Patent Application
20180125387
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is often used to assess the electrical and muscular functions of the heart using electrodes placed on the skin. The electrodes detect electrical variations that arise from heart muscle depolarization and repolarization during each heartbeat. EGG is a commonly employed method to assess the health of a person's heart.
In many instances, ECG is performed in a clinical setting, such as in a hospital or in a doctor's office. Performing ECG in a clinical setting, however, tends to discourage widespread application of ECG as a precautionary method for the detection of latent, undetected heart conditions, such as congenital heart defects. Moreover, time constraints in the clinical setting tend to limit the timespan over which the ECG is performed, which may inhibit detection of intermittently observable heart conditions.
Ambulatory physiological data monitors can be used to gather physiological data outside the clinical setting, thereby potentially enabling wider application of patient diagnoses than offered in the clinical setting. Ambulatory physiological data monitors also offer the potential of gathering physiological data over extended timespans that may not be practical in clinical settings. Gathering physiological data over extended timespans, however, can be challenging in practice in view of environmental factors such as perspiration, water ingress during bathing, environmental exposure to dirt and/or moisture, etc. Such environmental factors can degrade communication of an electrical signal from the person's skin to a data recording module. Moreover, such environmental factors can result in contamination of the ambulatory physiological data monitor over time. Accordingly, improved ambulatory physiological data monitors that can be used to record physiological data over extended periods of time in view of the applicable environment are of interest.
The following presents a simplified summary of some embodiments of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some embodiments of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
Ambulatory monitors for recording physiological data include an improved adhesive layer for adhering the ambulatory monitor to a person's skin. The improved adhesive layer is configured to inhibit electrical shorting between electrodes of the ambulatory monitor. In many embodiments, the improved adhesive layer includes: (a) a first conductive adhesive region that electrically couples a first electrode of the ambulatory monitor with the user's skin, (b) a second conductive adhesive region that electrically couples a second electrode of the ambulatory monitor with the user's skin, and (c) a non-conductive adhesive region that separates the first and second conductive adhesive regions and serves as an electrical insulator between the first and second conductive adhesive regions. Accordingly, the adhesive layer can be used to uniformly bonded the ambulatory monitor to the user's skin without introducing an electrical path between the electrodes through the adhesive layer.
Thus, in one aspect, an ambulatory monitor includes a biocompatible layer, a first electrode, a second electrode, an adhesive layer, and a physiological data recording module. The biocompatible layer is configured to be coupled with a user's skin. The first electrode is coupled with the biocompatible layer so as to be operatively coupled with the user's skin when the biocompatible layer is attached to the user's skin. The second electrode is coupled with the biocompatible layer so as to be operatively coupled with the user's skin when the biocompatible layer is attached to the user's skin. The adhesive layer is interfaced with the biocompatible layer and configured to adhere the biocompatible layer to the user's skin. The adhesive layer has a first conductive adhesive region, a second conductive adhesive region, and a non-conductive adhesive region. The first conductive adhesive region includes a conductive adhesive electrically coupled with the first electrode. The second conductive adhesive region includes a conductive adhesive electrically coupled with the second electrode. The non-conductive adhesive region includes a non-conductive adhesive and serves as an electrical insulator between the first conductive adhesive region and the second conductive adhesive region. The physiological data recording module is configured to store physiological data of the user generated from an electrical signal from the first and second electrodes.
Any suitable adhesives can be used as the conductive adhesive and the non-conductive adhesive. For example, the conductive adhesive can be Amparo Ultra High-tack Hydrocolloid (Amparo Medical Technologies, Inc.). As another example, the non-conductive adhesive can be a medical grade standard solvent acrylic adhesive applied to a nonwoven substrate such as Lohmann DuploMED® WM 81160 Nonwoven.
