Patent Grant
10712035
The present invention relates to air conditioners, and more specifically to an air conditioner including an outdoor unit, a plurality of indoor units, a liquid-refrigerant connection pipe, a gas-refrigerant connection pipe, a relay unit including a relay shutoff valve in a liquid connection pipe connected to the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe and a relay shutoff valve in a gas connection pipe connected to the gas-refrigerant connection pipe, and refrigerant leakage detector for detecting leakage of refrigerant.
Conventionally, an air conditioner includes an outdoor unit including a compressor, a plurality of indoor units, each including an indoor expansion valve and an indoor heat exchanger, a liquid-refrigerant connection pipe and a gas-refrigerant connection pipe that connect the outdoor unit and the indoor units to each other, and at least one relay unit disposed in the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe and the gas-refrigerant connection pipe and configured to individually switch the plurality of indoor heat exchangers so that each of the plurality of indoor heat exchangers functions as a refrigerant evaporator or a refrigerant radiator. Such an air conditioner is described in PTL 1 (Japanese Patent No. 5517789), in which a liquid connection pipe (a refrigerant pipe connected to the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe) and a gas connection pipe (a refrigerant pipe connected to the gas-refrigerant connection pipe) in the relay unit are each provided with a relay shutoff valve (a liquid relay shutoff valve and a gas relay shutoff valve) such that when refrigerant leakage occurs, the liquid relay shutoff valve and the gas relay shutoff valve are closed to prevent the flow of refrigerant into an indoor unit from the outdoor unit to suppress leakage of refrigerant from the indoor unit.
In the configuration in PTL 1, when refrigerant leakage occurs, the liquid relay shutoff valve and the gas relay shutoff valve in the relay unit are closed to separate a portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including the indoor unit. Accordingly, the refrigerant leaking portion is limited to a portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including the indoor unit.
However, closing the liquid relay shutoff valve and the gas relay shutoff valve in the relay unit means permitting leakage of refrigerant that exists in the portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including the indoor unit, and may not be sufficient in terms of reduction in the amount of leakage.
An object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner including an outdoor unit, a plurality of indoor units, a liquid-refrigerant connection pipe, a gas-refrigerant connection pipe, a relay unit including a relay shutoff valve in a liquid connection pipe connected to the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe and a relay shutoff valve in a gas connection pipe connected to the gas-refrigerant connection pipe, and refrigerant leakage detector for detecting leakage of refrigerant, in which when refrigerant leakage occurs, the amount of leakage of refrigerant is reduced.
An air conditioner according to a first aspect includes an outdoor unit, a plurality of indoor units, a liquid-refrigerant connection pipe, a gas-refrigerant connection pipe, at least one relay unit, refrigerant leakage detector, and a controller. The outdoor unit includes a compressor. Each of the indoor units includes an indoor expansion valve and an indoor heat exchanger. The liquid-refrigerant connection pipe and the gas-refrigerant connection pipe connect the outdoor unit and the indoor units to each other. The relay unit is disposed in the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe and the gas-refrigerant connection pipe. The relay unit includes a liquid relay shutoff valve in a liquid connection pipe connected to the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe, and a gas relay shutoff valve in a gas connection pipe connected to the gas-refrigerant connection pipe, and is configured to individually switch the plurality of indoor heat exchangers so that each of the plurality of indoor heat exchangers functions as an evaporator for refrigerant or a radiator for the refrigerant. The refrigerant leakage detector detects leakage of the refrigerant. The controller controls components of the outdoor unit, the indoor units, and the relay unit. When leakage of the refrigerant occurs, the controller performs first shutoff control to open the liquid relay shutoff valve and close at least one of the indoor expansion valves and the gas relay shutoff valve on the basis of information from the refrigerant leakage detector.
As described above, when refrigerant leakage occurs, first shutoff control is performed to close an indoor expansion valve and a gas relay shutoff valve with a liquid relay shutoff valve open, thereby separating only a portion between the indoor expansion valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including an indoor heat exchanger from which refrigerant is likely to leak. Accordingly, the refrigerant leaking portion is limited to a portion between the indoor expansion valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including the indoor heat exchanger. This means that closing the liquid relay shutoff valve and the gas relay shutoff valve in the relay unit when refrigerant leakage occurs can make the refrigerant leaking portion narrower than that in a case where a portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including an indoor unit is separated, where allowing the refrigerant leaking portion to include an indoor heat exchanger from which refrigerant is likely to leak.
In this way, when refrigerant leakage occurs, first shutoff control is performed, thereby enabling separation of only a narrow portion between an indoor expansion valve and a gas relay shutoff valve including an indoor heat exchanger from which refrigerant is likely to leak. The amount of leakage of refrigerant can thus be reduced.
An air conditioner according to a second aspect is the air conditioner according to the first aspect, in which the liquid relay shutoff valve is an electric expansion valve, and the controller slightly opens the liquid relay shutoff valve in the first shutoff control. As used here, the term “slightly opening” refers to opening the liquid relay shutoff valve at an opening degree of about 15% or less when fully opening of the liquid relay shutoff valve is represented as 100%.
Refrigerant leakage may also occur from a portion between a liquid relay shutoff valve and an indoor expansion valve, which is less likely to occur than refrigerant leakage from around an indoor heat exchanger (a portion between the indoor expansion valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including the indoor heat exchanger). It is thus preferable to expect that, when only the portion between the indoor expansion valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including the indoor heat exchanger is separated through the first shutoff control, refrigerant leakage may also occur from a portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the indoor expansion valve. It is also preferable to reduce the flow of refrigerant into the portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the indoor expansion valve from the outdoor unit side.
Thus, as described above, the liquid relay shutoff valve, which is constituted by an electric expansion valve, is slightly opened in the first shutoff control to reduce the flow of refrigerant into the portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the indoor expansion valve from the outdoor unit side.
Accordingly, even if leakage of refrigerant has occurred from a portion between a liquid relay shutoff valve and an indoor expansion valve, the leakage of refrigerant from this portion can be minimized during the first shutoff control.
