Patent Application
20060168920
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to an air filter for an internal combustion engine. More specifically, the invention relates to an air cleaner having a primary inlet defining a primary passage and a secondary inlet defining a bypass passage that is opened when an airflow through the primary passage is lower than a critical level.
2. Related Technology
Air cleaners for internal combustion engines typically have an inlet positioned such that ambient air can flow unhindered into the air cleaner. Therefore, the air inlet is typically situated behind a radiator grill of the vehicle or in the vicinity of a fender. However, when the vehicle is operated in a heavy or blowing snowfall, snow can be aspirated into the air inlet and accumulate within the air filter housing. If a sufficient amount accumulates, the snow can obstruct the air filter inlet and may partially or completely obstruct air flow to the engine. Furthermore, when the vehicle experiences temperature changes, such as being moved in and out of a heated enclosure, the accumulated snow can melt and refreeze to form a layer of ice that interrupts the air supply to the engine.
In order to overcome the effects of an obstructed inlet, current air intake systems include a primary air inlet defining a primary opening into the air chamber and a secondary air inlet defining a second opening into the air chamber; the secondary inlet being positioned away from the front of the vehicle. However, during heavy snowfall, the secondary air inlet may become obstructed by swirling snow particles in a manner similar to that described above with respect to the primary inlet and snow from either inlet may obstruct the other.
One air intake system currently known in the art also includes a door positioned so as to substantially prevent air flow through the secondary inlet, except when desired to reduce noise, vibrations and harshness (NVH) and to improve engine efficiency. However, multiple, redundant air inlets may undesirably increase the air intake system NVH. Additionally, a secondary inlet door adds many different components, such as springs and multiple-component hinges, thus increasing part complexity.
Additionally, cool air is denser and thus provides more efficient engine operation than warm air. Therefore, it is desirable to draw cool, ambient air into the air intake system rather than air that has been heated by vehicle components.
In view of the above, it is desirous to provide an air intake system with a secondary inlet that does not become obstructed by snow entering through the primary inlet and that includes a simple mechanism for preventing airflow through the secondary inlet when not desired.
In overcoming the drawbacks and limitations of the existing technology, an air cleaner for a motor vehicle is provided having a housing with side walls and a bottom wall defining a chamber, a filter cooperating with the housing to define a collection chamber, a primary inlet at least partially defining a primary passage into the collection chamber, and a secondary inlet defining a passage to the filter that bypasses the collection chamber.
In one aspect, the bypass passage includes a connecting portion that connects the first end of the passage to the housing so as to substantially prevent airflow from leaking into the collection chamber. More specifically, the connecting portion includes a flange engaging a portion of the housing. The second end of the conduit includes an increased diameter portion engaging the filter.
In another aspect of the present invention, the air cleaner includes a valve or door positioned with respect to the secondary inlet to substantially obstruct the secondary inlet when the door is in a closed position. A weakened portion thereof allows the door to pivot to an open position, if the first flow path becomes generally obstructed. More specifically, as the primary passage becomes obstructed, the engine attempts to continue to draw air into the air cleaner, and negative pressure causes the door to pivot into the open position.
In a further aspect, the door includes multiple portions, each pivotable about a respective weakened portion and having a generally triangular shape. The door portions cooperate to define a drain hole that prevents debris and moisture from accumulating within the secondary inlet.
Further objects, features and advantages of this invention will become readily apparent to persons skilled in the art after a review of the following description, with reference to the drawings and claims that are appended to and form a part of this specification.
a is a cross-sectional view generally taken along line 2-2 in
b is a cross-sectional view, similar to
Referring now to the drawings,
Depending on its specific construction, the housing 12 may include a bottom wall 24 that collects debris and a side wall 26 that receives the filter 16 such that it extends across the housing. The filter 16 is a paper element having a series of corrugations or accordion-like folds, but any other appropriate configuration or material may be used. The top portion 28 of the housing 12 is secured to a housing cap 29 defining the duct 25 that leads to the engine 11.
Although the Figures show the housing 12 having a particular construction, these Figures are for illustrative purposes only. Therefore, the design of the housing 12 may vary as dictated based on the design criteria without affecting the scope of the present invention.
