.alpha.,.delta.-Diaminoacid and its lactam

This invention relates to a new .alpha.,.delta.-diaminoacid hereinafter designated by the number 32232 RP, which probably corresponds to the formula: ##STR2## in the form of its internal salt, its addition salts with acids and its salts with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, and the corresponding lactam, hereinafter designated by the number 35391 RP, which probably corresponds to the formula: ##STR3## and its addition salts with acids, to processes for their preparation and compositions containing them.
32232 RP and 35391 RP are of particular interest because of their activity on fungi and yeasts. 32232 RP, in the form of the internal salt, is characterised by the following physical properties:
Appearance: white amorphous powder.
Solubility: easily soluble in water, very slightly soluble in methanol and in dimethylformamide and virtually insoluble in acetone (according to the French Pharmacopoeia).
Melting point: (determined on a Maquenne block) + 281.degree. C.
The structure of 32232 RP was determined on the basis of the following results:
Percentage composition: about C=48.0% H=5.8% O=21.0% N=25.2%: (theory: C=47.23% H=6.07% O=20.97% N=25.70%).
Osmometry: the molecular weight, determined by osmometry in water at 45.degree. C., is between 330 and 470.
Potentiometric titration: potentiometric titration of an aqueous solution of 32232 RP by means of 0.1M hydrochloric acid shows the presence of a basic group of which the apparent pK.sub.a is 8.1. The potentiometric equivalent is about 390.
The potentiometric titration of an aqueous solution of 32232 RP by means of 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution shows the presence of a weak acid group of which the apparent pKa is 9.8. The potentiometric equivalent is about 400.
The potentiometric titration of a solution of 32232 RP in acetic acid by means of 0.01M perchloric acid in acetic acid shows the presence of a basic equivalent of about 130. For a molecular weight of 390 this value is compatible with the presence of 3 basic groups per molecule.
Ultra-violet spectrum: determined using a solution of 10.35 mg./l. in a phosphate buffer at pH 7 (0.1 M in respect of phosphate ions).
32232 Rp shows an absorption maximum at 258 nm (E.sub.1 cm.sup.1% = 365).
The spectrum is shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Infra-red spectrum: (determined on tablets of a mixture with KBr).
This spectrum is shown in FIG. 2, in which the abscissae give the wavelengths expressed in microns (upper scale) and the wave numbers in cm.sup.-1 (lower scale), and the ordinate gives the optical density.
The principal infra-red absorption bands of 32232 RP, expressed in wave numbers (cm.sup.-1), are given in Table I which follows:
TABLE I______________________________________3420 vs 1640 vs 1300 m 825 m3350 sh 1595 s 1245 m 795 m3270 sh 1570 s 1205 m 760 sh3180 s 1505 w 1170 w 720 m3090 sh 1475 m 1125 m 665 sh2930 m 1455 sh 1080 m 645 m2870 sh 1415 m 1040 m 575 sh2700 sh 1400 sh 1010 sh 535 m2340 sh (CO.sub.2) 1370 w 900 vw 440 sh2100 vw 1330 m 845 sh______________________________________ vs = very strong w = weak s = strong vw = very weak m = medium sh = shoulder
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the proton in heavy water: This spectrum, which is shown in FIG. 3, was recorded on a CAMECA TSN-250 spectrometer at a frequency of 250 MHz, using a solution of 50 mg/cc in heavy water. It exhibits the following characteristics (the chemical shifts are counted positively in p.p.m. towards the weak fields, relative to TMS used as an external standard):
______________________________________Chemical shift Form of the signal; coupling constantin p.p.m. (J) and number of protons______________________________________1.6 to 2.0 multiplet (4 H)2.0 to 2.2 multiplet (2 H)3.36 multiplet (1 H)3.64 multiplet (1 H)4.30 multiplet (2 H)4.72 double doublet, J = 4 Hz and 4 Hz (1 H)5.96 doublet, J = 4 Hz (1 H)7.98 singlet (1 H)8.16 singlet (1 H)______________________________________
According to this spectrum, the antibiotic agent 32232 RP contains 14 non-exchangeable protons.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the proton in hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide: This spectrum, which is shown in FIG. 4, was recorded on a CAMECA TSN-250 spectrometer at a frequency of 250 MHz using a solution of 44 mg/cc in hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide. It exhibits the following characteristics (the chemical shifts are counted positively in p.p.m. towards the weak fields, relative to TMS used as an external standard):
______________________________________Chemical shift Form of the signal; coupling constantin p.p.m. (J) and number of protons______________________________________ 1.3 to 2.05 hump (6H)2.52 quintuplet2.82 hump (1H)3.24 hump (1H)4.09 hump (2H)4.2 to 5.4 hump (13 H)4.64 multiplet5.88 doublet, J = 4.5 Hz (1H)7.37 hump (2 H)8.18 singlet (1 H)8.34 singlet (1 H)______________________________________
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of .sup.13 C in heavy water: These spectra, which were recorded on a CAMECA TSN-250 spectrometer at a frequency of 62.86 MHz, using a solution in heavy water containing a trace of dioxan used as an internal standard, exhibit the characteristics which are summarised in the following Table (the chemical shifts are counted positively towards the weak fields from TMS; dioxan, used as an internal standard, shows, in the completely uncoupled spectrum, a singlet recorded at 66.59 ppm. relative to TMS):
______________________________________Chemical shift Form of the signal and couplingin p.p.m. relative constant .sup.1 J.sub.13.sbsb.C-H in theto TMS non-uncoupled spectrum______________________________________28.2 triplet, J = 115.5 Hz30.1 triplet, J = 114.4 Hz36.7 triplet, J = 126.6 Hz48.4 doublet, J = 143.4 Hz55.0 doublet, J = 143.4 Hz66.59 dioxan73.3 doublet, J = 149.5 Hz73.5 doublet, J = 151.0 Hz80.3 doublet, J = 149.5 Hz88.3 doublet, J = 167.9 Hz118.3 singlet139.7 doublet, J = 215 Hz148.0 singlet152.3 doublet, J = 203 Hz154.8 singlet177.1 singlet______________________________________
.sup.13 C Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum in hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide: This spectrum was recorded on a WH 90 Bruker spectrometer at a frequency of 22.63 MHz using a solution of 133 mg/cc in hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide. It exhibits the following characteristics (the chemical shifts are measured positively towards the weak fields relative to the hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide taken as the internal standard at 39.5 p.p.m. from TMS, and expressed in p.p.m. relative to TMS taken as zero):
______________________________________Chemical shiftin p.p.m. relative Form of the signal in the spectrumto TMS recorded in off-resonance______________________________________28.3 triplet32.7 tripletabout 39.5 signal masked by hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide47.8 doublet54.2 doublet73.2 doublet73.6 doublet80.7 doublet87.8 doublet118.8 singlet139.5 doublet148.9 singlet152.3 doublet155.6 singlet172.1 singlet______________________________________
According to these spectra, the anti-fungal agent 32232 RP contains 15 carbon atoms which can be sub-divided into 4 quaternary carbon atoms, 8 tertiary carbon atoms (CH) and 3 secondary carbon atoms (CH.sub.2).
