for certification, AI model 250 may reference the exact date of the change and direct the user to appropriate resources for further information.
AI model 250 serves as an intelligent guide through the intricacies of housing programs 214, assisting users with its comprehensive understanding of program standards and requirements. AI model 250 provides immediate responses to queries regarding eligibility criteria such as minimum and maximum income thresholds, and keeps users informed about their application status, such as waitlist positions for properties. AI model 250 can walk users through the certification process 208 in an interactive manner with examples that clarify each step. As discussed above, during certification process 208, AI model 250 may analyze answers 2204 of resident/applicant 202, identify errors and discrepancies 2206 in answers 2204, and provide or assist in providing updated answers 2210. If a user skips a step or encounters difficulty, AI model 250 provides real-time reminders and inquires as to whether additional support is needed to complete the missed step.
As described above, AI model 250 may automatically notify third parties to provide any needed third party verifications and documentation. If the verification or documentation of the third party has not been provided, automated requests are sent to the third party for the verification or documentation. To prevent fraud, the AI model may flag discrepancies and initiate reviews, such as by conducting a one-on-one video conference meeting with the tenant.
AI model 250 provides resident/applicants 202 with real-time assistance and resources tailored to report household changes accurately. When a resident 202 is unsure about the necessity of reporting a change within their household, such as income variations or family composition shifts, AI model 250 offers guidance in alignment with the specific standards and requirements of housing program 214. In some examples, AI model 250 assesses the reported changes against program rules to determine if a new certification is warranted, and if appropriate automatically initiates certification process 208. AI model 250 may further proactively predict and advise on potential implications of any household changes, ensuring that residents 202 stay informed and compliant with program mandates. Thus, AI model 250 not only educates users but also facilitates streamlined and efficient management of their housing needs.
AI model 250 is equipped with dynamic updating capabilities to ensure it remains current with the latest housing program regulations and requirements. When there are changes to income thresholds that determine eligibility, for instance, AI model 250 can swiftly incorporate these changes into its decision-making framework. If a housing program 214 raises the maximum annual income limit for a 2-person household from $45,000 to $55,000, for example, AI model 250 automatically adjusts its parameters to reflect this new standard from the effective date. Thus, the guidance provided by AI model 250 to users, the eligibility determinations it makes, and the advice it offers on required documentation are always in accordance with the most recent program rules.
AI model 250 can significantly enhance the customer service experience by offering automated, instant responses to inquiries related to housing programs 214, certifications 208, and other matters, acting as a first point of contact for users seeking information. In addition to answering questions for resident/applicants 202 currently in the system, AI model 250 can also provide comprehensive support to individuals on waitlists, keeping them informed about their status and any program-related updates. AI model 250 could potentially take over the functions of a traditional call center, providing real-time solutions to a range of queries, from providing information about program details to resolving software issues. AI model 250 improves response times, ensures consistent and accurate information dissemination, and reduces the workload on human representatives.
In some embodiments, affordable housing application 128 may include additional functions and features such as, but not limited to, automated, pre-set calls, emails, instant messages, texts, and other types of communication pertaining to process status, income, assets, or other issues associated with a certification 208. Further, affordable housing application 128 (in some examples, via AI model 250) may automatically communicate any detected errors (steps 2306 and 2308 of
Accordingly, affordable housing application 128 offers a multi-functional, complete system to assist in assembly and organization of all required documents for any type of certification 208 for a resident/applicant 202 of an affordable/low-income housing program 214. Affordable housing application 128 benefits multiple individuals including entities and companies that assist with affordable housing compliance. Affordable housing application 128 saves time, money, and resources, and allows parties to remotely communicate and coordinate all information and documents needed to complete a certification 208 using computing device 101 over network 142. There is no need for resident/applicant 202 and other parties to meet in person on every occasion that a signature is required, documents need to be shared, or another piece of information supplied.
In this description, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings, reference is made to particular features (including method steps) of various embodiments. This disclosure encompasses all possible combinations of such features. For example, where a feature is disclosed in the context of a particular aspect or embodiment, or in the context of a particular claim, that feature may also be used in combination with or in the context of other aspects and embodiments of the disclosure.
The term “comprises” and its grammatical equivalents is used herein to mean that other components, ingredients, and steps, among others, are optionally present. For example, an article “comprising” components A, B, and C can contain only components A, B, and C, or may contain components A, B, and C and one or more other components.
Where reference is made herein to a method comprising two or more defined steps, the defined steps can be carried out in any order or simultaneously (except where the context excludes that possibility), and the method can include one or more other steps which are carried out before any of the defined steps, between two of the defined steps, or after all the defined steps (except where the context excludes that possibility).
The term “at least” followed by a number is used herein to denote the start of a range beginning with that number (which may be a range having an upper limit or no upper limit, depending on the variable being defined). For example, “at least 1” means 1 or more than 1. The term “at most” followed by a number is used herein to denote the end of a range ending with that number (which may be a range having 1 or 0 as its lower limit, or a range having no lower limit, depending upon the variable being defined). For example, “at most 4” means 4 or less than 4, and “at most 40%” means 40% or less than 40%. A range given as “(a first number) to (a second number)” or “(a first number)−(a second number)” means a range whose lower limit is the first number and whose upper limit is the second number. For example, 25 to 100 mm means a range whose lower limit is 25 mm and upper limit is 100 mm.
Certain terminology and derivations thereof are used in this description for convenience only and are not limiting. For example, terms such as “upward,” “downward,” “left,” and “right” refer to directions in the drawings to which reference is made unless otherwise stated. Similarly, terms such as “inward” and “outward” refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a device or area and designated parts thereof. References in the singular tense include the plural, and vice versa, unless otherwise noted. The term “coupled to” as used herein may refer to a direct or indirect connection. The term “set” as used herein may refer to one or more items.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. This description is presented for purposes of illustration but is not exhaustive or limited to the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure.
The embodiments described herein were chosen to best explain the principles and practical application of this disclosure, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to practice embodiments with modifications suited to the particular use contemplated. This description is illustrative and not restrictive, and the embodiments described herein may be practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. non-provisional application Ser. No. 17/903,356, filed on Sep. 6, 2022, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. non-provisional application Ser. No. 17/507,047, filed Oct. 21, 2021, which claims priority to U.S. provisional application No. 63/180,189, filed on Apr. 27, 2021, which applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63180189 | Apr 2021 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17903356 | Sep 2022 | US |
| Child | 18619144 | US | |
| Parent | 17507047 | Oct 2021 | US |
| Child | 17903356 | US |