Alicyclic ketone and alcohol derivatives

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There is considerable demand for materials which are useful in modifying, enhancing, or improving the organoleptic properties of consumable products. The natural oils which traditionally have been used for this purpose suffer the disadvantages of limited supply, high cost, and variable quality. Accordingly, the search for synthetic compounds which can function as partial or total replacements for essential oils or which can be used to create new flavor and fragrance materials has intensified.
Various substituted cyclohexane derivatives having useful organoleptic properties are known. For example, Arctander, Perfume and Flavor Chemicals, Vols. 1 and 2, (1969) Montclair, N.J. (United States) describes the following compounds and their use in perfume and flavor compositions:
(1) "166: para-tertiary-AMYLCYCLOHEXANONE ##STR4## Very powerful, diffusive, woody-camphoraceous odor, slightly earthy, yet with some resemblance to Orris root, overall very dry."
(2) "1749: 1-HYDROXY 2-METHYL-4-tertiary-AMYLCYCLOHEXANE ##STR5## Woody-rootlike, dry-sweet and very tenacious odor with resemblance to Vetiver, Cedar and Amyris."
(3) "2061: METHYL-2-iso-HEXYL-4-CYCLOHEXANONE-1 ##STR6## Warm, mild, but tenacious musky-orrislike odor. The camphoraceous notes so often encountered in cyclohexanone derivatives, are pleasantly subdued and generally accepted as Orris-like rather than Camphor-like."
(4) "3001: 1,1,3-TRIMETHYL-2-CYCLOHEXANONE-4 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one ##STR7## Powerful and rather pungent, but in dilution pleasant, warm-herbaceous and minty-camphoraceous odor, reminiscent of Tansy oil or Dalmation Sage oil."
In addition, Chemical Abstracts, 89, 197052 k (Japanese Pat. No. 78 895,942) discloses preparation of the compound having the structure: ##STR8## Finally, Chemical Abstracts, 68, 39828 e (L. M. Shulov, et al., Zh. Org. Khim, 3,1819 (1967) discloses preparation of the bicyclic derivative having the structure: ##STR9## This compound is described as having the fragrance of fresh greens.
Although the preceding compounds are known, no description of the compounds of this invention and no prediction of the compounds or of their advantageous organoleptic properties is known in the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Novel compounds, having the structure: ##STR10## wherein the dotted line represents either a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond; wherein Z is either ##STR11## and wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, are useful as odor-modifying ingredients in perfumes and perfumed products and as flavor-modifying ingredients in foodstuffs and tobacco products.
The compounds may be prepared by treating substituted phenols having the structure: ##STR12## with isoprene or 3-methyl-3-buten-2-ol to form prenylated phenols having the structure: ##STR13## and converting the prenylated phenols to the compounds of this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
New flavors, flavoring compositions, perfumes, perfumed articles, and tobacco products can be produced by including therein effective amounts of one or more novel alicyclic ketone or alcohol derivative having the structural formula: ##STR14## wherein the dotted line represents a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond; wherein Z is either ##STR15## and wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, that is, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, particularly, methyl or ethyl. The compounds of this invention can exist in several stereoisomeric forms. Therefore, the structural formulae used herein are intended to embrace the individual stereoisomers as well as mixtures thereof.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, compounds I may be produced from substituted phenols having the structure ##STR16## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are as defined for compounds I. Treatment of phenols II with either isoprene or 3-methyl-3-buten-2-ol in the presence of a mineral acid according to known methodology (see, for example, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 80, 3073 (1958) and Chemical Abstracts, 50, 1654 (1956) results in formation of prenylated phenols having the structure: ##STR17## Phenols III may also be prepared by a modification of the method of Dewhirst and Rust (J. Org. Chem., 28, 798 (1963)) which involves reacting isoprene with phenols II in the presence of a catalytic quantity of the corresponding aluminum phenoxide.
