Patent Grant
9739521
The present application claims the benefit of priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-017757, filed on Jan. 31, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an air conditioning apparatus in which at least one outdoor unit and a plurality of indoor units are alternately connected by refrigerant pipes.
Related Art
Conventionally, an air conditioning apparatus has been proposed in which at least one outdoor unit and a plurality of indoor units are alternately connected by a plurality of refrigerant pipes. If the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger becomes equal to or lower than 0 degrees C. while this air conditioning apparatus is performing a heating operation, there is a possibility that frost forms on the outdoor heat exchanger. If frost adheres to the outdoor heat exchanger, the heat exchange between the refrigerant and outside air is hindered by the frost, so that there is a possibility that the heat exchange efficiency at the outdoor heat exchanger is reduced. Therefore, when frost forms on the outdoor heat exchanger, it is necessary to perform a defrosting operation to remove the frost from the outdoor heat exchanger.
For example, in an air conditioning apparatus described in JP-A-2009-228928 (page 9, FIG. 1), one outdoor unit having a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger and an outdoor fan and two indoor units each having an indoor heat exchanger and an indoor fan are connected by a plurality of refrigerant pipes. When the defrosting operation is performed while the heating operation is being performed by this air conditioning apparatus, the rotations of the outdoor fan and the indoor fan are stopped, the compressor is temporarily stopped, the four-way valve is switched so that the state of the outdoor heat exchanger is changed from a state of functioning as an evaporator to a state of functioning as a condenser, and the compressor is started again. By causing the outdoor heat exchanger to function as a condenser, the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor flows into the outdoor heat exchanger to thaw the frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger. Thereby, the outdoor heat exchanger can be defrosted.
As the condition for the shift from the heating operation to the defrosting operation, the following condition is preset: a condition where it is considered that frost forms on the outdoor heat exchanger such as when the state in which the temperature of the heat exchanger is equal to or lower than 0 degrees C. continues for 10 minutes or longer while the air conditioning apparatus is performing the heating operation (hereinafter, referred to as defrosting operation start condition), and when the defrosting operation start condition is satisfied, a shift from the heating operation to the defrosting operation is made. As the condition for ending the defrosting operation, the following condition is preset: a condition where it is considered that the frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger is thawed such as when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger becomes equal to or higher than 5 degrees C. (hereinafter, referred to as defrosting operation end condition), and when the defrosting operation end condition is satisfied, the heating operation is resumed from the defrosting operation.
On the other hand, when the heating operation is being performed by the above-described air conditioning apparatus, there is a possibility that the refrigerant oil discharged from the compressor together with the refrigerant accumulates in the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning apparatus, so that there is a possibility that the amount of refrigerant oil in the compressor is reduced to cause lubrication deficiency in the mechanical part of the compressor. Therefore, when the air conditioning apparatus is performing the heating operation, it is necessary to periodically perform an oil recovery operation to return the refrigerant oil to the compressor.
When the oil recovery operation is performed, the rotation of the indoor fan is stopped, and as when the defrosting operation is performed, the compressor is temporarily stopped, the four-way valve is switched so that the state of the outdoor heat exchanger is changed from the state of functioning as an evaporator to the state of functioning as a condenser, and the compressor is started again. By driving the compressor with the refrigerant circuit in such a state, a refrigerant of high wetness flows through the refrigerant circuit, so that the refrigerant oil remaining in the refrigerant circuit is sucked into the compressor to be returned into the compressor.
As the condition for the shift to the oil recovery operation, the following condition is preset: a condition where the refrigerant oil is discharged from the compressor and the amount of refrigerant oil in the compressor becomes equal to or lower than an amount that hinders the operation of the compressor such as every time the total operating time of the compressor becomes three hours (hereinafter, referred to as oil recovery operation start condition), and when the oil recovery operation start condition is satisfied, a shift from the heating operation to the oil recovery operation is made. As the condition for ending the oil recovery operation, the following condition is preset: a condition where it is considered that a wet refrigerant (a condition where fluid refrigerant is contained in gas refrigerant) is sucked in the compressor and the refrigerant oil remaining in the refrigerant circuit is sucked into the the compressor together with the wet refrigerant such as when the superheating degree of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor (hereinafter, referred to as sucking superheating degree) becomes equal to or lower than 0 degrees C. (hereinafter, referred to as oil recovery operation end condition), and when the oil recovery operation end condition is satisfied, the heating operation is resumed from the oil recovery operation.
As described above, when the air conditioning apparatus is performing the heating operation, there are cases where the heating operation is stopped, switching is made so that the outdoor heat exchanger functions as a condenser and the defrosting operation and the oil recovery operation (hereinafter, referred to as reverse defrosting operation and reverse oil recovery operation) are performed, and generally, the defrosting operation start condition for the shift to the reverse defrosting operation and the oil recovery operation start condition for the shift to the reverse oil recovery operation are set to different conditions.
