Alicyclic alkylene polyamine microorganism and algae growth inhibitors

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a new class of substituted polyamines which are useful as algae inhibitors and as broad spectrum antimicrobial agents, especially against bacteria causing plant diseases. The novel compounds of this invention have the structural formula: ##STR1## where A is independently a cyclohexyl of C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl substituted cyclohexyl, or an unsubstituted or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl substituted cyclohexenyl of the formula: ##STR2## where each R is either hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl and the dashed line indicates either saturation or a single olefinic bond in the ring and provided that if A is cyclohexenyl, no more than 9 of R are C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl.
Most suitably, less than five of R are C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl and preferably the total of carbon atoms in all of the R groups does not exceed eight. Most preferably, only three of the R groups are C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and as such are desirably methyl or ethyl.
Each n is alike or different and is the integer 0 or 1;
Each R.sub.1 is alike or different and is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkylene; ##STR3##
R.sub.5 is hydrogen, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl, or C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 dihydroxyalkyl; and
R.sub.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl or C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 dihydroxyalkyl; and
Where Y is ##STR4##
R.sub.2 is 2-hydroxy-1,3-trimethylene, or R.sub.1 as previously defined;
R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 aminoalkyl or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 dihydroxyalkyl, e.g., 2,3-dihydroxypropyl and 3,4-dihydroxybutyl;
R.sub.4 is 2-hydroxy-1,3-trimethylene, or R.sub.1 as previously defined;
or when R.sub.3 and R.sub.6 taken together are ethylene, R.sub.4 is also ethylene, and R.sub.5 is aminoethyl, aminopropyl, or aminohydroxypropyl;
When Y is ##STR5##
R.sub.7 is R.sub.2, methylene, or a chemical bond between the cyclohexylene moiety and a first nitrogen; R.sub.8 is R.sub.4 methylene or a chemical bond between the cyclohexylene moiety and a second nitrogen;
When Y is --R.sub.2 --, R.sub.2, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are as previously defined. Most suitably R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are not simultaneously dihydroxyalkyl, and when R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are simultaneously dihydroxyalkyl, it is preferable that they are C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 dihydroxyalkyl.
Preferred polyamines I are those where the sum of the carbon atoms in both of R.sub.1 are from 2 to 8.
The utility of the compounds of our invention is generally their broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties. Especially useful is their activity against bacteria and fungi responsible for stunting the growth and even destruction of many types of crop-producing plants, and for those causing the degradation and deterioration of many types of materials. This includes papers, leather, textiles, aqueous preparations such as latex paints, adhesives, resins, pigment dispersions and oleoresinous coatings whose films are particularly vulnerable to the destructive action of fungi. The large economic losses encountered in papermaking operations caused by the accumulation of bacterial and fungal slimes in various parts of the water system can be eliminated to a significant extent by the use of the compounds herein described. In agriculture, a severe problem faced in the raising of cotton, beans, corn and other crops is the loss of yield per acre due to the action of soilborne fungi on seed and on the roots of the young plants. Control or elimination of these losses can be accomplished by the use of the compounds herein described as soil disinfectants in accordance with the invention. They can also be used on foliage and trees for the control of bacterial and fungal diseases.
They are especially useful as an agent active against bacterial disease of fruits such as fireblight. The prime agent presently useful is streptomycin, which is not only expensive but being an antibiotic useful in human medicine, its use in agriculture is regarded by some as a source of streptomycin resistant species of pathogens.
The compounds of this invention are preferably prepared according to the following sequence of reactions: ##STR6## where A, Z and n have their previously defined meanings, HX is a mono or polybasic organic or inorganic acid, where sufficient HX is provided to protonate at least one amino group of compound I.
The preparation of polyamine I comprises the straightforward Schiff base reaction of the appropriate ketone IV and the appropriate amine V.
If amine V has two primary amino groups, it can either be symmetrical or unsymmetrical. An amine V, which is a symmetrical amine, e.g., where R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are alike when R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen; or where R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are ethylene, R.sub.5 is aminoethyl, and R.sub.6 is hydrogen; or where R.sub.2 is trimethylene when R.sub.5 is 3-aminopropyl and R.sub.6 is hydrogen; forms a single Schiff base VI. This is because regardless of which terminal primary amino group of amine V reacts with ketone IV, the same product results. However, where amine V is unsymmetrical two products can result. One is Schiff base VI. The other products have the formula VI(a) when R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen; ##STR7## or VI(b) when R.sub.5 is aminoethyl or aminopropyl: ##STR8## where A, R.sub.1-6 and n are as previously defined. Note that both products VI(a) and VI(b) come within the scope of the definition given for Schiff base VI. Where Schiff bases of formulas VI amd VI(A) or VI(b) are produced they can be separated, if desired, by the usual and well known separation techniques, i.e., distillation and the like.
As an alternative to obtaining a mixture of Schiff bases VI and VI(a) or VI(b), the reaction can be conducted stepwise. For example, 1,2-diaminoethane may be converted to a Schiff base with 1,5-di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentanone, catalytically reduced, then the ring nitrogen selectively cyanoethylated with acrylonitrile, followed by catalytic hydrogenation to furnish [1,5-di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentyl]-1,4,8-triazaoctane.
To prepare Schiff base VI, ketone IV and amine V are dissolved in a suitable inert solvent, for example, toluene, and heated to reflux, until reaction is substantially complete. Usually 5 to 20 hours is sufficient for water removal by azeotropic distillation. The solvent is then removed under reduced pressure and the residue comprising the Schiff base VI is dissolved in an inert solvent preferably an alkanol, such as ethanol or isopropanol.
After dissolution, the Schiff base VI is catalytically or chemically reduced.
