The present disclosure relates generally to aircraft partitions, and more particularly to aircraft partitions having an electrochromic display, and related methods.
Passenger airlines often divide aircraft into two or more different passenger sections within the aircraft cabin. For example, an aircraft passenger cabin may include an economy section that is differentiated from a first class or business class section, such as by including different sizes of seats and/or offering different amenities. Often, the transitions between these different passenger sections are indicated by one or more dividers (also referred to as partitions), monuments, and/or curtains positioned within the aircraft cabin. These dividers and monuments can offer privacy between different passenger sections, though conventional dividers are fixedly mounted within the aircraft, and thus are not configured to be moved, interchanged, or otherwise adjusted. Monitors throughout the aircraft cabin may be used to display video and information to passengers, though airlines are limited in the size of monitors that can be incorporated into aircraft cabins due to weight restrictions.
The present disclosure concerns multi-purpose removable aircraft partitions that may be interchanged with one another and/or moved to different areas of a given aircraft. Such partitions also include an electrochromic material such that they may function as a smart display, may have a selectively changeable transparency level, and/or may incorporate the in-flight entertainment system.
One example of a presently disclosed aircraft partition includes a body panel and a partition mounting portion that selectively and removably couples the body panel to the aircraft passenger cabin. The body panel is configured to indicate a transition between a first section of an aircraft passenger cabin and a second section of the aircraft passenger cabin, and at least a portion of the body panel is an electrochromic region that comprises an electrochromic material. Disclosed aircraft may include such an aircraft partition and an aircraft mounting portion for selectively and removably coupling the aircraft partition to the aircraft passenger cabin via the partition mounting portion of the aircraft partition. The aircraft mounting portion may be configured to supply power to the electrochromic region via an aircraft power source.
In another example, a passenger aircraft includes a first passenger section, a second passenger section, and a monument positioned to indicate a transition between the first passenger section and the second passenger section. The monument may include a body panel having a first side and a second side, wherein the second side is opposite the first side, wherein the first side faces the first passenger section, and wherein the second side faces the second passenger section. At least a portion of the body panel may be an electrochromic region that comprises an electrochromic material, with the electrochromic region forming a transparent video display.
Related methods also are disclosed. For example, a method of reconfiguring an aircraft passenger cabin may include removing a first aircraft partition from a first aircraft mounting portion of the aircraft passenger cabin and installing a second aircraft partition at the first aircraft mounting portion.
With reference to
Aircraft 12 may include one or more aircraft partitions 10 positioned with an interior cabin 28 (also referred to herein as an aircraft passenger cabin 28). Such aircraft partitions 10 may be positioned to indicate a transition between two sections 22 of interior cabin 28. For example, an aircraft partition 10 may be positioned between a cockpit 23 and a first section 22a of interior cabin 28, between first section 22a and a second section 22b of interior cabin 28, between second section 22b and a third section 22c of interior cabin 28, and/or between third section 22c and a fourth section 22d of interior cabin 28. Of course, other examples of aircraft 12 may include more or fewer sections 22 of interior cabin 28. Additionally or alternatively, aircraft 12 may include more or fewer aircraft partitions 10 than shown, and/or a given section 22 may include more or fewer aircraft partitions 10 than shown. Aircraft partitions 10 may be sized and shaped to increase privacy between respective sections 22 (e.g., between first section 22a and second section 22b). Respective sections 22 of interior cabin 28 may represent different seat class sections (e.g., first section 22a may be a business class or first class section, while second section 22b may be an economy class section or a main cabin section), though in other examples, one or more sections 22 may be the same or similar types of class sections. In some examples, aircraft partitions 10 may be configured to replace one or more overhead monitors in interior cabin 28. Aircraft partitions 10 may be installed such that they are secured to the walls, ceilings, and/or overhead stow bins within interior cabin 28 of aircraft 12. Additionally or alternatively, disclosed aircraft partitions 10 may take the form of an aircraft monument, which may extend substantially from a cabin floor 27 to a cabin ceiling 29 within interior cabin 28.
