Aggregate processing apparatus, systems and methods are used to process aggregate material.
Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several views,
In some embodiments, the aggregate processing system 100 includes one or more stationary equipment control and monitoring systems 110 associated with (e.g., supported on and/or in data communication with) one or more units of stationary aggregate processing equipment units such as those described herein. “Aggregate processing equipment” as used herein includes but is not limited to crushers (e.g., jaw crushers, cone crushers, horizontal shaft impactors, vertical shaft impactors, mills, etc.), vibratory classifiers (e.g., horizontal screens, inclined screens, grizzly feeders, etc.), wet processing equipment (dewatering screens, washers, classifying tanks, hydrocyclones, etc.), conveyors (e.g., jump conveyors, stacking conveyors, radial stacking conveyors, tracked conveyors, overland conveyors, truck unloaders, etc.), and/or any stationary, portable or mobile processing plant combining one or more such units of equipment. Each system 110 optionally includes one or more of the following: actuators 111, sensors 112, processors 113, power sources 114, user interfaces 115, and transmitters/receivers 116.
In some embodiments, the aggregate processing system 100 includes one or more mobile equipment control and monitoring systems 120 associated with (e.g., supported on and/or in data communication with) one or more units of mobile aggregate processing equipment units (e.g., plants supported on tracks, wheels, etc.) such as those described herein. Each system 120 optionally includes one or more of the following: actuators 111, sensors 112, processors 113, power sources 114, user interfaces 115, transmitters/receivers 116, and GPS devices 127.
In some embodiments, the aggregate processing system 100 includes one or more product sensor arrays 170 comprising one or more product quantity sensors 172 (e.g., belt scales, fill level sensors, etc.) and/or one or more product characteristic sensors 174 (e.g., cameras, temperature sensors, moisture sensors, distance sensors, fill level sensors, etc.). The product quantity sensors and product characteristic sensors may be associated with mobile or stationary equipment, or with one or more product transfer apparatus (e.g., conveyors, etc.) or product storage arrangements (e.g., stockpile, container, etc.).
In some embodiments, the systems 110, 120 and/or the product sensor array 170 are in data communication with one or more computing devices 160 (e.g., mobile devices, smartphones, tablets, desktop computers, servers, etc.). In some embodiments, the systems 110, 120 and/or the product sensor array 170 are in data communication with the computing devices 160 via a network 140 (e.g., the internet, the cloud, an intranet, one or more server networks, etc.). In some embodiments, the systems 110, 120 and/or the product sensor array 170 are in data communication with the network 140 via a gateway 130 (e.g., wireless router, wireless repeater, wireless transmitter, radio transmitter, LoRaWan gateway, etc.) which may be configured to transmit data over relatively large distances such as greater than 10 feet, greater than 20 feet, greater than 50 feet, or greater than 100 feet. The gateway 130 is optionally in data communication with a modem 135 for transmission of data to network 140.
One or more cloud-connected services 150 are optionally in data communication with the network 140 and/or the computing devices 160. The cloud-connected services 150 optionally include one or more of the following: processor 151, data storage 152, algorithm logic 153, artificial intelligence logic 154 (e.g., machine learning logic, deep learning logic, unsupervised machine learning logic, supervised machine learning logic, etc.), weather data server 155 (e.g., providing location-specific ambient atmospheric information such as temperature, humidity, dew point, altitude, air pressure, precipitation, precipitation amount, precipitation likelihood, etc.), input cost data server 156a (e.g., operable to provide the historical, current, and/or predicted price of resources and other inputs such as fuel, electricity, water, etc.), raw material data server 156b (e.g., operable to provide information such as quantities, qualitative characteristics, geo-referenced locations, etc. of raw materials such as those on the site to be operated), product data server 156c (e.g., operable to provide the historical, current, and/or predicted price of various commodities and/or products to be produced by the system 100, such as sand, gravel, minerals, etc.), and/or imagery server (e.g., aerial image server) 157. The cloud-connected services 150 optionally include one or more calculators 158 for collecting data (e.g., equipment dimensions, application criteria, material criteria, etc.) from an operator via a user interface and providing one or more calculations (e.g., stockpile volume, etc.) or recommendations (e.g., operating criteria, equipment settings, etc.) at least partially based on the collected data. The cloud-connected services 150 optionally include a parts data server 159a (e.g., operable to receive, store or supply availability, price, lead time, and/or dimensions or other characteristics of various parts such as those incorporated in the stationary or mobile equipment). The parts data server 159a optionally includes information about the operational life of parts which may be a constant value or a set of values correlated to one or more operating criteria or environmental conditions; in some embodiments, this operational life information is based on data gathered for parts, equipment or plants within and/or outside of the system 100. The cloud-connected services 150 optionally include a parts ordering interface 159b operable to enable, schedule, send, accept, and/or process an order for one or more parts. The cloud-connected services 150 optionally include maintenance information 159c on a server or database operable to store or provide maintenance logs, schedules, notes, etc. and other information relevant to the stationary or mobile equipment. The cloud-connected services 150 optionally include a personnel database 159d (e.g., operable to provide and/or receive information such as names, experience levels, training progress, incident reports, efficiency, wages, etc. associated with personnel performing operations or maintenance on the equipment).