In many embodiments, each of the first and second conductive adhesive regions completely surrounds the respective electrode. For example, in many embodiments, the biocompatible layer has an upper surface and a skin-side surface. The adhesive layer can cover substantially all of the skin-side surface. The biocompatible layer can have a first electrode aperture aligned with the first electrode and a second electrode aperture aligned with the second electrode. The first conductive adhesive region can completely surround the first electrode aperture. The second conductive adhesive region can completely surrounds the second electrode aperture. The non-conductive adhesive region separates the second conductive region from the first conductive region.
In many embodiments, the physiological data recording module is detachably mountable. For example, the ambulatory monitor can further include (a) an upper layer overlying the biocompatible layer, (b) a first electrical contact electrically connected with the first electrode, (c) a conductive adhesive interfaced with the first electrical contact, (d) a second electrical contact electrically connected with the second electrode, and (e) a conductive adhesive interfaced with the second electrical contact. The physiological data recording module can include a module first electrical contact and a module second electrical contact. The physiological data recording module can be configured to be detachably mountable to electrically couple the module first electrical contact with the first electrical contact and the module second electrical contact with the second electrical contact.
In many embodiments, the ambulatory monitor includes an upper layer that is partially bonded to the biocompatible layer to enhance flexibility of the ambulatory monitor. For example, the upper layer can include (a) an upper layer surrounding portion to which each of the first and second electrodes is mounted, (b) an upper layer first tab portion to which the first electrical contact is mounted, and (c) an upper layer second tab portion to which the second electrical contact is mounted. The upper layer surrounding portion can form an aperture into which each of the upper layer first and second tab portions extends. The ambulatory monitor can include an upper layer adhesive layer configured to bond the upper layer surrounding portion to the biocompatible layer. At least a portion of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions can extend beyond the upper layer adhesive layer so that at least a portion of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions is not bonded to the biocompatible layer.
The first and second tab portions can be configured to be adhered to the physiological data recording module adjacent to the respective one of the module first and second electrical contacts. For example, the upper layer first tab portion can include a first end portion, a second end portion, and a central portion disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion. The upper layer second tab portion can include a first end portion, a second end portion, and a central portion disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion. The ambulatory monitor can include an end portion adhesive layer coupled with each of the first and second end portions of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions to bond the data recording module to each of the first and second end portions of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions. The first electrical contact can be mounted to the central portion of the upper layer first tab portion. The second electrical contact can be mounted to the central portion of the upper layer second tab portion.
The module first and second electrical contacts can be configured to be embedded into conductive adhesive interfaced with the first and second electrical contacts. For example, the physiological data recording module can include a housing having a lower surface beyond which each of the module first and second electrical contacts protrudes.
The ambulatory monitor can be configured to protect the physiological data recording module from moisture ingression. For example, the ambulatory monitor can further include a water-resistant cover configured to be bonded to the flexible patch. The water-resistant cover can be configured to cover the physiological data recording module to protect the physiological data recording module from moisture ingression.
The first and second electrodes can be electrically connected with the first and second electrical contacts using any suitable means. For example, the ambulatory monitor can include (a) a first electrical trace formed on the upper layer and electrically connecting the first electrode with the first electrical contact, and (b) a second electrical trace formed on the upper layer and electrically connecting the second electrode with the second electrical contact.
In many embodiments, the physiological data recording module can be demounted from the rest of the ambulatory monitor. For example, in many embodiments, the user can demount the physiological data recording module by hand.
In another aspect, a method of operatively coupling an ambulatory monitor with a user's skin is provided. The method includes (a) interfacing a first layer of conductive adhesive with a first region of a skin-side surface of a biocompatible layer so that the first layer of conductive adhesive is electrically coupled with a first electrode electrically coupled with a physiological data recording module, (b) interfacing a second layer of conductive adhesive with a second region of the skin-side surface so that the second layer of conductive adhesive is electrically coupled with a second electrode electrically coupled with the physiological data recording module, (c) interfacing a layer of non-conductive adhesive with a third region of the skin-side surface, the third region separating the first and second regions so that the layer of non-conductive adhesive separates the first and second layers of conductive adhesive; and (d) supporting the physiological data recording module via the biocompatible layer. The method can include protecting the physiological data recording module from water ingression via a water-resistant cover bonded to the upper layer.