Consequently, there is a possibility that the defrosting operation start condition and the oil recovery operation start condition are intermittently satisfied such that the defrosting operation start condition is satisfied to make a shift from the heating operation to the reverse defrosting operation and immediately after the reverse defrosting operation is ended and the heating operation is resumed, the oil recovery operation start condition is satisfied to make a shift from the heating operation to the reverse oil recovery operation. If such a situation occurs, even though the reverse defrosting operation is ended and the heating operation is resumed, the heating operation is interrupted again by the shift to the reverse oil recovery operation, so that if the situation frequently occurs in which the defrosting operation start condition and the oil recovery operation start condition are intermittently satisfied, the heating operation is frequently interrupted, which can impair user comfort.
One or more embodiments of the present invention provides an air conditioning apparatus which prevents the reverse defrosting operation and the reverse oil recovery operation from being frequently executed to frequently interrupt the heating operation.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, an air-conditioning apparatus is provided with: at least one outdoor unit including a compressor; a flow path switching valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, outdoor heat exchanger temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger, and sucking superheating degree detecting means for detecting a sucking superheating degree as a superheating degree of a refrigerant sucked into the compressor; a plurality of indoor units having an indoor heat exchanger; and a refrigerant circuit in which the at least one outdoor unit and the indoor units are alternately connected by a plurality of refrigerant pipes. In this air conditioning apparatus, when the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger detected by the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detecting means becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature and the sucking superheating degree detected by the sucking superheating degree detecting means becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature while a reverse defrosting operation to thaw frost forming on the outdoor heat exchanger by causing the outdoor heat exchanger to function as a condenser is being performed, the reverse defrosting operation is ended.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention as described above, the air conditioning apparatus of the present invention has a reverse oil recovery operation to recover a refrigerant oil discharged from the compressor and remaining in the refrigerant circuit, into the compressor by causing the outdoor heat exchanger to function as a condenser every time a total operating time of the compressor becomes a predetermined time, and the air conditioning apparatus resets the total operating time when the reverse defrosting operation is ended.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention as described above, since the state of the refrigerant circuit when the reverse defrosting operation is performed and the state of the refrigerant circuit when the reverse oil recovery operation is performed are the same, even if the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature when the reverse defrosting operation is being performed, by continuing the reverse defrosting operation until the condition where it is considered that the refrigerant oil can be recovered is satisfied, that is, until the sucking superheating degree of the compressor becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the refrigerant oil can also be recovered. Moreover, since the total operating time as the reverse oil recovery operation start condition is reset when the reverse defrosting operation is ended, the situation in which the defrosting operation start condition and the oil recovery operation start condition are intermittently satisfied can be prevented from frequency occurring to frequently interrupt the heating operation, so that user comfort is not impaired.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail based on the attached drawings. As the embodiment, an air conditioning apparatus will be described as an example in which two outdoor units and four indoor units are alternately connected by refrigerant pipes and a so-called simultaneous cooling and heating operation can be performed in which each indoor unit can selectively perform the cooling operation and the heating operation. The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described below and may be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.
As shown in
In this air conditioning apparatus 1, by opening and closing or switching various valves provided in the outdoor units 2a and 2b and the switching units 6a to 6d, various operations can be performed such as the heating operation (all the indoor units perform the heating operation), a heating dominant operation (a case where the overall ability required by the indoor units performing the heating operation is higher than that required by the indoor units performing the cooling operation), the cooling operation (all the indoor units perform the cooling operation) and a cooling dominant operation (a case where the overall ability required by the indoor units performing the cooling operation is higher than that required by the indoor units performing the heating operation).
As shown in
The compressor 21a is an ability variable compressor the operating capacity of which can be varied by being driven by a non-illustrated motor the number of rotations of which is controlled by an inverter. The discharge side of the compressor 21a is connected to the closing valve 40a by the outdoor unit high pressure gas pipe 33a. The sucking side of the compressor 21a is connected to the outflow side of the accumulator 25a by the refrigerant pipe 36a. The inflow side of the accumulator 25a is connected to the closing valve 41a by the outdoor unit low pressure gas pipe 34a.
The four-way valve 22a is a valve for switching the direction of the flow of the refrigerant, and has four ports a, b, c and d. To the port a, a refrigerant pipe connected to the outdoor unit high pressure gas pipe 33a at a connection point A is connected. The port b and the outdoor heat exchanger 23a are connected by the refrigerant pipe 37a. The refrigerant pipe 38a connected to the port c is connected to the outdoor unit low pressure gas pipe 34a at a connection point B. The port d is sealed.
The outdoor heat exchanger 23a performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air taken into the indoor unit 2a by the outdoor fan 24a described later. One end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23a is connected to the port b of the four-way valve 22a by the refrigerant pipe 37a as mentioned above, and the other end thereof is connected to one port of the outdoor expansion valve 43a by a refrigerant pipe. The other port of the outdoor expansion valve 43a is connected to the closing valve 42a by the outdoor unit fluid pipe 35a. The outdoor heat exchanger 23a functions as a condenser when the air conditioning apparatus 1 performs the cooling/cooling dominant operation, and functions as an evaporator when the air conditioning apparatus 1 performs the heating/heating dominant operation.