As shown in
Partition mounting portion 32 may extend along substantially the entirety of a length 36 of aircraft partition 10 in some examples. In other examples, partition mounting portion 32 may extend along only a portion of length 36 of aircraft partition 10. Additionally or alternatively, partition mounting portion 32 may be positioned along some or all of a height 38 of aircraft partition 10. In some examples, partition mounting portion 32 may be configured to slide into an aircraft mounting portion (e.g., aircraft mounting portion 82 of
In some examples, electrochromic region 34 may be a majority of the surface area of body panel 30. In other examples, electrochromic region 34 may be formed over a minority of the surface area of body panel 30. As a specific example, substantially all of the surface area of body panel 30 may form electrochromic region 34. In some examples, body panel 30 includes a plurality of electrochromic regions 34, which may be spaced apart from each other, may be adjacent one another, may overlap with one another, may be sized and shaped substantially identically to one another, and/or one or more respective electrochromic regions 34 may be differently sized and/or shaped from one or more other respective electrochromic regions 34. Electrochromic region 34 may be integrally formed with body panel 30 in some examples of aircraft partition 10, or coupled to body panel 30 in other examples.
Electrochromic region 34 may be a transparent video display. Additionally or alternatively, electrochromic region 34 may be configured to be selectively transitioned between an opaque configuration (wherein the electrochromic region is substantially opaque) and a transparent configuration (wherein the electrochromic region is substantially transparent). For example, electrochromic region 34 may be transitioned between such configurations at various phases of a given flight, such as by being in the transparent configuration during takeoff and landing, and in the opaque configuration during the flight between takeoff and landing. Of course, electrochromic region 34 may be selectively transitioned at any desired time during, before, and/or after the flight. In some examples, electrochromic region 34 has a selectively variable degree of transparency, and may be selectively transitioned between, for example, around 0% transparency, at least 10% transparency, at least 20% transparency, at least 30% transparency, at least 40% transparency, at least 50% transparency, at least 60% transparency, at least 70% transparency, at least 80% transparency, at least 90% transparency, and/or 100% transparency. Electrochromic region 34 is configured to be automatically substantially transparent, or at least partially transparent, when electrochromic region 34 is not powered, in some examples. Additionally or alternatively, electrochromic region 34 may be configured to impart a frosted and/or translucent appearance.
Additionally or alternatively, electrochromic region 34 may be configured to display video, flight information (e.g., flight path, current latitude/longitude, flight duration, etc.), destination information (e.g., temperature at the destination, distance and/or time remaining to destination, etc.), flight status, flight phases, advertisements, connecting flight information, branding artwork, crew announcements, and/or entertainment. In some examples, flight data may be streamed to electrochromic region 34. In this manner, aircraft partition 10 may be configured to serve multiple purposes, such as in providing privacy and indicating transitions between sections of an aircraft passenger cabin, providing aircraft brand differentiation, and also providing a way to display visual content and video to passengers on board the aircraft. Electrochromic region 34 may have a pitch designed to optimize viewing by passengers in the interior cabin of the aircraft in which the aircraft partition 10 is installed. In some examples, electrochromic region 34 may be configured to automatically change information displayed by electrochromic region 34 based on flight status and/or external input. For example, system 14 may include a controller 42 configured to provide said external input to control electrochromic region 34, and/or aircraft partition 10 may include an input device 44 configured to allow a user to selectively control electrochromic region 34. Controller 42 and/or input device 44 may be configured to selectively change the degree of transparency of electrochromic region 34. Additionally or alternatively, controller 42 and/or input device 44 may be configured to change the information displayed by electrochromic region 34. For example, controller 42 and/or input device 44 maybe used to cause electrochromic region 34 to display safety information before a flight, to be transparent during takeoff, and then to display entertainment (e.g., a movie) during the flight. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, controller 42 and/or input device 44 may take any suitable form, including but not limited to knobs, dials, slide adjustments, switches, buttons, etc.
