Patent Grant
11325140
This application is a U.S. National Phase under 35 U.S.C. ยง 371 of International Application No. PCT/JP2017/028809, filed on Aug. 8, 2017 which claims the benefit of Japanese Application No. 2016-168357, filed on Aug. 30, 2016, the entire contents of both are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to an air turbine drive spindle applied to a precision processing machine, an electrostatic coating apparatus, or the like.
Conventionally, an air turbine drive spindle (which will be hereinafter also simply referred to a spindle) used for a precision processing machine or an electrostatic coating apparatus has been known. For example, WO2015/004966 (PTL 1) discloses a spindle for coating machine. The spindle for coating machine as disclosed in PTL 1 drives the rotary shaft not by an electric motor but by an air turbine. Specifically, compressed air is emitted from a turbine nozzle and blown toward a rotor blade provided on the back end side of the rotary shaft, thereby driving the rotary shaft so as to be rotated.
The turbine air emitted from the turbine nozzle and flowing past the rotor blade flows from a turbine air exhaust passage adjacent to the rotor blade through a gas exhaust space. Then, the turbine air is exhausted to outside through a gas exhaust hole. This gas exhaust hole is in communication with the gas exhaust hole on the coating machine side. Thus, the turbine air is discharged through a gas exhaust pipe connected to the gas exhaust hole on the coating machine side to the outside of the coating machine.
In this case, a pipeline resistance occurs in the gas exhaust pipe. Thus, part of the turbine air does not flow through the gas exhaust pipe, but flows through a through hole of the rotary shaft continuous to the gas exhaust space and then reaches the inside of the cup placed at the leading end portion of the rotary shaft. The pressure inside the gas exhaust space and the through hole at this time is higher than the atmospheric pressure. Also, this pressure rises as the flow rate of the turbine air increases.
The cup placed at the leading end portion of the rotary shaft serves to spread the coating material sprayed from the coating material spray nozzle disposed inside the through hole of the rotary shaft with centrifugal force such that the coating material is atomized. Then, when the turbine air reaches the inside of the cup as described above to raise the pressure inside the cup, this pressure pushes out the coating material, which causes a problem that the coating material cannot be uniformly atomized.
The above-mentioned PTL 1 discloses a configuration in which a gas exhaust hole is formed on the leading end portion side of the rotary shaft so as to extend from the inside of the through hole of the rotary shaft to the side surface on the outer circumferential of the rotary shaft in order to suppress the pressure increase inside the through hole of the rotary shaft as described above.
PTL 1: WO2015/004966
However, in the configuration in which a gas exhaust hole is formed on the leading end portion side of the rotary shaft as described above, the gas exhaust hole is located close to the cup at the leading end portion of the rotary shaft. Accordingly, for example, when the pressure inside the through hole greatly increases, uniform atomization of the coating material in the cup may be inhibited.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. An object of the present invention is to provide an air turbine drive spindle capable of suppressing an increase in pressure inside a through hole.
An air turbine drive spindle according to the present invention includes a rotary shaft and an outer circumferential member. The rotary shaft is provided with a through hole. The rotary shaft includes: a leading end portion; a base end portion located opposite to the leading end portion; and a plurality of rotor blades disposed at the base end portion along a rotation direction of the rotary shaft. The outer circumferential member includes a bearing sleeve configured to surround at least a portion of an outer circumferential surface of the rotary shaft. The outer circumferential member includes a gas supply portion and a first gas exhaust portion. The gas supply portion is configured to spray gas onto each of the plurality of rotor blades so as to rotate the rotary shaft. The first gas exhaust portion is configured to discharge the gas sprayed onto each of the plurality of rotor blades from a gas exhaust space facing each of the plurality of rotor blades to outside of the outer circumferential member. The gas exhaust space is continuous to the through hole. The air turbine drive spindle includes a second gas exhaust portion. The second gas exhaust portion is independent of the first gas exhaust portion, and is continuous to the outside from at least one of the gas exhaust space and a gas exhaust region. The gas exhaust region is included in an internal space of the through hole and located close to the gas exhaust space relative to an end portion of the bearing sleeve that is located close to the leading end portion.
According to the above description, it becomes possible to suppress an increase in pressure inside a through hole of a rotary shaft in an air turbine drive spindle.
The embodiments of the present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same or corresponding components are designated by the same reference characters, and description thereof will not be repeated.