The outdoor fan 24a is a propeller fan made of a resin material and disposed in the vicinity of the outdoor heat exchanger 23a, and is rotated by a non-illustrated fan motor to thereby take outside air into the indoor unit 2a. After heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air is performed at the outdoor heat exchanger 23a, the heat-exchanged outside air is discharged to the outside of the indoor unit 2a.
The accumulator 25a has the inflow side thereof connected to the outdoor unit low pressure gas pipe 34a and has the outflow side thereof connected to the sucking side of the compressor 21a by the refrigerant pipe 36a. The accumulator 25a separates the inflowing refrigerant into a gas refrigerant and a fluid refrigerant, and allows only the gas refrigerant to be sucked into the compressor 21a.
In addition to the above-described structure, various sensors are provided in the outdoor unit 2a. As shown in
On the refrigerant pipe 37a, a refrigerant temperature sensor 56a is provided that detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchanger 23a or flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 23a. In the outdoor heat exchanger 23a, an outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 57a as the outdoor heat exchanger temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 23a is provided. In the vicinity of a non-illustrated outside air inlet of the outdoor unit 2a, an outside air temperature sensor 58a is provided that detects the temperature of the outside air flowing into the outdoor unit 2a, that is, the outside air temperature.
The outdoor unit 2a is provided with a controller 100a. The controller 100a is mounted on a control board accommodated in a non-illustrated electric component box of the outdoor unit 2a, and is provided with a CPU 110a, a memory 120a and a communication unit 130a. The CPU 110a acquires the detection signals from the above-described sensors of the outdoor unit 2a, and acquires the control signals transmitted from the indoor units 8a to 8d through the communication unit 130a. The CPU 110a performs various control operations related to the operations of the outdoor unit 2a such as the rotation control of the compressor 21a and the outdoor fan 24a, the switching control of the four-way valve 22a and the opening control of the outdoor expansion valve 43a based on the acquired detection signals and control signals.
The memory 120a is formed of a ROM or a RAM, and stores the control programs of the outdoor unit 2a and the detection values corresponding to the detection signals from the sensors. The communication unit 130a is an interface mediating communication between the outdoor unit 2a and the indoor units 8a to 8d.
While the structure of the outdoor unit 2a has been described, the structure of the outdoor unit 2b is the same as that of the outdoor unit 2a, and the components denoted by reference designations where the letters following the numbers denoting the components (devices and members) of the outdoor unit 2a are changed from a to b are the components of the outdoor unit 2b corresponding to the components of the outdoor unit 2a. For the ports of the four-way valves and the connection points of the refrigerant pipes, reference designations are different between the indoor unit 2a and the indoor unit 2b. The ports of a four-way valve 22b of the outdoor unit 2b corresponding to the ports a, b, c and d of the four-way valve 22a of the outdoor unit 2a are ports e, f, g and h, respectively. The connection points in the outdoor unit 2b corresponding to the connection points A, B, C and D in the outdoor unit 2a are connection points E, F, G and H, respectively.
Next, the structures of the four indoor units 8a to 8d will be described by using FIG. 1. Since the structures of the indoor units 8a to 8d are all the same, in the description given below, only the structure of the indoor unit 8a will be described, and descriptions of the other indoor units 8b to 8d are omitted.
The indoor unit 8a is provided with an indoor heat exchanger 81a, an indoor expansion valve 82a, an indoor fan 83a and refrigerant pipes 87a and 88a. The indoor heat exchanger 81a has one end thereof connected to one port of the indoor expansion valve 82a by a refrigerant pipe, and has the other end thereof connected to the later-described switching unit 6a by the refrigerant pipe 88a. The indoor heat exchanger 81a functions as an evaporator when the indoor unit 8a performs the cooling operation, and functions as a condenser when the indoor unit 8a performs the heating operation.
The indoor expansion valve 82a has one port thereof connected to the indoor heat exchanger 81a by a refrigerant pipe as described above, and has the other port thereof connected to the fluid pipe 32 by the refrigerant pipe 87a. The indoor expansion valve 82a has the opening thereof adjusted according to the required cooling ability when it functions as an evaporator, and has the opening thereof adjusted according to the required heating ability when it functions as a condenser.
The indoor fan 83a is a cross flow fan made of a resin material, and is rotated by a non-illustrated fan motor to thereby take indoor air into the indoor unit 8a. After heat exchange between the refrigerant and the indoor air is performed at the indoor heat exchanger 81a, the heat-exchanged air is supplied into the room.
In addition to the above-described structure, the indoor unit 8a is provided with various sensors. On the refrigerant pipe on the indoor expansion valve 82a side of the indoor heat exchanger 81a, a refrigerant temperature sensor 84a is provided that detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 81a or flowing out from the indoor heat exchanger 81a. On the refrigerant pipe 88a, a refrigerant temperature sensor 85a is provided that detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 81a or flowing out from the indoor heat exchanger 81a. In the vicinity of a non-illustrated indoor air inlet of the indoor unit 8a, a room temperature sensor 86a is provided that detects the temperature of the indoor air flowing into the indoor unit 8a, that is, the room temperature.