In examples of aircraft partition 10 including more than one electrochromic region 34, controller 42 and/or input device 44 may be configured to control all of the electrochromic regions 34 independently, controller 42 and/or input device 44 may be configured to control all of the electrochromic regions 34 together, and/or each respective electrochromic region 34 may have its own respective controller 42 and/or input device 44. In examples where aircraft 12 includes a plurality of aircraft partitions 10, controller 42 may be configured to control all or some of the plurality of electrochromic regions 34 of all or some of the aircraft partitions 10. In other examples of aircraft 12 including a plurality of aircraft partitions 10, system 14 may include a plurality of controllers 42, such as by including a respective controller 42 for each respective aircraft partition 10.
Aircraft partitions 10 may be formed of any suitable materials, with said materials generally being selected to be lightweight and/or to provide customizable design choices. In some examples, aircraft partitions 10 may be formed of polycarbonate and/or composite materials, though other materials are within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in
Electrochromic region 34 generally is powered by a power supply on board the aircraft in which the aircraft partition 10 is installed (e.g., an onboard aircraft power supply generally provides voltage 47). For example, as shown in
As shown in
Electrochromic region 34 may be coupled to body panel 30 of aircraft monument 100, or may be integrally formed with body panel 30. As with other examples, electrochromic region 34 of aircraft monument 100 may have a selectively variable degree of transparency. For example, electrochromic region 34 may be configured to be selectively transitioned between an opaque configuration (in which electrochromic region 34 is at least substantially opaque) and a transparent configuration (in which electrochromic region 34 is at least substantially transparent) via the application of voltage to electrochromic region 34. Electrochromic region 34 may display video, flight information, destination information, flight status, advertisements, branding artwork, crew announcements, and/or entertainment to passengers and/or crew on board to the aircraft, as discussed in more detail herein.
Methods 200 of reconfiguring an aircraft passenger cabin (e.g., aircraft passenger cabin 28) of an aircraft (e.g., aircraft 12) generally include installing a first aircraft partition (e.g., aircraft partition 10) within the aircraft passenger cabin, at 202. As described above, installing the first aircraft partition at 202 may be performed at the time of manufacture of the aircraft, or as a retrofit within a previously manufactured aircraft. In a representative example, installing the first aircraft partition at 202 may include sliding a partition mounting portion (e.g., partition mounting portion 32) of the first aircraft partition into an aircraft mounting portion (e.g., aircraft mounting portion 82) within the aircraft. In other examples, other mechanisms and motions may be utilized to secure the aircraft partition with respect to the aircraft passenger cabin. For example, installing the first aircraft partition at 202 may include snapping or clicking the aircraft partition into place within the aircraft mounting portion, engaging interlocking components on the aircraft partition and the aircraft mounting portion, engaging a spring-biased component on the aircraft partition and/or the aircraft mounting portion, and/or securing the aircraft partition via one or more selectively removable fasteners.
One or more additional aircraft partitions (e.g., a second aircraft partition 10) may be installed within the aircraft passenger cabin at 204. For example, a given aircraft may include a plurality of aircraft mounting portions within the aircraft passenger cabin, with each respective aircraft mounting portion being configured to receive and/or engage a respective aircraft partition according to the present disclosure. In some examples, one or more aircraft partitions may be removed from the aircraft passenger cabin at 206. Once an aircraft partition is removed at 206 (e.g., by disengaging the aircraft partition from the aircraft mounting portion), the second aircraft partition may be installed at 204 in the location where the first aircraft partition was removed, and/or the removed aircraft partition may be moved to a different location within the same or a different aircraft, at 208. In this manner, aircraft partitions may be reconfigured (switched out, interchanged, moved, etc.) on a given aircraft without needing to take the aircraft out of service, due to the selectively removable and interchangeable nature of presently disclosed aircraft partitions. Video and/or information may be displayed via the electrochromic region of each aircraft partition, at 210, as described previously herein.
