Amido peroxycarboxylic acids for bleaching

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention concerns novel amido peroxycarboxylic acids and their use as bleaches, especially in the cleaning of fabrics.
2. The Related Art
Organic peroxyacids have long been known for their excellent bleaching activity. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,642,198 (Humphreys et al) describes a variety of water-insoluble organic peroxyacids intended for suspension in an aqueous, low pH liquid. The preferred peroxy material is 1,12-diperoxydodecanedioic acid (DPDA). Surfactants, both anionic and nonionic, are utilized as suspending agents. When formulated with 10% surfactant, DPDA exhibits good stability under storage conditions. When the surfactant level of the formulation is increased to 22%, a level typical for a heavy-duty laundry detergent, the half-life of the DPDA decreases dramatically. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,194 (Liberti et al) reports that at 40.degree. C. the half-life of DPDA is only 1 to 2weeks in a pH 4-4.5 heavy-duty laundry liquid.
Another effective peracid is 4,4'-sulfonylbisperoxybenzoic acid (SBPB) reported in EP 0 267 175 (Dyroff et al) as possessing superior storage stability. U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,510 (Madison et al) demonstrates the increased stability of SBPB over DPDA in an aqueous liquid bleaching composition.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,551 (Burns et al) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,686,063 (Burns) describe peroxyacids having polar amide links along a hydrophobic backbone. These substances are stabilized with an exotherm control agent selected from boric acid and urea. Described in detail are a variety of n-acyl aminoperoxyacids and alkylamino oxoperoxy acids. All of the reported substances are mono-percarboxylic acids. A related patent, EP 0 349 220 (P&G), suggests use of a phosphate buffer solution and a pH between about 3.5 and 6 for improving storage stability of amido peroxyacids.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,807 (Gethoffer et al) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,431 (Fuchs et al) describe a series of imido peroxyacids, chief among which is N-phthaloylamino peroxycaproic acid (PAP). Suspension of imidoperoxycarboxylic acids in an aqueous system is achieved through use of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate as reported in EP 0 435 379 (Akzo N.V.). Related technology in EP 0 347 724 (Ausimont) discloses heterocyclic peracids such as N-acyl-piperidine percarboxylic acids. WO 90/14336 (Interox) discloses 6,6'-terephthal-di(amidoperoxyhexanoic) acid and 6,6'-fumaryl bis(amidoperoxyhexanoic) acid.
Although many of the amido and imido peroxyacids have a quite dramatic bleaching activity, their stability, especially under alkaline conditions, in surfactant solutions remains a considerable problem. Clearly there is a need for new peracids specifically designed for heavy-duty laundry liquids. These materials also need to be physically stable in terms of thermal and shock sensitivity and in terms of storage stability
In view of the problems of the art, it is an object of the present invention to provide new peroxycarboxylic acids with effective bleach activity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide peroxycarboxylic acids with superior storage stability.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide new peroxycarboxylic acids that, in addition to excellent activity, are also characterized by good storage stability when suspended in an aqueous medium but nevertheless can rapidly be dissolved in an alkaline wash medium.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of bleaching fabrics in a fully-formulated, heavy-duty laundry detergent composition through the use of new peroxycarboxylic acids.
These and other objects of the present invention will become more readily apparent through consideration of the following summary, detailed description and examples.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An amido peroxyacid compound is provided having the formula: ##STR2## wherein:
R is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene and radical combinations thereof;
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl and C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl radicals and a radical that can form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 ring together with R.sup.3 and both nitrogens;
R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene and C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene radicals;
n and n' each are an integer chosen such that the sum thereof is 1;
m and m' each are an integer chosen such that the sum thereof is 1; and
M is selected from the group consisting of H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkanolammonium cations and radicals and combinations thereof. Furthermore, there is provided a bleaching composition comprising:
(i) an effective amount for bleaching of an amido organic peroxyacid having the general structure (I); and
(ii) from about 0.5 to about 50% of a surfactant.