Although not shown, the indoor units 8a to 8d each have a controller. The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d acquire the detection signals from the sensors of the indoor units 8a to 8d, and acquire an operation instruction signal set by the user with a non-illustrated remote controller of the air conditioning apparatus 1. The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d perform operation control of the indoor units 8a to 8d based on the acquired detection signals and operation instruction signal, and transmit signals containing the operation abilities required by the indoor units 8a to 8d to the outdoor units 2a and 2b. Moreover, the controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d open and close later-described discharge valves 61a to 61d and inlet valves 62a to 62d of the corresponding switching units 6a to 6d according to the operation mode (the cooling operation/the heating operation) information contained in the operation instruction signal.
While the structure of the indoor unit 8a has been described, the structures of the indoor units 8b to 8d are the same as that of the indoor unit 8a, and the components denoted by reference designations where the letters following the numbers denoting the components (devices and members) of the indoor unit 8a are changed from a to b, c and d are the components of the indoor units 8b to 8d corresponding to the components of the indoor unit 8a.
Next, the structures of the four switching units 6a to 6d will be described by using
The switching unit 6a is provided with the discharge valve 61a, the inlet valve 62a, a first flow dividing pipe 91a and a second flow dividing pipe 92a. One end of the first flow dividing pipe 91a is connected to the high pressure gas pipe 30, and one end of the second flow dividing pipe 92a is connected to the low pressure gas pipe 31. The other end of the first flow dividing pipe 91a and the other end of the second flow dividing pipe 92a are connected to the refrigerant pipe 88a at a connection point Ta.
The first flow dividing pipe 91a incorporates the discharge valve 61a, and the second flow dividing pipe 92a incorporates the inlet valve 62a. When the discharge valve 61a is opened and the inlet valve 62a is closed, the indoor heat exchanger 81a of the indoor unit 8a corresponding to the switching unit 6a is connected to the discharge side (the side of the high pressure gas pipe 30) of the compressor 21a through the refrigerant pipe 88a, so that the indoor heat exchanger 81a functions as a condenser. When the inlet valve 62a is opened and the discharge valve 61a is closed, the indoor heat exchanger 81a of the indoor unit 8a corresponding to the switching unit 6a is connected to the sucking side (the side of the low pressure gas pipe 31) of the compressor 21a through the refrigerant pipe 88a, so that the indoor heat exchanger 81a functions as an evaporator.
While the switching unit 6a has been described, the structures of the switching units 6b to 6d are the same as that of the switching unit 6a, and the components denoted by reference designations where the letters following the numbers denoting the components (devices and members) of the switching unit 6a are changed from a to b, c and d are the components of the switching units 6b to 6d corresponding to the components of the switching unit 6a.
Next, the connection condition of the above-described outdoor units 2a and 2b, indoor units 8a to 8d, switching units 6a to 6d, high pressure gas pipe 30, split high pressure gas pipes 30a and 30b, low pressure gas pipe 31, split low pressure gas pipes 31a and 31b, fluid pipe 32, split fluid pipes 32a and 32b and splitters 70, 71 and 72 will be described by using
To the closing valves 41a and 41b of the outdoor units 2a and 2b, one ends of the split low pressure gas pipes 31a and 31b are connected, respectively, and the other ends of the split low pressure gas pipes 31a and 31b are both connected to the splitter 71. To the splitter 71, one end of the low pressure gas pipe 31 is connected, and the other end of the low pressure gas pipe 31 branches off to be connected to the second flow dividing pipes 92a to 92d of the switching units 6a to 6d.
To the closing valves 42a and 42b of the outdoor units 2a and 2b, one ends of the split fluid pipes 32a and 32b are connected, respectively, and the other ends of the split fluid pipes 32a and 32b are both connected to the splitter 72. To the splitter 72, one end of the fluid pipe 32 is connected, and the other end of the fluid pipe 32 branches off to be connected to the refrigerant pipes 87a to 87d of the indoor units 8a to 8d.
To the indoor heat exchangers 81a to 81d of the indoor units 8a to 8d, one ends of the refrigerant pipes 88a to 88d are connected, and the other ends of the refrigerant pipes 88a to 88d are connected to the first flow dividing pipes 91a to 91d and the second flow dividing pipes 92a to 92d of the switching units 6a to 6d corresponding to the indoor units 8a to 8d at the connection points Ta to Td.
The above-described connections constitute the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning apparatus 1, and a refrigeration cycle is established by flowing the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit.
Next, the operation of the air conditioning apparatus 1 in the present embodiment will be described by using
When of the four indoor units 8a to 8d, the two indoor units 8a and 8b perform the heating operation and the other indoor units 8c and 8d perform the cooling operation as shown in
Specifically, the CPU 110a of the outdoor unit 2a switches the four-way valve 22a so that the port a and the port d communicate and that the port b and the port c communicate (the condition shown by the solid line in
The controllers of the indoor units 8a and 8b performing the heating operation open the discharge valves 61a and 61b of the corresponding switching units 6a and 6b so that the refrigerant flows through the first flow dividing pipes 91a and 91b, and close the inlet valves 62a and 62b to prevent the refrigerant from flowing through the second flow dividing pipes 92a and 92b. Consequently, the indoor heat exchangers 81a and 81b of the indoor units 8a and 8b function as condensers.