Illustrative, non-exclusive examples of inventive subject matter according to the present disclosure are described in the following enumerated paragraphs:
A1. An aircraft partition for an aircraft, the aircraft partition comprising:
a body panel configured to indicate a transition between a first section of an aircraft passenger cabin and a second section of the aircraft passenger cabin, wherein at least a portion of the body panel is an electrochromic region that comprises an electrochromic material; and
a partition mounting portion that selectively and removably couples the body panel to the aircraft passenger cabin.
A2. The aircraft partition of paragraph A1, wherein the partition mounting portion is configured such that the aircraft partition is selectively manually removable from the aircraft passenger cabin by disengaging the partition mounting portion from the aircraft passenger cabin, and wherein the aircraft partition further is selectively manually replaceable in the aircraft passenger cabin by engaging the partition mounting portion with the aircraft passenger cabin.
A3. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A2, wherein the partition mounting portion is configured such that the aircraft partition is selectively electronically removable from the aircraft passenger cabin by electrically disengaging the partition mounting portion from the aircraft passenger cabin, and wherein the aircraft partition further is selectively electronically replaceable in the aircraft passenger cabin by electrically engaging the partition mounting portion with the aircraft passenger cabin.
A4. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A3, wherein the partition mounting portion comprises a partition groove configured to receive an aircraft mounting portion coupled to the aircraft passenger cabin, thereby coupling the aircraft partition to the aircraft passenger cabin.
A5. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A4, wherein the partition mounting portion is configured to slide into a/the aircraft mounting portion coupled to the aircraft passenger cabin, thereby coupling the aircraft partition to the aircraft passenger cabin.
A6. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A5, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a majority of a surface area of the body panel.
A7. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A6, wherein the electrochromic region comprises substantially all of a/the surface area of the body panel.
A8. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A7, wherein the electrochromic region is coupled to the body panel.
A9. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A8, wherein the electrochromic region is integrally formed with the body panel.
A10. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A9, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a transparent video display.
A11. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A10, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to be selectively transitioned between an opaque configuration and a transparent configuration, wherein the electrochromic region is substantially opaque in the opaque configuration, and wherein the electrochromic region is substantially transparent in the transparent configuration.
A12. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A11, wherein the electrochromic region has a selectively variable degree of transparency.
A13. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A12, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to display flight information, destination information, flight status, flight phases, advertisements, branding artwork, crew announcements, and/or entertainment.
A14. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A13, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to display video.
A15. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A14, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to automatically change information displayed by the electrochromic region based on flight status and/or external input.
A16. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A15, further comprising a controller configured to control the electrochromic region.
A17. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A16, further comprising an input device configured to selectively change a/the degree of transparency of the electrochromic region.
A18. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A17, wherein the aircraft partition is configured to increase privacy between the first section of the aircraft passenger cabin and the second section of the aircraft passenger cabin.
A19. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A18, wherein the aircraft partition is configured to replace overhead monitors in the aircraft passenger cabin.
A20. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A19, wherein the electrochromic region has a pitch to optimize viewing by passengers in the aircraft passenger cabin.
A21. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A20, wherein the aircraft partition is customized for a particular seat geometry within the aircraft passenger cabin.
A22. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A21, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to be powered by a power supply on board the aircraft.
A23. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A22, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to connect to a core network system of the aircraft.
A24. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A23, wherein the partition mounting portion comprises a locking mechanism configured to lock the body panel to the aircraft passenger cabin when the locking mechanism is engaged.
A25. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A24, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a laminate of a plurality of layers.
A26. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A25, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a first polymer layer, a first transparent conductor layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, a counter-electrode layer, a second transparent conductor layer, and/or a second polymer layer.