An air conditioner according to a third aspect is the air conditioner according to the first or second aspect, in which when it is determined that the leakage of the refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed, the controller performs second shutoff control to close the liquid relay shutoff valve with the at least one of the indoor expansion valves closed.
If the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the portion between the indoor expansion valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including the indoor heat exchanger is separated through the first shutoff control, leakage of refrigerant may have occurred from the portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the indoor expansion valve.
Thus, as described above, if it is determined that the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed, second shutoff control is performed to close the liquid relay shutoff valve with the indoor expansion valve closed, thereby separating the portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the indoor expansion valve.
Accordingly, when refrigerant leakage occurs, the first shutoff control is followed by the second shutoff control, thereby separating a portion between a liquid relay shutoff valve and an indoor expansion valve. The amount of leakage of refrigerant can thus be reduced.
An air conditioner according to a fourth aspect is the air conditioner according to the third aspect, in which each of the indoor units further includes a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the refrigerant around the indoor heat exchanger, and the controller determines whether the leakage of the refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed, on the basis of the temperatures of the refrigerant detected by the temperature sensors during the first shutoff control.
If refrigerant leakage occurs around an indoor heat exchanger (a portion between an indoor expansion valve and a gas relay shutoff valve including an indoor heat exchanger), the temperature of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchanger tends to rapidly change due to refrigerant leakage when the first shutoff control is performed, compared to the case where no refrigerant leakage occurs around the indoor heat exchanger, or the temperature of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchanger may become quickly close to the ambient temperature (such as the indoor temperature) of the indoor heat exchanger is placed. For example, if the change rate of the temperature of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchanger is larger than a predetermined change rate or if the temperature of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchanger reaches a predetermined temperature, which is determined by the ambient temperature, within a predetermined time period, it can be determined that refrigerant leakage has occurred around the indoor heat exchanger. If the change rate of the temperature of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to the predetermined change rate or if the temperature of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchanger does not reach the predetermined temperature, which is determined by the ambient temperature, within the predetermined time period, it can be determined that no refrigerant leakage has occurred around the indoor heat exchanger, that is, that the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed.
Accordingly, whether the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed can be suitably determined.
An air conditioner according to a fifth aspect is the air conditioner according to the third or fourth aspect, in which the controller opens the gas relay shutoff valve in the second shutoff control.
If it is determined that the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed, it is likely that no refrigerant leakage has occurred around the indoor heat exchanger (the portion between the indoor expansion valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including the indoor heat exchanger).
Thus, as described above, the gas relay shutoff valve is opened in the second shutoff control.
Accordingly, the separation of the portion between the indoor expansion valve and the gas relay shutoff valve can be canceled, and only the portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the indoor expansion valve can be separated.
An air conditioner according to a sixth aspect is the air conditioner according to the fifth aspect, in which the gas relay shutoff valve is an electric expansion valve, and the controller slightly opens the gas relay shutoff valve in the second shutoff control. As used here, the term “slightly opening” refers to opening the gas relay shutoff valve at an opening degree of about 15% or less when fully opening of the gas relay shutoff valve is represented as 100%.
Even if it is determined that the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed, it is difficult to completely deny the probability of occurrence of leakage of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchanger (the portion between the indoor expansion valve and the gas relay shutoff valve including the indoor heat exchanger). It is thus preferable to expect that, when only the portion between the liquid relay shutoff valve and the indoor expansion valve is separated through the second shutoff control, refrigerant leakage may also occur from the portion between the indoor expansion valve and the gas relay shutoff valve. It is also preferable to reduce the flow of refrigerant into a portion between the gas relay shutoff valve and the indoor expansion valve from the outdoor unit side.
Thus, as described above, the gas relay shutoff valve, which is constituted by an electric expansion valve, is slightly opened in the second shutoff control to reduce the flow of refrigerant into the portion between the gas relay shutoff valve and the indoor expansion valve from the outdoor unit side.
Accordingly, even if leakage of refrigerant has occurred from a portion between an indoor expansion valve and a gas relay shutoff valve, the leakage of refrigerant from this portion can be minimized during the second shutoff control.
The following describes an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Specific configurations of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention are not limited to those in the following embodiment and its modifications, and may be changed without departing from the gist of the invention.
(1) Configuration
The configuration of an air conditioner 1 will be described with reference to
<Refrigerant Connection Pipes>
The liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 mainly includes a junction pipe portion that extends from the outdoor unit 2, a plurality of (here, four) first branch pipe portions 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d, which branch off from the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 before reaching the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d, and second branch pipe portions 5aa, 5bb, 5cc, and 5dd, which connect the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d and the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d to each other. The gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 mainly includes a high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7, a low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8, and branch pipe portions 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d, which connect the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d and the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d to each other. The high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 is a gas-refrigerant connection pipe from which the connection to the discharge side or suction side of a compressor 21 (described below) is switchable. The high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 includes a junction pipe portion that extends from the outdoor unit 2, and a plurality of (here, four) branch pipe portions 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d, which branch off from the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 before reaching the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. The low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8 is a gas-refrigerant connection pipe connected to the suction side of the compressor 21 (described below). The low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8 includes a junction pipe portion that extends from the outdoor unit 2, and a plurality of (here, four) branch pipe portions 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d, which branch off from the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8 before reaching the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. Since the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 includes the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 and the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8, a configuration having three connection pipes including the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 (a so-called three-pipe configuration) is achieved.
<Indoor Unit>
The indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are installed in indoor spaces, such as in a building. As described above, the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are connected to the outdoor unit 2 via the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5, the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 (the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7, the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8, and the branch pipe portions 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d), and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. The indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d form part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
Next, the configuration of the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d will be described. Since the configuration of the indoor unit 3a is similar to the configurations of the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d, only the configuration of the indoor unit 3a will be described. The configurations of the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d are respectively denoted by numbers with suffixes “b”, “c”, and “d”, instead of the suffix “a”, which is used to indicate the elements of the indoor unit 3a, and the elements of the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d will not be described.