The primary inlet 18 includes a first end 30, adjacent to the opening 20, and a second end 32, located a length L from the first end 30. Furthermore, the primary inlet 18 includes a diameter D and has a ratio (L/D) that can be modified to minimize NVH and to comply with packaging requirements. If desired, the primary inlet 18 flared 34 adjacent to the second end 32. Alternatively, the primary inlet 18 may consist merely of the opening 20 defined by the housing 12 or a conduit extending into the collection chamber 14.
The opening 20 is defined by the side wall 26 and the primary inlet 18 is oriented such that it extends substantially parallel to the direction of travel of the vehicle. Oriented this way, a sufficient supply of relatively cool air is provided to the engine. However, this configuration permits snow and other debris to flow relatively easily into the collection chamber 14, thus accumulating and retarding the engine airflow.
To alleviate any constriction and maintain a sufficient airflow to the engine 11, a secondary inlet 36 is provided. More specifically, the secondary inlet 36 is coupled with the housing 12 to define a second flow path 38 to the filter 16, despite any accumulated debris in the collection chamber.
The housing 12 defines an opening 40 in the bottom wall 24 to receive the secondary inlet 36. More specifically, the secondary inlet 36 includes a conduit 42 located within the collection chamber 14 to deliver air directly to the filter 16.
The conduit 42 includes a first end 44 connected to the housing 12 adjacent to the opening 40 and a second end 46 that engages the filter 16. An inner surface 43 of the conduit 42 defines a bypass passageway extending between the ends 44, 46. Therefore, air flowing to the engine 11 via the secondary inlet 36 flows through the opening 40, into the conduit 42 along the second flow path 38, and directly into the filter 16, bypassing the collection chamber 14. Under this configuration, the secondary inlet 36 provides an unobstructed pathway through the filter 16 and to the engine 11 despite any compacted debris, such as snow or ice, that might be located within the collection chamber 14.
Referring now to
The second end 46 of the conduit 42 is flared and includes an increased diameter portion 56 abutting the filter 16. This prevents the filter 16 from becoming obstructed by snow and debris from the chamber 14 in the vicinity of the conduit 42. The second end 46 of the conduit 42 may alternatively include a sealing means to prevent air flow from leaking into the collection chamber 14.
Alternatively, the secondary inlet 36 consists merely of the opening 40 defined by the housing 12. In an alternative design, the secondary inlet 36 includes a conduit 42 located outside of the collection chamber 14 and extending away from the housing 12. In yet another alternative design, the secondary inlet 36 extends into the collection chamber 14, but does not abut the filter 16. In this latter configuration, the conduit 42 is connected to the housing at the first end 44 and the second end 46 is a free end located within the collection chamber 14 generally adjacent the filter but not necessarily abutting the filter.
The secondary inlet 36 shown in
The door portions 58 include a pivoting means such as a weakened region 64 near the base of each of the door portions 58. The weakened region 64 has a reduced thickness 66 compared to the remainder of the door portions 58 such that the door portions 58 pivot about the weakened region 64.
Alternatively, the doors 58 pivot about a non-unitary pivoting means, such as hinges known in the art. The hinges may include a first component connected to the conduit 42 and a second component pivotably received by the first component and connected to the door 58. Referring now to
The door portions 58, the weakened regions 64, and the conduit 42 are formed as a single, unitary component. The outer rim 48 is also a unitary portion of the single component.
As seen in
Referring now to
Referring now to
An alternate use of the present invention is as a controlled pressure recovery (CPR) valve. As a CPR valve, the doors 58 are in the closed position 64 during normal engine operating ranges, permitting more precise NVH tuning and lower rise over ambient inlet temperatures during lower engine rotation speeds. At higher engine rotation speeds, such as at wide open throttle, the doors 58 move into the open position 76 due to suction forces from the engine. More specifically, the doors 58 move to the open position 76 when the airflow through the primary inlet is lower than the critical level. This can be achieved through proper configuration of the weakened regions 64 with respect to the critical level of air flow for the demand of the engine. When the doors 58 are in the open position 76 more air flows to the engine 11, thus enhancing engine performance. This configuration permits the engine induction system to have a lower pressure drop at wide open throttle while maintaining NVH tuning capability and low rise over ambient at the lower engine RPM's.
It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the spirit and scope of this invention.