<Configuration of Spindle>
Referring to
The spindle mainly includes: a rotary shaft 1; a journal bearing 7 configured to support rotary shaft 1 in the radial direction; a thrust bearing 8 configured to support rotary shaft 1 in the thrust direction; a housing assembly 2 configured to rotatably support rotary shaft 1 using journal bearing 7 and thrust bearing 8; a cover 5 located on the outer circumferential side of housing assembly 2; a back end side O ring 23 and a leading end side O ring 24 that are disposed between cover 5 and housing assembly 2; and a gas supply portion provided to be capable of spraying gas onto rotary shaft 1 (a driving gas supply passage 13 and a driving gas supply nozzle 14). A nozzle plate 6 is fixedly provided in cover 5 so as to cover rotary shaft 1 in the thrust direction. Nozzle plate 6 is provided with the above-mentioned gas supply portion. Each of journal bearing 7 and thrust bearing 8 is configured as a static pressure gas bearing, for example.
Rotary shaft 1 includes: a shaft portion 22a having a cylindrical shape; and a thrust plate portion 22b formed to extend in the radial direction relative to shaft portion 22a. Thrust plate portion 22b is connected to one end portion of shaft portion 22a in the axial direction. In the description below, the back side represents the side of the above-mentioned one end portion of shaft portion 22a on which the thrust plate portion is provided in the axial direction, whereas the front side represents the side of the other end portion of shaft portion 22a opposite to thrust plate portion 22b in the axial direction of shaft portion 22a.
Shaft portion 22a and thrust plate portion 22b each are provided with a through hole 17 extending in the thrust direction. When the spindle is configured to be used for an electrostatic coating apparatus, a cup 35 having a cup surface 36 formed in a conic shape is attached to the end portion of rotary shaft 1 on the front side, as shown in
Rotary shaft 1 is configured such that a part of shaft portion 22a is housed in housing assembly 2. Housing assembly 2 includes a bearing sleeve 4 formed to surround a part of shaft portion 22a and to face a part of the outer circumferential surface of shaft portion 22a of rotary shaft 1 and a part of the flat plane of thrust plate portion 22b on the front side. Furthermore, housing assembly 2 includes a housing 3 disposed on the outer circumferential side relative to bearing sleeve 4 in the radial direction and fixed to bearing sleeve 4.
In rotary shaft 1, a first gas exhaust hole 25 is provided as a pressure release hole that extends through thrust plate portion 22b from its surface on the back side to its surface on the front side. As shown in
A bearing gas exhaust space 39 is provided in a portion that faces the region of the end opening of first gas exhaust hole 25 in the surface of thrust plate portion 22b on the front side so as to be adjacent to housing assembly 2. Inside housing assembly 2, a first gas flow passage 26 as a bearing gas exhaust passage is provided so as to be continuous to bearing gas exhaust space 39. First gas flow passage 26 is provided inside bearing sleeve 4 constituting housing assembly 2. First gas flow passage 26 is formed so as to extend through bearing sleeve 4 from the surface portion facing bearing gas exhaust space 39 to the surface portion located on the front side of rotary shaft 1.
For example, housing assembly 2 is configured such that housing 3 is connected to cover 5 through back end side O ring 23 and leading end side O ring 24. Leading end side O ring 24 is located in the leading end side region close to the leading end of rotary shaft 1 relative to the center of bearing sleeve 4 in the direction along the rotation center axis of rotary shaft 1. Back end side O ring 23 is located in the back end side region on the back end side of rotary shaft 1 relative to the center of bearing sleeve 4 in the direction along the rotation center axis. Back end side O ring 23 and leading end side O ring 24 each are disposed inside the annular groove formed on the surface of housing 3 so as to extend around the rotation center axis.
Leading end side O ring 24 and back end side O ring 23 are suitably made of a material highly resistant to a solvent, for example. Examples of this material may be perfluoroelastomer as a fluorine-based resin.
Furthermore, as shown in
Rotor blade 15 is formed to extend in the thrust direction from a surface of the thin portion of thrust plate portion 22b located on the back side. Rotary shaft 1 is provided to be rotatable when rotor blade 15 receives gas emitted from the gas supply portion. A plurality of rotor blades 15 are provided to be spaced apart from one another in the rotation direction of rotary shaft 1. Preferably, adjacent rotor blades 15 of the plurality of rotor blades 15 are provided at regular intervals. The plurality of rotor blades 15 are disposed along the outer circumference of thrust plate portion 22b. The cross sectional shape of each of the plurality of rotor blades 15 perpendicular to the thrust direction may be any shape. For example, this cross sectional shape of rotor blade 15 has: a front curved portion located on the front side in the rotation direction and formed to protrude in the rotation direction; and a backside curved portion located on the back side in the rotation direction and formed to protrude in the rotation direction.
