Patent Grant
10976090
The present invention relates to air conditioners, and particularly to an air conditioner including a refrigerant circuit and a control unit. The refrigerant circuit is constituted by connecting a compressor, a plurality of indoor heat exchangers that are parallel with each other, liquid-side indoor expansion valves corresponding to a liquid side of the respective indoor heat exchangers, and an outdoor heat exchanger. The control unit performs heating operation in which refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant circuit is circulated in the order of the compressor, the indoor heat exchangers, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves, and the outdoor heat exchanger.
There has been an air conditioner including a refrigerant circuit and a control unit, the refrigerant circuit being constituted by connecting a compressor, a plurality of indoor heat exchangers that are parallel with each other, liquid-side indoor expansion valves corresponding to a liquid side of the respective indoor heat exchangers, and an outdoor heat exchanger, the control unit performing heating operation in which refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant circuit is circulated in the order of the compressor, the indoor heat exchangers, the indoor expansion valves (hereinafter referred to as “liquid-side indoor expansion valves”), and the outdoor heat exchanger. As such an air conditioner, as described in PTL 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 7-310962), in a case where the plurality of indoor heat exchangers include both a heating-operation indoor heat exchanger that performs heating operation and a heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger that does not perform heating operation, in order to suppress accumulation of refrigerant in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, the liquid-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger is controlled to be slightly open so that a small amount of refrigerant flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. Alternatively, instead of controlling the liquid-side indoor expansion valve to be slightly open, an expansion mechanism (formed by using a capillary tube and a check valve) that bypasses the liquid-side indoor expansion valve is provided so that a small amount of refrigerant flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger through the expansion mechanism in a state where the liquid-side indoor expansion valve is closed.
It is possible to suppress accumulation of refrigerant in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger by controlling the liquid-side indoor expansion valve to be slightly open according to PTL 1 or using the expansion mechanism that bypasses the liquid-side indoor expansion valve. However, since high-pressure refrigerant flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant releases heat in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, which is a radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
An object of the present invention is, in a case where the plurality of indoor heat exchangers include both the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger that performs heating operation and the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger that does not perform heating operation, to suppress the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger when suppressing accumulation of refrigerant by causing the refrigerant to flow into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
An air conditioner according to a first aspect includes a refrigerant circuit and a controller. The refrigerant circuit is constituted by connecting a compressor, a plurality of indoor heat exchangers that are parallel with each other, liquid-side indoor expansion valves corresponding to a liquid side of the respective indoor heat exchangers, and an outdoor heat exchanger. The controller performs a heating operation in which refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant circuit is circulated in an order of the compressor, the indoor heat exchangers, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves, and the outdoor heat exchanger. Note that the refrigerant circuit further includes gas-side indoor expansion valves corresponding to a gas side of the respective indoor heat exchangers. Furthermore, in a case where the indoor heat exchangers include both a heating-operation indoor heat exchanger that performs the heating operation and a heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger that does not perform the heating operation, the controller controls the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the gas-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger such that an opening degree of the gas-side indoor expansion valve becomes smaller than an opening degree of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve. The phrase “not perform heating operation” herein means a state in which the operation of an indoor unit including an indoor heat exchanger is stopped or a state in which the indoor unit is in a thermo-off state, and the term “heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger” means the indoor heat exchanger of the indoor unit in this “not perform heating operation” state.
When a small amount of refrigerant flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger by controlling the liquid-side indoor expansion valve to be slightly open or using the expansion mechanism that bypasses the liquid-side indoor expansion valve according to the related art, the refrigerant is not decompressed on the upstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, and the refrigerant is decompressed to a great extent on the downstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. Thus, as in the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger, the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor also flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. Furthermore, the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor has a much higher temperature than an atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, which leads to generation of a radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
Therefore, herein, the gas-side indoor expansion valves are provided at the gas side of the respective indoor heat exchangers as described above. In a case where both the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger and the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger are present, the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the gas-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger are controlled such that the opening degree of the gas-side indoor expansion valve becomes smaller than the opening degree of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve. When the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the gas-side indoor expansion valve are controlled in the above manner, the refrigerant is decompressed to a great extent on the upstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger compared with that on the downstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. Thus, a small amount of refrigerant at a low pressure, compared with the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor, flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. Accordingly, herein, the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger can be decreased to approach the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. As a result, the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger can be suppressed.
