Patent Application
20130189919
The present application claims priority to German Patent Application 10 2012 001 138.5 filed Jan. 22, 2012. The full disclosure of this earlier application is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an air supply system for the medical sector and to a method for operating such a system.
2. Description of Related Art
In many countries multiply redundant systems are required for producing air which is used for clinical medical applications. In Germany, for example, triple redundancy is required. Triple redundancy means that the capacity of the compressed air generation device is three times the capacity for which the air supply system is designed in the medical application.
In known air supply systems of the above-mentioned type, the capacity of the compressed air generation device remains largely unused. This means that air generation is associated with comparatively high costs.
An object of the present invention is to provide an air supply system of the above-mentioned type and a method for the operation thereof with which more inexpensive operation is possible.
Said object may be achieved with regard to the air supply system in that an air supply system for the medical sector is provided which comprises
The invention thus makes use of the compressed air generation device's redundant capacity at those times when it is not required in order to supply another consumer with compressed air. The latter compressed air is, however, of lower priority than the air used for medical purposes such that restricting or even cutting off flow has no serious disadvantages for the consumer, i.e. restricting or even cutting off flow is thus acceptable if the corresponding capacity of the redundant compressed air generation device is required for medical purposes, for example due to a fault. To state an example, in the event of a nominal requirement for air used for medical purposes of 500 litres per minute, it was previously necessary according to the prior art to provide a compressed air generation device with a capacity of 1500 litres per minute, meaning that the redundant capacity of 1000 litres per minute remained unused. According to the invention, however, the 1000 litres per minute of capacity which are not normally required for the medical application may now be used for the lower priority consumer until all or some of these 1000 litres are required for the medical application. Overall, this makes generating compressed air very much more inexpensive.
In one advantageous embodiment of the air supply system, the lower priority air is supplied to a dental consumer. Hospital or similar facilities often have medical and dental consumers in relatively close proximity to one another. Dental consumers are typical of such lower priority consumers, in which reducing or even cutting off the compressed air supply may, if necessary, be accepted.
The pressure-sensitive monitoring and controlling device conveniently comprises at least one pressure switch in the line system which conveys the air intended for medical purposes, and a controllable restrictor directly or indirectly actuatable by said pressure switch in the line system which conveys the lower priority air. “Direct” actuation would in particular be actuation which operates purely mechanically between the pressure switch and the restrictor. Indirect actuation would operate with electrical signals by means of an appropriate control device.
It is particularly advantageous if the monitoring and controlling device sensitive to pressure or volumetric flow rate completely shuts off flow of air in the line system which conveys the lower priority air when the pressure or volumetric flow rate drops to a second specific value which is lower than the first value. In this development, air supply to the lower priority consumer is influenced in two steps: the air supply is firstly just restricted and only completely shut off if restriction is not sufficient.
It is advisable for the monitoring and controlling device sensitive to pressure or volumetric flow rate to generate a warning signal when the pressure or volumetric flow rate drops below the first and/or second value. This warning signal may, on the one hand, be electronically processed and stored in order to document operation of the air supply system and permit fault analysis. On the other hand, the warning signal in the form of an acoustic and/or optical signal may indicate to operating personnel that a fault has occurred, so that said fault may be remedied.
For safety reasons, an advantageous embodiment of the invention is one in which at least two series-connected restriction and/or shut-off valves are located in the line system which conveys the lower priority air. If one of these valves fails, functionality of the air supply system is nevertheless maintained.
With regard to the method, the above-stated invention may be achieved by a method comprising the following steps:
The advantages of the method according to the invention correspond mutatis mutandis to the above-stated advantages of the air supply system according to the invention. The preferred developments of the method according to additional further embodiments of the present invention which also have their analogue in corresponding exemplary embodiments of the air supply system which have already been discussed above.