A27. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A26, wherein the electrochromic region comprises an/the electrolyte layer, and wherein the electrolyte layer is a solid or gel electrolyte layer.
A28. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A27, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a first transparent material, a first electrode, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode, and a second transparent material.
A29. The aircraft partition of paragraph A28, wherein the first transparent material and the second transparent material comprise a transparent glass.
A30. The aircraft partition of paragraph A29, wherein the transparent glass comprises silica.
A31. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A30, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to be at least substantially transparent when the electrochromic region is not powered.
A32. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A31, wherein the aircraft partition is configured to be installed in the aircraft at production.
A33. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A32, wherein the aircraft partition is configured to be installed in the aircraft as a retrofit.
A34. The aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A33, wherein the aircraft partition is an aircraft monument.
B1. An aircraft monument for a passenger aircraft, wherein the aircraft monument is positioned to indicate a transition between a first passenger section of the passenger aircraft and a second passenger section of the passenger aircraft, wherein the aircraft monument comprises a body panel having a first side and a second side, wherein the second side is opposite the first side, wherein the first side faces the first passenger section, wherein the second side faces the second passenger section, and wherein at least a portion of the body panel is an electrochromic region that comprises an electrochromic material.
B2. The aircraft monument of paragraph B1, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a majority of a surface area of the body panel.
B3. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B2, wherein the electrochromic region has a diagonal dimension of greater than 42 inches.
B4. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B3, wherein the electrochromic region is coupled to the body panel.
B5. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B4, wherein the electrochromic region is integrally formed with the body panel.
B6. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B5, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a transparent video display.
B7. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B6, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to be selectively transitioned between an opaque configuration and a transparent configuration, wherein the electrochromic region is substantially opaque in the opaque configuration, and wherein the electrochromic region is substantially transparent in the transparent configuration.
B8. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B7, wherein the electrochromic region has a selectively variable degree of transparency.
B9. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B8, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to display flight information, destination information, flight status, advertisements, branding artwork, crew announcements, and/or entertainment.
B10. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B9, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to display video.
B11. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-610, wherein the electrochromic region is configured automatically change information displayed by the electrochromic region based on flight status and/or external input.
B12. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B11, further comprising a controller configured to control the electrochromic region.
B13. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B12, further comprising an input device configured to selectively change a/the degree of transparency of the electrochromic region.
B14. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B13, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to be powered by a power supply on board the aircraft.
B15. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B14, wherein the electrochromic region is configured to connect to a core network system of the aircraft.
B16. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B15, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a laminate of a plurality of layers.
B17. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B16, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a first polymer layer, a first transparent conductor layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, a counter-electrode layer, a second transparent conductor layer, and/or a second polymer layer.
B18. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B17, wherein the electrochromic region comprises an/the electrolyte layer, and wherein the electrolyte layer is a solid or gel electrolyte layer.
B19. The aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B18, wherein the electrochromic region comprises a first transparent material, a first electrode, an ion storage layer, an electrolyte layer, an electrochromic layer, a second electrode, and a second transparent material.
B20. The aircraft monument of paragraph B19, wherein the first transparent material and the second transparent material comprise a transparent glass.
B21. The aircraft monument of paragraph B20, wherein the transparent glass comprises silica.
C1. An aircraft comprising the aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A33 and/or the aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B21.
C2. The aircraft of paragraph C1, further comprising an/the aircraft mounting portion for selectively and removably coupling the aircraft partition to the aircraft passenger cabin via the partition mounting portion of the aircraft partition.
C3. The aircraft of paragraph C2, wherein the aircraft mounting portion comprises blade mount grooves.
C4. The aircraft of any of paragraphs C2-C3, wherein the aircraft mounting portion is configured to supply power to the electrochromic region via an/the aircraft power source.
C5. The aircraft of any of paragraphs C1-C4, further comprising one or more selectively relocatable curtains.