The indoor unit 3a mainly includes an indoor expansion valve 51a and an indoor heat exchanger 52a. The indoor unit 3a further includes an indoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 53a, which connects the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 52a and the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 (here, the branch pipe portion 5aa) to each other, and an indoor gas-refrigerant pipe 54a, which connects the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 52a and the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 (here, the branch pipe portion 6a) to each other.
The indoor expansion valve 51a is an electric expansion valve capable of adjusting the flow rate of refrigerant that flows through the indoor heat exchanger 52a while decompressing the refrigerant. The indoor expansion valve 51a is disposed in the indoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 53a.
The indoor heat exchanger 52a is a heat exchanger that functions as a refrigerant evaporator to cool indoor air or functions as a refrigerant radiator to heat indoor air. The indoor unit 3a includes an indoor fan 55a for sucking indoor air into the indoor unit 3a and supplying the air into an indoor space after the indoor air is subjected to heat exchange with refrigerant by the indoor heat exchanger 52a. That is, the indoor unit 3a includes the indoor fan 55a as a fan that supplies to the indoor heat exchanger 52a indoor air serving as a source for cooling or heating refrigerant that flows through the indoor heat exchanger 52a. The indoor fan 55a is driven by an indoor-fan motor 56a.
The indoor unit 3a is provided with various sensors. Specifically, the indoor unit 3a is provided with an indoor heat-exchange liquid-side sensor 57a, which detects the temperature Trl of refrigerant at the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 52a, an indoor heat-exchange gas-side sensor 58a, which detects the temperature Trg of refrigerant at the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 52a, and an indoor air sensor 59a, which detects the temperature Tra of indoor air sucked into the indoor unit 3a. The indoor unit 3a is also provided with a refrigerant sensor 79a as refrigerant leakage detector for detecting leakage of refrigerant. While the refrigerant sensor 79a is disposed in the indoor unit 3a, this is not limiting. The refrigerant sensor 79a may be disposed in a remote control used to operate the indoor unit 3a, or may be disposed in an indoor space or the like to be air-conditioned by the indoor unit 3a.
<Outdoor Unit>
The outdoor unit 2 is installed in an outside space, such as outside a building. As described above, the outdoor unit 2 is connected to the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d via the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5, the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 (the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7, the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8, and the branch pipe portions 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d), and the relay units 4a, 4h, 4c, and 4d. The outdoor unit 2 forms part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
The outdoor unit 2 mainly includes the compressor 21 and one or more (here, two) outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b. The outdoor unit 2 further includes switching mechanisms 22a and 22b for switching between a radiation operation state in which each of the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b functions as a refrigerant radiator and an evaporation operation state in which each of the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b functions as a refrigerant evaporator. The switching mechanisms 22a and 22b and the suction side of the compressor 21 are connected to each other by a suction refrigerant pipe 31. The suction refrigerant pipe 31 is provided with an accumulator 29, which temporarily stores refrigerant to be sucked into the compressor 21. The discharge side of the compressor 21 and the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b are connected to each other by a discharge refrigerant pipe 32. The switching mechanism 22a and 22b and the gas-side ends of the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b are connected to each other by first outdoor gas-refrigerant pipes 33a and 33b. The liquid-side ends of the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b and the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 are connected to each other by an outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34. A portion of the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34, which is connected to the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5, is provided with a liquid-side shutoff valve 27. The outdoor unit 2 further includes a third switching mechanism 22c for switching between a refrigerant outflow state in which refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is delivered to the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 and a refrigerant inflow state in which refrigerant flowing through the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 is delivered to the suction refrigerant pipe 31. The third switching mechanism 22c and the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 are connected to each other by a second outdoor gas-refrigerant pipe 35. The third switching mechanism 22c and the suction side of the compressor 21 are connected to each other by the suction refrigerant pipe 31. The discharge side of the compressor 21 and the third switching mechanism 22c are connected to each other by the discharge refrigerant pipe 32. A portion of the second outdoor gas-refrigerant pipe 35, which is connected to the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7, is provided with a high/low-pressure gas-side shutoff valve 28a. The suction refrigerant pipe 31 is connected to the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8. A portion of the suction refrigerant pipe 31, which is connected to the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8, is provided with a low-pressure gas-side shutoff valve 28b. The liquid-side shutoff valve 27 and the gas-side shutoff valves 28a and 28b are manually openable and closable valves.
The compressor 21 is a device for compressing refrigerant. Examples of the compressor 21 include a hermetically sealed compressor in which a positive displacement compression element (not illustrated), such as a rotary or scroll compression element, is driven to rotate by a compressor motor 21a.
The first switching mechanism 22a is a device capable of switching the flow of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 such that, when the first outdoor heat exchanger 23a is caused to function as a refrigerant radiator (hereinafter referred to as “outdoor radiation state”), the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the gas side of the first outdoor heat exchanger 23a are connected to each other (see the solid lines in the first switching mechanism 22a in
The first outdoor heat exchanger 23a is a heat exchanger that functions as a refrigerant radiator or a refrigerant evaporator. The second outdoor heat exchanger 23b is a heat exchanger that functions as a refrigerant radiator or a refrigerant evaporator. The outdoor unit 2 includes an outdoor fan 24 for sucking outdoor air into the outdoor unit 2 and discharging the air to the outside after the outdoor air is subjected to heat exchange with refrigerant by the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b. That is, the outdoor unit 2 includes the outdoor fan 24 as a fan that supplies to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b outdoor air serving as a source for cooling or heating refrigerant that flows through the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b. The outdoor fan 24 is driven by an outdoor fan motor 24a.