In the above manner, herein, in order to suppress accumulation of refrigerant, in a case where both the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger and the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger are present, by causing a small amount of refrigerant to flow into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, the gas-side indoor expansion valve is provided and controlled such that the opening degree of the gas-side indoor expansion valve becomes smaller than the opening degree of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve. As a result, the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger can be suppressed.
According to an air conditioner according to a second aspect, in the air conditioner according to the first aspect, the controller controls the gas-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger such that the opening degree of the gas-side indoor expansion valve becomes fully open.
In this case, unlike in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, the gas-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger is controlled such that the opening degree of the gas-side indoor expansion valve becomes fully open as described above. Thus, the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor can directly flow into the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger.
Accordingly, in this case, as for the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger, it is possible to perform heating operation as in a case where all the indoor heat exchangers perform heating operation and in a case of a configuration of the related art in which the gas-side indoor expansion valves are not provided.
According to an air conditioner according to a third aspect, in the air conditioner according to the first or second aspect, the controller controls the gas-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger such that the opening degree of the gas-side indoor expansion valve becomes slightly open. The term “slightly open” herein corresponds to an opening degree of about 15% or less when a fully open state of the gas-side indoor expansion valve is 100%.
In this case, the gas-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger is controlled such that the opening degree thereof becomes slightly open as described above. Thus, a small amount of refrigerant is decompressed to a great extent on the upstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, and a small amount of refrigerant at a sufficiently low pressure, compared with the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor, flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
Accordingly, in this case, the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger can further approach the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, and the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger can be sufficiently suppressed.
According to an air conditioner according to a fourth aspect, in the air conditioner according to any one of the first to third aspects, the controller controls the liquid-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger such that the opening degree of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve becomes fully open.
In this case, as described above, the liquid-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger is controlled such that the opening degree thereof becomes fully open. Thus, refrigerant at the same pressure as the refrigerant that has been decompressed by the liquid-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
Accordingly, in this case, the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger can further approach the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, and the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger can be sufficiently suppressed.
According to an air conditioner according to a fifth aspect, in the air conditioner according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the refrigerant circuit further includes an outdoor expansion valve between the liquid-side indoor expansion valves and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the controller controls an opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve such that the temperature of refrigerant in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger becomes lower than or equal to an atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
In order to reliably suppress the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger may be made lower than or equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. Meanwhile, the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger fluctuates by being influenced by a pressure of refrigerant flowing between the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the outdoor heat exchanger. Accordingly, for example, in a case where a saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure of refrigerant flowing between the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the outdoor heat exchanger is much higher than the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, even if the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the gas-side indoor expansion valve are controlled in the above manner, it is not possible to make the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger become lower than or equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger in some cases.
Therefore, in this case, in a case where both the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger and the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger are present, the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the gas-side indoor expansion valve are controlled, and also the opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve is controlled such that the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger becomes lower than or equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
Thus, in this case, it is possible to make the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger become lower than or equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger so that the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger can be reliably suppressed.
According to an air conditioner according to a sixth aspect, in the air conditioner according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the refrigerant circuit further includes an outdoor expansion valve between the liquid-side indoor expansion valves and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the controller controls an opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve such that the temperature of refrigerant in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger becomes higher than or equal to an atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
In order to reliably suppress the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger may be made lower than or equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. However, if the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger is much lower than the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, the refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger may cool the atmosphere of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, which may result in generation of a cold draft from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. In order to prevent the generation of such a cold draft from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger is preferably made higher than or equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. Meanwhile, the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger fluctuates by being influenced by the pressure of refrigerant flowing between the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the outdoor heat exchanger. Accordingly, for example, in a case where a saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure of refrigerant flowing between the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the outdoor heat exchanger is much lower than the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, even if the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the gas-side indoor expansion valve are controlled in the above manner, it is not possible to make the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger become higher than or equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger in some cases.
Therefore, in this case, in a case where both the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger and the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger are present, the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve and the gas-side indoor expansion valve are controlled, and also the opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve is controlled such that the temperature of refrigerant in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger becomes higher than or equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
Thus, in this case, it is possible to make the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger become higher than or equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger so that the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger and the cold draft from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger can be suppressed. Note that in order to reliably suppress both the radiation loss and the cold draft from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, the opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve is preferably controlled such that the temperature of refrigerant in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger becomes equal to the atmosphere temperature of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger.