Methanolysis in the presence of hydrogen chloride: The methanolysis of 32232 RP in the presence of hydrogen chloride shows the presence of adenine in the molecule of 32232 RP.
Chromatographic migrations: 32232 RP can be characterised by ascending chromatography on a thin layer of fluorescent silica gel (254 nm) using various mixtures of solvents. After development, the chromatograph is examined at 254 nm or is developed by spraying with ninhydrin in a mixture of acetone (20 cc) and acetic acid (1 cc); after heating, 32232 Rp gives a mauve colour. The development mixtures are:
Methanol/1,2-dichloroethane/11 N ammonia (60:30:10 by volume): Rf= 0.20.
n-propanol/methanol/water/11 N ammonia/acetic acid (30:30:20:5:15 by volume): Rf= 0.35.
n-butanol/acetone/water/acetic acid/11 N ammonia (35:25:21:15:4 by volume)i Rf= 0.25.
n-butanol/methanol/water/11 N ammonia (50:25:25:5 by volume): Rf= 0.25.
Fixing on carriers:
32232 RP can be fixed on various carriers from which it can be eluted:
______________________________________Carrier Eluant______________________________________cationic resin (for sodium hydroxide solutionexample in the Na.sup.+ form) (pH 11) at a temperature of between 20.degree. and 100.degree. C.anionic resin (in the methanol/water (90:10 byOH.sup.- form) : for example volume) with the additionDowex 1 .times. 2 resin (in of 2% of 12N HClthe OH.sup.- form)adsorbent resin (for water or methanol/waterexample Amberlite XAD.sub.2) (10:90 by volume)______________________________________
The lactam 35391 RP exhibits the following physical properties:
Appearance: white microcrystalline powder.
Solubility: 35391 RP is soluble in water at the rate of about 10 mg/cc.
The structure of 35391 RP was determined from the following results:
Percentage composition approximately
C=49.6%: H=5.8%: O=17.6%: N=27.0%: theory=C=49.58%: H=5.82%: O=17.61%: N=26.98%.
Potentiometric titration: The potentiometric titration of an aqueous solution of 35391 RP by means of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid shows the presence of a basic group of which the apparent pKa is 7.7. The potentiometric equivalent is about 370.
Ultra-violet spectrum: determined using a solution containing 9.8 mg./1. in a phosphate buffer of pH 7 (0.1 M in respect of phosphate ions).
35391 RP shows an absorption maximum at 258 nm (E.sub.1 cm.sup. 1% =409).
The spectrum is shown in FIG. 5.
Infra-red spectrum: (determined on tablets of a mixture with KBr).
This spectrum is shown in FIG. 6, in which the abscissae give the wavelengths expressed in microns (upper scale) and the wave numbers in cm.sup.-1 (lower scale), and the ordinate gives the optical density.
The principal infra-red absorption bands of 35391 RP, expressed in wave numbers (cm.sup.-1) are given in Table II which follows:
TABLE II______________________________________3620 s 1645 sh 1210 m 778 sh3420 s 1618 w 1200 sh 732 sh3380 s 1600 s 1172 sh 720 m3330 sh 1575 s 1170 m 705 sh3310 m 1558 m 1138 s 675 sh3250 sh 1505 m 1130 sh 662 m3180 s 1488 sh 1125 sh 648 s3150 m 1482 s 1105 sh 640 sh3100 m 1472 sh 1095 s 615 vw3080 sh 1460 m 1080 s 590 m2980 m 1445 m 1060 sh 578 w2960 m 1430 m 1040 m 560 m2930 m 1418 m 1015 s 550 m2880 m 1402 w 1010 sh 540 sh2850 sh 1388 m 990 w 520 m2680 m 1370 w 980 sh 462 m2595 w 1360 m 968 m 455 sh2550 sh 1352 m 962 sh 430 w2370 sh 1340 sh 905 s 400 m2070 vw 1328 s 900 sh 372 vw1925 vw 1315 sh 862 vw 360 w1810 w 1308 m 840 sh 325 sh1740 sh 1298 sh 835 s 320 m1670 s 1285 sh 825 sh 295 m1655 vs 1230 m 795 s______________________________________ vs = very strong s = strong m = medium w = weak vw = very weak sh = shoulder
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the proton in hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide: This spectrum, which is shown in FIG. 7, was recorded on a CAMECA TSN-250 spectrometer at a frequency of 250 MHz, using a solution of 44 mg/cc in hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide. It exhibits the following characteristics (the chemical shifts are counted positively in p.p.m. towards the weak fields, relative to TMS taken as the internal standard).