Conversion of prenylated phenols III to compounds I may be accomplished by the routes outlined in Schemes A and B. Thus, as shown in Scheme A, compounds I may be prepared by hydrogenation of III in the presence of a metal catalyst such as palladium on carbon, or Raney nickel. In this reaction, solvents such as lower alcohols, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof can be employed at temperatures ranging from about 25.degree. to about 300.degree. C., and at variable pressures, the exact conditions depending upon the product desired. For example, hydrogenation of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol in the presence of palladium on carbon at temperatures in the range from about 150.degree. to 200.degree. C. and at pressures from about 200 to 300 psig results in formation of cyclohexanone V (wherein R.sub.1 =R.sub.2 =CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 =R.sub.4 =H) which is useful in perfume and flavor compositions.
Alternatively, 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol may be reduced to alcohol IV (wherein R.sub.1 =R.sub.2 =CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 =R.sub.4 =H) in acetic acid with platinum oxide at temperatures from about 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. and pressures from about 200 to 300 psig. The resulting alcohol also possesses interesting organoleptic properties. ##STR18##
In addition, alcohol IV may be oxidized with a suitable oxidizing agent such as "Jones" reagent, pyridinium chlorochromate, or sodium dichromate--sulfuric acid according to known methods to form the corresponding ketone V. (See H. O. House, Modern Synthetic Reactions, 2nd ed., W. A. Benjamin, Inc., p. 257, (1972)).
Ketone V may be converted to alcohol VI by reacting the ketone with an organometallic derivative such as a Grignard reagent (e.g. R.sub.5 MgX) or an organolithium compound (e.g. R.sub.5 Li) wherein R.sub.5 is lower alkyl, that is, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl. This reaction is desirably carried out with a stoichiometric quantity of the organolithium reagent or with excess (2 or 3 equivalents) Grignard reagent. The reaction is preferably carried out in a suitable solvent such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, and at temperatures in the range from about -10.degree. to 50.degree. C. Hydrolysis of the resulting organometallic adduct is accomplished with ice-cold dilute mineral acid, or preferably, with saturated ammonium chloride solution, and results in formation of alcohol VI. After recovery and purification, alcohol VI may be utilized in perfume or flavor compositions.
In a further embodiment of the invention outlined in Scheme B, the phenolic hydroxyl group in compound III may be converted by etherification to methyl ether VII. This transformation may be effected by known techniques. (See J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, p. 357, (1977)). For example, the phenol may be treated with an alkali metal hydroxide such as aqueous sodium hydroxide, followed by alkylation with dimethyl sulfate at a temperature from about 25.degree. to 80.degree. C.
If desired, reduction of the olefinic bond in ether VII may be carried out with hydrogen gas in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst such as 5% palladium on carbon or Raney nickel. This reaction, which is preferably carried out in a Parr reaction vessel at a pressure from about 20 to 80 psig results in production of saturated aromatic ether VIII. Ether VIII may then be converted to enone IX by subjecting the ether to dissolving metal reduction involving treatment with an alkali metal, such as lithium or sodium, in a mixed solvent system containing ammonia or a lower alkyl amine (e.g. CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2), an ether such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, and a lower alcohol. Desirably, the reaction is carried out with excess sodium (5 to 10 equivalents) in liquid ammonia containing tetrahydrofuran and t-butyl alcohol; the ratio of ammonia:tetrahydrofuran:t-butyl alcohol being 2:2:1. This results in production of an enol ether having the structure: ##STR19## which is purified by chromatography. The so-formed enol ether can be hydrolyzed in the presence of an aqueous mineral acid (e.g. HCl) containing a cosolvent such as acetone or tetrahydrofuran at room temperature to produce enone IX which has valuable organoleptic properties.
Reduction of the carbonyl in compound IX with a suitable metal hydride such as diisobutylaluminum hydride or lithium aluminum hydride yields alcohol X wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen. Alcohol X is also useful in perfume or flavor compositions.
Alternatively, the enone IX may be reacted with an appropriate organometallic reagent (e.g. R.sub.5 MgX where R.sub.5 is lower alkyl) under conditions similar to those described above for ketone V; this leads to formation of alcohol X wherein R.sub.5 is lower alkyl.
Recovery and purification of the various final products of the present invention is achieved by conventional techniques including extraction, distillation, crystallization, preparative chromatographic separation and the like.
The alicyclic ketones and alcohols of this invention possess distinctive balsamic, woody, sweet, rooty, musty, earthy, leathery, citrus-like, herbaceous odors, and are useful in fine fragrances and in perfumed products such as soaps, detergents, deodorants, cosmetic preparations and the like.