The third switching mechanism 22c is a device capable of switching the flow of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 such that, when refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is to be delivered to the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 (hereinafter referred to as “refrigerant outflow state”), the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 are connected to each other (see the broken lines in the third switching mechanism 22c in
In the air conditioner 1, when focus is placed on the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b, the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5, the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d, and the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, operations (cooling only operation and cooling main operation) are performed in which refrigerant flows from the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b to the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, which function as refrigerant evaporators, through the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. The cooling only operation is an operation state in which only indoor heat exchangers functioning as refrigerant evaporators (i.e., indoor units that perform cooling operation) exist, and the cooling main operation is an operation state in which both indoor heat exchangers functioning as refrigerant evaporators and indoor heat exchangers functioning as refrigerant radiators (i.e., indoor units that perform heating operation) exist, with the load on the evaporation side (i.e., cooling load) being larger as a whole. In the air conditioner 1, furthermore, when focus is placed on the compressor 21, the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6, the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d, and the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, operations (heating only operation and heating main operation) are performed in which refrigerant flows from the compressor 21 to the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, which function as refrigerant radiators, through the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. The heating only operation is an operation state in which only indoor heat exchangers functioning as refrigerant radiators (i.e., indoor units that perform heating operation) exist, and the heating main operation is an operation state in which both indoor heat exchangers functioning as refrigerant radiators and indoor heat exchangers functioning as refrigerant evaporators exist, with the load on the radiation side (i.e., heating load) being larger as a whole. In the cooling only operation and the cooling main operation, at least one of the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b is switched to the outdoor radiation state. Accordingly, the entirety of the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b functions as a refrigerant radiator, and refrigerant is caused to flow from the outdoor unit 2 to the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d through the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. In the heating only operation and the heating main operation, at least one of the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b is switched to the outdoor evaporation state, and the third switching mechanism 22c is switched to the refrigerant outflow state. Accordingly, the entirety of the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b functions as a refrigerant evaporator, and refrigerant is caused to flow from the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d to the outdoor unit 2 through the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d.
Furthermore, the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34 is provided with outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b. The outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b are each an electric expansion valve that decompresses refrigerant in the heating only operation and the heating main operation. The outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b are disposed in portions of the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34 close to the liquid-side ends of the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b.
Moreover, a refrigerant return pipe 41 is connected to the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34, and the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34 is further provided with a refrigerant cooler 45. The refrigerant return pipe 41 is a refrigerant pipe that delivers a branch portion of refrigerant flowing through the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34 to the compressor 21. The refrigerant cooler 45 is a heat exchanger that cools refrigerant flowing through the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34 by using the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41. The outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b are disposed in portions of the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34 closer to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b than to the refrigerant cooler 45.
The refrigerant return pipe 41 is a refrigerant pipe that branches off from the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34 and that delivers refrigerant to the suction side of the compressor 21. The refrigerant return pipe 41 mainly includes a refrigerant return inlet pipe 42 and a refrigerant return outlet pipe 43. The refrigerant return inlet pipe 42 is a refrigerant pipe that delivers a branch portion of refrigerant flowing through the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34 from a portion between the liquid-side ends of the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b and the liquid-side shutoff valve 27 (here, from a portion between the outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b and the refrigerant cooler 45) to the inlet of the refrigerant cooler 45 on the refrigerant return pipe 41 side. The refrigerant return inlet pipe 42 is provided with a refrigerant return expansion valve 44, which adjusts the flow rate of refrigerant that flows through the refrigerant cooler 45 while decompressing the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41. The refrigerant return expansion valve 44 is constituted by an electric expansion valve. The refrigerant return outlet pipe 43 is a refrigerant pipe that delivers refrigerant from the outlet of the refrigerant cooler 45 on the refrigerant return pipe 41 side to the suction refrigerant pipe 31. In addition, the refrigerant return outlet pipe 43 of the refrigerant return pipe 41 is connected to a portion of the suction refrigerant pipe 31, which corresponds to the inlet of the accumulator 29. The refrigerant cooler 45 is configured to cool refrigerant flowing through the outdoor liquid refrigerant pipe 34 by using the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41.
The outdoor unit 2 is provided with various sensors. Specifically, the outdoor unit 2 is provided with a discharge pressure sensor 36, which detects the pressure (discharge pressure Pd) of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21, a discharge temperature sensor 37, which detects the temperature (discharge temperature Td) of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21, and a suction pressure sensor 39, which detects the pressure (suction pressure Ps) of refrigerant to be sucked into the compressor 21. The outdoor unit 2 is further provided with outdoor heat-exchange liquid-side sensors 38a and 38b, which detect the temperatures Tol (outdoor heat-exchange outlet temperatures Tol) of refrigerant at the liquid-side ends of the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b.
<Relay Unit>
The relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are installed in indoor spaces, such as in a building. The relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are interposed, together with the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 and the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 (the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7, the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8, and the branch pipe portions 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d), between the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d and the outdoor unit 2. The relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d form part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
Next, the configuration of the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d will be described. Since the configuration of the relay unit 4a is similar to the configurations of the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d, only the configuration of the relay unit 4a will be described. The configurations of the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d are respectively denoted by numbers with suffixes “b”, “c”, and “d”, instead of the suffix “a”, which is used to indicate the elements of the relay unit 4a, and the elements of the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d will not be described.
The relay unit 4a mainly includes a liquid connection pipe 61a and a gas connection pipe 62a.
The liquid connection pipe 61a has an end connected to the first branch pipe portion 5a of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 and another end connected to the second branch pipe portion 5aa of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5. The liquid connection pipe 61a is provided with a liquid relay shutoff valve 71a. The liquid relay shutoff valve 71a is an electric expansion valve.
The gas connection pipe 62a includes a high-pressure gas connection pipe 63a, which is connected to the branch pipe portion 7a of the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7, a low-pressure gas connection pipe 64a, which is connected to the branch pipe portion 8a of the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8, and a junction gas connection pipe 65a where the high-pressure gas connection pipe 63a and the low-pressure gas connection pipe 64a are joined together. The junction gas connection pipe 65a is connected to the branch pipe portion 6a of the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6. The high-pressure gas connection pipe 63a is provided with a high-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 66a, and the low-pressure gas connection pipe 64a is provided with a low-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 67a. The high-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 66a and the low-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 67a are each constituted by an electric expansion valve.