One variant of the method according to the invention which merits particular mention is distinguished in that restriction and shutting off of flow in the line system which conveys the lower priority air is not ceased until the pressure or volumetric flow rate in the line system which conveys the air intended for medical purposes has risen above the first value and manual approval has been provided. Manual approval ensures that the air supply system only returns to normal operation once it has been ensured that the fault has been recognised by operating personnel and suitable action has been initiated.
It is to be understood that the aspects and objects of the present invention described above may be combinable and that other advantages and aspects of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following description of the drawing and detailed description of the invention.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in greater detail below with reference to the attached drawing in which
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawing and will herein be described in detail one or more embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments illustrated.
Reference throughout this description to features, advantages, objects or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present invention should be or are in any single embodiment of the invention. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, any discussion of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout this specification may, but does not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.
In one embodiment, the air supply system, denoted overall with reference numeral 1, comprises three branches, namely an inlet branch 2, a branch 3 for providing compressed air for medical purposes, hereinafter “medical branch” for short, and a branch 4 which generates compressed air for a dental consumer, hereinafter “dental branch” for short. The dental branch 4 here serves as an example of a branch in which compressed air is provided for purposes which are of a lower priority than the medical purposes and may thus in an emergency be supplied with compressed air with subordinate priority.
The inlet branch 2 comprises those components which are conventional for compressed air supply systems, namely a compressor unit 5, which draws air in from the atmosphere via a line 6 and compresses it, for example, to 12 bar, and a first air treatment unit 7, to which the compressed air from the compressor unit 5 is supplied via a line 8. The compressor unit 5 may contain a plurality of compressors connected in parallel which can be switched on as a function of the requirement for compressed air. The first treatment unit 7 comprises a filter and a water separator and optionally a pressure accumulator. In the terminology of the claims, the inlet branch 3 constitutes a compressed air generation device.
The air conditioned in this manner is supplied by the first treatment unit 7 to the medical branch 3 via a line 9. It passes here firstly into a second treatment unit 10, in which the air is for example doubly redundantly dried and has dust, dirt, other particles and aerosols removed from it with filters of various pore sizes. The compressed air which has in this way been made suitable for medical purposes passes via a further line 11 into a measurement device 12 in which various air parameters, in particular system pressure, dew point and optionally the concentrations of specific gases, are measured. Details in this respect are not of relevance in the present connection.
The compressed air is supplied from the measurement device 12 via a bifurcating line 13 to two pressure-reducing valves 14, 15. The pressure-reducing valves 14, 15 reduce the system pressure to two values, as are generally required in hospitals or similar facilities: pressure-reducing valve 14 delivers compressed air with a relatively high pressure of for example 8 bar to the line 16, while pressure-reducing valve 15 delivers compressed air with a relatively low pressure, for example 6 bar, to the line 17. These units are preferably of doubly redundant construction.
The compressed air leaving the first treatment unit 7 is supplied not only via the line 9 to the medical branch 3 but also via a line 18 branched therefrom to the dental branch 4. Branching at this point upstream of the second treatment device 10 ensures that the air supplied for medical purposes does not suffer microbial contamination.
The dental branch 4 substantially comprises a pressure accumulator 19, from which a line 20 passes to the dental consumer via three motor-actuated, for example magnetically or compressed air-actuated, valves 21, 22, 23. Valve 21 is a restriction valve, while valves 22 and 23 are shut-off valves. The values used for this purpose are preferably 2/2 way NC valves which are closed when in the idle state. The function of these valves 21, 22, 23 will become clear further below.
The system pressure, namely the pressure which prevails downstream from the first treatment unit (7), is monitored by three pressure switches 24, 25, 26. The various pressure switches 24, 25, 26 respond at different pressure values: pressure switch 24 responds at 10 bar, while pressure switches 25 and 26 both respond at approx. 9.5 bar. It would also be conceivable for pressure switch 26 to have a response pressure which is somewhat lower than that of pressure switch 25.