One or more of the alicyclic ketones and alcohols and conventional fragrance ingredients, for example, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, esters and essential oils, may be admixed in varying quantities to produce desired fragrances. In this manner, perfume compositions may be prepared which are carefully balanced, harmonious blends and which include essential oils, aroma chemicals, resinoids and other extracts of natural odorous materials, each ingredient imparting a characteristic effect to the total composition. In such compositions, one or more of the alicyclic ketones or alcohols of the invention can be employed to impart uniques characteristics.
Such compositions may contain up to about 80 percent by weight of at least one alicyclic ketone or alcohol of this invention. Ordinarily, at least about 0.001 percent by weight of alicyclic ketone or alcohol is required to impart significant odor characteristics. Amounts in the range of from about 1 to about 60 percent by weight are preferred. The alicyclic ketones and alcohols of this invention may be formulated into concentrates containing from about 1 to about 60 percent by weight in an appropriate solvent. Such concentrates may then be employed to fomulate such products as colognes, soaps, etc., wherein the final concentration of the compound or compounds can vary from about 0.001 to about 7 percent by weight, depending upon the final product. For example, the concentration will be about 0.001 to about 0.1 percent by weight in detergents, and about 0.01 to about 7 percent by weight in perfumes and colognes.
The alicyclic ketones and alcohols of this invention are useful as olfactory components in detergents and soaps; space odorants and deodorants; perfumes; colognes; toilet water; bath preparations such as bath oils and bath solids; hair preparations such as lacquers, brilliantines, pomades and shampoos; cosmetic preparations such as creams, deodorants, hand lotions and sunscreens; and powders such as talcs, dusting powders and face powders.
The alicyclic ketones and alcohols of this invention have also been found useful in altering the flavor component or components of flavor compositions. Thus, the compounds are effective in imparting a certain natural character to artificial flavors. They also can be employed to modify the organoleptic properties of consumables such as chewing gums, beverages, pharmaceutical preparations, fruit juices, and the like.
The specific flavoring properties of the alicyclic ketones and alcohols of this invention depend upon the type of product to which they are added. In general, they develop woody, earthy, minty, fruity, citrus-like flavor notes or combinations thereof. Therefore, they can be employed advantageously in certain citrus products such as orange oil to round off the taste and in pineapple flavors to enhance the taste and aroma.
In flavor compositions, the concentration of the alicyclic ketones and alcohols can also vary widely depending upon the organoleptic properties desired. Typically, interesting flavor effects can be obtained with concentrations from about 0.001 to about 1 percent by weight of the compound or compounds in the final flavor composition. In some situations, higher concentrations are required to produce special flavoring effects. For example, in artificial flavor compositions, one or more compounds may be incorporated in amounts such that the total is 20 percent by weight or higher.
One or more of the alicyclic ketones or alcohols of this invention may also be added to smoking tobacco or synthetic tobacco where they impart woody, amber-like, and cedarwood notes to the tobacco aroma. In tobacco compositions, the concentrations are preferably between about 1 and about 100 ppm, although in certain situations, higher levels may be usefully employed.
The following examples are set forth to illustrate preferred methods of synthesizing the compounds of this invention, and their use in flavor and fragrance compositions. Where appropriate, data including data from nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectra have been included to confirm that various compounds have in fact been prepared. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages are by weight. These examples are intended only to illustrate the preferred embodiments of this invention, and are in no way meant to limit its scope.

EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol ##STR20##
To a mixture of 2,6-dimethylphenol (122 g, 1 mol) and 85% phosphoric acid (60 mL) was added 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (103 g, 1.2 mol) with efficient stirring at 35.degree.-43.degree. C. during 1 h. After stirring for an additional 3.5 h at 25.degree. C., the mixture was quenched into ice and extracted with hexane. The combined hexane extracts were washed successively with 1 N sodium hydroxide (100 mL), 5% sodium bicarbonate (300 mL) and brine (200 mL). The organic layer was dried, the solvent evaporated, and the residue fractionated to yield 92 g of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol bp 108.degree.-111.degree. C. (1 mm). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.1.7 (6H, s), 2.2 (6H, s), 3.2 (2H, bd), 4.4 (1H, s, exchanged with D.sub.2 O), 5.3 (1H, m), 6.8 (2H, s). IR (film) 3500, 1225, 1150, 870 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 190 (M.sup.+), 175, 160, 135, 91.