When the indoor unit 3a performs cooling operation, the relay unit 4a is capable of functioning to deliver refrigerant, which flows into the liquid connection pipe 61a through the first branch pipe portion 5a of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5, to the indoor unit 3a through the second branch pipe portion 5aa of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5, with the liquid relay shutoff valve 71a and the low-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 67a open; and thereafter return refrigerant, which has been evaporated by heat exchange with indoor air in the indoor heat exchanger 52a, to the branch pipe portion 8a of the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8 through the branch pipe portion 6a of the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6, the junction gas connection pipe 65a, and the low-pressure gas connection pipe 64a. When the indoor unit 3a performs heating operation, the relay unit 4a is capable of functioning to deliver refrigerant, which flows into the high-pressure gas connection pipe 63a and the junction gas connection pipe 65a through the branch pipe portion 7a of the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7, to the indoor unit 3a through the branch pipe portion 6a of the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6, with the low-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 67a closed and the liquid relay shutoff valve 71a and the high-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 66a open; and thereafter return refrigerant, which has released heat by heat exchange with indoor air in the indoor heat exchanger 52a, to the first branch pipe portion 5a of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 through the second branch pipe portion 5aa of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 and the liquid connection pipe 61a. In this way, the high-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 66a and the low-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 67a are configured to be opened and closed in the case of switching the indoor heat exchanger 52a so that the indoor heat exchanger 52a functions as a refrigerant evaporator or a refrigerant radiator. The relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d, as well as the relay unit 4a, also have the functions described above. Thus, the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are capable of individually switching the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d so that each of the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d functions as a refrigerant evaporator or a refrigerant radiator.
<Controller>
The controller 19 is connected to controllers or the like (not illustrated) included in the outdoor unit 2, the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d via transmission links. In
(2) Basic Operations of Air Conditioner
Next, the basic operations of the air conditioner 1 will be described with reference to
<Cooling Only Operation>
In the cooling only operation, for example, when all the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d perform cooling operation (i.e., an operation in which all the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d function as refrigerant evaporators and the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b function as refrigerant radiators), the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b are switched to the outdoor radiation state (the state indicated by solid lines in the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b in
Then, high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is delivered to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b through the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b. The refrigerant delivered to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b is cooled in the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b, which function as refrigerant radiators, by heat exchange with outdoor air supplied by the outdoor fan 24 and is thus condensed. The refrigerant flows out of the outdoor unit 2 through the outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b, the refrigerant cooler 45, and the liquid-side shutoff valve 27. In this case, in the refrigerant cooler 45, the refrigerant that flows out of the outdoor unit 2 is cooled by using the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 2 are branched into flows which are then delivered to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 (the junction pipe portion and the first branch pipe portions 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d). The flows of refrigerant delivered to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d exit the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are delivered to the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d through the second branch pipe portions 5aa, 5bb, 5cc, and 5dd (portions of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 that connect the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d and the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d to each other). The flows of refrigerant delivered to the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are decompressed by the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and are then delivered to the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d. The flows of refrigerant delivered to the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d are heated in the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, which function as refrigerant evaporators, by heat exchange with indoor air supplied from indoor spaces by the indoor fans 55a, 55b, 55c, and 55d, and are thus evaporated. The flows of refrigerant exit the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. On the other hand, the indoor air cooled in the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d is delivered to the indoor spaces, thereby cooling the indoor spaces.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are delivered to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the branch pipe portions 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d of the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6. The flows of refrigerant delivered to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d exit the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the high-pressure gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, and 66d and the low-pressure gas relay shutoff valves 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are joined together and are delivered to the outdoor unit 2 through the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7 (the junction pipe portion and the branch pipe portions 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d) and the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8 (the junction pipe portion and the branch pipe portions 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d). The refrigerant delivered to the outdoor unit 2 is sucked into the compressor 21 through the gas-side shutoff valves 28a and 28b, the third switching mechanism 22c and the accumulator 29.
<Heating Only Operation>
In the heating only operation, for example, when all the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d perform heating operation (i.e., an operation in which all the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d function as refrigerant radiators and the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b function as refrigerant evaporators), the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b are switched to the outdoor evaporation state (the state indicated by broken lines in the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b in
Then, high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows out of the outdoor unit 2 through the third switching mechanism 22c and the gas-side shutoff valve 28a.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 2 branches into flows which are then delivered to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 (the junction pipe portion and the branch pipe portions 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d of the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7). The flows of refrigerant delivered to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d exit the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the high-pressure gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, and 66d.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are delivered to the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d through the branch pipe portions 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d (portions of the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 that connect the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d and the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d to each other). The flows of refrigerant delivered to the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are delivered to the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d. The flows of high-pressure refrigerant delivered to the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d are cooled in the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, which function as refrigerant radiators, by heat exchange with indoor air supplied from indoor spaces by the indoor fans 55a, 55b, 55c, and 55d, and are thus condensed. The flows of refrigerant are decompressed by the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and then exit the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. On the other hand, the indoor air heated in the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d is delivered to the indoor spaces, thereby heating the indoor spaces.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are delivered to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the second branch pipe portions 5aa, 5bb, 5cc, and 5dd (portions of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 that connect the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d and the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d to each other). The flows of refrigerant delivered to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d exit the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are joined together and are delivered to the outdoor unit 2 through the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 (the junction pipe portion and the first branch pipe portions 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d). The refrigerant delivered to the outdoor unit 2 is delivered to the outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b through the liquid-side shutoff valve 27 and the refrigerant cooler 45. The refrigerant delivered to the outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b and is then delivered to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b. The refrigerant delivered to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b is heated by heat exchange with outdoor air supplied by the outdoor fan 24 and is then evaporated. The refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 21 through the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b and the accumulator 29.