On the other hand, the controllers of the indoor units 8c and 8b performing the cooling operation close the discharge valves 61c and 61d of the corresponding switching units 6c and 6d to prevent the refrigerant from flowing through the first flow dividing pipes 91c and 91d, and open the inlet valves 62c and 62d so that the refrigerant flows through the second flow dividing pipes 92c and 92d. Consequently, the indoor heat exchangers 81c and 81d of the indoor units 8c and 8d function as evaporators.
The high pressure refrigerants discharged from the compressors 21a and 21b flow through the outdoor unit high pressure gas pipes 33a and 33b, and flow into the split high pressure gas pipes 30a and 30b by way of the closing valves 40a and 40b. The refrigerants flowing into the split high pressure gas pipes 30a and 30b join together at the splitter 70, flow into the high pressure gas pipe 30, and is split to flow into the switching units 6a and 6b from the high pressure gas pipe 30. The refrigerants having flown into the switching units 6a and 6b flow through the first flow dividing pipes 91a and 91b incorporating the discharge valves 61a and 61b which are opened, flow out from the switching units 6a and 6b by way of the connection points Ta and Tb, and flow through the refrigerant pipes 88a and 88b to flow into the indoor units 8a and 8b.
The refrigerants having flown into the indoor units 8a and 8b flow into the indoor heat exchangers 81a and 81b, and undergo heat exchange with indoor air to be condensed. Thereby, the rooms where the indoor units 8a and 8b are placed are heated. The refrigerants having flown out from the indoor heat exchangers 81a and 81b pass through the indoor expansion valves 82a and 82b incorporated in the refrigerant pipes 87a and 87b to be decompressed into intermediate pressure refrigerants. The controllers of the indoor units 8a and 8b obtain the refrigerant supercooling degree at the indoor heat exchangers 81a and 81b as condensers from the refrigerant temperatures acquired from the refrigerant temperature sensors 84a and 84b and the high pressure saturation temperatures (calculated from the discharge pressures acquired from the high pressure sensors 50a and 50b by the CPUs 110a and 110b) received from the outdoor units 2a and 2b, and according to this, determine the openings of the indoor expansion valves 82a and 82b.
The refrigerants having passed through the indoor expansion valves 82a and 82b, flown through the refrigerant pipes 87a and 87b and flown out from the indoor units 8a and 8b flow into the fluid pipe 32. The refrigerant having flown into the fluid pipe 32 partly flows into the splitter 72, and the remainder flows through the fluid pipe 32 to flow into the indoor units 8c and 8d. The refrigerant having flown into the splitter 72 is split to flow into the split fluid pipes 32a and 32b, and flows into the outdoor units 2a and 2b by way of the closing valves 42a and 42b.
The refrigerants having flown into the outdoor units 2a and 2b are decompressed into low pressure refrigerants when passing through the outdoor expansion valves 43a and 43b, flow into the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b, and undergo heat exchange with outdoor air to be evaporated. The refrigerants having flown out from the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b pass through the four-way valves 22a and 22b to flow into the refrigerant pipes 38a and 38b, and flow into the outdoor unit low pressure gas pipes 34a and 34b from the connection points B and F. The refrigerants having flown into the outdoor unit low pressure gas pipes 34a and 34b flow through the refrigerant pipes 36a and 36b by way of the accumulators 25a and 25b, and are sucked into the compressors 21a and 21b to be compressed again.
On the other hand, the intermediate pressure refrigerants having flown out from the indoor units 8a and 8b, flown through the fluid pipe 32 and flown into the indoor units 8c and 8d pass through the indoor expansion valves 82c and 82d incorporated in the refrigerant pipes 87c and 87d to be decompressed into low pressure refrigerants, and flow into the indoor heat exchangers 81c and 81d. The refrigerants having flown into the indoor heat exchangers 81c and 81d undergo heat exchange with indoor air to be evaporated. Thereby, the rooms where the indoor units 8c and 8d are placed are cooled. The controllers of the indoor units 8c and 8d obtain the refrigerant superheating degree at the indoor heat exchangers 81c and 81d as evaporators from the refrigerant temperatures detected by the refrigerant temperature sensors 84c and 84d and the refrigerant temperatures detected by the refrigerant temperature sensors 85c and 85d, and according to this, determine the openings of the indoor expansion valves 82c and 82d.
The refrigerants having flown out from the indoor heat exchangers 81c and 81d flow through the refrigerant pipes 88c and 88d to flow into the switching units 6c and 6d, and by way of the connection points Tc and Td, flow through the second flow dividing pipes 92c and 92d incorporating the inlet valves 62c and 62d which are opened. Then, the refrigerants flow out from the switching units 6c and 6d to flow into the low pressure gas pipe 31.