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of 2,3,6-Trimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol ##STR21##
2,3,6-Trimethylphenol (68 g, 0.5 mol) and formic acid (100 mL) were combined and warmed to 50.degree.-55.degree. C. with vigorous agitation. To this mixture was added 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (47.3 g, 0.55 mol) dropwise over 0.25 h. The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 2 h at 50.degree. C., and then quenched into water (300 mL). The crude product was isolated by extraction with toluene (3.times.100 mL) followed by washing with water (200 mL), 5% sodium bicarbonate (2.times.100 mL), and brine (3.times.100 mL). Evaporation of the solvent and distillation afforded 61 g of the phenol, bp 145.degree.-150.degree. C. (2 mm). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.1.7 (6H, s), 2.2 (9H, s), 3.2 (2H, bd), 4.4 (1H, s, exchanged with D.sub.2 O), 5.2 (1H, m), 6.8 (1H, s). IR (film) 3700, 1460, 1200, 1090 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 204 (M.sup.+), 189, 174, 190, 136.
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol
The phenol was prepared by the method described in Example 2 except 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenol was used instead of the trimethylphenol. The phenol was recrystallized from hexane, mp 105.degree.-106.degree. C. NMR (CDCl.sub.3) 2.2 (12H, s), 2.7 (6H, 2 s), 3.3 (2H, d), 4.5 (1H, s, exchanged with D.sub.2 O). IR (CHCl.sub.3) 3590, 2700, 1440, 1200, 1090 cm.sup.-1. Ms (m/e) 218 (M.sup.+), 203, 188, 150, 135.
EXAMPLES 4-7
Hydrogenation of 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol ##STR22##
The data set forth in Table I show the results obtained upon hydrogenation of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol using several different catalysts and solvents.
TABLE I______________________________________Exam- Cata- Sol- Pressure Temp.ple lyst vent (psig) (.degree.C.) Result______________________________________4 PtO.sub.2 HOAc 200-300 50.degree. >95% alcohol B5 5% hexane 50-70 25.degree. 50% ketone A Rh/C 50% alcohol B6 5% neat 200-300 175.degree. 70% ketone A Pd/C 30% alcohol B7 5% neat 300 200.degree. 40% ketone A Pd/C 60% alcohol B______________________________________
The reaction conditions of Example 4 resulted in formation of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)cyclohexanol, bp 98.degree.-101.degree. C. (3 mm). GLC analysis of this alcohol shows it to be mainly (86%) one isomer. NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.8-1.1 (12H, m), 1.1-2.0 (13H, complex pattern), 3.5 (1H, bs). IR (film) 3450, 1160, 970, 935 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 198 (M.sup.+), 109, 71, 59, 85.
EXAMPLE 8
Preparation of 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)cyclohexanone ##STR23##
Jones reagent (150 mL) was added dropwise at room temperature to a solution of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)cyclohexanol (100 g. 0.5 mol, produced according to Example 4) in acetone (3,000 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and isopropanol added to decompose excess Jones reagent. The salts were removed by filtration and the solution concentrated on a rotary evaporator. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and washed successively with water (400 mL), 5% sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) and brine (200 mL). The organic layer was dried, the solvent evaporated, and the residue fractionated to yield 71 g of the ketone, bp 96.degree.-100.degree. C. (3 mm). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.8-1.1 (12H, m), 1.1-3.2 (12H, m). IR (film) 1725, 1140, 990 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 196 (M.sup.+), 69, 82, 97, 41.