The method of operatively coupling an ambulatory monitor with a user's skin can be practiced with any suitable conductive and non-conductive adhesives as described herein. For example, interfacing the layer of non-conductive adhesive with the third region can include interfacing a layer of solvent acrylic adhesive with the third region.
The method of operatively coupling an ambulatory monitor with a user's skin can be practiced with any suitable portions of the skin-side surface of the biocompatible layer being used as the first and second regions. For example, interfacing the first layer of conductive adhesive with the first region can include interfacing the first layer of conductive adhesive with the first region so that the first layer of conductive adhesive completely surround a first electrode aperture in the biocompatible layer, the first electrode aperture being aligned with the first electrode. Interfacing the second layer of conductive adhesive with the second region can include interfacing the second layer of conductive adhesive with the second region so that the second layer of conductive adhesive completely surround a second electrode aperture in the biocompatible layer, the second electrode aperture being aligned with the second electrode.
The method of operatively coupling an ambulatory monitor with a user's skin can further include using conductive adhesive to mount the physiological data recording module. For example, the physiological data recording module can include a module first electrical contact and a module second electrical contact. The ambulatory monitor can include (a) a first electrical contact electrically connected with the first electrode, (b) a conductive adhesive interfaced with the first electrical contact, (c) a second electrical contact electrically connected with the second electrode, and (d) a conductive adhesive interfaced with the second electrical contact. The method can include interfacing the module first electrical contact with the conductive adhesive interfaced with the first electrical contact. The method can include interfacing the module second electrical contact with the conductive adhesive interfaced with the second electrical contact. The physiological data recording module can include a housing having a lower surface beyond which each of the module first and second electrical contacts protrudes.
The method of operatively coupling an ambulatory monitor with a user's skin can include demounting the physiological data recording module. For example, the method can include demounting the physiological data recording module by rocking the physiological data recording module relative to the user's skin.
The method of operatively coupling an ambulatory monitor with a user's skin can be practiced with an ambulatory monitor in which the physiological data recording module is mounted to be easily demounted. For example, the ambulatory monitor can include an upper layer overlying the biocompatible layer. The upper layer can include an upper layer surrounding portion, an upper layer first tab portion, and an upper layer second tab portion. The upper layer surrounding portion can form an aperture into which each of the upper layer first tab portion and the upper layer second tab portion extends. The method can further include (a) adhering the upper layer surrounding portion to the biocompatible layer via an intervening adhesive layer, (b) supporting the first electrical contact on the upper layer first tab portion, (c) supporting the second electrical contact on the upper layer second tab portion, and (d) accommodating relative movement between the biocompatible layer and each of the upper layer first and second tab portions by not adhering at least a portion of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions to the biocompatible layer. The upper layer first tab portion can include a first end portion, a second end portion, and a central portion disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion. The upper layer second tab portion can include a first end portion, a second end portion, and a central portion disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion. The method can include (a) adhering the physiological data recording module to each of the first and second end portions of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions using a non-conducting adhesive, (b) supporting the first electrical contact via the central portion of the upper layer first tab portion, and (c) supporting the second electrical contact via the central portion of the upper layer second tab portion.
Improved ambulatory monitors for recording physiological data can include a detachable physiological data recording module that includes electrical contacts that are interfaced with corresponding electrical contacts of a patient adhereable patch via a conductive adhesive. The conductive adhesive prevents inadvertent separation of the data recording electrical contacts from the corresponding patient adhereable patch electrical contacts and enhances the electrical connection. In many embodiments, the physiological data recording module can be demounted by hand (e.g., by grasping the physiological data recording module and rocking the module relative to the patch to sequentially peel the module electrical contacts from the patch electrical contacts and the conductive adhesive). Data can also be downloaded from the data recording module.