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The material is optionally transferred by one or more conveyors 206 (e.g., stationary “jump” conveyors, etc.) between components of the plant 200. Some plant embodiments include one or more crushers (e.g., jaw crusher 207, cone crusher 400, vertical shaft impact crusher, horizontal shaft impact crusher, etc.) for crushing material. Some embodiments of the plant 200 include a vibratory screen 300 (e.g., inclined screen or horizontal screen) for classifying aggregate material. Some embodiments of the plant 200 include optionally actuatable flow redirection apparatus 208 (e.g., chutes, flumes, knife gates, butterfly valves, etc.) for redirecting (e.g., selectively redirecting, partially redirecting, completely redirecting, etc.) material (e.g., dry or wet material) to various components of the plant 200. Some embodiments of the plant 200 include one or more sand screws 218 for processing (e.g., cleaning, dewatering, etc.) aggregate material. Some embodiments of the plant 200 include one or more stacking conveyors 500 (e.g., telescopic conveyors, radial stacking conveyors, etc.) for storing aggregate material in a stockpile 230 (e.g., conical stockpile, kidney shaped stockpile, etc.) Some embodiments of the plant 200 include one or more dewatering screens 260 for removing water from and/or cleaning aggregate material. Various items of equipment (e.g., vibratory screens, sand screws, dewatering screens) of the plant 200 optionally include one or more fluid injection apparatus 244 (e.g., spray bars, spray valves, etc.) for adding (e.g., spraying, injecting, etc.) water or other fluid to the item of equipment and/or to material being processed or moved thereby. In some embodiments, a water source 240 is used to provide water to one or more items of equipment or components of the plant 200, e.g. by one or more pumps 242. The plant 200 optionally includes one or more hydrocyclones 222 or other wet classifying equipment for classifying aggregate material.
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The vibratory classifier 300 may comprise an incline screen, horizontal screen, feeder, dewatering screen, etc. The vibratory classifier 300 may have one or more decks of classifying media comprising cloth screens, metal screens, panels such as flat panels made of urethane or other material, grizzly bars, tines, etc.
In some embodiments, the vibratory classifier 300 comprises spaced sidewalls 310 (e.g., 310-1, 310-2) joined by a plurality of cross members 325. One or more classifying decks 320 (e.g., 320a, 320b, 320c) optionally extend between the sidewalls. Each deck 320 optionally supports one or more classifying media 326 (e.g., cloth screens, metal screens, panels such as flat panels made of urethane or other material, etc.) through which undersize material falls during vibratory operation of the classifier 300 and over which oversize material passes to a discharge end of the classifier 300.
The classifier 300 is optionally supported on (and/or in some embodiments supports) one or more bearing shafts 350 optionally having eccentric weights for driving rotation of the classifier. One or more bearing shafts 350 optionally includes a flywheel 354 or other input for rotating the shafts. The flywheel 354 or other input is optionally driven by a drive 352 such as an electric motor. The flywheels 354 and/or the bearing shafts 350 are optionally in fluid communication with an oil housing 330.
The classifier 300 is optionally resiliently supported on a plurality of springs 360 or other resilient elements.
One or more fluid injection elements 305 are optionally disposed to inject (e.g., spray, etc.) water or other fluid onto the classifier 300 (e.g., onto an upper deck or other deck thereof).