EXAMPLE 9
Preparation of 1,2,6-Trimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)cyclohexanol ##STR24##
To a Grignard solution prepared from magnesium (14.5 g, 0.6 g-atom) and methyl iodide (85.2 g. 0.6 mol) in anhydrous ether (500 mL) was added 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) cyclohexanone (59 g, 0.3 mol, produced according to Example 8) over 1 h at 15.degree.-20.degree. C. The mixture was stirred for an additional 1 h and then quenched into saturated ammonium chloride solution. The layers were separated and the aqueous solution was extracted with ether. The combined extracts were washed with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, brine and then dried. Solvent removal and distillation gave 40 g of the alcohol, bp 92.degree. C. (1 mm). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.8-1.1 (12H, m), 1.1-2.2 (16H, complex pattern with a singlet at 1.2). IR (film) 3550, 1025, 920, 890 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e 212 (M.sup.+), 85, 43, 57, 86.
EXAMPLE 10
Preparation of 2,3,6-Trimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)cyclohexanol ##STR25##
A mixture of 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol (30 g, 0.15 mol), platinum oxide (3 g), and acetic acid (150 mL) was hydrogenated at 50.degree. C. and 200-300 psig until hydrogen uptake ceased. The mixture was filtered to remove the catalyst and the filtrate poured into water. The product was extracted with ethyl acetate and the extract washed successively with water, 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, and brine. The organic layer was dried, the solvent removed, and the residue fractionated to afford 17 g of the desired alcohol, bp 105.degree.-110.degree. C. (1 mm). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.7-2.2 (27H, complex pattern), 3.6 (1H, bs). IR (film) 3700, 1500, 1020, 970 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 212 (M.sup.+), 123, 35, 69, 95.
EXAMPLE 11
Hydrogenation of 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol ##STR26##
2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol (10 g, 0.046 mol, prepared according to Example 3), 5% palladium on carbon (1 g), and cyclohexane (20 mL) were mixed in an autoclave and heated to 160.degree. C. under 250-300 psig of hydrogen. When hydrogen uptake ceased, the mixture was cooled, an additional amount of 5% palladium on carbon (1 g) added, and hydrogenation continued until no more phenol was detected. The cooled reaction mixture was filtered, the solvent evaporated, and the residue distilled to yield 7 g of material, bp 92.degree. C. (0.5 mm). Spectral analysis (nmr, glc/ms, ir) of the distillate confirmed the presence of both ketone and alcohol in the hydrogenation product (20% and 80% respectively). ketone: MS (m/e) 224 (M+), 137, 83, 69, 85. alcohol: MS (m/e) 208 (M+-18), 137, 69, 83, 55.
EXAMPLE 12
Preparation of 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)anisole ##STR27##
A solution of dimethyl sulfate (100 g, 0.79 mol) and 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol (40 g, 0.21 mol) was added over 0.5 h at 30.degree.-50.degree. C. to a solution of sodium hydroxide (50 g, 1.25 mol) in water (50 mL) containing Adogen 464 (6 g). The reaction mixture was agitated overnight followed by addition of water (200 mL).
The product was isolated by extraction with toluene (2.times.150 mL), and the combined extracts washed with water. The solvent was evaporated and the residue distilled to afford 33.5 g of the desired ether, bp 109.degree.-110.degree. (3 mm). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.1.7 (6H, s), 2.1 (6H, s), 3.2 (2H, d), 3.7 (3H, s), 5.3 (1H, m), 6.8 (2H, s). IR (film) 1225, 1150, 1050, 870 cm.sup.-1. MS (M/e) 204 (M.sup.+), 189, 173, 91.
A solution of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)anisole (10 g, 0.05 mol) in isopropanol (20 mL), together with 5% palladium on carbon (0.1 g) was hydrogenated in a Parr apparatus until the theoretical amount of hydrogen had been consumed. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent evaporated to give a clear residue which was fractionated to afford 7.1 g of the desired product, bp 102.degree.-105.degree. C. (2 mm). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.9 (6H, d), 1.1-2.0 (3H, m), 2.2 (6H, s), 2.5 (2H, t), 3.7 (3H, s), 6.85 (2H, s). IR (film) 3000, 1225, 1025, 870 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 206 (M.sup.+), 149, 150, 135, 191.