______________________________________Chemical shiftin p.p.m. relative Form of the signal, couplingto TMS constant (J) and number of protons______________________________________1.3 to 2.05 multiplet (6H)2.52 quintuplet3.05 multiplet (1H)3.3 to 3.5 hump (5H)4.0 to 4.15 multiplet (2H)4.68 triplet, J = 4.8 Hz (1H)5.32 broad singlet (1H)5.56 broad singlet (1H)5.88 doublet, J = 4.8 Hz (1H)7.36 broad singlet (2H)7.58 broad singlet (1H)8.18 singlet (1H)8.35 singlet (1H)______________________________________
This spectrum shows that 35391 RP contains 14 non-exchangeable protons.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of .sup.13 C in hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide: This spectrum was recorded on a WH 90 Bruker spectrometer at a frequency of 22.63 MHz using a solution of 135 mg/cc in hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide. It exhibits the following characteristics (the chemical shifts in the absence of TMS are measured positively towards the weak fields relative to the hexadeuterated dimethylsulphoxide taken as the internal standard at 39.5 p.p.m. from TMS, and in the Table which follows these shifts are expressed in p.p.m. relative to TMS taken as zero).
______________________________________Chemical shiftin p.p.m. relative Form of the signal in the spectrumto TMS recorded in "off-resonance"______________________________________25.8 triplet26.2 triplet40.0 triplet48.8 doublet50.6 doublet72.8 doublet73.7 doublet80.9 doublet87.9 doublet119.0 singlet139.8 doublet148.9 singlet152.3 doublet155.7 singlet173.3 singlet______________________________________
This spectrum shows that 35391 RP contains 15 carbon atoms, namely 4 quaternary carbon atoms, 8 tertiary carbon atoms and 3 secondary carbon atoms.
Mass spectrum: In electron impact mass spectrometry, the molecular peak of empirical formula C.sub.15 H.sub.21 N.sub.7 O.sub.4 is obtained (value found: 363, 1666; value calculated 363, 1655).
The characteristic fragments of the molecule of 35391 RP are:
-C.sub.12 H.sub.16 N.sub.5 O.sub.3 (value found:278, 1247; value calculated 278, 1253)
-C.sub.10 H.sub.16 N.sub.2 O.sub.4 (value found:228, 1102; value calculated 228, 1110)
-C.sub.7 H.sub.8 N.sub.5 O (value found:178, 0729; value calculated 178, 0729)
-C.sub.5 H.sub.5 N.sub.5 (value found:135, 0546; value calculated 135, 0545)
Chromatographic migrations: 35391 RP can be characterised by ascending chromatography on a thin layer of fluorescent (254 nm) silica gel, using various mixtures of solvents and examining the chromatogram at 254 nm after development. The development mixtures are:
methanol/1,2-dichloroethane/11 N ammonia (60:30:20 by volume): Rf=0.7.
n-propanol/methanol/water/11 N ammonia/acetic acid (30:30:20:5:15 by volume): Rf=0.6.
n-butanol/acetone/water/11 N ammonia/acetic acid (35:25:21:4:15 by volume): Rf=0.5.
32232 RP and 35391 RP are generally devoid of bacteriostatic activity towards bacteria.
Toxicity: In mice, 32232 RP exhibits a 50% lethal dose (LD.sub.50) greater than 1000 mg/kg animal body weight when administered orally, and 35391 RP is non-toxic at a dose of 1000 mg/kg animal body weight when administered orally or subcutaneously.
Anti-fungal activity in vitro: The anti-fungal activity of 32232 RP and of 35391 RP towards a certain number of fungi has been determined by one of the dilution methods usually employed for this purpose. For each fungus, the smallest concentration of active substance which, under defined conditions, causes 95 to 100% inhibition of the fungus (AC .sub.95-100) was determined. The results of the various determinations are summarised in Table III below, where the minimum active concentrations are expressed in micrograms of substance per cc. of test medium.
TABLE III______________________________________ Minimum active concentration in .mu.g./ccTest Fungi 32232 RP 35391 RP______________________________________Candida albicans Pa 1 3 40Candida albicans IP 200 5 70Candida albicans Hi 7 5 75Candida krusei IP 208 4 60Hansenula anomala 2 35Blastomyces dermatitidis 5 60Saccharomyces pastorianus 0.3 7Saccharomyces ellipsoideus 0.9 15Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.3 10Microsporum canis >500 300Microsporum rubrum >500 300Epidermophyton floccosum >500 250Trichophyton mentagrophytes >500 350Aspergillus niger >500 >500Aspergillus fumigatus >500 >500Rhizopus nigricans >500 >500Mucor corymbifer >500 >500Fusarium oxysporum >500 >500Botrytis cinerea >500 >500Penicillium digitatum 15 25______________________________________
Anti-fungal activity in vivo
Against generalised candidosis, caused by Candida albicans, in mice, 32232 RP and 35391 RP have proved particularly active when administered orally or subcutaneously at doses of between 25 mg/kg animal body weight and 200 mg/kg animal body weight per day for 4 consecutive days.