If reduction is catalytic, any unsaturated carbon to carbon bond in A will also be reduced or hydrogenated, as well as the carbon to nitrogen bond of the Schiff base VI. In such catalytic reductions, hydrogen saturates an alkanol solution of Schiff base VI using agitation in the presence of the usual hydrogenation catalysts, such as transition metals and their reducible oxides. Especially effective catalysts are the noble metals and their oxides. A particularly preferred catalyst is platinum oxide. Generally, the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in a manner well known in the art. Small particles, e.g., 100-300 mesh of catalyst are admixed with the Schiff base and excess amine in alcohol and placed in a closed system pressurized with from 3-5 atmospheres of hydrogen gas preferably at ambient temperature, and generally at such pressures and a temperature of from 15.degree. to 45.degree. C. At higher temperatures the pressure preferably need not exceed 15 atmospheres. After reaction is complete, the pressure is released and the catalyst separated from the reaction mixture by filtration. The filtrate containing the cyclohexyl polyamine I, is then further purified by usual techniques. Preferably, whatever solvent may be present is removed under reduced pressure, the residue then dissolved in a water-immiscible solvent, washed with water, followed by a further washing with a saturated aqueous inorganic salt solution. After drying, the solvent is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure giving the cyclohexylpolyamine I usually as an oil. The cyclohexylpolyamine can then be redissolved in loweralkanols, mixtures of loweralkanols and water, diethylether, dioxane and then neutralized with an acid, e.g., hydrogen chloride, or neutralized directly with aqueous acids.
Acid addition salts are then isolated, if desired, by precipitation, evaporation or other usually employed techniques.
Suitable anions X for the salt I(a) include anions derived from inorganic acids as well as those of organic acids such for example as halide, i.e., chloride, bromide or iodide or sulfate, nitrate, bisulfate, phosphate, acetate, propionate, maleate, succinate, laurate, palmitate, oleate, stearate, ascorbate, gluconate, citrate, carbonate, bicarbonate, benzoate, salicylate, pamoate, phthalate, furoate, picolinate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, lauryethersulfonate, nicotinate and the like. Generally, any anion derived from an acid is suitable and satisfactory when the polyamine salt anion X.sup.-, e.g., chloride is replaced with other anions, by well known anion exchange techniques.
When preparing cyclohexenylpolyamines, that is the product I where olefinic unsaturation in ring A is retained, a selective chemical rather than a catalytic reduction is employed to reduce Schiff base VI to product I.
In this chemically reductive procedure, the ketone IV is reacted with the appropriate amine as before, but the Schiff base VI dissolved in an inert alkanol or ether-type solvent is reacted with a chemical reductant such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride, respectively.
Although as little as an equivalent of the chemical reductant can be used successfully, more satisfactory results are obtained if at least two molar excess of and preferably at least a 2.5 molar excess of the chemical reductant is employed. After any initial reaction has subsided, the reaction mixture of Schiff base VI and reductant may be heated to reflux for an hour or two, then cooled to room temperature, and afterwards concentrated under vacuum. The residue obtained is then further purified as by treatment with mineral acid or inorganic base as was described for polyamines I and the salt may thereafter be formed as previously described.
The cyclohexyl and cyclohexenyl ketones IV are readily prepared and two alternative methods, are set forth below.
A. The Condensation of Acids
This method involves the following reaction scheme: ##STR9##
Acylative decarboxylation of acids VII is employed by heating the acid at elevated temperatures either with transition metals, preferably iron, transition metal oxides, alkaline earth oxides, with polyphosphoric acid or with boron trifluoride. Most suitably, acylative reaction is achieved by passage of acid vapors over catalysts such as heated thoria aerogel.
Condensation-decarboxylation of an acid is the preferred method for preparing ketone IV when each A-(R.sub.1).sub.n group is alike, a mixture of products being obtained when several different acids are combined in a reaction. The preferred reaction comprises admixing carboxylic acid VII with reduced iron powder and stirring in an inert atmosphere at 195.degree. to 200.degree. C. for 1-6 hours to form an iron salt.
Preferably, the carboxylic acid VII and iron are agitated under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen for at least 2 hours at 195.degree. to 200.degree. C.
After 2 hours, the temperature is increased suitably to 290.degree. to 310.degree. C. and agitation continued for at least another 3 hour period, 4 hours usually being sufficient. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool, and then is extracted with a suitable inert solvent such as diethylether and filtered. The solvent extracts are concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual liquid is distilled under vacuum to isolate the ketone IV.
The carboxylic acids VII employed above are prepared by various means well known in the art. One particularly useful technique is the addition of a cyclohexene to an aliphatic acid anhydride.
In this procedure, a mixture of the cyclohexene and a catalytic quantity, e.g., 0.2-0.3 mole for each mole of cyclohexene of a free radical-forming catalyst, such as di-tert-butyl peroxide, is added dropwise over 3-5 hours to a 5-15 molar excess of refluxing aliphatic acid anhydride. After complete addition, the reaction is heated at reflux for 5-10 hours, concentrated under reduced pressure and the liquid residue is mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide and stirred with heating on a steam bath for about 2-5 hours. The cooled alkaline solution is then extracted with ether, the ether layer is discarded and the aqueous solution acidified, and then extracted well with ether. The combined ether extracts are washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual liquid or solid is distilled under vacuum to give the corresponding carboxylic acid, VII.
Other carboxylic acids are readily obtained, for example, by the Diels-Alder reaction of a diene and alkyl substituted diene with various unsaturated aliphatic compounds or carboxylic acids, as are later referred to in greater detail.
B. Condensation of a Grignard and a Nitrile
Dicyclohexyl, dicyclohexenyl, or cyclohexyl-cyclohexenyl alkanones can be obtained according to the following reaction scheme: ##STR10## where A or (R.sub.1).sub.n of each reactant may be the same or different and are as previously defined.
This general procedure utilizes the reaction of a Grignard reagent prepared from a chloro- or bromo-substituted cyclohexane or cyclohexene derivative with a cyanosubstituted cyclohexane or cyclohexene derivative. The resultant disubstituted iminoalkane salt complex is hydrolyzed with aqueous mineral acid to the corresponding ketone.