The refrigerant having flown into the low pressure gas pipe 31 flows into the splitter 71, and is split to flow from the splitter 71 into the split low pressure gas pipes 31a and 31b. The refrigerants having flown through the split low pressure gas pipes 31a and 31b and flown into the outdoor units 2a and 2b flow from the outdoor unit low pressure gas pipes 34a and 34b through the refrigerant pipes 36a and 36b by way of the connection points B and F and the accumulators 25a and 25b, and are sucked into the compressors 21a and 21b to be compressed again.
Next, control when the reverse defrosting operation and the reverse oil recovery operation in the air conditioning apparatus 1 of the present invention are performed will be described by using
In the description given above, the flow of the processing will be described with the following case as an example: When the air conditioning apparatus 1 is performing the heating dominant operation with the refrigerant circuit shown in
In addition to the above-described heating, heating dominant, cooling and cooling dominant operations, the air conditioning apparatus 1 is capable of performing the reverse defrosting operation performed to remove frost forming on the outdoor heat exchangers 23a and 23b and the reverse oil recovery operation performed to recover into the compressors 21a and 21b the refrigerant oil discharged from the compressors 21a and 21b together with the refrigerant.
When the air conditioning apparatus 1 is performing the heating dominant operation, the CPU 110a determines whether or not the defrosting operation start condition is satisfied in the outdoor unit 2a or the outdoor unit 2b (ST1). The CPU 110a determines whether or not the defrosting operation start condition is satisfied in the outdoor unit 2a or the outdoor unit 2b (ST2). The CPU 110a periodically acquires the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 23a detected by the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 57a and stores it in the memory 120a, and periodically acquires through the communication unit 130a the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 23b acquired from the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 57b by the CPU 110b and stores it in the memory 120a. The defrosting operation start condition is whether or not the time for which the temperature of either the outdoor heat exchanger 23a or the outdoor heat exchanger 23b is equal to or lower than 0 degrees C. is equal to or longer than a predetermined time, for example, equal to or longer than 10 minutes. The predetermined time is previously obtained through a test or the like and determined, and is a time in which frost formation is considered to occur on the outdoor heat exchanger 23a and the outdoor heat exchanger 23b.
At ST1, when the defrosting operation start condition is not satisfied (ST1-No), the CPU 110a determines whether or not the oil recovery operation start condition is satisfied in the outdoor unit 2a or the outdoor unit 2b (ST9). The CPU 110a totalizes the operating time of the compressor 21a of the outdoor unit 2a and stores it in the memory 120a, and periodically acquires through the communication unit 130a the operating time of the compressor 21b of the outdoor unit 2b totalized by the CPU 110b and stores it in the memory 120a. The oil recovery operation start condition is whether or not the total operating time of either the compressor 21a or the compressor 21b exceeds a predetermined time, for example, three hours. The total operating time is either the total operating time from the start of the compressor or the total operating time of the compressor from when the total operating time is reset. The predetermined time of the total operating time is previously obtained through a test or the like and determined, and by executing the reverse oil recovery operation every predetermined time, the refrigerant oil is never decreased to the amount that can hinder the operations of the compressors 21a and 21b and the operations of the compressors 21a and 21b can be continued without a problem.
When the oil recovery operation start condition is not satisfied in the outdoor unit 2a or the outdoor unit 2b (ST9-No), the CPU 110a continues the currently performed heating dominant operation (ST13), and returns the process to ST1. When the oil recovery operation start condition is satisfied in the outdoor unit 2a or the outdoor unit 2b (ST9-Yes), the CPU 110a starts oil recovery operation preparation processing (ST10). Specifically, the CPU 110a stops the compressor 21a, and as shown in
On the other hand, the CPU 110a transmits an oil recovery operation preparation processing signal to the outdoor unit 2b and the indoor units 8a to 8d through the communication unit 130a. The CPU 110b having received the oil recovery operation preparation processing signal through the communication unit 130b stops the compressor 21b, and as shown in
The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d having received the oil recovery operation preparation processing signal from the outdoor unit 2a fully close the indoor expansion valves 82a to 82d to equalize the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the refrigerant circuit, and stop the indoor fans 83a to 83d. Moreover, the controllers of the indoor units 8a and 8b performing the heating operation close the discharge valves 61a and 61b of the corresponding switching units 6a and 6b to prevent the refrigerant from flowing through the first flow dividing pipes 91a and 91b, and open the inlet valves 62a and 62b so that the refrigerant flows through the second flow dividing pipes 92a and 92b in order that the indoor heat exchangers 81a and 81b of the indoor units 8a and 8b function as evaporators. On the other hand, for the indoor units 8c and 8d performing the cooling operation, since the indoor heat exchangers 81c and 81d are in a state of functioning as evaporators, the condition of the switching units 6c and 6d is not changed.
The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d having performed the above-described processing waits for an instruction from the outdoor unit 2a.