32232 RP can be obtained from appropriate culture media of a new microorganism (identified more completely hereafter), belonging to the genus Streptomyces and designated by the name Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068.
The microorganism which produces the anti-fungal agent is a strain of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a sample of soil taken in India, and which has been given the number DS 26068. This organism has been deposited at the Northern Regional Research Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Peoria, Illinois (United States), where it has been registered under the number NRRL 8089. Samples can be provided by this laboratory to any person referring to the publication of the present document.
The isolation of the microorganism was carried out following the general method which consists of suspending a small amount of soil in sterile distilled water, diluting the suspension to various concentrations and spreading a small volume of each dilution on the surface of Petri dishes containing a nutrient agar medium. After incubation for several days at 26.degree. C., which allows the microorganisms to develop, the colonies which it is desired to isolate in order to study them further are taken and transplanted onto nutrient agar slopes in order to obtain more abundant cultures thereof.
Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068 forms oval to cylindrical spores with rounded ends, measuring about 0.8 to 1.0 .mu./0.4 to 0.5 .mu.. Its sporophores are in clusters. In general, its chains of spores are long, comprising up to several tens of spores, and show a certain degree of polymorphism, some of the spores being straight or more or less flexuous, whilst others bend over in the form of a hook or even coil up, describing a more or less open spiral with one and occasionally several turns. According to its mode of sporulation, Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068 falls into the Retinaculum Apertum Section of the Pridham classification.
Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068 develops well at 26.degree. C. and at 37.degree. C., but not at 50.degree. C. It has a sporulated aerial mycelium of light pink colour.
The colouration of its vegetative mycelium ranges, depending on the media, from brown-yellow or yellow-brown to very deep brown. In general it shows rather abundant production of a melanin pigment on organic media, and in particular on Waksman special tyrosine-yeast extract agar (melanin formation medium); on synthetic agar media it most frequently produces a soluble pigment which is of a more or less deep brown depending on the case.
In its cultures, carried out at 26.degree. C., it exhibits the following biochemical characteristics:
______________________________________Production of melanin : positiveProduction of H.sub.2 S : positiveTyrosinase : positiveLiquefaction of gelatin : negativeUtilisation of cellulose : negativeProduction of nitrites from nitrates : positive, weakHydrolysis of starch : positiveCulture on skimmed milk : peptonisation without coagulation______________________________________
The cultural characteristics of Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068 are summarised in Table IV hereafter. These are the characteristics of cultures which have reached a good stage of development, that is to say have been at 26.degree. C. for about 2 to 3 weeks, unless stated otherwise. These characteristics were observed on nutrient agars and broths usually employed to determine the morphological characteristics of the strains of Streptomyces, the cultures on agar media being carried ot on sloping agars. A certain number of the culture media employed were prepared in accordance with the formulations indicated in "The Actinomycetes", S. A. Waksman, p. 193-197, Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, Mass., U.S.A., 1950; in this case they are indicated by the letter W followed by the number which has been given to them in "The Actinomycetes". The references or compositions of the other culture media are as follows:
Ref. A: "Hickey and Tresner's Agar"--T. G. Pridham et al.--Antibiotics Annual, 1956-1957, p. 950.
Ref. B: "Bennett's Agar"--S. A. Waksman--The Actinomycetes vol. 2, p. 331, No. 30; The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore 1961.
Ref. C: Formula W-23, with the addition of 2% of agar.
Ref. D: "Yeast Extract Agar"--T. G. Pridham et al.--Antibiotics Annual, 1956-1967, p. 950.
Ref. E: "Tomato Paste Oatmeal Agar"--T. G. Pridham et al.--Antibiotics Annual, 1956-1957, p. 950.
Ref. F: "Melanin formation medium"--The Actinomycetes, vol. 2, p. 333, No. 42--S. A. Waksman--The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1961.
Ref. G: W. E. Grundy et al.--Antibiotics and Chem. 2,401, 1952.
Ref. H: "Inorganic Salts--Starch Agar"--T. G. Pridham et al.--Antibiotics Annual, 1956-1957, p. 951.
Ref. I: W. E. Grundy et al.--Antibiotics and Chem. 1,30, 1951.
Ref. J: corresponds to formula W-1, with 30 g of sucrose replaced by 15 g of glucose.
Ref. K: corresponds to formula W-1, with 30 g of sucrose replaced by 15 g of glycerol.
Ref. L: corresponds to formula W-18, with 30 g of sucrose replaced by 15 g of glucose.
Ref. M: corresponds to formula W-18, with the sucrose omitted and replaced by small strips of filter paper partially immersed in the liquid.
Ref. N: "Manual of Methods for Pure Culture Study of Bacteria" of the Society of American Bacteriologists, Geneva, N.Y., II.sub.50 -18.
Ref. P: "Plain Gelatin"--prepared in accordance with the instructions in the "Manual of Methods for Pure Culture Study of Bacteria" of the Society of American Bacteriologists, Geneva, N.Y., II.sub.50 -18.
Ref. Q: Skimmed milk in the form of a commercially available powder, reconstituted in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction.
Ref. R: Medium given for investigation of the production of H.sub.2 S, by: H. D. Tresner and F. Danga--Journal of Bacteriology, 76, 239-244, 1958.