A method is also provided for bleaching a substrate, especially laundry and dishes, comprising contacting the substrate with an amido peroxyacid of the general structure (I).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Now a new series of amido percarboxylic acids has been found having the structural formula: ##STR3## wherein:
R is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.5 14 C.sub.12 cycloalkylene, C.sub.6 14 C.sub.12 arylene and radical combinations thereof;
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl and C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl radicals and a radical that can form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 ring together with R.sup.3 and both nitrogens;
R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 14 C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene and C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene radicals;
n and n' each are an integer chosen such that the sum thereof is 1;
m and m' each are an integer chosen such that the sum thereof is 1; and
M is selected from the group consisting of H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkanolammonium cations and radicals and combinations thereof.
Within the general formula there are two subcategories of structures which are particularly advantageous. These substructures are as follows: ##STR4## wherein:
R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined in the same manner as that for formula (I) and z is an integer from 1 to 20.
Particularly preferred compounds representing substructure (II) are the following: ##STR5## A particularly preferred compound representative of substructure (IV) is as follows: ##STR6## Synthesis of compounds according to the present invention can be accomplished through the condensation of difunctional amines and acids to form diacids or diesters linked by diamide moieties. Using this chemistry, there have been condensed a variety of diamines with two equivalents of the mono-acid chloride mono-ester of either terephthalic acid or adipic acid to provide some novel diamide diesters. Similarly, 4-aminobenzoic acid has been condensed with diacid chlorides to yield diamide diacids. Table I lists some of the combinations tested.
TABLE I______________________________________Condensation Combinations Yielding Diamide DiestersAcid Derivative Amine Derivative______________________________________4-carbomethoxybenzoyl chloride ethylenediamine " butanediamine " piperazine " trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane " 1,4-phenylenediamine " 1,2-phenylenediaminecarboethoxyadipoyl chloride 1,4-phenylenediamine " ethylenediaminesuccinoyl chloride 4-aminobenzoic acidterephthaloyl chloride "______________________________________
Condensation of the diamines with the acid chlorides can be achieved by adding a toluene solution of the acid chloride dropwise to an aqueous solution of the diamine and excess potassium carbonate at room temperature. The resulting diamide precipitates from the biphasic reaction medium.
For purposes of this invention, the imido structure is not one encompassed herein.
A second method may be employed for those systems having special sensitivity to water. An anhydrous preparation is conducted where the amine and the acid chloride are dissolved in chloroform. Either pyridine or triethylamine can be utilized as a base for removing hydrogen chloride. This procedure is especially useful for compounds such as SDPCA and 1,2-PCBPD. For many of the amides, more than one method can successfully be employed in their preparation.
Conversion of the diamide diesters or diacids to the mono-peroxyacids may be accomplished using a standard procedure outlined by Swern et al described in Org. Synth., (1963), 43, 93-96 and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,180,886. The diesters or diacids, which usually are completely soluble in methanesulfonic acid, may be treated with 1 to 4.5 molar equivalents of 70 or 90% hydrogen peroxide at room temperature for 3 to 5 hours.
When incorporated into a cleaning composition, the amido peroxyacids of the present invention will range in concentration from about 1 to about 40%, preferably from about 1.5 to about 15%, optimally between about 2 and about 5% by weight.
A detergent formulation containing a peroxyacid bleach system according to the invention will usually also contain surfactants and detergency builders. When in liquid form, the surfactants serve not only to clean but importantly function as a structuring system to suspend the water-insoluble amido peroxyacids in water or any other solvent carrier. For heavy-duty laundry liquids, it is also important to include a pH adjusting system and advantageously a deflocculating polymer.
The surface-active material may be naturally derived, such as soap or a synthetic material selected from anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, cationic actives and mixtures thereof. Many suitable actives are commercially available and are fully described in the literature, for example in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I and II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch. The total level of the surface-active material may range up to 50% by weight, preferably being from about 1% to about 40% by weight of the composition, most preferably 4 to 25%.
Synthetic anionic surface-actives are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulfates and sulfonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher aryl radicals.