EXAMPLE 13
Preparation of 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one ##STR28##
A solution of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)anisole (8.5 g, 0.042 mol, prepared according to Example 12), in a mixture of t-butyl alcohol (180 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (180 mL) was added with efficient stirring to ammonia at -30.degree. C. To the resulting solution was added sodium metal (15 g, 0.65 g-atom) in small portions over 1 h. The mixture was stirred for an additional 3 h at -30.degree. C. followed by cautious addition of methanol (100 mL). The ammonia was allowed to evaporate and water (500 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with hexane, washed with water, and dried. Solvent removal afforded 8.0 g of the enol ether. A small sample was purified by chromatography to obtain spectral data. NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.8-1.2 (9H, m), 1.2-3.0 (9H, complex pattern with broad singlet at 1.7), 3.6 (3H, s), 5.4 (1H, bs). IR (film) 1672, 1450 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 208 (M.sup. +), 137, 71, 43, 91.
The enol ether was added to a mixture of acetone (150 mL) and 6N HCl (16 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The acetone was removed on a rotary evaporator and residual liquid extracted with hexane. The combined hexane extracts were washed with 5% sodium bicarbonate and brine. The organic layer was dried, the solvent evaporated, and the crude enone purified by silica gel chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 90:10). The enone was a mixture of two isomers by glc (65:35). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.7-1.2 (6H, complex), 1.2-2.6 (12H, complex with singlet at 1.8), 6.6 (1H, bs). IR (film) 1690, 1490, 1050 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 194 (M.sup.+), 95, 82, 96, 109.
EXAMPLE 14
Preparation of 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol ##STR29##
A suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (0.5 g, 0.013 mol) in anhydrous diethyl ether (100 mL) was stirred at 10.degree. C. under nitrogen while 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one (5.8 g, 0.03 mol) in anhydrous ether (10 mL) was added over a period of 30 minutes. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours; then it was treated successively with water (0.5 mL), 15% NaOH solution (0.5 mL), and water (1.5 mL). The solution was filtered, dried and concentrated to give the crude alcohol. Short path distillation afforded 5.0 g of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol, bp 90.degree.-95.degree. C. (1 mm), as a mixture of isomers by glc/ms (65.5%, 28%, and 5.5%). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.0.9-1.6 (19H, complex), 1.8 (3H, bs), 3.6 (1H, m), 5.4 (1H, m). IR (film) 3300, 1040, 1010 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 196 (M.sup.+), 98, 82, 125, 107.
EXAMPLE 15
Preparation of 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol ##STR30##
A solution of 3,5-dimethylphenol (122 g, 1 mol) in dimethylacetamide (200 mL) was added over 2 h at 30.degree.-40.degree. C. to a slurry of 50% sodium hydride (60 g, 1.25 mol) in dimethylacetamide (1500 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50.degree. C. for an additional 2 h, cooled to 30.degree. C. and phenyl chloride (155 g, 1.5 mol) was added over 1 h. After stirring at 50.degree. C. overnight, the mixture was cooled and quenched into water (4,000 mL). The product was extracted with toluene (4.times.300 mL), and the combined extracts washed with brine. The solvent was evaporated and the residue fractionated to give 142 g of the prenyl ether, bp 106.degree.-110.degree. C. (3 mm). NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.1.8 (6H, bs), 2.3 (6H, s), 4.4 (2H, d), 5.5 (1H, m), 6.5 (3H, s). IR (film) 1600, 1290, 1050 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 190 (M.sup.+), 122, 107, 69, 41.
The prenyl ether (80 g, 0.42 mol) was heated in a nitrogen-purged autoclave for 24 h at 170.degree.-180.degree. C. The crude material obtained by this process was distilled to afford 67.8 g of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol, bp 115.degree.-120.degree. C. (0.5 mm). The phenol was recrystallized from hexane, mp 64.degree.-65.degree. C. NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta.1.6 (3H, bs), 1.8 (3H, bs), 2.2 (6H, s), 3.2 (2H, bs), 4.9 (1H, m), 5.3 (1H, exchanged with D.sub.2 O), 6.5 (2H, s). IR (CHCl.sub.3) 3350, 1590, 1210, 740 cm.sup.-1. MS (m/e) 190 (M.sup.+), 175, 134, 135, 160.