TABLE IV__________________________________________________________________________ Vegetative Aerial structure mycelium (comprising the Degree of (v.m.) or combination of theCulture develop- underside of aerial mycelium (a.m.) Soluble Observations andmedium ment the culture and of the sporulation) pigment biochemical properties__________________________________________________________________________Hickey and good underside whitish to greyish block Oval to cylindricalTresner agar very deep pink; well developed brown Spores, with rounded(Ref. A) brown ends, measuring 0.8 to 1.0 .mu./0.4 to 0.5 .mu.. Sporophores in clusters. Chains of spores straight or flexuous, or curved to form a hook, or forming a more or less open spiral having from 1 to several turns.Bennett agar good underside whitish; medium yellow(Ref. B) yellow development brown brownEmerson agar good underside white; moderately deep(Ref. C) yellow developed brown brownPridham good underside whitish to light blackishyeast yellow greyish pink; brownextract agar brown medium development(Ref. D)Pridham oat- good underside whitish to light deepmeal and yellow greyish pink; well browntomato brown developedextract agar(Ref. E)Glucose- rather v.m. yellow whitish; very poorly blackishpeptone agar good brown developed brown(W-7)Nutrient moderate v.m. yellow none deepagar (W-5) brown yellow brownTyrosine- rather v.m. very none or greyish; in black Production of melanin:yeast poor deep brown the form of traces positive (readingsextract agar taken in accordancefor the with the recommenda-formation of tions of the author)melanin(Ref. F)Krainsky very poor v.m. colour- none none Solubilisation of thecalcium less to malate : positive butmalate agar greyish; weak and very slow(Ref. G) very poorly developedOvalbumin very v.m. yellow pink grey; poorly weakagar moderate brown developed brownish(W-12) greyGlucose- rather underside whitish to light greyish yellowasparagine good brown pink; rather well brownagar yellow to developed(W-2) deep brownGlycerol- rather v.m. yellow greyish white; in the yellowasparagine good brown form of traces brownagar(W-3)Pridham good underside whitish to greyish weak Hydrolysis of the starch:starch- light pink; rather well greyish positivemineral yellow developed brown Spores oval to cylindri-salts agar brown cal with rounded ends,(Ref. H) measuring 0.8 to 1.0 .mu./ 0.4 to 0.5 .mu.. Sporo- phores in clusters. Chains of spores straight or flexuous, or curved to form a hook, or forming a more or less open spiral having from 1 to several turns.Starch moderate underside greyish pink; well weakagar (W-11) light developed pink brown, grey slightly pinkGrundy rather underside greyish pink; weakstarch and good yellow well developed brownish(NH.sub.4).sub.2 HPO.sub.4 brownagar (Ref. I)Czapek syn- medium underside greyish white: in weakthetic agar yellowish the form of traces brownishwith sucrose brown(W-1)Czapek syn- medium underside greyish white; in weakthetic agar yellow the form of traces greyishwith brown yellowglucose brown(Ref. J)Czapek syn- medium v.m. yellow none or whitish; in yellowthetic agar brown the form of traces brownwith yellowglycerol(Ref. K)Starch- rather brownish white; very moderately none or Production of nitrites:nitrate good velum developed very weak positive, weakbroth brownish(W-19)Czapek very whitish none none Production of nitrites:glucose moderate flocculent positive, weakbroth(Ref. L)Czapek none Utilisation of cellulose:cellulose negativebroth(Ref. M)Nitrate poor poorly none very Production of nitrites:nutrient developed deep doubtfulbroth brownish brown(Ref. N) ringCulture on rather v.m. greyish none, or whitish; very blackpotato good to deep weakly developed(W-27) chestnut12% pure medium v.m. deep none black No liquefactiongelatine brown brown(Ref. P)Skimmed milk good yellow none -- No coagulation, pepto-(Ref. Q) brown ring nisation positiveTresner and moderate v.m. very none black Production of H.sub.2 S:Danga agar deep brown positive (readings taken(Ref. R) in accordance with the recommendations of the authors)__________________________________________________________________________
The ability of Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26,068 to utilise various sources of carbon and of nitrogen to ensure its development was determined in accordance with the principle of the method of Pridham and Gottlieb (J. of Bact. 56, 107-114, 1948); the degree of development was observed, after a suitable period of incubation at 25.degree. C., on the base medium indicated by the authors, replacing either the glucose by the various sources of carbon respectively tested, or (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 by the various sources of nitrogen respectively tested. The results are indicated in Table V.
TABLE V______________________________________Sources of Sources ofcarbon tested Utilisation nitrogen tested Utilisation______________________________________D - ribose slight and NaNO.sub.3 positive slowD - xylose positive NaNO.sub.2 positiveL - arabinose positive (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 positiveL - rhamnose positive (NH.sub.4).sub.2 HPO.sub.4 positiveD - glucose positive urea positiveD - galactose positive L - asparagine positiveD - fructose positive glucosamine positiveD - mannose positive glycine positiveL - sorbose negative sarcosine negative lactose positive DL - alanine positive maltose positive DL - valine positive sucrose positive DL - aspartic acid positive trehalose positive DL - glutamic acid positive cellobiose positive L - arginine positive raffinose positive L - lysine positive dextrin positive DL - serine positive inulin negative DL - threonine positive starch positive DL - methionine negative glycogen positive taurine negative glycerol positive DL - phenylalanine positive erythritol negative L - tyrosine positive adonitol negative DL - proline positive dulcitol negative L - hydroxyproline positiveD - mannitol positive L - histidine positiveD - sorbitol negative L - tryptophan positive inositol positive betaine positive salicin negative______________________________________
Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068 exhibits a combination of characteristics which does not coincide exactly with any of those of the strains already described, and it is for this reason that it must be considered as a new species.