The Grignard reagent is obtained by reaction of the halide with magnesium metal, usually in the form of turnings of powder and may be catalyzed by very small concentrations of iodine or methyl iodide. Solvents which are useful include diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and benzene. Usually, gentle warming suffices to initiate the reaction and the halide is gradually added to the metal-solvent mixture. After complete addition the disappearance of practically all magnesium metal signifies the end of the reaction. A small excess of halide is used and moisture must be excluded; a nitrogen atmosphere is beneficial. The Grignard reagent is then added to the nitrile which is previously dissolved in two or three times its volume of solvent over a period of 15 minutes to 1 hour at ambient The reaction mixture may then be heated to reflux to insure complete reaction. Generally, a small excess of Grignard reagent as compared to nitrile is employed. From 1 to 10 hours at reflux is sufficient for complete conversion. The resultant imine salt is preferably decomposed to the ketone with aqueous mineral acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and phosphoric. The ketones are water-insoluble and may be extracted with water-immiscible solvents. Purification is preferably accomplished by fractional distillation under reduced pressure. It is feasible to use the crude ketone reaction mixture for the alkylation of polyamines as the reaction by-products are usually alcohols or hydrocarbons and do not react with amines. The reactant halides, if present in the crude product, should be removed prior to the ketone-amine alkylation process.
The concentrations of Grignard reagent and nitrile may be varied over wide limits for securing good yields in the process.
The halide and cyano, as well as carboxylic derivatives of cyclohexanes and cyclohexenes are commonly available; where the requisite carboxylic, cyano or halo derivatives as used herein are not readily available they can be obtained through employing known techniques, for example, by means of the Dils-Alder synthesis: ##STR11## where D is R, --(R.sub.1).sub.n --COOH, --(R.sub.1).sub.n --Br, or --(R.sub.1).sub.n --CN and where R.sub.1, R, and X have their previous meanings. Where D is R and each R is alkyl, the resulting cyclohexene can be reacted with an aliphatic acid anhydride as previously described. Where D is (R.sub.1).sub.n --COOH, (R.sub.1).sub.n --CN or (R.sub.1).sub.n --BR, the condensation can proceed as outlined in preparative examples A and B above. Of course, A(R.sub.1).sub.n --COOH can be treated by standard techniques with a phosphorous chloride, e.g., phosphorous pentachloride, to form A(R.sub.1).sub.n --COCl.
Where R is independently either hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, the Darzens synthesis [Compt. Rend., 150, 707 (1910)] can be used: ##STR12## where R.sub.1, n, R and A are as previously defined. Likewise, the Blaise-Marie synthetic route can be employed [Bull. Soc. Chim. [4] 7, 215 (1910) and Compt. Rend. 145, 73 (1907)]: ##STR13## where A, n and R.sub.1 have their previously defined meanings.
Once the ketone IV is obtained it can then be reacted with a suitable polyamine V. Polyamines V which are exceptionally suitable for reaction with ketone IV include diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, 3,3'-iminobis-(propylamine), 3,3'-methyliminobis-(propylamine), dipropylenetriamine, N,N'-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-trimethylenediamine, N,N'-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-trimethylenediamine, N,N'-bis-(3-aminopropyl)piperazine, N-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-trimethylenediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-trimethylene-diamine, spermidine, spermine, 1,4-bis-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazine, 1-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl)-4-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, N-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-trimethylenediamine, N,N'-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-cyclohexylene-bis-(methylamine), 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,5,9triazanonane, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazadecane, 4-(3,4-di-hydroxybutyl)-1,4,8-triazaoctane, 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-1,5,9-triazanonane, 1,4-di-(3-aminopropyl)piperidine, tris-(3-aminopropyl)amine, ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, and 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane.
The compounds described herein are excellent broad spectrum antimicrobial agents which are especially effective against gram positive and negative bacteria, particularly the troublesome gram-negative of the genus Pseudomonas at aqueous concentrations of 1.0 to 100 ppm. Examples of susceptible species include, inter alia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, S. pullorum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aerobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Bacillus mycoides, fungi such as Aspercillus niger and Chaetomium globosum. For use, these compounds can be applied neat or employed in a diluted form. Satisfactory diluents include any inert material not destructive of the antimicrobial activity and especially liquid formulations comprising aqueous dispersions, solutions, and emulsions. Solid diluents include talc, corn starch, alumina and diatomaceous earth. The antimicrobial agents of this invention can also be deposed on materials such as natural fibers including paper, cotton, wool and synthetic fibers such as nylon, polypropylene, as well as upon inanimate surfaces including hard surfaces such as wood, glass, metal, tile, rubber, plastic, and porous surfaces such as concrete, leather and the like.
The polyamines of this invention are especially useful in suppressing the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in fluids employed in cutting and grinding operations, such as metal working, and oil well drilling muds or secondary oil recovery waters and brines. Anaerobes such as the sulfate-reducer, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, are inhibited at 0.1-10 ppm. concentration of these polyamines. Suppression of these bacteria eliminates hydrogen sulfide production and corrosion of equipment, plugging of oil-bearing sands, malodors and other deleterious actions. These compounds are also useful in the preservation against biodeterioration of other aqueous systems such as aqueous emulsions and dispersions, paints or coatings, pigment suspensions, adhesives and the like where proliferation of microorganisms can produce colloid breakdown, pH shifts, malodors, corrosive substances, viscosity loss and other undesirable effects.
One particularly useful application of the compounds of this invention is imparting sanitizing properties to fabrics, either woven or non-woven, launderable or disposable which are to be employed, such for example, as diapers, surgical masks, caps, gowns, towels and drapes, covers for hospital furniture and instrument wrappings, aseptic facial tissues and sanitary napkins and bathroom tissue. In this application, the compounds of Formula I can be applied to the fibrous pulp before extracting or strand or thread formation or it can be sprayed upon the finished goods. Either deposition technique is satisfactory so long as from 1 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 % or more by weight of the antimicrobial material is retained on the cloth. Greater than 0.1% to 1% by weight is generally excessive and superfluous.
Another application is alone or in solution or suspension or in conjunction with soaps or detergents for use in cleansing the skin, particularly in presurgical scrubbing formulations, or in formulations for controlling the growth of Corynebacterium acnes. C. acnes is a strain of bacteria implicated in acne conditions, especially Acne vulgaris, wherein applications of as little as 1 to 5 ppm. is effective in controlling such skin dwelling bacteria. Larger concentrations can be used if desired without irritation or discomfort such as 2500 ppm and higher. Where the cleansing formulation is diluted with water upon use, the formulation can comprise from 0.01% by weight and more of the polyamine of this invention.