According to an air conditioner according to a seventh aspect, in the air conditioner according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the controller performs cooling operation in which the refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant circuit is circulated in an order of the compressor, the outdoor heat exchanger, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves, and the indoor heat exchangers and controls opening degrees of the gas-side indoor expansion valves on the basis of an evaporation temperature of refrigerant in the indoor heat exchangers.
During cooling operation under a condition in which the outside air temperature is low and the load is small (low-outside-air-temperature small-load cooling operation), a difference between a high pressure and a low pressure of the compressor may become too small, which results in failure of continuation of the cooling operation.
Therefore, in this case, as described above, during cooling operation, the opening degree of the gas-side indoor expansion valves is controlled on the basis of the evaporation temperature of refrigerant in the indoor heat exchangers.
Thus, in this case, even under an operation condition where the difference between the high pressure and the low pressure of the compressor is likely to be decreased, such as in the low-outside-air-temperature small-load cooling operation, it is possible to perform a stable cooling operation while maintaining a sufficient difference between the high pressure and the low pressure of the compressor.
According to an air conditioner according to an eighth aspect, in the air conditioner according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, the respective indoor heat exchangers are provided in indoor units, and the air conditioner is provided with refrigerant leakage detector. In addition, in this case, if the refrigerant leakage detector detects leakage of the refrigerant, the controller controls the liquid-side indoor expansion valves and the gas-side indoor expansion valves such that opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valves and the gas-side indoor expansion valves become fully closed. Note that the refrigerant leakage detector may be refrigerant sensors that directly detect leakage of the refrigerant, or may be any device that determines whether the refrigerant has leaked or estimates its amount on the basis of a relationship between the temperature of refrigerant in the indoor heat exchangers and the atmosphere temperature of the indoor heat exchangers, for example.
In this case, as described above, the refrigerant leakage detector is further provided, and, if the refrigerant leakage detector detects leakage of the refrigerant, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves and the gas-side indoor expansion valves are closed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant from flowing into the indoor heat exchangers from the compressor or outdoor heat exchanger side and to suppress an increase in the concentration of refrigerant in indoor spaces.
According to an air conditioner according to a ninth aspect, in the air conditioner according to the eighth aspect, before controlling the liquid-side indoor expansion valves and the gas-side indoor expansion valves to be fully closed, the controller stops the compressor.
In this case, as described above, if the refrigerant leakage detector detects leakage of the refrigerant, before controlling the liquid-side indoor expansion valves and the gas-side indoor expansion valves to be fully closed, the compressor is stopped. Thus, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in the pressure of refrigerant.
According to an air conditioner according to a tenth aspect, in the air conditioner according to the eight or ninth aspect, the refrigerant circuit further includes pressure adjusting valves that are provided to bypass the respective gas-side indoor expansion valves or the respective liquid-side indoor expansion valves and that open when the pressure of refrigerant in the indoor heat exchangers increases to a predetermined pressure.
In a case where the liquid-side indoor expansion valves and the gas-side indoor expansion valves are fully closed if the refrigerant leakage detector detects leakage of the refrigerant, the indoor heat exchanger in which the refrigerant has not leaked is in a liquid-sealed state, which may result in an excessive increase in the pressure of refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger.
Accordingly, in this case, as described above, the pressure adjusting valves are provided so as to bypass the gas-side indoor expansion valves or the liquid-side indoor expansion valves. The pressure adjusting valves open when the pressure of refrigerant in the indoor heat exchangers increases to a predetermined pressure. Alternatively, instead of providing the pressure adjusting valves, expansion valves having a function of preventing a liquid-sealed state may be employed as the liquid-side indoor expansion valves or the gas-side indoor expansion valves.
Thus, in this case, it is possible to prevent that the indoor heat exchanger in which the refrigerant has not leaked is in a liquid-sealed state.
Hereinafter, an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that a specific configuration of the air conditioner according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the configurations in the following embodiment and modifications thereof and may be changed within the spirit of the present invention.
The liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5 mainly includes a junction pipe portion extending from the outdoor unit 2 and a plurality of (two in this embodiment) branch pipe portions 5a and 5b that branch off at positions in front of the indoor units 3a and 3b. The gas-refrigerant communication pipe 6 mainly includes a junction pipe portion extending from the outdoor unit 2 and a plurality of (two in this embodiment) branch pipe portions 6a and 6b that branch off at positions in front of the indoor units 3a and 3b.