The equipment criteria sensor array 370 optionally includes one or more kinetic sensors 372 (e.g., accelerometers, three-axis accelerometers, gyroscopes, vibration sensors, etc.) optionally disposed at a plurality of locations on each sidewall 310 and optionally configured to record kinetic data (e.g., acceleration, frequency, velocity, position) and/or an oscillatory path of the classifier 300 during operation. One or more pairs of kinetic sensors 372 are optionally disposed at corresponding locations (e.g., along a common laterally and/or horizontally extending axis) of the sidewalls 310-1, 310-2 such that kinetic data and/or the oscillating paths of corresponding locations on the sidewalls can be compared. One or more kinetic sensors 372 is optionally disposed on one or more structural support members 304. One or more energy consumption sensors 373 are optionally configured to detect an operating criterion related to energy consumption such as the energy consumption by the drive 352 (e.g., current draw, power draw, voltage, etc.)
The equipment criteria sensor array 370 optionally includes one or more load cells 374 disposed to at least partially support a weight of the classifier 300. The equipment criteria sensor array 370 optionally includes one or more strain gauges 371 for measuring a strain on the classifier 300 (e.g., strain gauge 371a disposed on one or more sidewalls 310, strain gauge 371b disposed on one or more structural support members 304, strain gauge 371c disposed on one or more cross members 325, and/or strain gauge 371d disposed on one or more bearing shafts 350).
The equipment criteria sensor array 370 optionally includes one or more wear sensors 378 (e.g., inductive sensors, motion sensors, optical sensors, electromagnetic sensors, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more wear sensors 378 are disposed on or adjacent to one or more classifying media 326 in order to measure a wear level of the media.
The equipment criteria sensor array 370 optionally includes one or more oil characteristic sensors 377 which in some embodiments are disposed in the oil housing 330 and/or are in fluid communication with the oil housing or oil supplied to the oil housing 330 or the bearing shafts 350. The oil characteristic sensors optionally include an oil temperature sensor 377a, an oil level sensor 377b (e.g., ultrasonic or optical sensor), an oil particle monitor 377c, and/or an oil moisture sensor 377d.
The equipment criteria sensor array 370 optionally includes one or more bearing operational characteristic sensors 379 optionally disposed to measure an operational characteristic of one or more bearings supporting one or more bearing shafts 350. The bearing operational characteristic sensors 379 optionally include vibration sensors 379a, temperature sensors 379b, and/or bearing wear sensors 379c. In some embodiments, the bearing operational characteristic sensors 379 comprise an Enlight Collect IMx-1 bearing monitor system available from SKF.
One or more material sensors 390 optionally comprise one or more of sensors (e.g., camera, optical sensor, height sensor, temperature sensor, distance sensor, UV sensor, ultrasonic transmitter/receiver, etc.) which may be configured to evaluate (e.g., the determine amount, height, weight, density, segregation, moisture, water content, particle size distribution, temperature, color, or other characteristic) of material passing onto, over, through or out of the classifier 300 (e.g., over an upper deck, lower deck, middle deck, or other deck thereof). The material sensor 390 may be disposed remotely from the classifier 300 and/or on the classifier 300 (e.g., on a sidewall thereof and oriented toward aggregate material on a deck 320). A plurality of sensors 390 may be configured to sense and/or characterize material on various locations on or adjacent to the classifier 300 (e.g., before being deposited thereon, while on an upper deck thereof, while on a lower deck thereof, after falling through one or more decks thereof, at an entrance end thereof, at a discharge end thereof, after being deposited off of a discharge end thereof, etc.)
The control element array 380 optionally comprises one or more application controllers 387 (e.g., flow control valves, shut-off valves, variable rate pumps, etc.) for modifying a rate of fluid application (e.g., water application) via one or more fluid injector elements 305. In some embodiments a plurality of individually controlled controllers 386 (e.g., injection valves, spray valves, etc.) are arrayed across a length of a fluid injector element 305 and optionally oriented to deposit water onto the classifier 300.
The control element array 380 optionally includes one or more actuators for modifying the angle of one or more decks 320 and/or of the entire classifier 300.
The control element array 380 optionally includes one or more drive controllers 382 for modifying a speed, frequency or other operational characteristic of the drive 352 and/or for selectively turning the drive 352 on or off.
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The equipment criteria sensor array 470 optionally includes one or more kinetic sensors 472a (e.g., accelerometers, three-axis accelerometers, gyroscopes, vibration sensors, etc.) optionally disposed at one or more locations (e.g., on the head shaft, head, bowl, housing, countershaft, flywheel, etc.) and optionally configured to record kinetic data (e.g., acceleration, frequency, velocity, position) during operation. One or more energy consumption sensors 471 are optionally configured to detect an operating criterion related to energy consumption such as the energy consumption by a drive 482 (e.g., current draw, power draw, voltage, etc.)