In addition, the compounds described herein can be employed in impounded water, such as swimming pools, ponds or industrially-used water such as cooling or papermill water to inhibit growth of undesirable bacteria, fungi, and/or algae.
In the control of slime-producing microorganisms and algae in recirculating industrial waters, particularly cooling operations and especially installations such as cooling towers, the polyamine compounds of this invention are usually employed alone, but can also be used in combination with other antimicrobial agents. The compounds are preferably employed as salts to enhance solubility. Concentrations in the recirculating water of as little as 1 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 % by weight are effective in inhibiting microbial growth. To insure effectiveness, especially against more resistant strains of microorganisms, and also when make-up water is added to replace water lost by evaporation and the like, concentrations of from 1 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 % to 5 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.2 % by weight are most satisfactory. Dosage may be continuous or as intermittent "shock treatment", i.e., addition in a 10-20 minute period every 4-8 hours.
An unusual, highly advantageous property of these compounds is high substantivity to all kinds of surfaces; this provides protection against corrosion and acts as a storage depot for continuously dosing the waters in contact. The same properties also are largely responsible for the previously state utility as disinfectants for inanimate surfaces comprising walls and ceilings, equipment, animal pens, hospital facilities, kitchens and bathrooms and the like.
In formulating the compounds of this invention for the above uses, these compounds can be employed in combination with other antimicrobial agents, surfactants, insecticides, defoamers, odorants, or as chelates of metals such as copper, calcium, magnesium and iron.
AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS
Wettable powder formulations for use as a dispersion in water represent a practical means for good distribution in soil. Other methods of achieving the same results include the preparation of dusts. All of the polyamines can be blended as fine powders with the commonly used powder diluents such as talc, clay, refined silicates, wood flour, sand, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, fuller's earth, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, mica, pumice and the like. The powder can have the following formulation:
______________________________________ Percent______________________________________Polyamine 1-75Inert diluent (clay, talc, etc.) 25-99______________________________________
The mixtures may be finely powdered, e.g., to the 1-10 micron average particle size, or be made by blending the already finely powdered ingredients.
For application as agricultural disinfectants the dusts may be applied to the seed and surrounding soil at the time of planting. The concentration of the sterilant is adjusted to give an effective, nonphytotoxic dosage in the soil. In general, the soil concentration of polyamine should be from 10 to 25 parts per million (of active ingredient). For most economical and effective use the dusts can be applied in bands of 6 to 8 inches centered on the rows just prior to seeding. The material can then be rototilled to a depth of several inches. This mode of treatment saves material and protects the root system of young plants against microbial attack. For the protection of a given crop, such as cabbage, the band spread of antimicrobial can vary from 8 inches for black root disease to 12-15 inches for club root disease prevention. Similarly, the depth to which the fungicide should be distributed can vary from 2 to 6 inches.
The wettable powders can be prepared by the addition of 0.1-5% of a wetting agent to the powder blends. Many dispersing agents are commercially available which are non-phytotoxic at the required concentrations. These may, for example, be alkali metal and amine salts of sulfated and sulfonated acids, alcohols, and oils, or polyethoxylated alkyl phenols, long chain fatty amine quaternary salts, partial fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, etc. Some dispersants can be used in preparing emulsifiable concentrates of the polyamines in organic solvents. Many of these agents are available in solvent-soluble form. The manner of application to the soil is similar to the dusts. Spray equipment is used to spread the suspensions or emulsions over the soil and by discing, the fungicidal agents can be uniformly distributed to varying depths. Spray application is also effective for band-limiting the dosages.
Other agricultural uses for these formulations involve the eradication of bacterial blights of plants by application to the involved surface areas. The compounds of this invention show high orders of bacterial inhibition and are especially useful for this purpose. Some of the diseases which are of commercial importance in decreasing yield and quality and are controlled by the compositions of the invention are fire blight of apple and pear, bacterial spot on stone fruit, cherry leaf spot, walnut blight, common blight of bean, bacterial spot of tomato and pepper, and potato seed piece decay. The effective concentration of polyamines required varies from 5-200 parts per million; they may be applied as dusts, powder dispersions in water as emulsions in water, or as aqueous dipping baths. Other plant diseases which can be controlled by treatment with these formulations are fungal in origin, such as the many kinds of powdery mildew and leaf scabs.
For seed treatment, proportions as low as 1 to 4 ounces per hundred weight (550 to 600 pm on seed) are effective against various fungi.
The compounds of the invention can be used in form of aqueous suspensions or emulsions, the base products being generally insoluble in water. For this type of formulation various powdered carriers can be employed to aid in achieving uniform distribution. Talc, fuller's earth, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, clays and the like are admixed with the agent along with wetting and dispersing agents and sticking agents. For maximum chemical compatability those which are non-ionic in character are preferred. Other nonionic or cationic surfactants are also satisfactory.
Additional applications for the compounds of this invention include inhibiting formation of dental plaque especially when used as an oral rinse, e.g., a mouth wash, or in combination with a toothpaste or tooth powder containing from 50-1,000 ppm.
The following specific examples are further illustrative of our invention, but should not be construed as any limitation on the compound presented in formula I or the appended claims.
PREPARATION A
Free Radical Addition of Acetic Anhydride to .beta.-Pinene
To 1,000 g. (10 moles) of refluxing acetic anhydride is added dropwise a mixture of 136 g. .beta.-pinene (1.0 mole) and 30 g. t-butyl peroxide (0.2 mole) over a period of 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture is then heated at reflux for an additional 5 hours. The acetic anhydride is then removed under vacuum and the residue hydrolyzed by treatment with 40 g. NaOH in 250 ml. water and 150 ml. ethanol. The mixture is heated at reflux for 2 hours, then acidified with hydrochloric acid, extracted with ether and dried over sodium sulfate. The dried extracts are evaporated to leave a residue which is distilled under vacuum giving 43.1 g. (22%) of 3-(4-isopropylcyclohexenyl)propionic acid having a b.p. 135.degree.-137.degree. C. (0.3 mm.).