The outdoor unit 2 is installed outside a building or the like. The outdoor unit 2 is connected to the indoor units 3a and 3b via the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5 and the gas-refrigerant communication pipe 6 as described above, and is a part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
Now, a configuration of the outdoor unit 2 will be described.
The outdoor unit 2 mainly includes a compressor 21 and an outdoor heat exchanger 23. The outdoor unit 2 further includes a switching mechanism 22 for switching between a radiator operation state and an evaporator operation state. In the radiator operation state, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 serves as a radiator for refrigerant, whereas in the evaporator operation state, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 serves as an evaporator for refrigerant. The switching mechanism 22 and the suction side of the compressor 21 are connected by a suction refrigerant pipe 31. The suction refrigerant pipe 31 is provided with an accumulator 29 that temporarily accumulates refrigerant that is to be sucked into the compressor 21. The discharge side of the compressor 21 and the switching mechanism 22 are connected by a discharge refrigerant pipe 32. The switching mechanism 22 and the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected by a first outdoor gas-refrigerant pipe 33. The liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5 are connected by an outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34. At a portion of the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 where the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5 is connected, a liquid-side shutoff valve 27 is provided. The switching mechanism 22 and the gas-refrigerant communication pipe 6 are connected by a second outdoor gas-refrigerant pipe 35. At a portion of the second outdoor gas-refrigerant pipe 35 where the gas-refrigerant communication pipe 6 is connected, a gas-side shutoff valve 28 is provided. The liquid-side shutoff valve 27 and the gas-side shutoff valve 28 are manually opened and closed valves.
The compressor 21 compresses refrigerant and is, for example, a hermetically sealed compressor in which a positive-displacement compression element (not shown), such as a rotary compression element or a scroll compression element, is rotated by a compressor motor 21a.
The switching mechanism 22 is, for example, a four-way switching valve and can switch the flow of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 as follows: the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the gas side of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected (see the solid line in the switching mechanism 22 in
The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a heat exchanger that serves as a radiator for refrigerant or an evaporator for refrigerant. Note that the outdoor unit 2 includes an outdoor fan 24 for sucking outdoor air into the outdoor unit 2 and discharging, to the outside, the air that has been subjected to heat exchange with refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 23. That is, the outdoor unit 2 includes the outdoor fan 24 as a fan that supplies the outdoor heat exchanger 23 with outdoor air as a cooling source or a heating source for refrigerant flowing in the outdoor heat exchanger 23. In this embodiment, the outdoor fan 24 is driven by an outdoor fan motor 24a.
In addition, in this embodiment, the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 is provided with an outdoor expansion valve 25. The outdoor expansion valve 25 is an electric expansion valve that decompresses refrigerant during heating operation and is provided in a portion of the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 that is close to the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 is connected to a refrigerant returning pipe 41, and a refrigerant cooler 45 is provided. The refrigerant returning pipe 41 is a refrigerant pipe that branches a part of refrigerant flowing in the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 to send it to the compressor 21. The refrigerant cooler 45 is a heat exchanger that cools the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 by using refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant returning pipe 41. Note that the outdoor expansion valve 25 is provided at a portion of the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 that is closer to the outdoor heat exchanger 23 than to the refrigerant cooler 45.
The refrigerant returning pipe 41 is a refrigerant pipe that sends refrigerant that is branched off from the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 to the suction side of the compressor 21. The refrigerant returning pipe 41 mainly includes a refrigerant returning inlet pipe 42 and a refrigerant returning outlet pipe 43. The refrigerant returning inlet pipe 42 is a refrigerant pipe that branches a part of the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 from a portion between the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 27 (a portion between the outdoor expansion valve 25 and the refrigerant cooler 45 in this embodiment) to send it to the inlet of the refrigerant cooler 45 on the refrigerant returning pipe 41 side. The refrigerant returning inlet pipe 42 is provided with a refrigerant returning expansion valve 44 that adjusts the flow rate of refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant cooler 45 while decompressing the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant returning pipe 41. Note that the refrigerant returning expansion valve 44 is an electric expansion valve. The refrigerant returning outlet pipe 43 is a refrigerant pipe that sends refrigerant from the outlet of the refrigerant cooler 45 on the refrigerant returning pipe 41 side to the suction refrigerant pipe 31. Moreover, the refrigerant returning outlet pipe 43 of the refrigerant returning pipe 41 is connected to a portion of the suction refrigerant pipe 31 on the inlet side of the accumulator 29. In addition, the refrigerant cooler 45 cools the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 by using the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant returning pipe 41.
