This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-FC21-95MC31176 awarded by the Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in this invention.
The present invention relates to an airfoil for a bucket of a stage of a gas turbine and particularly relates to a fourth stage turbine bucket airfoil profile.
Many system requirements must be met for each stage of the hot gas path section of a gas turbine in order to meet design goals including overall improved efficiency and airfoil loading. Particularly, the buckets of the fourth stage of the turbine section must meet the operating requirements for that particular stage and also be capable of efficient manufacture.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a unique airfoil shape for a bucket of a gas turbine, preferably the fourth stage bucket, that enhances the performance of the gas turbine. The airfoil shape hereof improves aerodynamic efficiency and fourth stage airfoil aerodynamic and mechanical loading. The bucket airfoil profile is defined by a unique loci of points to achieve the necessary efficiency and loading requirements whereby improved turbine performance is obtained. These unique loci of points define the nominal airfoil profile and are identified by the X, Y and Z Cartesian coordinates of Table I which follows. The points for the coordinate values shown in Table I are relative to the turbine centerline and for a cold, i.e., room temperature bucket airfoil at various cross-sections along its length. The positive X, Y and Z directions are axially parallel to the turbine rotor centerline looking aft toward the turbine exhaust, tangentially in the direction of engine rotation looking aft and radially outwardly toward the bucket tip, respectively. The X and Y coordinates are given in distance dimensions, e.g., units of inches, and are joined smoothly at each Z location to form a smooth continuous airfoil cross-section. The Z coordinates are given in non-dimensionalized form from 0 to 1. By multiplying the airfoil height dimension, e.g., in inches, by the non-dimensional Z value of Table I, the airfoil shape, i.e., the profile, of the bucket is obtained. Each defined airfoil section in the X and Y plane is joined smoothly with adjacent airfoil sections in the Z direction to form the complete airfoil shape.
It will be appreciated that as each bucket airfoil heats up in use, the profile will change as a result of stress and temperature. Thus, the cold or room temperature profile is given by the X, Y and Z coordinates for manufacturing purposes. Because a manufactured bucket airfoil profile may be different from the nominal airfoil profile given by the following table, a distance of plus or minus 0.150 inches from the nominal profile in a direction normal to any surface location along the nominal profile and which includes any coating process, defines a profile envelope for this bucket airfoil. The airfoil shape is robust to this variation without impairment of the mechanical and aerodynamic functions of the bucket.
It will also be appreciated that the airfoil can be scaled up or scaled down geometrically for introduction into similar turbine designs. Consequently, the X and Y coordinates in inches of the nominal airfoil profile given below may be a function of the same constant or number. That is, the X, Y coordinate values in inches may be multiplied or divided by the same constant or number to provide a scaled up or scaled down version of the bucket airfoil profile while retaining the airfoil section shape. Similarly, the Z coordinate value, when converted to inches, may remain the same or be multiplied by the same or a different number as the X and Y coordinate values for scalability.
In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, there is provided a turbine bucket including a bucket airfoil having an airfoil shape, the airfoil having a nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein X and Y are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each distance Z, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape.
In a further preferred embodiment according to the present invention, there is provided a turbine bucket including a bucket airfoil having an uncoated nominal airfoil profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein X and Y are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each Z distance, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape, the X and Y values being scalable as a function of the same constant or number to provide a scaled-up or scaled-down airfoil.
In a further preferred embodiment according to the present invention, there is provided a turbine comprising a turbine wheel having a plurality of buckets, each of the buckets including an airfoil having an airfoil shape, the airfoil having a nominal profile substantially-in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein X and Y are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define the airfoil profile sections at each distance Z, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape.
In a further preferred embodiment according to the present invention, there is provided a turbine comprising a turbine wheel having a plurality of buckets, each of the buckets including an airfoil having an uncoated nominal airfoil profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein X and Y are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each distance Z, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape, the X and Y distances being scalable as a function of the same constant or number to provide a scaled-up or scaled-down bucket airfoil.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Referring now to the drawings, particularly to 
It will be appreciated that the buckets, for example, the buckets 28 of the fourth stage, are mounted on the associated rotor wheel, e.g., wheel 29, forming part of rotor 32. Each bucket, including the fourth stage buckets 28-, are provided with an off-axis or skewed axial entry dovetail 34 (
To define the airfoil shape of each fourth stage bucket airfoil 36, there is a unique set or loci of points in space that meet the stage requirements and enable the airfoil to be manufactured. This unique loci of points meets the requirements for stage efficiency and are arrived at by iteration between aerodynamic and mechanical loadings enabling the turbine to run in an efficient, safe and smooth manner. The loci which defines the bucket airfoil profile comprises a set of points relative to the axis of rotation of the turbine. A Cartesian coordinate system of X, Y and Z values given in Table 1 below defines the profile of the bucket airfoil at various locations along its length. The coordinate values for the X and Y coordinates are set forth in inches in Table I although other units of dimensions may be used when the values are appropriately converted. The Z values are set forth in Table I in non-dimensional form from 0 to 1. To convert the Z value to a Z coordinate value, e.g., in inches, the non-dimensional Z value given in the table is multiplied by the height of airfoil in inches. The Cartesian coordinate system has orthogonally-related X, Y and Z axes and the X axis lies parallel to the turbine rotor centerline, i.e., the rotary axis and a positive x coordinate value is axial toward the aft, i.e., exhaust end of the turbine. The positive Y coordinate value extends tangentially in the direction of rotation of the rotor looking aft and the positive Z coordinate value is radially outwardly toward the bucket tip.
By defining X and Y coordinate values at selected locations in a Z direction normal to the X, Y plane, the profile section of the bucket airfoil, e.g., the representative profile section 48 illustrated in 
The Table I values are generated and shown to three decimal places for determining the profile of the airfoil. There are typical manufacturing tolerances as well as coatings which must be accounted for in the actual profile of the airfoil. Accordingly, the values for the profile given in Table I are for a nominal airfoil. It will therefore be appreciated that ± typical manufacturing tolerances, i.e., ± values, including any coating thicknesses, are additive to the X and Y values given in Table I below. Accordingly, a distance of ±0.150 inches in a direction normal to any surface location along the airfoil profile defines an airfoil profile envelope for this particular bucket airfoil design and turbine, i.e., a range of variation between measured points on the actual airfoil surface at nominal cold or room temperature and the ideal position of those points as given in the Table below at the same temperature. The bucket airfoil design is robust to this range of variation without impairment of mechanical and aerodynamic functions.
The coordinate values given in Table I below provide the preferred nominal profile envelope.
  