Pressure switches 24, 25, 26 are functionally connected to the valves 21, 22, 23 via a control device 27. The output signals from pressure switches 24, 25, 26 which are generated when the pressure at the respective pressure switches 24, 25, 26 drops below the response pressure are supplied via electrical lines 28, 29, 30 to the control device 27. In turn, the latter actuates valves 21, 22, 23 via electrical lines 31, 32, 33 in the manner described further below. In addition, the control device 27 may also trigger an alarm device 35 via a line 34. Finally, a manual confirmation device 36 is provided which is capable of transmitting a signal to the control device 27 via an electrical line 37.
The control device 27 is now programmed such that the pressure switches 24, 25, 26, the valves 21, 22, 23, the alarm device 35 and the manual confirmation device 36 interact as follows in various operating states of the compressed air supply system 1:
The starting point for consideration may be an operating state in which the system pressure in lines 9 and 18 is above the response pressure of pressure switch 24, for example at 12 bar. This means that sufficient compressed air, which may be delivered via lines 16, 17, is available for medical purposes. Valves 21, 22, 23 are open and permit unhindered passage of air to the dental consumer, which has a maximum air consumption of less than ⅔ of the generation capacity.
If the system pressure 9 now drops due to increasing quantities of compressed air being drawn off, whether via the medical branch 3 or the dental branch 4, said pressure drop is firstly identified in the measurement device 12. Providing the system pressure remains above the response pressure of the first pressure switch 24, namely in the case of the numerical values stated above by way of example of between 11 and 12 bar, system pressure is firstly restored by successively switching on all the compressors in the compressor unit 5.
In the example, the installation is dimensioned such that the medical branch 3 consumes approx. ⅓ and the dental branch 4 approx. ⅔ of the maximum possible generation capacity. If there are no faults in either of the two branches 3, 4, maximum possible consumption is less than the delivery capacity, such that the necessary system pressure may be maintained.
If, due to a fault in one of the consumer branches, withdrawal of compressed air rises further or if there is a fault in the generator unit and the consequent drop in system pressure can no longer be compensated in the compressor unit 5, the first pressure switch 24 responds at the pressure of 9.5 bar which has already been mentioned and transmits a signal to the control device 27. The latter in turn activates the restriction portion of the restricting first valve 21 via the electrical line 31, such that withdrawal of compressed air via the dental branch 4 is at first reduced. If the system pressure in line 9 builds back up during flow restriction, pressure switch 24 stops transmitting its signal to the control device 27; via the electrical line 31, the control device 27 effects displacement of the gate of the valve 21 and the passage portion of the valve 21, which does not restrict flow, is introduced into the line 20. This process involving the response of the pressure valve 24 and actuation of the first valve 21 may be documented by storing corresponding warning signals and may optionally be forwarded to a higher-level controller for further processing.
If the system pressure in the line 9 does not any longer build up to the required value even when withdrawal of dental air is restricted by appropriate switching of the valve 21, but instead continues to drop further below the response pressure of pressure switches 25, 26, namely in the present example below 9.5 bar, these pressure switches 25, 26 apply corresponding signals to the control device 27 via the electrical lines 29 and 30. Said control device, acting via the electrical lines 32 and 33, causes the valves 22, 23 to close. At this point, no further compressed air may be withdrawn for dental purposes. At the same time, the alarm device 35 is actuated, such that operating personnel are alerted to the fault.
For safety reasons, the valves 22, 23 are no longer opened automatically even when the system pressure in line 9 rises again and exceeds the response pressure of pressure switches 25, 26. Even when the response pressure of the first pressure switch 24, namely 10 bar, is reached and exceeded, the control device 27 no longer switches the valves 21, 22, 23 into the open position. Instead, this only occurs once an approval signal is supplied to the control device 27 by manual actuation of the manual confirmation device 36. The approval signal then causes valves 21, 22, 23 to open and so allows the compressed air supply device 1 to return to normal operation.
It is to be understood that additional embodiments of the present invention described herein may be contemplated by one of ordinary skill in the art and that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed. While specific embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, numerous modifications come to mind without significantly departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is only limited by the scope of the accompanying claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2012 001 138.5 | Jan 2012 | DE | national |