The outdoor unit 2 is provided with various sensors. Specifically, the outdoor unit 2 is provided with a discharge pressure sensor 36, a discharge temperature sensor 37, and a suction pressure sensor 39. The discharge pressure sensor 36 detects a pressure (discharge pressure Pd) of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21. The discharge temperature sensor 37 detects a temperature (discharge temperature Td) of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21. The suction pressure sensor 39 detects a pressure (suction pressure Ps) of refrigerant that is to be sucked into the compressor 21. The outdoor unit 2 is further provided with an outdoor heat exchanger liquid-side sensor 38 and a liquid pipe temperature sensor 49. The outdoor heat exchanger liquid-side sensor 38 detects a temperature Tol (outdoor heat exchanger outlet temperature Tol) of refrigerant at the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23. The liquid pipe temperature sensor 49 detects a temperature (liquid pipe temperature Tlp) of refrigerant at a portion of the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 between the refrigerant cooler 45 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 27.
The indoor units 3a and 3b are installed in indoor spaces of a building or the like. The indoor units 3a and 3b are connected to the outdoor unit 2 via the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5 and the gas-refrigerant communication pipe 6 as described above, and are parts of the refrigerant circuit 10.
Now, configurations of the indoor units 3a and 3b will be described. Since the indoor unit 3a and the indoor unit 3b have substantially the same configuration, only the configuration of the indoor unit 3a will be described in this embodiment. Description of components of the indoor unit 3b will be omitted by denoting the components with subscript “b” instead of subscript “a”, which denotes components of the indoor unit 3a.
The indoor unit 3a mainly includes a liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51a and an indoor heat exchanger 52a. The indoor unit 3a further includes an indoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 53a and an indoor gas-refrigerant pipe 54a. The indoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 53a connects the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 52a and the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5. The indoor gas-refrigerant pipe 54a connects the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 52a and the gas-refrigerant communication pipe 6.
The liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51a is an electric expansion valve provided to correspond to the liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 52a and is provided in the indoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 53a.
The indoor heat exchanger 52a is a heat exchanger that serves as an evaporator for refrigerant to cool indoor air or as a radiator for refrigerant to heat indoor air. Note that the indoor unit 3a includes an indoor fan 55a that sucks indoor air into the indoor unit 3a and supplies indoor spaces with, as supplied air, the air that has been subjected to heat exchange with refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 52a. That is, the indoor unit 3a includes the indoor fan 55a as a fan that supplies the indoor heat exchanger 52a with indoor air as a cooling source or a heating source for refrigerant flowing in the indoor heat exchanger 52a. The indoor fan 55a is driven by an indoor fan motor 56a.
Focusing only on the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b, and the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b in the air conditioner 1, cooling operation is performed in which refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant circuit 10 is circulated in the order of the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b, the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b, the gas-refrigerant communication pipe 6, and the compressor 21. In addition, focusing only on the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b, and the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b in the air conditioner 1, heating operation is performed in which the refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant circuit 10 is circulated in the order of the compressor 21, the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b, and the outdoor heat exchanger 23. Note that in this embodiment, the switching mechanism 22 is switched to the outdoor radiator state during cooling operation and to the outdoor evaporator state during heating operation.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, a gas-side indoor expansion valve 61a corresponding to the gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 52a is further provided. The gas-side indoor expansion valve 61a is an electric expansion valve provided in the indoor gas-refrigerant pipe 54a.
The indoor unit 3a is provided with various sensors. Specifically, the indoor unit 3a is provided with an indoor heat exchanger liquid-side sensor 57a, an indoor heat exchanger gas-side sensor 58a, and an indoor air sensor 59a. The indoor heat exchanger liquid-side sensor 57a detects a temperature Trl of refrigerant at the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 52a. The indoor heat exchanger gas-side sensor 58a detects a temperature Trg of refrigerant at the gas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 52a. The indoor air sensor 59a detects a temperature Tra of indoor air that is to be sucked into the indoor unit 3a.