EXAMPLE 16
Hydrogenation of 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol ##STR31##
3,5-Dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol (25 g, 0.13 mol, prepared according to Example 15), 5% palladium on carbon (1.25 g) and sec-butyl alcohol (10 mL) were mixed in an autoclave and heated to 200.degree. C. under 250-300 psig of hydrogen. When the hydrogen uptake ceased, the mixture was cooled, an additional amount of 5% palladium on carbon (1.25 g), added and hydrogenation continued until no more phenol was detected. The cooled reaction mixture was filtered, the solvent evaporated ad the residue distilled to afford 19 g of material, bp 105.degree.-113.degree. C. (3 mm). Spectral analysis (nmr, ir, glc, ms) of the distillate confirmed the presence of both ketone and alcohol (39% and 61% respectively) in the hydrogenation product. ketone: MS (m/e) 196 (M.sup.+), 69, 41, 55, 57. alcohol: MS (m/e) 180 (M.sup.+- 18), 109, 43, 55, 57.
EXAMPLE 17
A perfume base was prepared by mixing the following:
______________________________________Component %______________________________________Isobutyl quinoline/1% in DEP 0.1Furfural/1% in DEP 0.1Geraniol 0.1Methyl nonyl ketone 0.1Cedrol 0.2Geranyl acetate 2.6Terpinyl acetate 4.0Dipropylene glycol 7.0Ionone residue 8.2Oil Copaiba 13.1Cedarwood acetate 13.2Oil Guaiacwood 16.32,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) 35.0cyclohexanol 100.0______________________________________
EXAMPLE 18
A perfume base was prepared by mixing the following:
______________________________________Component %______________________________________Oil Copaiba 1.0Benzyl cinnamate 2.0Oil Guaiacwood 2.5Cedrenyl acetate 5.0Oil Balsam gurjon 85.02,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) 4.5cyclohexanone 100.0______________________________________
EXAMPLE 19
A floral bouquet was prepared by mixing the following:
______________________________________Component %______________________________________Musk ketone 1.0Coumarin 1.0Methyl everninate 0.5Oakmoss absolute 0.5Geraniol 10.0Phenylethyl alcohol 16.0Citronellol 2.0Geranyl acetate 1.0Indole 10% 1.0Rose otto 3.0Rose oxide 10% 1.0Hydroxycitronellal 14.0Pentadecanolide 1.0Methyl dihydrojasmonate 10.0Hexyl cinnamic alcohol 10.0Benzyl acetate 1.0Oil Ylang extra 0.5Cinnamic alcohol 0.5Phenylethyl acetate 0.5Gamma undecalactone 10% 0.5Cyclamen aldehyde 0.5Ionons alpha 0.5Methylionone gamma 4.0Cedroxyde 4.0Acetyl cedrene 8.0Oil Bergamot rect. 3.02,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) 5.0cyclohexanone 100.0______________________________________
EXAMPLE 20
A violet fragrance composition was prepared by mixing the following:
______________________________________Component %______________________________________Musk ambrette 0.6Jasmin absolute 0.3Violet leaves absolute 0.1Heliotropin 1.0Methylionone 3.0Benzoin Siam 2.0Oil Cedarwood 20.0Oil Sandalwood 30.0Oil Orris Root 40.0Mixture of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) 3.0cyclohexanone and 3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) cyclohexanol (from processof Example 16) 100.0______________________________________
EXAMPLE 21
A fougere type perfume composition was prepared by mixing the following:
______________________________________Component %______________________________________Coumarin 5.0Musk ambrette 5.0Musk aldehyde FDO 5.0Methylionone gamma 4.0Isoamyl salicylate 4.0Oil Galbanum 0.5Delta decalactone (1% in DEP) 0.5Santol FDO 4.0Oil Patchouly 6.0Oakmoss absolute incolore 4.0Oil Neroli - Base 7.0Oil Geranium Maroc 10.0Phenylethyl alcohol 3.0Oil Bergamot 7.0Linalool synthetic 6.0Oil Lavender 50-52% 10.0Eugenol extra 2.0Isoeugenol 1.0Benzyl benzoate 4.02,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) 12.0cyclohexanol 100.0______________________________________
EXAMPLE 22
An oil vetiver substitute was prepared by mixing the following:
______________________________________Component %______________________________________Oil Patchouly 1.0Geraniol ex Palmarosa 1.0Ionone residue 3.0Oil Copaiba 12.0Cedryl acetate 13.0Oil Guaiacwood 16.0Oil Cedarwood 15.0Terpineol 5.0Oil Bois de Rose 9.0Mixture of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) 25.0cyclohexanone and 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) cyclohexanol (from processof Example 6) 100.0______________________________________
EXAMPLE 23