As shown in
On the surface of the thick portion located on the back side, rotation detection portion 19 is formed. Rotation detection portion 19 may be formed in any configuration for optically detecting the rotation of rotary shaft 1. For example, rotation detection portion 19 may be surface-treated to have different reflectances for each of a plurality of regions divided in the rotation direction. Specifically, in the surface of the thick portion on the back side, a half region in the rotation direction of rotary shaft 1 is provided to have intensity higher in reflected light than the other half region under irradiation with light such as laser light.
Cover 5 and housing assembly 2 formed of housing 3 and bearing sleeve 4 are formed to have a bearing gap between shaft portion 22a of rotary shaft 1 and bearing sleeve 4 and a bearing gap between thrust plate portion 22b and bearing sleeve 4. Furthermore, housing assembly 2 and cover 5 are provided to be capable of supplying gas to the bearing gaps. Specifically, housing assembly 2 and cover 5 have their respective bearing gas supply passages 10 that are connected to each other. Bearing gas supply passages 10 each have: one end connected to bearing gas supply port 9 on the outer circumferential surface of cover 5; and the other end connected to a corresponding one of the bearing gap between shaft portion 22a of rotary shaft 1 and bearing sleeve 4 and to the bearing gap between thrust plate portion 22b of rotary shaft 1 and bearing sleeve 4. A portion of bearing gas supply passage 10 that is connected to the bearing gap is smaller in hole size than bearing gas supply port 9. In this portion of bearing gas supply passage 10 that is connected to the bearing gap, a so-called narrowed portion is formed. Journal bearing 7 is formed by supplying the gas from bearing gas supply port 9 via bearing gas supply passage 10 to the bearing gap between shaft portion 22a of rotary shaft 1 and bearing sleeve 4. Thrust bearing 8 is formed by: the pressing force generated by supplying the gas from bearing gas supply port 9 via bearing gas supply passage 10 to the bearing gap between thrust plate portion 22b of rotary shaft 1 and bearing sleeve 4; and the attraction force of a magnet 16 (described later).
Magnet 16 is disposed in housing 3 in a region facing thrust plate portion 22b in the thrust direction. Magnet 16 is provided to apply magnetic force to thrust plate portion 22b. Magnet 16 is a permanent magnet, for example. Thereby, magnet 16 attracts thrust plate portion 22b with magnetic force. Magnet 16 is provided so as to face, in the thrust direction, the thin portion of thrust plate portion 22b provided with rotor blade 15, for example. Magnet 16 has a plane formed in an annular shape as seen in the thrust direction, for example.
Cover 5 is fixed to nozzle plate 6 in the thrust direction. Nozzle plate 6 is formed to surround portions (the outer circumferential end face of thrust plate portion 22b in the radial direction and the surface of thrust plate portion 22b on the back side) of rotary shaft 1 that are not accommodated in housing assembly 2 and cover 5.
Nozzle plate 6 is disposed on the back side relative to rotary shaft 1. On the inside of nozzle plate 6, a flow passage is formed, through which driving gas flows when the driving gas is supplied to/discharged from rotor blade 15 formed on thrust plate portion 22b of rotary shaft 1. The driving gas is compressed air, for example.
Nozzle plate 6 is provided with driving gas supply passage 13 and driving gas supply nozzle 14 through which the driving gas is supplied to rotor blade 15. Driving gas supply passage 13 has: one end connected to a turbine gas supply port 12 on the outer circumferential surface of nozzle plate 6; and the other end connected to driving gas supply nozzle 14. Driving gas supply nozzle 14 is provided to be capable of emitting the driving gas to rotor blade 15 in the radial direction from the outside of rotary shaft 1 toward the inside thereof. A plurality of driving gas supply passages 13 and a plurality of driving gas supply nozzles 14 may be formed with an interval therebetween in the rotation direction. In other words, driving gas supply passages 13 and driving gas supply nozzles 14 may be provided to allow the driving gas to be simultaneously supplied in the same rotation direction to rotor blades 15 provided in the rotation direction with an appropriate interval therebetween.
Nozzle plate 6 is provided with a driving gas exhaust space 20 and a gas exhaust hole 11, through which the driving gas supplied from driving gas supply nozzle 14 to rotor blade 15 is discharged to the outside of the spindle. Driving gas exhaust space 20 is formed between nozzle plate 6 and thrust plate portion 22b. A space 21 facing the back side of thrust plate portion 22b (the thin portion) and sandwiched between rotor blades 15 adjacent to each other is connected to driving gas supply nozzle 14 and driving gas exhaust space 20. Nozzle plate 6 is further provided with through holes. Nozzle plate 6 is provided with a through hole located at the center in the radial direction so as to be continuous to through hole 17 in the thrust direction.