Thus, in one aspect, an ambulatory monitor is provided. The ambulatory monitor includes a physiological data recording module and a flexible patch configured to be attached to a user's skin. The flexible patch includes: (a) a biocompatible layer configured to be coupled with the user's skin, (b) an upper layer overlying the biocompatible layer, (c) a first electrode coupled with the upper layer so as to be operatively coupled with the user's skin when the flexible patch is attached to the user's skin, (d) a patch first electrical contact electrically connected with the first electrode, (e) a conductive adhesive interfaced with the patch first electrical contact, (f) a second electrode coupled with the upper layer so as to be operatively coupled with the user's skin when the flexible patch is attached to the user's skin, (g) a patch second electrical contact electrically connected with the second electrode, and (h) a conductive adhesive interfaced with the patch second electrical contact. The physiological data recording module includes a module first electrical contact and a module second electrical contact. The physiological data recording module is configured to be mounted to the flexible patch so as to electrically couple the module first electrical contact with the patch first electrical contact and the module second electrical contact with the patch second electrical contact. The physiological data recording module is configured to store physiological data of the user generated from an electrical signal from the first and second electrodes.
In many embodiments of the ambulatory monitory, the upper layer includes an upper layer surrounding portion to which each of the patch first and second electrodes is mounted, an upper layer first tab portion to which the patch first electrical contact is mounted, and an upper layer second tab portion to which the patch second electrical contact is mounted. In many embodiments, the upper layer surrounding portion forms an aperture into which each of the upper layer first and second tab portions extends. In many embodiments, the flexible patch includes an upper layer adhesive layer configured to bond the upper layer surrounding portion to the biocompatible layer. At least a portion of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions can extend beyond the upper layer adhesive layer so that the at least a portion of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions is not bonded to the biocompatible layer.
In many embodiments of the ambulatory monitory, the upper layer first tab portion includes a first end portion, a second end portion, and a central portion disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion. In a similar manner, upper layer second tab portion can include a first end portion, a second end portion, and a central portion disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion. In many embodiments, the flexible patch includes an end portion adhesive layer coupled with each of the first and second end portions of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions to bond the data recording module to each of the first and second end portions of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions. In many embodiments, the patch first electrical contact is mounted to the central portion of the upper layer first tab portion and the patch second electrical contact is mounted to the central portion of the upper layer second tab portion. Any suitable adhesive can be used as the end portion adhesive layer, for example, a suitable non-conductive adhesive.
In many embodiments of the ambulatory monitory, the module first and second electrical contacts protrude from the module so as to be embedded into the conductive adhesive. For example, the physiological data recording module can include a housing having a lower surface beyond which each of the module first and second electrical contacts protrudes.
In many embodiments of the ambulatory monitor, the physiological data recording module is protected from moisture ingression. For example, the ambulatory monitor can include a water-resistant cover configured to be bonded to or made part of the flexible patch to cover the physiological data recording module to protect the physiological data recording module from moisture ingression.
In many embodiments, the ambulatory monitor includes formed electrical traces that connect the electrodes with the patch electrical contacts. For example, the ambulatory monitory can include a first electrical trace formed on the upper layer and electrically connecting the first electrode with the patch first electrical contact and a second electrical trace formed on the upper layer and electrically connecting the second electrode with the patch second electrical contact.
In many embodiments of the ambulatory monitor, the physiological data recording module is demountable from the flexible patch without employing tools. For example, in many embodiments, the user can demount the physiological data recording module from the flexible patch by hand.
In many embodiments of the ambulatory monitor, a conductive material is used to electrically couple the electrodes with the user's skin. For example, in many embodiments: (a) each of the first and second electrodes is formed on the upper layer, (b) the biocompatible layer has a first electrode aperture aligned with the first electrode and a second electrode aperture aligned with the second electrode, (c) the flexible patch includes a conductive material interfaced with the first electrode and extending through the first electrode aperture for electrically coupling the first electrode to the user's skin, and (d) the flexible patch includes a conductive material interfaced with the second electrode and extending through the second electrode aperture for electrically coupling the second electrode to the user's skin.