The control unit 19 is constituted by a control board and the like (not shown) provided in the outdoor unit 2, the indoor units 3a and 3b, and the like connected to each other via communication lines. Note that the control unit 19 is illustrated at a position away from the outdoor unit 2 and the indoor units 3a and 3b for convenience in
Next, the operations and features of the air conditioner 1 will be described with reference to
The air conditioner 1 performs cooling operation and heating operation. Note that the operations of the air conditioner 1 described below are performed by the control unit 19 that controls the components of the air conditioner 1.
During cooling operation, for example, when all the indoor units 3a and 3b perform cooling operation (i.e., operation in which all the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b serve as evaporators for refrigerant and in which the outdoor heat exchanger 23 serves as a radiator for refrigerant), the switching mechanism 22 is switched to the outdoor radiator state (state illustrated by the solid line in the switching mechanism 22 in
Subsequently, high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is sent through the switching mechanism 22 to the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (see point B in
The refrigerant that flows out of the outdoor unit 2 branches into and sent to the indoor units 3a and 3b through the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5 (see points F in
The refrigerant that flows out of the indoor units 3a and 3b is sent together to the outdoor unit 2 through the gas-refrigerant communication pipe 6 (see point J in
During cooling operation described above, the control unit 19 causes the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 to be cooled by using the refrigerant returning pipe 41 and the refrigerant cooler 45 to be sent to the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5. Specifically, the control unit 19 controls the opening degree of the refrigerant returning expansion valve 44 so as to regulate the flow rate of refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant returning pipe 41. In this embodiment, the control unit 19 causes the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b to decompress the refrigerant sent from the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5 to the indoor units 3a and 3b until the refrigerant is in a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state. Specifically, the control unit 19 controls the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b such that a degree of superheating SHr of refrigerant at the gas-side ends of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b becomes a target degree of superheating SHrt. The control unit 19 obtains the degree of superheating SHr of refrigerant at the gas-side ends of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b by subtracting the indoor heat exchanger liquid-side temperature Trl from the indoor heat exchanger gas-side temperature Trg. The control unit 19 controls the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b as follows: the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b are increased when the degree of superheating SHr is larger than the target degree of superheating SHrt; and the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b are decreased when the degree of superheating SHr is smaller than the target degree of superheating SHrt. Additionally, in this embodiment, the control unit 19 controls the opening degrees of the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b to be fixed in a full-open state so that the refrigerant that flows out of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b is not decompressed. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the control unit 19 also controls the opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 25 to be fixed in a full-open state so that the refrigerant that flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is not decompressed.
In a case where all the indoor units 3a and 3b perform heating operation (i.e., operation in which all the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b serve as radiators for refrigerant and in which the outdoor heat exchanger 23 serves as an evaporator for refrigerant), the switching mechanism 22 is switched to the outdoor evaporator state (state illustrated by the dashed line in the switching mechanism 22 in
Subsequently, the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is sent through the switching mechanism 22 and the gas-side shutoff valve 28 to flow out of the outdoor unit 2 (see point J in
The refrigerant that flows out of the outdoor unit 2 branches into and sent to the indoor units 3a and 3b through the gas-refrigerant communication pipe 6 (see points I in
The refrigerant that flows out of the indoor units 3a and 3b is sent together to the outdoor unit 2 through the liquid-refrigerant communication pipe 5 (see point E in
In a case where all the indoor units 3a and 3b described above perform heating operation, the control unit 19 causes the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b to decompress the refrigerant that has released heat in the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b. Specifically, the control unit 19 controls the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b such that a degree of subcooling SCr of refrigerant at the liquid-side ends of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b becomes a target degree of subcooling SCrt. Specifically, the control unit 19 obtains the degree of subcooling SCr of refrigerant at the liquid-side ends of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b from the indoor heat exchanger liquid-side temperature Trl. The control unit 19 obtains the degree of subcooling SCr of refrigerant at the liquid-side ends of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b by subtracting the indoor heat exchanger liquid-side temperature Trl from a temperature Trc of refrigerant obtained by converting the discharge pressure Pd into a saturation temperature. The control unit 19 controls the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b as follows: the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b are decreased when the degree of subcooling SCr is smaller than the target degree of subcooling SCrt; and the opening degrees of the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b are increased when the degree of subcooling SCr is larger than the target degree of subcooling SCrt. Additionally, in this embodiment, the control unit 19 controls the opening degrees of the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b to be fixed in a full-open state so that the refrigerant that flows into the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b is not decompressed. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the control unit 19 also controls the outdoor expansion valve 25 so that the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor liquid-refrigerant pipe 34 is in a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state to be sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 23. Specifically, the control unit 19 controls the opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 25 to adjust the decompression degree of refrigerant that is to be sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 23. In addition, in this embodiment, the control unit 19 sets the opening degree of the refrigerant returning expansion valve 44 to a full-closed state to prevent the refrigerant from flowing into the refrigerant returning pipe 41.