<Cooling Main Operation>
In the cooling main operation, for example, when the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d perform cooling operation and the indoor unit 3a performs heating operation (i.e., an operation in which the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52c, and 52d function as refrigerant evaporators and the indoor heat exchanger 52a functions as a refrigerant radiator) and the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b function as refrigerant radiators, the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b are switched to the outdoor radiation state (the state indicated by solid lines in the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b in
Then, portions of high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 are delivered to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b through the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b, and the remaining portion of the high-pressure refrigerant flows out of the outdoor unit 2 through the third switching mechanism 22c and the gas-side shutoff valve 28a. The portions of the refrigerant delivered to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b are cooled in the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b, which function as refrigerant radiators, by heat exchange with outdoor air supplied by the outdoor fan 24, and are thus condensed. The portions of the refrigerant flow out of the outdoor unit 2 through the outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b, the refrigerant cooler 45, and the liquid-side shutoff valve 27. In this case, in the refrigerant cooler 45, the refrigerant that flows out of the outdoor unit 2 is cooled by using the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 2 through the third switching mechanism 22c and so on is delivered to the relay unit 4a through the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 (the junction pipe portion and the branch pipe portion 7a of the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7). The refrigerant delivered to the relay unit 4a flows out of the relay unit 4a through the high-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 66a.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the relay unit 4a is delivered to the indoor unit 3a through the branch pipe portion 6a (a portion of the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 that connects the relay unit 4a and the indoor unit 3a to each other). The refrigerant delivered to the indoor unit 3a is delivered to the indoor heat exchanger 52a. The high-pressure refrigerant delivered to the indoor heat exchanger 52a is cooled in the indoor heat exchanger 52a, which functions as a refrigerant radiator, by heat exchange with indoor air supplied from an indoor space by the indoor fan 55a, and is thus condensed. The refrigerant is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 51a and then flows out of the indoor unit 3a. On the other hand, the indoor air heated in the indoor heat exchanger 52a is delivered to the indoor space, thereby heating the indoor space.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the indoor unit 3a is delivered to the relay unit 4a through the second branch pipe portion 5aa (a portion of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 that connects the relay unit 4a and the indoor unit 3a to each other). The refrigerant delivered to the relay unit 4a flows out of the relay unit 4a through the liquid relay shutoff valve 71a.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the relay unit 4a is delivered to the junction pipe portion of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 through the first branch pipe portion 5a and is joined with the flows of refrigerant that have exited the outdoor unit 2 through the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b and so on. The refrigerant branches into flows which are then delivered to the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d through the first branch pipe portions 5b, 5c, and 5d of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5. The flows of refrigerant delivered to the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d exit the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d through the liquid relay shutoff valves 71b, 71c, and 71d.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d are delivered to the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d through the second branch pipe portions 5bb, 5cc, and 5dd (portions of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 that connect the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d and the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d to each other). The flows of refrigerant delivered to the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d are decompressed by the indoor expansion valves 51b, 51c, and 51d and are then delivered to the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52a, and 52b. The flows of refrigerant delivered to the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52c, and 52d are heated in the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52c, and 52d, which function as refrigerant evaporators, by heat exchange with indoor air supplied from indoor spaces by the indoor fans 55b, 55c, and 55d, and are thus evaporated. The flows of refrigerant exit the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d. On the other hand, the indoor air cooled in the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52c, and 52d is delivered to the indoor spaces, thereby cooling the indoor spaces.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d are delivered to the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d through the branch pipe portions 6b, 6c, and 6d of the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6. The flows of refrigerant delivered to the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d exit the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d through the low-pressure gas relay shutoff valves 67b, 67c, and 67d.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d are joined together and are delivered to the outdoor unit 2 through the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8 (the junction pipe portion and the branch pipe portions 8b, 8c, and 8d). The refrigerant delivered to the outdoor unit 2 is sucked into the compressor 21 through the gas-side shutoff valve 28b, the third switching mechanism 22c, and the accumulator 29.
<Heating Main Operation>
In the heating main operation, for example, when the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d perform heating operation and the indoor unit 3a performs cooling operation (i.e., an operation in which the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52c, and 52d function as refrigerant radiators and the indoor heat exchanger 52a functions as a refrigerant evaporator) and the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b function as refrigerant evaporators, the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b are switched to the outdoor evaporation state (the state indicated by broken lines in the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b in
Then, high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows out of the outdoor unit 2 through the third switching mechanism 22c and the gas-side shutoff valve 28a.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 2 branches into flows which are then delivered to the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d through the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 (the junction pipe portion and the branch pipe portions 7b, 7c, and 7d of the high/low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 7). The flows of refrigerant delivered to the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d exit the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d through the high-pressure gas relay shutoff valves 66b, 66c, and 66d.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d are delivered to the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d through the branch pipe portions 6b, 6c, and 6d (portions of the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6 that connect the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d and the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d to each other). The flows of refrigerant delivered to the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d are delivered to the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52c, and 52d. The flows of high-pressure refrigerant delivered to the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52c, and 52d are cooled in the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52c, and 52d, which function as refrigerant radiators, by heat exchange with indoor air supplied from indoor spaces by the indoor fans 55b, 55c, and 55d, and are thus condensed. The flows of refrigerant are decompressed by the indoor expansion valves 51b, 51c, and 51d and then exit the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d. On the other hand, the indoor air heated in the indoor heat exchangers 52b, 52c, and 52d is delivered to the indoor spaces, thereby heating the indoor spaces.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d are delivered to the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d through the second branch pipe portions 5bb, 5cc, and 5dd (portions of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 that connect the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d and the indoor units 3b, 3c, and 3d to each other). The flows of refrigerant delivered to the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d exit the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d through the liquid relay shutoff valves 71b, 71c, and 71d.
The flows of refrigerant that have exited the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are joined together in the junction pipe portion through the first branch pipe portions 5b, 5c, and 5d of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5. A portion of the resulting refrigerant is branched and delivered to the relay unit 4a through the first branch pipe portion 5a, and the remaining portion of the refrigerant is delivered to the outdoor unit 2 through the junction pipe portion of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5.