Considering the species described in "The Actinomycetes" (Vol. 2, S. A. Waksman, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1961), as well as in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (seventh edition, the Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1957), the species to which Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068 comes closest is Streptomyces venezuelae which, like the former, produces melanin pigments on organic media, has a vegatative mycelium ranging from yellow to brown depending on the culture media, and has a sporulated aerial mycelium of pink colour. However, it must be distinguished from this species, from which it is separated by a number of differences which are indicated in Table VI hereafter.
TABLE VI__________________________________________________________________________ Streptomyces venezuelae Streptomyces (The Actinomycetes, incarnatus Vol. 2, p. 280-281, DS 26068 S. A. Waksman)__________________________________________________________________________Mode of sporulation(section in the Retinaculum Rectus FlexibilisPridham classific- Apertumation)Utilisation of: sucrose positive negative raffinose positive negative mannitol positive negative inositol positive negative salicin negative positiveLiquefaction ofgelatin none rapidCalcium malate agar v.m. poor, colourless v.m. yellow to brown to greyish; a.m. none a.m. greySucrose-nitrate agar a.m. greyish white; a.m. light lavender(Czapek) in the form of tracesNutrient agar a.m. none a.m. greyPotato a.m. none or whitish; a.m. grey very slightly developed__________________________________________________________________________ v.m. = vegetative mycelium a.m. = aerial mycelium
According to a feature of the invention, the .alpha.,.delta.-diaminoacid 32232 RP is produced by aerobically cultivating Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068, or a mutant thereof capable of producing 32232 RP, in an aqueous medium containing assimilable sources of carbon, nitrogen and inorganic substances, and isolating from the medium 32232 RP formed during the culture.
The culture of Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068 can be carried out by any of the known aerobic surface or submerged culture methods, but the latter are preferred for reasons of convenience. For this purpose, the various types of apparatus which are currently employed in the fermentation industry may be used.
In particular, the following sequence of operations may be adopted:
______________________________________Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068 - stock______________________________________.dwnarw.culture on agar.dwnarw.culture in a shaken flask.dwnarw.inoculum culture in a fermenter.dwnarw.production culture in a fermenter______________________________________
The fermentation medium must essentially contain an assimilable source of carbon and an assimilable source of nitrogen and inorganic substances, in particular chlorides, and optionally growth-promoting factors; all these ingredients may be supplied in the form of well-defined products or in the form of complex mixtures, such as those found in biological products of various origins.
As sources of assimilable carbon there may be used carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, maltose, dextrins, starch or other carbon-containing substances such as sugar alcohols, e.g. glycerol, or certain organic acids, e.g. lactic or citric acid. Certain animal or vegetable oils such as lard oil or soya bean oil may be advantageously used instead of, or in admixture with, the aforementioned substances.
The suitable sources of assimilable nitrogen are extremely varied. They may be very simple chemical compounds such as inorganic or organic ammonium salts, urea or certain aminoacids. They may also be complex substances containing principally nitrogen in a protein form, e.g. casein, lactalbumin, gluten and their hydrolysates, soya bean flour, groundnut meal, fishmeal, meat extract, yeast extract, distiller's solubles and corn-steep liquor.
Amongst the inorganic constituents added, some may have a buffering or neutralising effect, such as the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phosphates or calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate. Others contribute to the ionic equilibrium necessary for the development of Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068 and for the production of 32232 RP, such as the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal chlorides and sulphates. Some of them act more especially as activators of the metabolism of Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068, e.g. the salts of zinc, cobalt, iron, copper and manganese.
Suitable growth-promoting factors are products of a vitamin nature, e.g. riboflavin, folic acid and pantothenic acid.
The pH of the fermentation medium at the start of the culture should preferably be between 5.8 and 7.8, and more preferably between 6.2 and 7.4. The optimum fermentation temperature is from 25.degree. to 30.degree. C., but satisfactory production is achieved at temperatures between 23.degree. and 33.degree. C. The rate of aeration of the fermentation medium may vary within quite wide limits, but it has been found that aeration rates of 0.3 to 3 liters of air per liter of medium per minute are particularly suitable. The maximum yield of 32232 RP is obtained after 2 to 8 days' culture, but this period depends predominantly on the medium used.
32232 RP can be isolated from the fermentation medium in the following manner:
The fermentation medium can be filtered in the presence of a filtration agent, at a pH which is generally that of the medium at the end of the production phase.
32232 RP, which is present in the filtrate and in the washing liquors of the filter cake, is then fixed on a carrier which can consist of a cationic or anionic resin or an adsorbent resin.
The antifungal agent 32232 RP is then isolated from its carrier by washing the latter by means of a suitable eluent, such as water or water to which an electrolyte or a water-miscible solvent has been added.
32232 RP can thereafter be precipitated from its solution by adding the latter to a poor solvent for it such as acetone or a methanol-acetone mixture.
32232 RP thus obtained can optionally be purified by filtration or by fixing on various carriers, these fixing operations being followed by elutions with suitable eluents and precipitations by means of a water-soluble poor solvent or non-solvent for the anti-fungal agent.
35391 RP can be obtained by heating 32232 RP in an organic solvent such as an aromatic hydrocarbon, at a temperature between 80.degree. C. and the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture, the water formed being removed by azeotropic distillation. Preferably, toluene is used as the organic solvent.
32232 RP and 35391 RP (obtained in accordance with the process of the present invention) can optionally be converted into addition salts with acids in accordance with methods known per se.
Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of 32232 RP can also be obtained from the .alpha.,.delta.-diaminoacid by methods known per se. By the term "methods known per se" as used in this specification is meant methods heretofore used or described in the literature.
The following Examples illustrate the preparation of 32232 RP and its lactam 35391 RP.
The activity of the mixtures containing 32232 RP is determined by means of the microbiological diffusion method, using Saccharomyces ellipsoideus as the sensitive microorganism, and relative to 32232 RP of strength 1000 .mu.g./mg. This activity is expressed in .mu.g./mg. for the solids and in .mu.g./cc for the solutions.

EXAMPLE 1
(A) Fermentation
Peptone (1200 g), yeast extract (600 g), sodium chloride (600 g) and tap water (sufficient to make up to 107 liters) are introduced into a 170 liter fermenter.
The pH is 7.0. The medium is sterilised by bubbling steam at 122.degree. C. through it for 40 minutes. After cooling, the volume of the broth is 117 liters because of the condensation of steam during the sterilisation; the volume is made up to 120 liters by adding a sterile aqueous solution (3 liters) which contains glucose monohydrate (1200 g).
The pH of the medium is 7.0. The medium is then inoculated with a culture (200 cc), produced in an agitated Erlenmeyer flask, of Streptomyces incarnatus DS 26068. The culture is developed at 30.degree. C. for 26 hours whilst agitating and aerating with sterile air; it is then suitable for inoculation of the production culture.
The production culture is carried out in an 800 liter fermenter containing the following materials: corn-steep liquor (containing 50% solids; 10 kg), glucose monohydrate (5 kg), soya bean oil (10 liters), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (0.015 kg) and tap water (sufficient to make up to 465 liters).
The pH of the medium is adjusted to 6.40 by adding 10N sodium hydroxide solution (700 cc) and calcium carbonate (2.5 kg) is then added.
The pH of the medium is now 6.50. The broth is sterilised by bubbling steam at 122.degree. C. through it for 40 minutes. After cooling, the volume of the broth is 500 liters because of the condensation of steam during the sterilisation. The pH of the medium is 6.85.
It is then inoculated with the inoculum culture (50 liters) produced in the 170 liter fermenter, described above. The culture is developed at 30.degree. C. for 90 hours with agitation using a stirrer rotating at 160 revolutions per minute and aeration with sterile air (30 m.sup.3 /hr). At the end of the operation, the pH of the culture medium is 8.00 and the volume of the broth is 480 liters. The production of 32232 RP is 36 .mu.g/cc.
(B) Extraction
The must (880 liters), obtained as indicated above, having an activity of 30 .mu.g/cc is filtered on a filter press with the aid of a filtration aid (45 kg). The filter cake is washed on the filter with water (200 liters).
The filtrate and the wash liquor are combined and chromatographed on a column containing "Amberlite IR 120" cationic resin (40 liters) in the Na.sup.+ form. The resin is washed on the column with distilled water (120 liters). The effluent and the wash liquor are discarded.
The resin is taken up in water (200 liters) whilst stirring and the pH is adjusted to 11 by addition of 6N sodium hydroxide solution (1 liter).
The resin is stirred for about 30 minutes at 90.degree. C. and then filtered off and washed on the filter with distilled water (50 liters) at a temperature of about 20.degree. C.
The eluate and the wash liquor are combined and the pH is adjusted to 6 by adding 6N hydrochloric acid (580 cc.). The solution is concentrated under reduced pressure (5 to 10 mm Hg) to a volume of 1 liter.
Methanol (6 liters) is then added and the 32232 RP is precipitated by pouring the solution into acetone (60 liters) whilst stirring. The precipitate is filtered off, washed on the filter with acetone (2 liters) and dried under reduced pressure at 35.degree. C.
Crude 32232 RP (175 g), having an activity of 110 .mu.g/mg, is thus obtained.
(C) Purification
The crude product obtained as described above (175 g) is dissolved in water (1 liter). The insoluble matter is filtered off. The solution is chromatographed on a column containing "Amberlite IR 120" cationic resin (3 liters) in the Na.sup.+ form. The resin is washed on the column with distilled water (3 liters). The resin is suspended in water (3 liters) adjusted to pH 11 by addition of 6N sodium hydroxide solution (30 cc). The suspension is stirred for 30 minutes at 90.degree. C. and then filtered. A first eluate is obtained.
The resin is taken up under the same conditions to give a second eluate.
The two eluates are combined, neutralised to pH 7 by addition of 6N hydrochloric acid (50 cc) and concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of 900 cc. This concentrate is passed through a column containing "Amberlite XAD2" resin (800 cc). The resin is washed on the column with water (5 liters), the effluent and the wash liquor being collected in fractions of 250 cc.
Fractions 1 to 10 are combined and then concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of 110 cc.
Methanol (300 cc) is added and the 32232 RP is precipitated by slowly pouring the solution into acetone (800 cc) whilst stirring.
The precipitate is filtered off, washed on the filter with acetone (100 cc) and dried under reduced pressure (5 mm Hg) for 15 hours at 35.degree. C.
32232 RP (27.2 g), having an activity of 411 .mu.g/mg, is thus obtained.
This product is dissolved in water (300 cc) and the solution is chromatographed on a column containing "Amberlite IRC 50" cationic resin (1 liter) in the NH.sub.4.sup.+ form. The resin is washed with water (1 liter).
Elution is carried out with a linear water/0.2N ammonia gradient (1:1 by volume, 6 liters).