A person of skill will appreciate that the ambulatory monitor can include any suitable number of electrodes (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, or more electrodes) that are operatively coupled with the user's skin when the flexible patch is attached to the user's skin. For example, the flexible patch can further include: (a) a third electrode coupled with the upper layer so as to be operatively coupled with the user's skin when the flexible patch is attached to the user's skin; (b) a patch third electrical contact electrically connected with the third electrode; and (c) a conductive adhesive interfaced with the patch third electrical contact. The physiological data recording module can further include a module third electrical contact. The physiological data recording module can be configured to: (a) be mounted to the flexible patch so as to electrically couple the module third electrical contact with the patch third electrical contact; and (b) store physiological data of the user generated via the first, second, and third electrodes.
In another aspect, a method is provided for transferring an electrical signal from a patient to a physiological data recording module. The method includes supporting a first electrode and a second electrode in electrical connection with the patient via a flexible patch adhered to the patient. A patch first electrical contact is adhered with a module first electrical contact of the physiological data recording module via a conductive adhesive. The patch first electrical contact is electrically coupled with the first electrode. A patch second electrical contact is adhered with a module second electrical contact of the physiological data recording module via a conductive adhesive. The patch second electrical contact is electrically coupled with the second electrode. The electrical signal is transferred from the patient to the physiological data recording module via a conductive path comprising the first and second electrodes, the patch first and second electrical contacts, and the module first and second electrical contacts.
In many embodiments, the method for transferring an electrical signal from a patient to a physiological data recording module includes demounting the physiological data recording module from the flexible patch without the use of tools. For example, the method can include demounting the physiological data recording module from the flexible patch by hand. In many embodiments of the method, demounting the physiological data recording module from the flexible patch by hand includes rocking the physiological data recording module relative to the flexible patch.
Any suitable ambulatory monitory can be used to perform acts of the method for transferring an electrical signal from a patient to a physiological data recording module. For example, the flexible patch can include a biocompatible layer and an upper layer overlying the biocompatible layer. The upper layer can include an upper layer surrounding portion, an upper layer first tab portion, and an upper layer second tab portion. The upper layer surrounding portion can form an aperture into which each of the upper layer first tab portion and the upper layer second tab portion extends. The method can include: (a) adhering the upper layer surrounding portion to the biocompatible layer via an intervening adhesive layer, (b) supporting the patch first electrical contact on the upper layer first tab portion, (c) supporting the patch second electrical contact on the upper layer second tab portion, and (d) accommodating relative movement between the biocompatible layer and each of the upper layer first and second tab portions by not adhering at least a portion of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions to the biocompatible layer. The first electrode can be electrically connected to the patch first electrical contact via a first conductive trace formed on the upper layer. The second electrode can be electrically connected to the patch second electrical contact via a second conductive trace formed on the upper layer. The method can include protecting the physiological data recording module from water ingression via a water-resistant cover bonded to the flexible patch. The upper layer first tab portion can include a first end portion, a second end portion, and a central portion disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion. The upper layer second tab portion can include a first end portion, a second end portion, and a central portion disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion. The method can include: (a) adhering the physiological data recording module to each of the first and second end portions of each of the upper layer first and second tab portions using a non-conducting adhesive, (b) supporting the patch first electrical contact via the central portion of the upper layer first tab portion, and (c) supporting the patch second electrical contact via the central portion of the upper layer second tab portion. The physiological data recording module can include a housing having a lower surface beyond which each of the module first and second electrical contacts protrude.
A person of skill will appreciate that the method for transferring an electrical signal from a patient to a physiological data recording module can employ an ambulatory monitor that includes any suitable number of electrodes (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, or more electrodes) that are operatively coupled with the user's skin when the flexible patch is attached to the user's skin. For example, the method for transferring an electrical signal from a patient to a physiological data recording module can further include: (a) supporting a third electrode in electrical connection with the patient via the flexible patch; (b) adhering a patch third electrical contact with a module third electrical contact of the physiological data recording module via a conductive adhesive, the patch third electrical contact being electrically coupled with the third electrode; and (c) generating the electrical signal via the first, second, and third electrodes.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the ensuing detailed description and accompanying drawings.