PREPARATION B
3-(4-Isopropylcyclohexyl)propionic Acid
The unsaturated acid from the previous preparation is dissolved in ethanol and hydrogenated with PtO.sub.2 at room temperature and 40 psi hydrogen pressure. The platinum catalyst is filtered off and the ethanol removed under reduced pressure. The saturated product 3-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)propionic acid is obtained as a colorless liquid 42.3 g. (97%).
PREPARATION C
Preparation of 1,5-Di-(4-Isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentanone
3-(4-Isopropylcyclohexyl)propionic acid (39.7 g., 0.20 mole) and iron (hydrogen reduced, 6.15 g., 0.11 mole) is heated for 1.5 hours at 195.degree. C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After that time, the temperature is increased to 290.degree. C. and maintained at that temperature for three hours. The cooled reaction mass is extracted well with ether, filtered through Celite, and the ethereal extracts concentrated under vacuum. The residue is stripped under vacuum to leave the product, 17.3 g. (51%).
Similarly in an analogous manner there are obtained the following ketones.
1,9-Dicyclohexyl-5-nonanone;
1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone;
1,3-Dicyclohexylacetone;
1,7-Dicyclohexyl-4-heptanone;
1,3-Di-(3-methylcyclohexyl)acetone;
1,7-Di-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)-4-heptanone;
1,5-Di-(2-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentanone;
1,9-Di-(2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-nonanone;
1,5-Di-(4-t-butylcyclohexyl)-3-pentanone;
1,5-Di-(2,4,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-pentanone;
1,5-Di-(3,5-diethylcyclohexyl)-3-pentanone;
1,7-Di-(2,6-dimethyl-4-t-butylcyclohexyl)-4-heptanone;
1,7-Di-(2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylcyclohexyl)-4-heptanone;
when unsaturated acids are subjected to the above procedure the following representative ketones are obtained:
1,7-Dicyclohex-3-enyl-4-heptanone; 2,8-Di-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)-5-nonanone and
1,5-Di-[4-isopropylcyclohex-1-enyl]-3-pentanone.
PREPARATION D
Preparation of 4-Cyclohexyl-1-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)butanone-2
A Grignard reagent was prepared from 2-cyclohexylethyl bromide 21 gm. (0.11 mole) and magnesium, 2.4 g. (0.1 gram atom). The magnesium is covered with 25 ml. of anhydrous ether, a crystal of iodine added and in a nitrogen atmosphere, the halide dissolved in 50 ml. of anhydrous ether is added, once initial reaction is obtained, at reflux temperature over a period of 1-2 hours. After complete addition, refluxing is continued for 1/2 hour.
In a nitrogen atmosphere, the Grignard solution is clarified by passage through a glass wool filter plug and added slowly to an agitated solution of 4-isopropylcyclohexylacetonitrile, 14.9 gm. (0.09 mole) in 200 ml. of anhydrous diethyl ether. A gentle reflux is maintained during the addition which requires 1/2 to 1 hour. After complete addition and an additional 15 minutes at reflux, the reaction mixture is cooled and poured onto a mixture of 50 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 200 gms. of ice using good mixing. Upon warming the ether is removed by distillation and the residue heated at 70.degree.-100.degree. C. for 1 hour. The product is extracted with two portions, 250 ml. each of ether, the ether solution dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the solvent removed. Any of the reactants, i.e., halide and nitrile, are separated from the ketone by fractional distillation under reduced pressure along with by-products.
In a similar procedure, the following ketones are prepared:
1-(2-Methylcyclohexyl)-4-cyclohexylpentan-2-one;
1-(4-t-Butylcyclohexyl)-5-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)pentan-3-one;
2-(3-Methylcyclohexyl)-8-(2-isopropylcyclohexyl)octan-4-one;
1-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-t-butylcyclohexyl)-5-(3,5-diethylcyclohexyl)pentan-3-one.
PREPARATION E
Preparation of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine)
Acrylonitrile (26.5 g., 0.5 mole) is added dropwise over a 45 minute period to 1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) (2.84 g., 2.0 mole) with stirring and ice bath cooling. After complete addition, the reaction mixture is stirred an additional 1 hour at 5.degree. C., gradually warmed to 45.degree. C. and kept 2 hours at that temperature followed by 1 hour at 90.degree. C. The reaction mixture is stripped of any unreacted acrylonitrile and excess non-cyanoethylated bis(methylamine) starting material which was removed at an internal temperature of 110.degree. C. and 1 mm. The residue is then dissolved in 1.5 l. of ethyl alcohol (ammonia gas saturated) mixed with 50 ml. of sponge nickel catalyst and hydrogenated at 150 psi. After removal of catalyst by filtration, the solvent and ammonia is stripped off and the triamine product purified by fractionation under reduced pressure.
A higher homolog, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-cyclohexanebis-(2-ethylamine) is synthesized using the above procedure with 1,4-bis-(2-aminoethyl)cyclohexane prepared according to P. P. Garcia and J. H. Wood, J. Org. Chem., 26, 4167 (1961). Excess staring amine in this example may be separated from product at a boiling point of 122.degree.-126.degree. C./1 mm.
PREPARATION F
Preparation of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine)
Acrylonitrile (10.6 g., 0.2 mole) is added dropwise over a 15 minute period to N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) (37.2 g., 0.4 mole) with stirring and ice bath cooling. After complete addition, the reaction mixture is stirred an additional 2 hours at 5.degree. C., allowed to gradually warm over a 1 hour period. heated 2 hours at 45.degree. C. and finally 1 hour at 90.degree. C. It is then fractionated under reduced pressure up to an internal temperature of 170.degree. C. The residue is dissolved in 200 ml. ethyl alcohol, cooled in an ice bath and saturated with ammonia gas at 0.degree. C. Approximately 5 ml. of sponge nickel catalyst (W. R. Grace Co., Davison Chem. Division) is added and the mixture shaken under hydrogen at 150 psi until no further hydrogen uptake. The catalyst is removed by suction, filtration under nitrogen, the solvent stripped away and the residue fractionally distilled under reduced pressure. The trimaine product is readily distinguished from cyanoethylated diamine by its lower R.sub.f on silica gel using a solution of 1 volume concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide in 4 volume methyl alcohol. The synthesis is an adaptation of the method of M. Israel et al, J. Med. Chem., 7, 710 (1964) for the preparation of polymethylenepolyamines.
PREPARATION G
Preparation of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine)
A solution of 14.2 gm. (0.1 mole) of 1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) in 150 ml. anhydrous methyl alcohol and under an atmosphere of nitrogen is warmed to 45.degree.-50.degree. C. In a 20 minute period, there is introduced with good agitation and beneath the liquid surface a total of 1.1 gm. (0.025 mole) of ethylene oxide in gaseous form. The reaction temperature is maintained at 45.degree.-50.degree. C. for an additional one-half hour after stopping the addition of ethylene oxide. The methyl alcohol is removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure; excess 1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) is readily separated from the product by fractionation under reduced pressure. Only monoethoxylated compound remained and could be used as such or further purified by distillation at reduced pressure.