The equipment criteria sensor array 470 optionally includes one or more strain gauges 472b for measuring a strain on one or more components of the crusher 400 (e.g., a strain gauge 472b disposed on the head shaft, head, bowl, housing, countershaft, flywheel, etc.).
The equipment criteria sensor array 470 optionally includes one or more strain gauges 472c for measuring a temperature of one or more components of the crusher 400 (e.g., a strain gauge 472c disposed on the head shaft, head, bowl, housing, countershaft, flywheel, etc.).
The equipment criteria sensor array 470 optionally includes one or more wear sensors 476 (e.g., inductive sensors, motion sensors, optical sensors, electromagnetic sensors, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more wear sensors 378 are disposed on or adjacent to one or more consumable liners (e.g., bowl liners, etc.) or other wear components in order to measure a wear level of the liners.
The equipment criteria sensor array 470 optionally includes one or more lubricant characteristic sensors 474 (e.g., flow sensors 474a, viscosity sensors 474b, temperature sensors 474c, etc.) in fluid communication with the lubrication system 430 (e.g., one or more conduits thereof).
The equipment criteria sensor array 470 optionally includes one or more operational characteristic sensors 479 optionally disposed to measure an operational characteristic of one or more bushings or bearings supporting one or more shafts of the crusher. The operational characteristic sensors 479 optionally include vibration sensors, temperature sensors, and/or bearing wear sensors.
One or more material sensors 490 optionally comprise one or more of sensors (e.g., camera, optical sensor, height sensor, temperature sensor, distance sensor, UV sensor, ultrasonic transmitter/receiver, etc.) which may be configured to evaluate (e.g., the determine amount, height, weight, density, segregation, moisture, water content, particle size distribution, temperature, color, or other characteristic) of material passing onto, over, through or out of the crusher 400 (e.g., over an upper deck, lower deck, middle deck, or other deck thereof). The material sensor 490 may be disposed remotely from the crusher 400 and/or on the crusher 400. A plurality of sensors 490 may be configured to sense and/or characterize material on various locations on or adjacent to the classifier 300 (e.g., a sensor 490a may sense material in the feed inlet and/or a sensor 490b may sense material discharged onto belt B or other location, etc.)
The control element array 480 optionally includes one or more drive controllers 482 configured to modify a speed, frequency or other operational characteristic of the crusher and/or configured to selectively turn the crusher on or off.
The control element array 480 optionally includes one or more tramp relief controllers 486 for selectively actuating the tramp relief system 420 (e.g., selectively extending one or more tramp relief cylinders, etc.).
The control element array 480 optionally includes one or more crushing gap controllers 484 for selectively actuating the crushing gap adjustment system 440 (e.g., selectively turning one or more input gears to turn the bowl within vertical adjustment threads, etc.).
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The conveyor 500 optionally includes an endless belt B operably supported on a head pulley 580, a plurality of idler assemblies 510, and a tail pulley 560. Material M is conveyed on belt B along a direction of conveyance Dc. Head pulley 580 is optionally a driven pulley. Head pulley 580 is optionally supported on a shaft 582. Tail pulley 560 is optionally supported on a shaft 562. Each idler assembly 510 is optionally supported on a pair of longitudinally extending rails 502a, 502b.
One or more idler assemblies 510 optionally comprise troughing idler assemblies as illustrated in
The conveyor control and monitoring system 600 optionally comprises a plurality of sensors associated with one or more idlers 520 (e.g., wing idlers, center idlers, etc.). In some embodiments, the sensors include one or more bearing temperature sensors 622 configured to measure a temperature of a bearing supporting the idler, one or more rotation sensors 624 configured to measure a rotation and/or rotational speed of the idler, a load sensor 626 (e.g., load cell or strain gauge) optionally mounted to shaft 525 and configured to measure a load on the shaft 525, and an internal temperature sensor 628 configured to measure a temperature of an internal surface and/or volume of the idler.
The system 600 optionally comprises a load sensor 662 configured and disposed to measure a load on the shaft 562. The system 600 optionally comprises a load sensor 682 configured and disposed to measure a load on the shaft 582. The system 600 optionally includes one or more embedded sensors 664 (e.g., load cells, temperature sensors, etc.) embedded in pulley lagging on one or more of the pulleys 560, 580.