The refrigerant delivered to the relay unit 4a flows out of the relay unit 4a through the liquid relay shutoff valve 71a.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the relay unit 4a is delivered to the indoor unit 3a through the second branch pipe portion 5aa (a portion of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 that connects the relay unit 4a and the indoor unit 3a to each other). The refrigerant delivered to the indoor unit 3a is decompressed by the indoor expansion valve 51a and is then delivered to the indoor heat exchanger 52a. The refrigerant delivered to the indoor heat exchanger 52a is heated in the indoor heat exchanger 52a, which functions as a refrigerant evaporator, by heat exchange with indoor air supplied from an indoor space by the indoor fan 55a, and is thus evaporated. The refrigerant flows out of the indoor unit 3a. On the other hand, the indoor air cooled in the indoor heat exchanger 52a is delivered to the indoor space, thereby cooling the indoor space.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the indoor unit 3a is delivered to the relay unit 4a through the branch pipe portion 6a of the gas-refrigerant connection pipe 6. The refrigerant delivered to the relay unit 4a flows out of the relay unit 4a through the low-pressure gas relay shutoff valve 67a.
The refrigerant that has flowed out of the relay unit 4a is delivered to the outdoor unit 2 through the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8 (the junction pipe portion and the branch pipe portion 8a).
The refrigerant delivered to the outdoor unit 2 through the junction pipe portion of the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe 5 is delivered to the outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b through the liquid-side shutoff valve 27 and the refrigerant cooler 45. The refrigerant delivered to the outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b is decompressed by the outdoor expansion valves 25a and 25b and is then delivered to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b. The refrigerant delivered to the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b is heated by heat exchange with outdoor air supplied by the outdoor fan 24 and is thus evaporated. The refrigerant flows through the switching mechanisms 22a and 22b and the accumulator 29 and is joined with the refrigerant delivered to the outdoor unit 2 through the low-pressure gas-refrigerant connection pipe 8. The resulting refrigerant is then sucked into the compressor 21.
(3) Operations and Features of Air Conditioner when Refrigerant Leakage Occurs
Next, the operations and features of the air conditioner 1 when refrigerant leakage occurs will be described with reference to
In the air conditioner 1, as described above, in addition to the refrigerant sensors 79a, 79b, 79c, and 79d, which serve as refrigerant leakage detectors, the relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d, 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d are disposed in the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. With the use of these components, when the refrigerant sensors 79a, 79b, 79c, and 79d detect leakage of refrigerant, the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d may be closed. That is, when refrigerant leakage occurs, portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d may be separated. Accordingly, the refrigerant leaking portion is limited to the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d.
However, closing the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d means permitting leakage of refrigerant that exists in the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. Thus, closing the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d may not be sufficient in terms of reduction in the amount of leakage.
To address this, as illustrated in
As described above, when refrigerant leakage occurs, through the first shutoff control, the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d are closed with the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d open. Accordingly, only portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, from which refrigerant is likely to leak, can be separated. Accordingly, the refrigerant leaking portion is limited to the portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d. This means that the refrigerant leaking portion can be made narrower than that in a case where the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d are closed when refrigerant leakage occurs, where allowing the refrigerant leaking portion to include the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, from which refrigerant is likely to leak.
In this way, when refrigerant leakage occurs, the first shutoff control is performed, thereby enabling separation of only narrow portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, from which refrigerant is likely to leak. The amount of leakage of refrigerant can thus be reduced.
In addition, as illustrated in
The processing of step ST2 is not limited to the processing prior to the processing of step ST4. The processing of step ST2 may be performed simultaneously with the processing of step ST4, or may be performed after the processing of step ST4 is performed. Also, the processing of step ST3 is not limited to the processing prior to the processing of step ST4. If an increase in the pressure of refrigerant to some extent is acceptable, the processing of step ST3 may be performed simultaneously with the processing of step ST4 or immediately after the processing of step ST4 is performed.
In the operation of the air conditioner 1 according to the embodiment described above when refrigerant leakage occurs (see
In this case, refrigerant leakage is most likely to have occurred from around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d (portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d). However, refrigerant leakage may also occur from portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d, which is less likely to occur. It is thus preferable to expect that, when only the portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d are separated through the first shutoff control, refrigerant leakage may also occur from the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d. That is, in the first shutoff control, it is preferable to reduce the flow of refrigerant into the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d from the outdoor unit 2 side.
Accordingly, as illustrated in
Thus, even if leakage of refrigerant has occurred from the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d, the leakage of refrigerant from these portions can be minimized during the first shutoff control. It may be possible to fully close the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d in terms of minimization of the leakage of refrigerant. However, fully closing the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d is not preferable because, for example, if the detection of leakage of refrigerant is incorrect, a liquid seal occurs in the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d. Slightly opening the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d, in contrast, can suppress the occurrence of a liquid seal in these portions.
(5) Modification 2
In the operation of the air conditioner 1 according to the embodiment and Modification 1 when refrigerant leakage occurs (see
However, if the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed, leakage of refrigerant may have occurred from the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d.
As illustrated in
Accordingly, when refrigerant leakage occurs, the first shutoff control in step ST4 is followed by the second shutoff control in step ST6, thereby separating the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d. The amount of leakage of refrigerant can thus be reduced.