The CPU 110a having finished the processing of ST10 starts the reverse oil recovery operation (ST11). Specifically, the CPU 110a starts the compressor 21a and the outdoor fan 24a with a predetermined number of rotations. Moreover, the CPU 110a transmits a reverse oil recovery operation start signal to the outdoor unit 2b and the indoor units 8a to 8d through the communication unit 130a. The CPU 110b having received the reverse oil recovery operation start signal through the communication unit 130b starts the compressor 21b and the outdoor fan 24b with a predetermined number of rotations. The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d having received the reverse oil recovery operation start signal from the outdoor unit 2a set the openings of the indoor expansion valves 82a to 82d to a predetermined one.
The CPU 110a having started the reverse oil recovery operation at ST11 determines whether an oil recovery operation end condition is satisfied or not (ST12). When the reverse oil recovery operation is being performed, the CPU 110a periodically acquires the sucking pressure detected by the low pressure sensor 51a and the sucking temperature detected by the sucking temperature sensor 54a, and calculates the sucking superheating degree of the compressor 21a by subtracting the low pressure saturation temperature calculated from the sucking pressure, from the sucking temperature. Moreover, in the outdoor unit 2b, the CPU 110b calculates the sucking superheating degree of the compressor 21b similarly to the above, and periodically transmits the calculated sucking superheating degree to the outdoor unit 2a through the communication unit 130b. The oil recovery operation end condition is whether or not the sucking superheating degrees of the compressor 21a and the compressor 21b are both equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, for example, equal to or lower than 0 degrees C. The predetermined temperature of the sucking superheating degree is previously obtained through a test or the like and determined, and is a temperature at which the refrigerant oil remaining in the refrigerant circuit is considered to be sucked into the compressors 21a and 21b together with the wet refrigerant.
The low pressure sensors 51a and 51b and the sucking temperature sensors 54a and 54b constitute the sucking superheating degree detecting means of the present invention.
At ST12, when the oil recovery operation end condition is not satisfied (ST12-No), the CPU 110a returns the process to ST11 to continue the reverse oil recovery operation. When the oil recovery operation end condition is satisfied (ST12-Yes), the CPU 110a advances the process to ST6.
At ST1, when the defrosting operation start condition is satisfied (ST1-Yes), the CPU 110a starts the defrosting operation preparation processing (ST2). Specifically, the CPU 110a stops the compressor 21a and the outdoor fan 24a, and as shown in
On the other hand, the CPU 110a transmits a defrosting operation preparation processing signal to the outdoor unit 2b and the indoor units 8a to 8d through the communication unit 130a. The CPU 110b having received the defrosting operation preparation processing signal through the communication unit 130b stops the compressor 21b and the outdoor fan 24b, and as shown in
The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d having received the defrosting operation preparation processing signal from the outdoor unit 2a fully close the indoor expansion valves 82a to 82d and stop the indoor fans 83a to 83d. The controllers of the indoor units 8a and 8b performing the heating operation close the discharge valves 61a and 61b of the corresponding switching units 6a and 6b to prevent the refrigerant from flowing through the first flow dividing pipes 91a and 91b, and open the inlet valves 62a and 62b so that the refrigerant flows through the second flow dividing pipes 92a and 92b in order that the indoor heat exchangers 81a and 81b of the indoor units 8a and 8b function as evaporators. On the other hand, for the indoor units 8c and 8d performing the cooling operation, since the indoor heat exchangers 81c and 81d are in a state of functioning as evaporators, the condition of the switching units 6c and 6d is not changed.
The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d having performed the above-described processing waits for an instruction from the outdoor unit 2a.
The CPU 110a having finished the processing of ST2 starts the reverse defrosting operation (ST3). Specifically, the CPU 110a starts the compressor 21a with a predetermined number of rotations. Moreover, the CPU 110a transmits a reverse defrosting operation start signal to the outdoor unit 2b and the indoor units 8a to 8d through the communication unit 130a. The CPU 110b having received the reverse defrosting operation start signal through the communication unit 130b starts the compressor 21b with a predetermined number of rotations. The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d having received the reverse defrosting operation start signal from the outdoor unit 2a set the openings of the indoor expansion valves 82a to 82d to a predetermined one.
The CPU 110a having started the reverse defrosting operation at ST3 determines whether a defrosting operation end condition is satisfied or not (ST4). When the reverse defrosting operation is being performed, the CPU 110a periodically acquires the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 23a detected by the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 57a and stores it in the memory 120a, and periodically acquires through the communication unit 130a the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 23b acquired from the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 57b by the CPU 110b and stores it in the memory 120a. The defrosting operation end condition is whether or not the temperatures of the outdoor heat exchanger 23a and the outdoor heat exchanger 23b are both equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, for example, equal to or higher than 5 degrees C. The predetermined temperature is previously obtained through a test or the like and determined, and is a temperature at which the frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger 23a and the outdoor heat exchanger 23b is considered to thaw.