PREPARATION H
Preparation of N-(3-Amino-2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine)
1,4-Cyclohexanebis(methylamine) (14.2 g., 0.1 mole) is dissolved in 50 ml. of anhydrous methyl alcohol and the solution cooled to +5.degree. C. in an ice bath. Epichlorohydrin (9.3 g., 0.1 mole) is added in a 2-minute period and the temperature maintained at +5.degree. C. for 2 hours; reaction is allowed to continue at 10.degree.-15.degree. C. until thin layer chromatography of an aliquot (silica gel plate with development using a solution of 1 volume concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide in 4 volumes of methyl alcohol) indicated nearly complete conversion of the starting diamine to the propylene chlorohydrin. The solution is then added to 100 ml. of dry methyl alcohol previously saturated at 0.degree. C. with dry ammonia gas by continuous dropwise flow at +5.degree. C. with good agitation and external cooling. After stirring 2 hours at +5.degree. C., it is allowed to warm to 20.degree. C. and mixed overnight. The reaction is competed by heating at 45.degree.-55.degree. C. for 6 hours. The solvent and ammonia was removed by stripping and the product purified using fractional distillation under reduced pressure.
N-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) is produced by alkaline hydrolysis of the above propylenechlorohydrin derivative.
The propylene chlorohydrin derivative is dissolved in a 1M sodium hydroxide solution containing 50% methyl alcohol and 50% water by weight in a ratio of 5 grams of chlorohydrin to 25 ml. of sodium hydroxide solution. After stirring 24 hours at 20.degree. C. the methyl alcohol is removed by distillation and the oil which separates is extracted with 100 ml. of diethyl ether. The extract is washed with approximately 10 ml. of cold water, the ether layer dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and then filtered. Removal of the ether by distillation leaves the product in good purity as an oil.
PREPARATION I
Preparation of N,N'-bis-(3-Aminopropyl)-1,4-bis-(2-aminoethyl)cyclohexane
Acrylonitrile (10.6 g., 0.2 mole) is added dropwise over a 15 minute period to 1,4-bis-(2-amainoethyl)cyclohexane (17.0 g., 0.1 mole) cooled in an ice bath and with good stirring. The resultant solution is maintained at 5.degree.-10.degree. C. with agitation for 1 hour, allowed to warm to 25.degree. C. over a 2 hour period and finally heated at 90.degree. C.-95.degree. C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture is then freed of any unreacted material and monocyanoethylated product by gradually heating to an internal temperature of 130.degree. C. at a pressure of 0.5-1 mm. The residue is dissolved in 200 ml. ethyl alcohol which had been previously saturated with dry ammonia gas at 0.degree. C., mixed with approximately 5 ml. of a sponge nickel catalyst suspension and reduced with shaking under 200 psi hydrogen. The catalyst is removed by suction filtration, the filtrate stripped of solvent and the residue purified by fractional distillation under reduced pressure.
PREPARATION J
Preparation of N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,4-bis-(2-aminoethyl)cyclohexane
1,4-Bis-(2-aminoethyl)cyclohexane (68 gm., 0.4 mole) and ethyleneimine (4.3 gm., 0.1 mole) with 0.4 g. ammonium chloride are mixed in a glasslined pressure reactor and filled with nitrogen to 100 psi. The mixture is shaken and heated at 85.degree.-95.degree. C. for 48 hours. After cooling, it is distilled rapidly free of the salt and then fractionated under high vacuum. The starting diamine is readily distinguished from the triamine product by thin layer chromatography on silica gel using a mixture of 1 volume concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide with 4 volume methyl alcohol, the diamine having a much higher R.sub.f.
PREPARATION K
N,N-Bis-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine)
Preparation of 1-Cyano-4-[di-(3-hydroxypropyl)aminomethyl]cyclohexane and catalytic reduction
a. 1-Bromomethyl-4-cyanocyclohexane (20.2 g., 0.1 mole) and di-(3-hydroxypropyl)amine (53.2 g., 0.4 mole) in 400 ml. of anhydrous isopropyl alcohol are heated in an autoclave at 105.degree.-115.degree. C. for 8 hours with continuous agitation. The reaction mixture is stripped of solvent under reduced pressure and the residue diluted with 500 ml. of ice water. A cold solution of 5 g. of sodium hydroxide in 100 ml. of water is added and the mixture extracted with two 150 ml. portions of methylene chloride. The organic phase is then washed with 50 ml. of ice water, dried overnight with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and freed of solvent by distillation under reduced pressure.
b. The residual oil from a.) is taken up in 200 ml. of anhydrous ethyl alcohol previously saturated at 0.degree. C. with dry ammonia gas, mixed with 5 ml. of sponge nickel catalyst suspension and hydrogenated at 25.degree. C. under 100 psi hydrogen pressure in a stirred autoclave. The reaction completion is readily determined by disappearance of the C.tbd.N IR absorption band and measurement of hydrogen uptake. The catalyst is removed by suction filtration, the solvent with mild heating under reduced pressure and the produce obtained pure with fractional distillation at reduced pressure.
PREPARATION L
N,N-Di-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)trimethylenediamine
Bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)amine (16.5 g., 0.1 mole) and acrylonitrile (6.4 g., 0.12 mole) was mixed in an ice bath and then warmed to room temperature. After standing for 2 hours, the mixture was then heated at 45.degree.-55.degree. C. for 3 hours. The excess acrylonitrile was removed by gentle warming under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in ethyl alcohol, mixed with sponge nickel catalyst and hydrogenated under 200 psi hydrogen using good agitation. After filtration of catalyst the solvent and excess acrylonitrile was removed by stripping under reduced pressure to leave the product as an oil.
PREPARATION M
N,N,N'-Tri-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)trimethylenediamine
N,N-di-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)trimethylenediamine (11.1 g., 0.05 mole) was dissolved in 125 ml. of methanol and heated under reflux with agitation. Glycidol (3.7 g., 0.05 mole) was added dropwise over a period of 1.5 hour and the solution mixed an additional hour at 60.degree.-80.degree. C. The methyl alcohol and other volatiles were removed by stripping under reduced pressure to leave the product suitable for use in the next steps.
PREPARATION N
5,9,9-Tri-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,5,9-triazanonane
An aliquot of the residual oil from Preparation M (5.9 g., 0.02 mole) was mixed with acrylonitrile (2.75 g., 0.05 mole) at room temperature and then warmed at 50.degree.-60.degree. C. for 10-15 hours. The excess acrylonitrile was removed by stripping under reduced pressure and the residual oil taken up in 50 ml. of ethanol, mixed with 2 g. of sponge nickel catalyst and shaken under a hydrogen atmosphere of 200 psi for 6 hours. The mixture was filtered free of catalyst and the solvent removed by distillation. The product could be brought to analytical purity by chromatography on a silica gel column and is an oil.

EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of 1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentyl]-1,5,9-triazanone
1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentanone (6.70 g., 0.02 mole) and 3,3'-iminobispropylamine (13.1 g., 0.10 mole) in 150 ml. toluene is heated at reflux overnight with a Dean-Stark water separator. The cooled solution is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is dissolved in ethanol and hydrogenated with PtO.sub.2 at room temperature and 40 psi hydrogen pressure. The platinum catalyst is filtered off and the ethanol removed under vacuum. The residual oil is dissolved in ether and the ether solution washed several times with water to remove the excess 3,3'-iminobispropylamine. The ether extracts are dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to leave the polyamine as a colorless oil.
The oil is dissolved in ether and hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled into the solution until no further precipitation occurs. The ether is evaporated under reduced pressure to leave the product as a solid which is digested with hot isopropyl alcohol. The solids are collected by filtration and dried under vacuum at 70.degree. C. to give a colorless product, 1-[1,5-di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentyl]-1,5,9-triazanone trihydrochloride.
In an analogous manner, from the ketones and the amines set forth below, there are prepared the following compounds of this invention:
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Ketone Amine Product Melting Point__________________________________________________________________________1,9-dicyclohexyl-5-nonanone 3,3'-Iminobispropylamine 1-[1,9-Dicyclohexyl-5-nonyl]- Dec 183.degree. - 187.degree. C. to 1,5,9-triazanonane trihydro- pulp; 255.degree. - 267.degree . C. to chloride liquid1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone Ethylenediamine N-[1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentyl]- 261.degree. - 263.degree. C. ethylenediamine dihydro- chloride1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N- 1-[1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentyl]- 247.degree. - 249.degree. C. methyl-1,3-propane 5-methyl-1,5,9-triazanonane diamine trihydrochloride1,3-Dicyclohexylacetone 2-Hydroxy-1,3-diamino- N-[1,3-Dicyclohexyl-2-propyl]- Melts 200.degree. C. with propane 2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane ening from 147.degree. C. dihydrochloride1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone 1,3-Diaminopropane N-[1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentyl]- 245.degree. - 250.degree. C. trimethylenediamine dihydro- chloride1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone 2-Hydroxy-1,3-diamino- 1-Amino-3-[(1,5-dicyclohexyl)- 250.degree. - 252.degree. C. propane 3-pentylamino]-2-propanol dihydrochloride1,7-Dicyclohexyl-4-heptanone Iminobispropylamine 1-(1,7-Dicyclohexyl-4-heptyl)- 260.degree. - 261.degree. C. 1,5,9-triazanonane trihydro- chloride1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone Iminobispropylamine 1-(1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentyl)- Dec. 224.degree. - 228.degree. C. to 1,5,9-triazanonane trihydro- pulp; 242.degree. - 246.degree . C. to chloride liquid1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone Triethylenetetramine 1-(1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentyl)- 1,4,7,10-tetraazadecane__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of 1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclohexen-1-yl)-3-pentyl]-1,5,9-triazanonane
1,5-(4-isopropylcyclohexen-yl)-3-pentanone, (6.60 g., 0.02 mole) and 3,3'-iminobispropylamine (13.1 g., 0.10 mole) in 150 ml. of toluene is heated at reflux overnight with a Dean-Stark water separator. The toluene is then removed under vacuum. The residual oil dissolved in 25 ml. isopropanol is added dropwise to sodium borohydride (1.90 g., 0.05 mole, excess) suspended in 50 ml. isopropanol. After complete addition, the reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 1 hour. The isopropanol is evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue treated with water and the aqueous mixture extracted well with ether. The combined ether extracts are back-washed with water, a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to leave the polyamine product as a clear oil 7.4 g. (90%).
The oil is dissolved in ether and the solution cooled in an ice-water bath. Hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled into the solution until no further precipitate is formed. The solid is collected by filtration, washed with a small amount of ether, and dried under vacuum to leave the polyamine trihydrochloride as a colorless product (96%), m.p. 256.degree.-257.degree. C.
In an analogous manner using the ketones and the amines set forth below the following compounds of this invention are prepared.
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________Ketone Amine Product Melting__________________________________________________________________________ Point1,7-Di-(cyclohex-3-enyl)-4- Iminobispropylamine 1-[1,7-Di-(cyclohex-3-enyl)- 222.degree. - 223.degree. C.heptanone 4-heptyl]-1,5,9-triazanonane trihydrochloride2,8-Di-(4-methylcyclohex- Iminobispropylamine 1-[2,8-Di-(4-methylcyclohex- 269.degree. - 271.degree. C.3-enyl)-5-nonanone 3-enyl)-5-nonyl]-1,5,9- triazanonane trihydrochloride1,5-Di-[4-(isopropyl)cyclo- Triethylenetetramine 1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclo- 229.degree. - 230.degree. C.hex-1-enyl]-3-pentanone hex-1-enyl)-3-pentyl]-1,4,7, 10-tetrazadecane tetrahydro- chloride2,8-Di-(4-methylcyclohex-3- Tris-(3-aminopropyl)- 1-[2,8-Di-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)-5-nonanone amine enyl)-5-nonyl]-5-(3-aminopropyl)- 1,5,9-triazanonane1,7-Di(cyclohex-3-enyl)-4- 1,4-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)- 1-(3-Aminopropyl)-4-3-[1,7-di-heptanone piperazine (cyclohexen-3-yl)-4-heptylamino] propyl piperazine1,7-Di(cyclohex-3-enyl)-4- 1,4-Di-(3-aminopropyl)- A mixture of 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-heptanone piperidine [3-[ 1,7-di-(cyclohexen-3-yl-4- heptylamino]propyl]piperidine and 1-[3-[1,7-di-(cyclohexen-3-yl-4- heptylamino]propyl]-4-(3-amino- propyl-piperidine1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclo- N,N'-bis-(2-aminoethyl)- 1-[1,5-Di(4-isopropylcyclohexenyl)-hexenyl)-3-pentanone 1,3-propanediamine 3-pentyl]-1,4,8,11-tetrazaundecane__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 3
1-[1,7-Di-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-4-heptyl]-1,4,8-triazaoctane
A mixture of 1,7-di-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)-4-heptanone (0.03 mole) and 1,2-diaminoethane (12.0 g., 0.20 mole) in 250 ml. ethanol is heated at reflux overnight. The cooled reaction mixture is hydrogenated with PtO.sub.2 at room temperature and 40 psi hydrogen pressure. The platinum catalyst is filtered off and the ethanol removed under reduced pressure. The residual oil is dissolved in ether and the ether solution washed several times with water to remove the excess diaminoethane. The ether extracts are dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to leave a colorless oil, 11.2 g. (100%).
The oil is dissolved in 20 ml. tert-butanol and chilled to 0.degree.-5.degree. C. in an ice-water bath. Acrylonitrile (1.75 g., 2.2 ml., 0.033 mole) is added dropwise over a 5-minute period. The reaction mixture is allowed to warm up to room temperature and is then heated at 60.degree. C. overnight. The t-butanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residual oil was dissolved in 150 ml. glacial acetic acid and hydrogenated with PtO.sub.2 at room temperature and 40 psi hydrogen pressure. The platinum catalyst is filtered off and the acetic acid removed under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in ether and made basic with 10% sodium hydroxide. The ether solution is washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to leave the product.