The system 600 optionally comprises a product sensor array. The product sensor array of system 600 optionally comprises a material sensor 690 disposed and configured to detect one or more material characteristics (e.g., an amount, presence, type, density, height, width, pile shape, and/or pile segregation of material M on at least a portion of belt B). The product sensor array of system 600 optionally comprises a scale 610 (e.g., belt scale) which is optionally disposed to at least partially support a weight of an idler assembly 510 and/or optionally configured measure a weight of material M on at least a portion of belt B.
The system 600 optionally comprises a control element array having one or more controllers for modifying an operating criterion of the conveyor 500. The controllers optionally include a motor 680 (e.g., electric motor, internal motor, external motor, etc.) having variable speed and operably coupled the pulley 580 for driving the pulley 580.
The system 600 (e.g., one or more sensors and/or control elements thereof) are optionally a component of and/or are in data communication with the system 100 such that the sensors and/or controllers of system 600 are in data communication with the computing devices and/or network of system 100.
A conveyor 500 having a conveyor control and monitoring system 600 may be disposed to convey input material into one or more items of equipment (e.g., crusher, screen, etc. such as those described herein), optionally from another item of equipment. A conveyor 500 having a conveyor control and monitoring system 600 may be disposed to convey output material into one or more items of equipment (e.g., crusher, screen, etc. such as those described herein), optionally to another item of equipment or to a stockpile or other storage location.
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In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 900), a bushing failure (e.g., jaw crusher bushing, cone crusher bushing, conveyor idler bushing, etc.) is predicted. In some embodiments, the bushing failure is predicted based on bushing temperature and/or bushing temperature trend. In some embodiments, the bushing failure is predicted based on “coast-down time” of the bushing (e.g., the time required to reach 0 rpm after the equipment is no longer powered) and/or or a coast-down time trend. In some embodiments, an oil temperature differential (or trend thereof) between oil temperature entering and exiting the bushing is used to predict the bushing failure.
In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 900), the presence of certain weather conditions (e.g., precipitation, likely precipitation, etc.) triggers an alarm for certain equipment.
In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 900), altitude and/or ambient temperature may be consulted to adjust the maximum power draw permitted by one or more items of equipment before a shutdown or alarm condition is imposed.
In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 900), the vibration of a chassis or structure is measured and compared to thresholds (e.g., thresholds reflected in a safety manual, warranty document, etc. to determine whether a shutdown or alarm condition has been reached.
In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 900), one or more images of screen media (e.g., having color-coded wear layers) is consulted in order to predict a failure or unacceptable wear condition of the screen media.
In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 900), an overloading or uneven feed distribution is determined by comparing load cell or other weight information from two or more regions of a vibratory screen, and/or using one or more images of material on top of a vibratory screen deck.
In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 900), an overloading or uneven feed distribution is determined by comparing load cell or other weight information from two or more regions of a vibratory screen, and/or using one or more images of material on top of a vibratory screen deck. The overloading or uneven feed distribution may be reported as an alarm and/or quantified and reported as a score of distribution evenness or acceptable distribution loading percentage.
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In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 1000), one or more operating characteristics are actuated using variable frequency drives, actuators, etc.: crusher close-side setting, countershaft speed, and/or feed rate of a conveyor, feeder or other device feeding material to the crusher.
In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 1000), a recoil rate of one or more springs resiliently supporting a vibratory screen are adjusted in order to improve the vibratory or load balance of the screen. In some such embodiments, a wedge or other apparatus abutting a spring may be advanced or retracted in order to modify the recoil rate. In other such embodiments, a pressure of an air spring may be adjusted by a valve or other apparatus in order to modify the recoil rate.
In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 1000), a vibratory screen frequency is temporarily increased in order to clean material off of one or more decks of the vibratory screen. In some embodiments of the methods described herein (e.g., method 1000), a vibratory screen deck is cleaned by actuating a beater bar or other clean-off apparatus configured to remove material from the deck. In embodiments, a frequency increase or clean-off apparatus actuation is instigated by determining that a production rate of one or more products generated by the screen is below a threshold associated with the current feed rate and/or vibratory frequency of the screen.
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Although various embodiments have been described above, the details and features of the disclosed embodiments are not intended to be limiting, as many variations and modifications will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to be interpreted broadly and to include all variations and modifications within the scope and spirit of the appended claims and their equivalents. For example, any feature described for one embodiment may be used in any other embodiment.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63109513 | Nov 2020 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | PCT/US2021/072251 | Nov 2021 | US |
Child | 18312476 | US |