    
      
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
          
            
          
          
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
          
        
        
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
          
          
            
          
        
      
    
  
In a preferred embodiment of this fourth stage turbine bucket airfoil, the hub radius at the leading edge of the airfoil is 39.521 inches. However, the Z=0 coordinate value is measured from a hub radius of 40.635 inches, i.e., at the leading edge of the airfoil. That is, the Z=0 coordinate value is 1.114 inches along a radius outwardly from the hub. The height of the airfoil bucket from Z=0 to Z=1.0 is 22.211 inches.
It will also be appreciated that the airfoil disclosed in the above Table may be scaled up or down geometrically for use in other similar turbine designs. Consequently, the coordinate values set forth in Table 1 may be scaled upwardly or downwardly such that the airfoil profile shape remains unchanged. A scaled version of the coordinates in Table 1 would be represented by X and Y coordinate values of Table 1, multiplied or divided by a constant number. Similarly, the Z coordinate value, when converted to inches, may remain the same or be multiplied by the same or a different number as the X and Y coordinate values for scalability.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind | 
|---|---|---|---|
| 6450770 | Wang et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 | 
| 6461110 | By et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 | 
| 6715990 | Arness et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 | 
| 6722852 | Wedlake et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 | 
| 6736599 | Jacks et al. | May 2004 | B1 | 
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050013695 A1 | Jan 2005 | US |