A jasmin fragrance was prepared by mixing the following:
______________________________________Component %______________________________________Gamma undecalactone 0.5p-Cresyl phenylacetate 0.5Ethyl cinnamate 0.9Oil Ylang extra 7.0Geranyl acetate 6.0Amylcinnamic aldehyde 5.0Linalool synthetic 10.0Benzyl acetate 20.0Phenylethyl alcohol 20.0Hydroxycitronellal 30.02,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)-2- 0.1cyclohexen-1-one 100.0______________________________________
EXAMPLE 24
Modified Orange Flavor
______________________________________Modified Orange FlavorComponent A (%) B (%) C (%)______________________________________Oil Orange 53.9 53.9 53.9Oil Lemon 10.0 10.0 10.01,1-Diethoxyethane 1.5 1.5 1.5Ethyl butyrate 3.2 3.2 3.2Allyl hexanoate 0.6 0.6 0.6Linalool 2.6 2.6 2.6Undecanol 2.4 2.4 2.4Benzyl alcohol 25.8 24.8 24.82,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) -- 1.0 --cyclohexanol2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) -- -- 1.0cyclohexanone 100.0 100.0 100.0______________________________________
The above formulations were added at a level of 20 ppm to a beverage medium consisting of sugar, acid, and water. In tests, compositions B and C were both preferred over the control flavor. The contribution of both 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) cyclohexanol and 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) cyclohexanone to the overall flavor character was attributed to the development of a "cooked" citrus quality in the final composition.
EXAMPLE 25
Pineapple Flavor Composition
______________________________________Pineapple Flavor CompositionComponent A (%) B (%) C (%)______________________________________Allyl cyclohexane propionate 1.4 1.4 1.4Geranyl propionate 0.5 0.5 0.5Allyl caproate 13.0 13.0 13.0Ethyl isovalarate 1.0 1.0 1.0Ethyl butyrate 1.0 1.0 1.0Vanillin 0.5 0.5 0.5Oil Orange 1.0 1.0 1.0Maltol 2.0 2.0 2.0Ethyl alcohol (95%) 48.5 47.5 47.5Propylene glycol 31.1 31.1 31.12,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) -- 1.0 --cyclohexanone2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) -- -- 1.0cyclohexanol 100.0 100.0 100.0______________________________________
The above pineapple flavor compositions were evaluated by a panel at a level of 30 ppm in a standard beverage medium consisting of sugar, acid, and water. Compositions B and C were both preferred over the control. There was a marked improvement in the overall flavor character resulting in a more natural flavor.
EXAMPLE 26
A chypre type perfume composition was prepared by mixing the following:
______________________________________Component %______________________________________Oil Angelica Root 0.5Castoreum absolute 0.5Oil Rose 1.0Civet absolute 1.0Oakmoss absolute 1.0Musk ambrette 2.0Labdanum resinoid 3.0Oil Ylang extra 5.0Benzyl acetate 6.0Oil Sandalwood 7.0Vanillin 6.0Benzyl alcohol 9.0Jasmin extract 12.0Coumarin 12.0Phenylethyl alcohol 12.0Oil Bergamot 20.02,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl) 2- 2.0cyclohexen-1-ol 100.0______________________________________
EXAMPLE 27
A 1% ethanol solution of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)cyclohexanone was sprayed on a typical smoking tobacco in an amount sufficient to provide a tobacco composition containing 20 ppm of the flavor additive on a dry basis. Cigarettes were prepared from the treated tobacco and evaluated by a panel. In the panel evaluation against control cigarettes the taste of flavored cigarettes was described as light and woody. The 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-methylbutyl)cyclohexanone increased the body and fullness of the tobacco flavor and enhanced the overall flavor character in the smoke.

Number	Name	Date
3268589	Rowland	Aug 1966
3927107	Schulte-Elte	Dec 1975
4130508	Light et al.	Dec 1978
4246292	Konst et al.	Jan 1981

Alicyclic ketone and alcohol derivatives

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