At ST4, when the defrosting operation condition is not satisfied (ST4-No), the CPU 110a returns the process to ST3 to continue the reverse defrosting operation. When the defrosting operation condition is satisfied (ST4-Yes), the CPU 110a determines whether the oil recovery operation end condition is satisfied or not (ST5). When the oil recovery operation end condition is not satisfied (ST5-No), the CPU 110a returns the process to ST3 to continue the reverse defrosting operation. When the oil recovery operation end condition is satisfied (ST5-Yes), the CPU 110a resets the total operating time of the compressor 21a, and instructs the outdoor unit 2b to reset the total operating time of the compressor 21b (ST6).
As described above, when the air conditioning apparatus 1 starts the reverse defrosting operation, the reverse defrosting operation is continued until the defrosting operation end condition and the oil recovery operation end condition are both satisfied. As described above, since the operating state of the refrigerant circuit is the same between when the reverse defrosting operation is performed and when the reverse oil recovery operation is performed except for the operations of the outdoor fans 24a and 24b, a wet refrigerant flows in the refrigerant circuit also when the reverse defrosting operation is being performed, so that the refrigerant oil remaining in the refrigerant circuit can be recovered into the compressors 21a and 21b. Consequently, by continuing the reverse defrosting operation until the oil recovery operation end condition is satisfied, the recovery of the refrigerant oil into the compressors 21a and 21b can be performed.
Since the total operating times of the compressors 21a and 21b are reset when the reverse defrosting operation is ended, it never occurs that a shift is made to the reverse oil recovery operation immediately after the reverse defrosting operation is ended and the heating dominant operation is resumed. Consequently, the reverse defrosting operation and the reverse oil recovery operation can be prevented from being frequently performed, so that the heating dominant operation can be prevented from being frequently interrupted.
The CPU 110a having reset the total operating times of the compressors 21a and 21b at ST6 starts operation resumption processing (ST7). Specifically, the CPU 110a stops the compressor 21a, and as shown in
On the other hand, the CPU 110a transmits an operation resumption processing signal to the outdoor unit 2b and the indoor units 8a to 8d through the communication unit 130a. The CPU 110b having received the operation resumption processing signal through the communication unit 130b stops the compressor 21b, and as shown in
The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d having received the operation resumption processing signal from the outdoor unit 2a start the processing for them to return to the operation mode interrupted by the reverse defrosting operation or the reverse oil recovery operation. The controllers of the indoor units 8a and 8b that were performing the heating operation before the interruption fully close the indoor expansion valves 82a and 82d, and stop the indoor fans 83a and 83b. Moreover, the controllers of the indoor units 8a and 8b open the discharge valves 61a and 61b of the corresponding switching units 6a and 6b so that the refrigerant flows through the first flow dividing pipes 91a and 91b, and close the inlet valves 62a and 62b to prevent the refrigerant from flowing through the second flow dividing pipes 92a and 92b in order that the indoor heat exchangers 81a and 81b of the indoor units 8a and 8b function as condensers. Then, the controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d wait for an instruction from the outdoor unit 2a.
On the other hand, the controllers of the indoor units 8c and 8d that were performing the cooling operation before the interruption fully close the indoor expansion valves 82c and 82d, and waits for an instruction from the outdoor unit 2a. Although it is necessary for the indoor units 8c and 8d to cause the indoor heat exchangers 81c and 81d to function as evaporators at the time of the cooling operation, since the indoor heat exchangers 81c and 81d functioned as evaporators when the reverse defrosting operation or the reverse oil recovery operation was performed, it is unnecessary to change the condition of the switching units 6c and 6d.
The CPU 110a having finished the processing of ST7 resumes the heating dominant operation (ST8). Specifically, the CPU 110a starts the compressor 21a and the outdoor fan 24a with the number of rotations corresponding to the operating ability required by the indoor units 8a to 8d. Moreover, the CPU 110a transmits an operation resumption signal to the outdoor unit 2b and the indoor units 8a to 8d through the communication unit 130a. The CPU 110b having received the operation resumption signal through the communication unit 130b starts the compressor 21b and the outdoor fan 24b with the number of rotations corresponding to the operating ability required by the indoor units 8a to 8d. The controllers of the indoor units 8a to 8d having received the operation resumption signal from the outdoor unit 2a set the openings of the indoor expansion valves 82a to 82d to one corresponding to the operating ability required by the indoor units. Then, the CPU 110a having finished the processing of ST8 returns the process to ST1.
As described above, in the air conditioning apparatus of the present invention, since the state of the refrigerant circuit when the reverse defrosting operation is performed and the state of the refrigerant circuit when the reverse oil recovery operation is performed are the same, even if the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature when the reverse defrosting operation is being performed, by continuing the reverse defrosting operation until the condition where it is considered that the refrigerant oil can be recovered is satisfied, that is, until the sucking superheating degree of the compressor becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the refrigerant oil can also be recovered. Moreover, since the total time as the reverse oil recovery operation start condition is reset when the reverse defrosting operation is ended, the condition where the defrosting operation start condition and the oil recovery operation start condition are intermittently satisfied can be prevented from frequency occurring to frequently interrupt the heating operation, so that user comfort is not impaired.
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