In some cases of heating operation, some of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b serves as a heating-operation indoor heat exchanger, which performs heating operation, while the remain of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b serves as a heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, which does not perform heating operation. The phrase “not perform heating operation” herein means a state in which the operation of an indoor unit including an indoor heat exchanger is stopped or a state in which the indoor unit is in a thermo-off state, and the term “heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger” means the indoor heat exchanger of the indoor unit in this “not perform heating operation” state.
In a case where both the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger and the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger are present in this manner, refrigerant may be accumulated in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger. As measures against this situation, in the related art, for example, a liquid-side indoor expansion valve corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger is controlled to be slightly open so that a small amount of refrigerant flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger, or an expansion mechanism (formed by using a capillary tube and a check valve) that bypasses the liquid-side indoor expansion valve is provided so that a small amount of refrigerant flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger through the expansion mechanism in a state where the liquid-side indoor expansion valve is closed.
However, when a small amount of refrigerant flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger (which is, for example, the indoor heat exchanger 52b) by controlling the liquid-side indoor expansion valve to be slightly open or using the expansion mechanism that bypasses the liquid-side indoor expansion valve as in the related art, the refrigerant is not decompressed on the upstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b, and the refrigerant is decompressed to a great extent on the downstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b (see points G and F in
Therefore, in this embodiment, the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b are provided at the gas side of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b as described above. In a case where both the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger 52a and the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b are present, as illustrated in
Specifically, in this embodiment, the control unit 19 controls the gas-side indoor expansion valve 61b corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b such that the opening degree thereof becomes slightly open. The term “slightly-open” herein corresponds to an opening degree of about 15% or less when a fully open state of the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b is 100%. In addition, in this embodiment, the control unit 19 controls the liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51b corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b such that the opening degree thereof becomes fully open.
When the liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51b and the gas-side indoor expansion valve 61b are controlled in the above manner, the refrigerant is decompressed to a great extent on the upstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b compared with that on the downstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b (see points I and H′ in
In the above manner, in this embodiment, in order to suppress accumulation of refrigerant, in a case where both the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger 52a and the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b are present, by causing a small amount of refrigerant to flow into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b, the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b are provided and controlled such that the opening degree of the gas-side indoor expansion valve 61b becomes smaller than the opening degree of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51b. As a result, the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b can be suppressed.
In particular, as described above, the gas-side indoor expansion valve 61b corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b is controlled such that the opening degree thereof becomes slightly open in this embodiment. Thus, a small amount of refrigerant is decompressed to a great extent on the upstream side of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b, and a small amount of refrigerant at a sufficiently low pressure, compared with the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21, flows into the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b (see points H′ and G′ in
Accordingly, in this embodiment, the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b can further approach the atmosphere temperature Tra of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b, and the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b can be sufficiently suppressed.
As described above, the opening degree of the gas-side indoor expansion valve 61b is made smaller than the opening degree of the liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51b by fully opening the liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51b corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b and slightly opening the gas-side indoor expansion valve 61a in this embodiment. However, any other combination of opening degrees may be employed.
While the liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51b and the gas-side indoor expansion valve 61b corresponding to the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b are controlled in the above manner, the gas-side indoor expansion valve 61a corresponding to the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger 52a is controlled such that the opening degree thereof becomes fully open, as in a case where all the indoor units 3a and 3b perform heating operation (see
Thus, in this case, unlike in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b, the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 can directly flow into the heating-operation indoor heat exchanger 52a (see points I and H in
In order to reliably suppress the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b in the control where some of the indoor units does not perform heating operation in the above embodiment (see
Meanwhile, the temperature Trl or Trg of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b fluctuates by being influenced by a pressure of refrigerant flowing between the liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51b and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (see points H′ and G′ in
Therefore, in this modification, as illustrated in
Thus, in this modification, it is possible to make the temperature Trl or Trg of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b become lower than or equal to the atmosphere temperature Tra of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b so that the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b can be reliably suppressed.