Nozzle plate 6 is also provided with a rotation sensor insertion port 18 on the outer circumferential side in the radial direction relative to the above-mentioned through hole. Rotation sensor insertion port 18 is formed to face, in the thrust direction, rotation detection portion 19 in thrust plate portion 22b. Rotation sensor insertion port 18 is formed such that a rotation sensor for emitting light such as laser light to rotation detection portion 19 and receiving reflected light is disposed therein. Example of such a rotation sensor may be an optical sensor 32 or the like that is placed in a spindle holder 27 on the coating apparatus side as an apparatus, for example, as shown in
Gas exhaust hole 11 is provided in nozzle plate 6 at the center side in the radial direction relative to driving gas supply passage 13 and driving gas supply nozzle 14. Gas exhaust hole 11 is formed to extend from gas exhaust space 20 to communicate with the outside of nozzle plate 6. Gas exhaust space 20 is provided in nozzle plate 6 between thrust plate portion 22b and gas exhaust hole 11.
The spindle as described above is installed in spindle holder 27 as shown in
<Operation of Air Turbine Drive Spindle>
Then, the operation of the spindle according to the present embodiment will be hereinafter described.
The driving gas supplied from the driving gas supply source such as an air compressor (not shown) is supplied from turbine gas supply port 12 via driving gas supply passage 13 to driving gas supply nozzle 14. The driving gas supplied to driving gas supply nozzle 14 is emitted toward rotor blade 15 of thrust plate portion 22b of rotary shaft 1 along the direction substantially parallel to the tangential direction (rotation direction) of thrust plate portion 22b. Rotor blade 15 receives the emitted driving gas at the backside curved portion. On this occasion, the driving gas emitted toward rotor blade 15 reaches the outer circumferential side of the backside curved portion, flows along the backside curved portion to be changed in direction, and then reaches gas exhaust space 20 from space 21 so as to be discharged through gas exhaust hole 11 to the outside. Rotor blade 15 receives reaction force of the force applied to the driving gas, and thrust plate portion 22b of rotary shaft 1 receives rotation torque. Thereby, rotary shaft 1 is rotated along the rotation direction. The rotating speed of rotary shaft 1 can be greater than or equal to several tens of thousands rpm, for example. In other words, the above-described spindle is suitable for a spindle for electrostatic coating apparatus, for example.
<Functions and Effects>
As a characteristic configuration of the above-described spindle, the spindle includes a rotary shaft 1 and an outer circumferential member (a housing assembly 2, a cover 5 and a nozzle plate 6). Rotary shaft 1 is provided with a through hole 17. Rotary shaft 1 includes: a leading end portion; a base end portion located opposite to the leading end portion; and a plurality of rotor blades 15 disposed at the base end portion along a rotation direction of rotary shaft 1. The outer circumferential member (housing assembly 2, cover 5 and nozzle plate 6) includes a bearing sleeve 4 configured to surround at least a portion of the outer circumferential surface of rotary shaft 1. The outer circumferential member includes a gas supply portion (a driving gas supply passage 13 and a driving gas supply nozzle 14) and a first gas exhaust portion (a gas exhaust hole 11). The gas supply portion is configured to spray gas onto rotor blade 15 in order to rotate rotary shaft 1. The first gas exhaust portion (gas exhaust hole 11) is configured to discharge the gas sprayed onto rotor blade 15 from a gas exhaust space 20 facing rotor blade 15 to outside of the outer circumferential member. Gas exhaust space 20 is continuous to through hole 17. The spindle includes a second gas exhaust portion (a first gas exhaust hole 25 and a first gas flow passage 26). The second gas exhaust portion is independent of the first gas exhaust portion (gas exhaust hole 11), and is continuous to outside from at least one of gas exhaust space 20 and the gas exhaust region. The gas exhaust region is included in an internal space of through hole 17 and located close to gas exhaust space 20 relative to an end portion of bearing sleeve 4 that is located close to the leading end portion. In the spindle, the second gas exhaust portion includes: at least one first gas exhaust hole 25 penetrating through a portion (a thrust plate portion 22b) of rotary shaft 1 that faces gas exhaust space 20; and a first gas flow passage 26 extending through an outer circumferential member (bearing sleeve 4) from a surface portion facing at least one first gas exhaust hole 25 to a surface portion located close to the leading end portion of rotary shaft 1.