In the following description, various embodiments of the present invention will be described. For purposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore, well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the embodiment being described.
Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like parts throughout the several views,
The upper layer assembly 36 includes the first and second electrodes 20, 22, the upper layer 26, the first conductive trace 28, the second conductive trace 30, the patch first electrical contact 32, and the patch second electrical contact 34. The upper layer 26 includes an upper layer surrounding portion 54 on which each of the first and second electrodes 20, 22 is formed, an upper layer first tab portion 56 on which the patch first electrical contact 32 is formed, and an upper layer second tab portion 58 on which the patch second electrical contact 34 is formed. The upper layer surrounding portion 54 forms an aperture 60 into which each of the upper layer first tab portion 56 and the upper layer second tab portion 58 extends. The first conductive trace 28 is formed on the upper layer 26 and extends to electrically couple the first electrode 20 and the patch first electrical contact 32. The second conductive trace 30 is formed on the upper layer 26 and extends to electrically couple the second electrode 22 and the patch second electrical contact 34. In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second electrodes 20, 22, the first and second conductive traces 28, 30, and the patch first and second electrical contacts 32, 34 are formed on a lower surface of the upper layer 26 so as to be disposed between the upper layer 26 and the biocompatible layer 40. As described herein, each of the upper layer first and second tab portions 56, 58 include an aperture through which the respective patch first and second electrical contact 32, 34 is electrically coupled with the data recording module 16. The upper layer adhesive layer 46 is configured to bond upper layer assembly 36 to the biocompatible layer 40 without bonding the upper layer first and second tab portions 56, 58 to the biocompatible layer 40 so as to accommodate movement of the upper layer first and second tab portions 56, 58 relative to the biocompatible layer 40.
The data recording module 16 is configured to record physiological data for the user 12 generated via an electrical signal from the patient that is transferred to the data recording module 16 via the first and second electrodes 20, 22, the first and second conductive traces 28, 30, and the patch first and second electrical contacts 32, 34. The data recording module 16 includes a lower housing 62, an upper housing 64, an electronic assembly 66, a module first electrical contact 68, and a module second electrical contact 70. The lower housing 62 forms apertures 72, 74 through which the module first and second electrical contacts 68, 70 extend. The electronic assembly 66 includes connectors 76, 78 into which module first and second electrical contacts 68, 70 extend, thereby electrically connecting the electronic assembly 66 with the module first and second electrical contacts 68, 70. The electronic assembly 66 includes an electrical connector 79 that serves as a data port for data transfer to and/or from the electronic assembly 66. The electrical connector 79 is mounted flush within an aperture formed via the lower housing 62 and the upper housing 64. The lower housing 62 forms a recess configured to accommodate and position the electronic assembly 66 so as to align the connectors 76, 78 with the apertures 72, 74. The upper housing 64 is configured to be mountable to the lower housing 62 so as to enclose the electronic assembly 66. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper housing 64 can be demounted from the lower housing 62 to provide access to the electronic assembly 66 for downloading physiological data from the electronic assembly 66 and/or to charge the electronic assembly 66. In many embodiments, the electronic assembly 66 includes one or more batteries to power the electronic assembly 66, a processor or a controller to generate physiological data from the electrical signal received from the user 12, and a tangible memory for storing the physiological data.
The water resistant cover 18 is configured to protect the data recording module 16 from water ingression. The water-resistant cover 18 includes a perimeter attachment flange 80 configured to be adhered to the upper layer 26. The cover 18 forms a recess sized to accommodate the data recording module 16, thereby enclosing the data recording module 16 between the cover 18 and the flexible patch 14.
Other variations are within the spirit of the present invention. Thus, while the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.
The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term “connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/419,211, filed Nov. 8, 2016, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated in its entirety for all purposes.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62419211 | Nov 2016 | US |