In addition, the compounds of this invention set forth below are prepared by the reactions set forth in the previous examples.
1-[1,9-Dicyclohexyl-5-nonyl]-1,5,8,12-tetrazadodecane from N,N'-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-1,2-ethanediamine and 1,9-dicyclohexyl-5-nonanone;
1-[1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentyl]-10-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazadecane from 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazadecane and 1,5-dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone;
1-[1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentyl]-4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4,7-triazaheptane from tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine and 1,5-dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone;
1-[1,5-Dicyclohexyl-3-pentyl]-5-(2-hydroxypropyl)-9-hydroxymethyl-1,5,9-triazanonane from 1-hydroxymethyl-5-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,5,9-triazanonane and 1,5-dicyclohexyl-3-pentanone;
EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of 1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentyl]-5-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,5,9-triazanonane
1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentanone (6.7 g., 0.02 mole) and 3,3'-(2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)bispropylamine (20.5 g., 0.10 mole), obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of dicyanoethylated glycerylamine) in 150 ml. of toluene is heated at reflux overnight with a Dean-Stark water separator. The cooled solution is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is dissolved in ethanol and hydrogenated with PtO.sub.2 at room temperature and 40 psi hydrogen pressure. The platinum catalyst is filtered off and the ethanol removed under vacuum. The residual oil is dissolved in ether and the ether solution washed several times with water to remove the excess 3,3'-(2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)bispropylamine. The ether extracts are dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to leave the polyamine product as an oil.
In a like manner and using analogous quantities, but employing N,N-di-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)trimethylenediamine and 5,9,9-tri-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,5,9-triazanonane instead of 3,3'-(2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)bispropylamine there are prepared respectively N-[1,5-di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentyl]-N'-di-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)trimethylenediamine, and 1-[1,5-di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentyl]-5-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) 9-di-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,5,9-triazanonane.
EXAMPLE 5
Preparation of 1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentyl]-5-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-9-(1,3-dihydroxyl-2-propyl)-1,5,9-triazanonane
1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentyl]-5-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,5,9-triazanonane (5.2 g., 0.01 mole) and 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (9 g., 0.1 mole) in 100 ml. of chloroform was heated at reflux with a water separator connected until 1.8 ml. of water was collected (8-12 hours). The chloroform and excess 1,3-dihydroxyacetone were removed by distillation under reduced pressure. The residual oil was taken up in 75 ml. of ethanol, mixed with 1 gm. of platinum oxide and hydrogenated at 40 psi hydrogen pressure with shaking at room temperature. The catalyst was removed by filtration and ethyl alcohol by distillation to leave an oil. The product could be purified by column chromatography using silica gel and development with methyl alcohol containing ammonium hydroxide.
In an analogous manner but starting with 1,7-di-(2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl-4-heptyl)ethylenediamine, instead of 1-[1,5-di-(4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-3-pentyl]-1,5,9-triazanonane there is obtained N-[1,7-di-(2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)-4-heptyl]-N'-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propyl)ethylenediamine.
EXAMPLE 6
1-[1,7-Di-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-4-heptyl]-4,8,8-tri-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,4,8-triazaoctane
1-[1,7-Di-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-4-heptyl]-1,4,8-triazaoctane (4.1 g., 0.01 mole) was dissolved in 50 ml. of methanol and heated under reflux with agitation. Glycidol (15 g., 0.2 mole) was added dropwise over a period of 1.5 - 2 hours. After complete addition, the reaction mixture was stirred an additional 2 hours at 90.degree.-100.degree. C. The methyl alcohol was removed by stripping under reduced pressure and excess glycidol by distillation at 1 mm pressure. The residue could be further purified by conversion to the trihydrochloride salt in ethyl alcohol with dry hydrogen chloride and fractional crystallization. The free base may then be liberated from its salt by resin ion exchange or neutralization with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
In an analogous manner using the following dicyclohexyl polyamines, there are obtained the following products.
______________________________________Dicyclohexyl Polyamine Product______________________________________1-[ 1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclo- 1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclo-hexyl-3-pentyl]-3,7-di- hexyl)-3-pentyl]-3,7-di-hydroxy-1,5,9-triazanonane hydroxy-5-(2,3-dihydroxy- propyl)-9,9-di-(2,3-dihydroxy- propyl)-1,5,9-triazanonane1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclo- 1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclo-hexyl)-3-pentyl]-1,4,7- hexyl)-3-pentyl]-4-(2,3-di-triazaheptane hydroxypropyl)-7,7-di-(2,3- dihydroxypropyl)-1,4,7- triazaheptane1-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclo- N-[1,5-Di-(4-isopropylcyclo-hexyl)-3-pentyl]ethylene- hexyl)-3-pentyl]-N',N'-di-(2,3-diamine dihydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine______________________________________
Also each of the respective ketones IV set forth in Preparations C and D when reacted with each of the individual amines set forth at page 12, lines 24-30 and page 13, lines 1-11, firstly, according to the method set forth in Example 1, and then second according to Example 2 produce the entire range of compounds described according to this invention as embodied in Formula I.

Number	Name	Date
2180344	Blicke	Nov 1939
2483434	Rieveschl, Jr.	Oct 1949
3064052	Goldberg et al.	Nov 1962
3189613	Cyba	Jun 1965
3197510	Cyba	Jul 1965
3466162	Gloor et al.	Sep 1969
3729564	Chang et al.	Apr 1973
3862330	Johnson et al.	Jan 1975
3874869	Koppensteiner et al.	Apr 1975
3912816	Hofman et al.	Oct 1975

Number	Date	Country
874,47R	Nov 1970	JA
844,827	Aug 1960	UK

Alicyclic alkylene polyamine microorganism and algae growth inhibitors

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

Agents

CPC

US Classifications

Field of Search

US

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

US Referenced Citations (10)

Foreign Referenced Citations (2)

Non-Patent Literature Citations (4)

Continuation in Parts (1)

Entry
Industrial Organic Nitrogen Compounds, Astle, Reinhold Publ. Corp., N.Y., (1961), pp. 10-11.
American Cyanamid, CA 57:P16398g, (1962).
Short et al., CA 59:8609f, (1963).
Maggioni et al., CA 58:P5698d, (1963).