C6. The aircraft of any of paragraphs C1-05, comprising a/the first passenger section and a/the second passenger section.
D1. A method of reconfiguring an aircraft passenger cabin, the method comprising:
removing a first aircraft partition from a first aircraft mounting portion of the aircraft passenger cabin, wherein the first aircraft partition is the aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A33.
D2. The method of paragraph D1, further comprising moving the first aircraft partition and installing the first aircraft partition at a second aircraft mounting portion of the aircraft passenger cabin.
D3. The method of paragraph D1, further comprising installing a second aircraft partition at the first aircraft mounting portion, wherein the second aircraft partition is the aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A33.
D4. The method of any of paragraphs D1-D3, further comprising displaying video via a first electrochromic region and/or a second electrochromic region.
E1. The use of an electrochromic material in an aircraft partition and/or an aircraft monument.
E2. The use of the aircraft partition of any of paragraphs A1-A33 to convey video and/or information to airline passengers.
E3. The use of the aircraft monument of any of paragraphs B1-B21 to convey video and/or information to airline passengers.
As used herein, the terms “selective” and “selectively,” when modifying an action, movement, configuration, or other activity of one or more components or characteristics of an apparatus, mean that the specific action, movement, configuration, or other activity is a direct or indirect result of user manipulation of an aspect of, or one or more components of, the apparatus.
As used herein, the terms “adapted” and “configured” mean that the element, component, or other subject matter is designed and/or intended to perform a given function. Thus, the use of the terms “adapted” and “configured” should not be construed to mean that a given element, component, or other subject matter is simply “capable of” performing a given function but that the element, component, and/or other subject matter is specifically selected, created, implemented, utilized, programmed, and/or designed for the purpose of performing the function. It is also within the scope of the present disclosure that elements, components, and/or other recited subject matter that is recited as being adapted to perform a particular function may additionally or alternatively be described as being configured to perform that function, and vice versa. Similarly, subject matter that is recited as being configured to perform a particular function may additionally or alternatively be described as being operative to perform that function.
As used herein, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more entities should be understood to mean at least one entity selected from any one or more of the entity in the list of entities, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every entity specifically listed within the list of entities and not excluding any combinations of entities in the list of entities. This definition also allows that entities may optionally be present other than the entities specifically identified within the list of entities to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those entities specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) may refer, in one example, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including entities other than B); in another example, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including entities other than A); in yet another example, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other entities). In other words, the phrases “at least one,” “one or more,” and “and/or” are open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B, and C,” “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, or C” and “A, B, and/or C” may mean A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B, and C together, and optionally any of the above in combination with at least one other entity.
The various disclosed elements of apparatuses and steps of methods disclosed herein are not required to all apparatuses and methods according to the present disclosure, and the present disclosure includes all novel and non-obvious combinations and subcombinations of the various elements and steps disclosed herein. Moreover, one or more of the various elements and steps disclosed herein may define independent inventive subject matter that is separate and apart from the whole of a disclosed apparatus or method. Accordingly, such inventive subject matter is not required to be associated with the specific apparatuses and methods that are expressly disclosed herein, and such inventive subject matter may find utility in apparatuses and/or methods that are not expressly disclosed herein.
As used herein, the phrase, “for example,” the phrase, “as an example,” and/or simply the term “example,” when used with reference to one or more components, features, details, structures, examples, and/or methods according to the present disclosure, are intended to convey that the described component, feature, detail, structure, example, and/or method is an illustrative, non-exclusive example of components, features, details, structures, examples, and/or methods according to the present disclosure. Thus, the described component, feature, detail, structure, example, and/or method is not intended to be limiting, required, or exclusive/exhaustive; and other components, features, details, structures, examples, and/or methods, including structurally and/or functionally similar and/or equivalent components, features, details, structures, examples, and/or methods, are also within the scope of the present disclosure.