In this way, when the driving gas supplied to rotor blade 15 cannot be sufficiently discharged from gas exhaust space 20 to the outside through gas exhaust hole 11, the driving gas can be discharged from gas exhaust space 20 to the outside through first gas exhaust hole 25 and first gas flow passage 26. Accordingly, it becomes possible to suppress an increase in pressure inside gas exhaust space 20 to thereby prevent inflow of the gas via through hole 17 of rotary shaft 1. The above-described feature will be hereinafter specifically described with reference to
As shown in
However, in the spindle according to the present embodiment, first gas exhaust hole 25 is formed in thrust plate portion 22b of rotary shaft 1. Thus, the gas inside gas exhaust space 20 is discharged through first gas exhaust hole 25. The gas discharged through first gas exhaust hole 25 then flows through first gas flow passage 26 of bearing sleeve 4 and reaches the front side of rotary shaft 1. On the front side of rotary shaft 1, first gas flow passage 26 is continuous to a gap flow passage between cover 5 and rotary shaft 1. Accordingly, the gas discharged from first gas flow passage 26 is discharged from the front side of rotary shaft 1 through this gap flow passage to the outside, as indicated by an arrow in
Consequently, the inflow of the gas from gas exhaust space 20 into through hole 17 of rotary shaft 1 can be suppressed, so that the pressure increase inside through hole 17 can be suppressed.
<Modifications>
First Modification:
Also by such a configuration, the same effect as that of the spindle shown in
Second Modification:
The spindle having the configuration as described above can achieve the same effect as that of the spindle shown in
Third Modification:
By the configuration as described above, the effect achieved by the spindle shown in
<Structure of Air Turbine Drive Spindle>
<Functions and Effects>
Also by the configuration as described above, gas can be directly discharged from the inside of gas exhaust space 20 to the outside through third gas flow passage 40, so that the same effect as that of the spindle shown in
<Structure of Air Turbine Drive Spindle>
In the spindle shown in
<Functions and Effects>
Also by the configuration as described above, gas can be directly discharged from the inside of gas exhaust space 20 through fourth gas flow passage 41 to the outside. Accordingly, the same effect as that of the spindle shown in
In addition, the number of each of first gas exhaust hole 25, second gas exhaust hole 125, first gas flow passage 26, second gas flow passage 126, third gas flow passage 40, and fourth gas flow passage 41 described above does not have to be one but may be two or more. Furthermore, when the number of each of the above-mentioned flow passages is more than one, these flow passages may be disposed at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of rotary shaft 1. Furthermore, the total cross-sectional area of at least one first gas exhaust hole 25 may be equal to or less than the total cross-sectional area of at least one first gas flow passage 26. Furthermore, the total cross-sectional area of at least one second gas exhaust hole 125 may be equal to or less than the total cross-sectional area of at least one second gas flow passage 126.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described as above, the above-described embodiments may be variously modified. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, and is intended to include any modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the terms of the claims.
The present invention is particularly advantageously applicable to a spindle used in an electrostatic coating apparatus and the like.
1 rotary shaft, 2 housing assembly, 3 housing, 4 bearing sleeve, 5 cover, 6 nozzle plate, 7 journal bearing, 8 thrust bearing, 9, 28 bearing gas supply port, 10 bearing gas supply passage, 11 gas exhaust hole, 12, 29 turbine gas supply port, 13 driving gas supply passage, 14 driving gas supply nozzle, 15 rotor blade, 16 magnet, 17 through hole, 18 rotation sensor insertion hole, 19 rotation detection portion, 20 gas exhaust space, 21 space, 22a shaft portion, 22b thrust plate portion, 23, 24 O ring, 25 first gas exhaust hole, 26 first gas flow passage, 27 spindle holder, 30 gas exhaust hole, 31 coating material supply hole, 32 optical sensor, 33 sensor holder, 34 coating material spray nozzle, 35 cup, 36 cup surface, 37 sealing member, 39 bearing gas exhaust space, 40 third gas flow passage, 41 fourth gas flow passage, 125 second gas exhaust hole, 126 second gas flow passage.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016-168357 | Aug 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/028809 | 8/8/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018/043071 | 3/8/2018 | WO | A |
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| 2770797 | Apr 2006 | CN |
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| Entry |
|---|
| Chinese Office Action issued in corresponding Chinese Patent Application No. 201780052896.X, dated Mar. 3, 2021, with English translation. |
| International Search Report issued in International Application No. PCT/JP2017/028809, dated Oct. 3, 2017. |
| Japanese Office Action issued in corresponding Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-168357, dated Aug. 18, 2020, English translation. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200398292 A1 | Dec 2020 | US |