The effluent, the wash liquor and the eluate are collected in fractions of 250 cc. The active fractions are selected by measuring the optical density at 260 nm. Fractions 17 to 21 are combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of 70 cc. The concentrate is diluted by adding methanol (70 cc) and the 32232 RP is precipitated by slowly pouring this concentrate into acetonitrile (500 cc) whilst stirring. The precipitate is filtered off, washed on the filter with acetone (50 cc) and dried under reduced pressure (5 mm Hg) for 15 hours at 35.degree. C.
32232 RP (10.5 g), having an activity 812 .mu.g/mg, is obtained.
32232 RP (10 g) obtained as just described above is dissolved in water (100 cc) and passed through a column containing "Sephadex G 25" dextran gel (1 kg) swollen in water. Elution is carried out with water. The effluent and the eluate are collected in fractions of 20 cc. The active fractions are selected by measuring the optical density at 260 nm. The 220 first fractions (4400 cc) are discarded and the next 53 fractions (1060 cc) are concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of 120 cc. The solution is lyophilised. Pure 32232 RP (6.94 g) is thus obtained.
EXAMPLE 2
32232 RP (2 g) is suspended in toluene (250 cc) and the mixture is then heated under reflux, with constant stirring, for 76 hours whilst removing the water, at the rate at which it is formed, by azeotropic distillation and re-cycling the toluene. After cooling to a temperature of about 20.degree. C., the product in suspension is filtered off and then dried under reduced pressure (15 mm Hg) at 35.degree. C. for 15 hours. A product (1.8 g) is thus obtained, which is dissolved in water (5 cc) heated to 60.degree. C. After cooling at +5.degree. C. for 48 hours, the crystals which have appeared are filtered off, washed with distilled water (1 cc) and then dried under reduced pressure (5 mm Hg). Crystalline 35391 RP (0.95 g) is thus obtained.
The present invention also includes within its scope medicinal compositions which comprise at least one of the antifungal agents 32232 RP and35391 RP or a non-toxic acid addition salt thereof or a non-toxic alakli metal or alkaline earth metal salt of 32232 RP, in association with any other compatible product, whether it be inert or physiologically active. The compositions can be administered orally, parenterally or rectally or used topically. They usually contain from 99.9% to 0.01% of 32232 RP and/or 35391 RP.
Solid compositions for oral administration include tablets, pills, powders or granules. In such compositions, the active product according to the invention is mixed with one or more inert diluents or adjuvants such as sucrose, lactose or starch. The solid compositions may also comprise additional substances other than inert diluents, for example lubricant agents such as magnesium stearate.
Liquid compositions for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs containing inert diluents such as water or liquid paraffin. These liquid compositions may also contain substances other than inert diluents, for example wetting agents, sweeteners or flavourings.
Compositions for parenteral administration may be sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions or emulsions. As the solvent or vehicle there may be used propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils, in particular olive oil, and organic injectable esters, for example ethyl oleate. These compositions can also contain adjuvants, in particular wetting agents, emulsifiers or dispersing agents. Sterilisation can be carried out in various ways, for example by means of a bacteria-retaining filter, by incorporating sterilising agents into the composition, by irradiation or by heating. They can also be prepared in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved, at the time of use, in sterile water or in any other injectable sterile medium.
The compositions for rectal administration are suppositories which, in addition to the active product, can contain excipients such as cacao butter or suppositories wax.
The compositions for topical treatment can be in the form of lotions, ointments, creams, milks, powders or aerosols. These compositions can furthermore contain additives such as deodorants or antiperspirants.
In these compositions, the content of antifungal agent 32232 RP and/or 35391 RP is generally between 0.01% and 5%.
The lotions are preferably either aqueous lotions or aqueous-alcoholic solutions which contain between 0.01% and 1% by weight of 32232 RP and/or 35391 RP.
The creams and the ointments are emulsions of a mineral, animal or vegetable oil in water, which contain between 0.01% and 5% by weight of antifungal agent 32232 RP and/or of antifungal agent 35391 RP.
The compositions in the form of powders contain between 0.01% and 5% by weight of 32232 RP and/or 35391 RP, preferably mixed with talc and one or more anti-agglomerant agents.
The compositions in the form of aerosols preferably contain an aqueous-alcoholic solution of 32232 RP and/or of 35391 RP and at least one propellant gas which has been compressed or liquefied under pressure.
In human therapy these compositions are particularly active against illnesses caused by yeasts and more especially against candidoses such as buccal and intestinal candidoses, internal mycoses (e.g. pulmonary, sinusal, biliary, urinary or generalised mycoses), cutaneo-mucosal candidoses and genital infections caused by Candida albicans.
In general, the physician will decide the posology which he considers to be the most appropriate in accordance with the age, the weight, the degree of infection and other factors pertaining to the subject to be treated. In general, the doses are between 1 and 10 g per day for oral administration to an adult.
The following Examples illustrate medicinal compositions according to the invention.
EXAMPLE 3
Tablets having the following compositions are prepared in the usual manner:
______________________________________antifungal agent 32232 RP 0.500 gwheat starch 0.200 gcolloidal silica 0.045 gmagnesium stearate 0.005 g______________________________________
EXAMPLE 4
Tablets having the following composition are prepared in the usual manner:
______________________________________antifungal agent 35391 RP 0.500 gwheat starch 0.200 gcolloidal silica 0.045 gmagnesium stearate 0.005 g______________________________________

Number	Name	Date	Kind
3337530	Hanze	Aug 1967
3987030	Suzuki et al.	Oct 1976

.alpha.,.delta.-Diaminoacid and its lactam

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