In order to reliably suppress the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b in the control where some of the indoor units does not perform heating operation in the above embodiment (see
However, if the temperature Trl or Trg of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b is much lower than the atmosphere temperature Tra of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b, the refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b may cool the atmosphere (the indoor air in this modification) of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b, which may result in generation of a cold draft from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b. In order to prevent the generation of such a cold draft from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b, the temperature Trl or Trg of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b is preferably made higher than or equal to the atmosphere temperature Tra of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b.
Meanwhile, the temperature Trl or Trg of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b fluctuates by being influenced by the pressure of refrigerant flowing between the liquid-side indoor expansion valve 51b and the outdoor heat exchanger 52b (see points H′ and G′ in
Therefore, in this modification, as illustrated in
Thus, in this modification, it is possible to make the temperature Trl or Trg of refrigerant flowing in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b become higher than or equal to the atmosphere temperature Tra of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b so that the radiation loss from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b and the cold draft from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b can be suppressed. Note that in order to reliably suppress both the radiation loss and the cold draft from the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b, the opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 25 is preferably controlled such that the temperature Trl or Trg of refrigerant in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b becomes equal to the atmosphere temperature Tra of the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b. Specifically, the control unit 19 controls the opening degree of the outdoor expansion valve 25 such that the temperature Trg or Trl of refrigerant in the heating-stopped indoor heat exchanger 52b becomes equal to the atmosphere temperature Tra.
In the air conditioner 1 (see
During such low-outside-air-temperature small-load cooling operation, a difference between a high pressure and a low pressure of the compressor 21 may become too small, which results in failure of continuation of the cooling operation.
Therefore, in this modification, during cooling operation, the control unit 19 controls the opening degrees of the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b on the basis of an evaporation temperature Tre of refrigerant in the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b. Specifically, the control unit 19 determines whether a difference ΔP between the high pressure and the low pressure of the compressor 21 becomes smaller than a predetermined value ΔPm. Note that the difference ΔP between the high pressure and the low pressure is obtained by subtracting the suction pressure Ps from the discharge pressure Pd. If the control unit 19 determines that the difference ΔP between the high pressure and the low pressure of the compressor 21 becomes smaller than the predetermined value ΔPm, the control unit 19 controls the opening degrees of the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b such that the evaporation temperature Tre of refrigerant becomes a target evaporation temperature Tret. As the evaporation temperature Tre of refrigerant in this modification, the temperature Trl of refrigerant at the liquid-side end of the indoor heat exchangers 52a and 52b is used. As illustrated in
Thus, in this modification, even under an operation condition where the difference ΔP between the high pressure and the low pressure of the compressor 21 is likely to be decreased, such as in the low-outside-air-temperature small-load cooling operation, it is possible to perform a stable cooling operation while maintaining a sufficient difference ΔP between the high pressure and the low pressure of the compressor 21.
In the air conditioner 1 (see
Specifically, as illustrated in
Thus, in this modification, if the refrigerant leakage detecting means detects leakage of the refrigerant, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b and the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b are closed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant from flowing into the indoor units 3a and 3b from the refrigerant communication pipes 5 and 6 side and to suppress an increase in the concentration of refrigerant in indoor spaces.
If leakage of the refrigerant is detected in step ST1, a warning may be given (step ST2).
In addition, before closing the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b and the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b, the compressor 21 may be stopped (step ST3) so as to suppress an excessive increase in the pressure of refrigerant.
In the air conditioner 1 (see
Accordingly, in this modification, as illustrated in
Note that the pressure adjusting valves 62a and 62b may be provided so as to bypass the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b instead of the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b. Alternatively, instead of providing the pressure adjusting valves 62a and 62b, expansion valves having a function of preventing a liquid-sealed state may be employed as the liquid-side indoor expansion valves 51a and 51b and the gas-side indoor expansion valves 61a and 61b.
In the air conditioner (see
In the air conditioner (see
The present invention is widely applicable to an air conditioner including a refrigerant circuit and a control unit, the refrigerant circuit being constituted by connecting a compressor, a plurality of indoor heat exchangers that are parallel with each other, liquid-side indoor expansion valves corresponding to a liquid side of the respective indoor heat exchangers, and an outdoor heat exchanger, the control unit performing heating operation in which refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant circuit is circulated in the order of the compressor, the indoor heat exchangers, the liquid-side indoor expansion valves, and the outdoor heat exchanger.
[PTL 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 7-310962
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016-192560 | Sep 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/035687 | 9/29/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018/062547 | 4/5/2018 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20190249912 A1 | Aug 2019 | US |