Whether the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control in step ST4 is performed is determined by the controller 19 in step ST5. In step ST5, the controller 19 determines whether the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed, on the basis of the temperatures Trl of refrigerant detected by the indoor heat-exchange liquid-side sensors 57a, 57b, 57c, and 57d during the first shutoff control in step ST4. Specifically, the manner in which the temperature Trl of refrigerant tends to change when leakage of refrigerant occurs around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d (in the portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d) is utilized to determine whether the leakage of refrigerant continues. If refrigerant leakage occurs around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, the temperatures (here, Trl) of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d tend to rapidly change due to refrigerant leakage when, for example, the first shutoff control in step ST4 is performed, compared to the case where no refrigerant leakage occurs around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d. In addition, due to refrigerant leakage, the temperatures (here, Trl) of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d tend to become quickly close to the ambient temperatures of the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d (such as the temperatures Tra of indoor air detected by the indoor air sensors 59a, 59b, 59c, and 59d). Accordingly, for example, if the change rates ΔTrl of the temperatures Trl of refrigerant are larger than a predetermined change rate ΔTrls or if the temperatures Trl of refrigerant reach a predetermined temperature Tras, which is determined by the ambient temperature Tra, within a predetermined time period ts, it may be determined that leakage of refrigerant has occurred around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d. On the other hand, if the change rates ΔTrl of the temperatures Trl of refrigerant are less than or equal to the predetermined change rate ΔTrls or if the temperatures Trl of refrigerant do not reach the predetermined temperature Tras, which is determined by the ambient temperature Tra, within the predetermined time period ts, it can be determined that leakage of refrigerant has not occurred around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, that is, that the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed.
Accordingly, in step ST5, the controller 19 can suitably determine whether the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed.
The temperatures of refrigerant to be used for the determination in step ST5 are not limited to the temperatures Trl of refrigerant detected by the indoor heat-exchange liquid-side sensors 57a, 57b, 57c, and 57d, and the temperatures Trg of refrigerant at the gas-side ends of the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d, which are detected by the indoor heat-exchange gas-side sensors 58a, 58b, 58c, and 58d, may be used.
If it is determined in step ST5 that the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed, no leakage of refrigerant is likely to have occurred around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d (in the portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d).
Then, in step ST6, the controller 19 opens the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d in the second shutoff control.
Accordingly, in step ST6, the separation of the portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d can be canceled, and only the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d can be separated.
Also in this modification, the processing of step ST2 is not limited to the processing prior to the processing of steps ST4 to ST6. The processing of step ST2 may be performed simultaneously with the processing of any of steps ST4 to ST6, or may be performed after the processing of any of steps ST4 to ST6 is performed. Also, the processing of step ST3 is not limited to the processing prior to the processing of step ST4. If an increase in the pressure of refrigerant to some extent is acceptable, the processing of step ST3 may be performed simultaneously with the processing of step ST4 or immediately after the processing of step ST4 is performed.
(6) Modification 3
In the operation of the air conditioner 1 according to Modification 2 described above when refrigerant leakage occurs (see
Even if it is determined that the leakage of refrigerant continues even after the first shutoff control is performed, it is difficult to completely deny the probability of occurrence of leakage of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d (in the portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d including the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d). It is thus preferable to expect that, when only the portions between the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d are separated through the second shutoff control, refrigerant leakage may also occur from the portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d. That is, in the second shutoff control, it is preferable to reduce the flow of refrigerant into the portions between the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d and the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d from the outdoor unit 2 side.
Accordingly, as illustrated in
Thus, even if leakage of refrigerant has occurred from the portions between the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d and the gas relay shutoff valves 66a, 66b, 66c, 66d, 67a, 67b, 67c, and 67d, the leakage of refrigerant from these portions can be minimized during the second shutoff control.
(7) Other Modifications
<A>
The air conditioner 1 according to the above-described embodiment and Modifications 1 to 3 includes the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d respectively corresponding to the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d; however, this is not limiting. For example, all the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d or some of the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d may be integrated into a relay unit.
<B>
In the air conditioner 1 according to the above-described embodiment (see
<C>
In the basic operations (cooling only operation, heating only operation, cooling main operation, and heating main operation), the air conditioner 1 according to the above-described embodiment and Modifications 1 to 3 controls the respective flow rates of refrigerant flowing through the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d through decompression performed by the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d; however, this is not limiting. For example, the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d in the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d, each of which is an electric expansion valve, may be utilized to control the respective flow rates of refrigerant flowing through the indoor units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d through decompression performed by the liquid relay shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d, instead of through decompression performed by the indoor expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d.
<D>
In the air conditioner 1 according to the above-described embodiment and Modifications 1 to 3, the refrigerant sensors 79a, 79b, 79c, and 79d are used as refrigerant leakage detectors for detecting leakage of refrigerant; however, this is not limiting. For example, changes in temperature such as the temperatures Trl or Trg of refrigerant around the indoor heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d or the temperatures Tra of indoor air may be used to detect leakage of refrigerant.
The present invention is widely applicable to air conditioners including an outdoor unit, a plurality of indoor units, a liquid-refrigerant connection pipe, a gas-refrigerant connection pipe, a relay unit including a relay shutoff valve in a liquid connection pipe connected to the liquid-refrigerant connection pipe and a relay shutoff valve in a gas connection pipe connected to the gas-refrigerant connection pipe, and refrigerant leakage detector for detecting leakage of refrigerant.
PTL 1: Japanese Patent No. 5517789
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-211676 | Oct 2016 | JP | national |
This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/385,819, filed on Apr. 16, 2019, which is a Continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/JP2017/038154, filed on Oct. 23, 2017, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(a) to Patent Application No. 2016-211676, filed in Japan on Oct. 28, 2016, all of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into the present application.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130014525 | Koge et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20140033754 | Hatomura et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2492614 | Aug 2012 | EP |
| 2009-299910 | Dec 2009 | JP |
| 2012-013339 | Jan 2012 | JP |
| 5517789 | Jun 2014 | JP |
| 2016-11780 | Jan 2018 | JP |
| WO 2011141959 | Nov 2011 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability and English translation of the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, dated May 8, 2019, for International Application No. PCT/JP2017/038154. |
| International Search Report (PCT/ISA/210) issued in PCT/JP2017/038154, dated Dec. 26, 2017. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200088431 A1 | Mar 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16385819 | Apr 2019 | US |
| Child | 16690685 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2017/038154 | Oct 2017 | US |
| Child | 16385819 | US |