Examples of suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and ammonium alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating higher (C.sub.8 -C.sub.18) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil; sodium and ammonium alkyl (C.sub.9 -C.sub.20) benzene sulfonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C.sub.10 -C.sub.15) benzene sulfonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium and ammonium salts of sulfuric acid esters of higher (C.sub.9 -C.sub.18) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide reaction products; the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide; sodium and ammonium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl taurine; alkane monosulfonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefins (C.sub.8 -C.sub.20) with sodium bisulfite and those derived by reacting paraffins with SO.sub.2 and Cl.sub.2 and then hydrolyzing with a base to produce a random sulfonate; sodium and ammonium C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 dialkyl sulfosuccinates; and olefinic sulfonates, which term is used to describe the material made by reacting olefins, particularly C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 alpha-olefins, with SO.sub.3 and then neutralizing and hydrolyzing the reaction product. The preferred anionic detergent compounds are sodium (C.sub.11 -C.sub.15) alkylbenzene sulfonates; sodium (C.sub.16 -C.sub.18) alkyl sulfates and sodium (C.sub.16 -C.sub.18)alkyl ether sulfates.
Examples of suitable nonionic surface-active compounds which may be used preferably together with the anionic surface-active compounds, include in particular, the reaction products of alkylene oxides, usually ethylene oxide, with alkyl (C.sub.6 -C.sub.22) phenols, generally 2-25 EO, i.e. 2-25 units of ethylene oxide per molecule; the condensation products of aliphatic (C.sub.8 -C.sub.18) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, generally 2-30 EO, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine. Other so-called nonionic surface-actives include alkyl polyglycosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides (e.g. C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 N-methyl glucamide), long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
Amounts of amphoteric or zwitterionic surface-active compounds can also be used in the compositions of the invention but this is not normally desired owing to their relatively high cost. If any amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds are used, it is generally in small amounts in compositions based on the much more commonly used synthetic anionic and nonionic actives.
The detergent compositions of the invention will normally also contain a detergency builder. Builder materials may be selected from (1) calcium sequestrant materials, (2) preciptating materials, (3) calcium ion-exchange materials and (4) mixtures thereof.
In particular, the compositions of the invention may contain any one of the organic or inorganic builder materials, such as sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium or potassium pyrophosphate, sodium or potassium orthophosphate, sodium carbonate, the sodium salt of nitrilotriacetic acid, sodium citrate, carboxymethylmalonate, carboxymethyloxysuccinate, tartrate mono- and di-succinates, oxydisuccinate, crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicates and mixtures thereof.
Polycarboxylic homo- and copolymers may also be included as builders and to function as powder structurants or processing aids. Particularly preferred are polyacrylic acid (available under the trademark Acrysol from the Rohm and Haas Company) and acrylic-maleic acid copolymers (available under the trademark Sokalan from the BASF Corporation) and alkali metal or other salts thereof.
These builder materials may be present at a level of, for example, from 1 to 80% by weight, preferably from 10 to 60% by weight.
Upon dispersal in a wash water, the initial amount of peroxyacid should range in amount to yield anywhere from about 0.05 to about 250 ppm active oxygen per liter of water, preferably between about 1 to 50 ppm. Surfactant should be present in the wash water from about 0.05 to 1.0 grams per liter, preferably from 0.15 to 0.20 grams per liter. When present, the builder amount will range from about 0. 1 to 3.0 grams per liter.
For heavy-duty laundry detergent liquids, it is advantageous to employ a system to adjust pH, known as a "pH jump system". It is well-known that organic peroxyacid bleaches are most stable at low pH (3-6), whereas they are most effective as bleaches in moderately alkaline pH (7-9) solution. To achieve the required pH regimes, a pH jump system may be employed to keep the pH of the product low for peracid stability yet allow it to become moderately high in a wash water for bleaching and detergency efficacy. One such system is borax.10H.sub.2 O/polyol. Borate ion and certain cis-1,2-polyols complex when concentrated to cause a reduction in pH. Upon dilution, the complex dissociates, liberating free borate to raise the pH. Examples of polyols which exhibit this complexing mechanism with borate include catechol, galactitol, fructose, sorbitol and pinacol. For economic reasons, sorbitol is the preferred polyol. To achieve the desired concentrate pH of less than 6, ratios greater than about 1:1 of polyol to borax are usually required. Therefore, the preferred ratio of polyol to borax should range anywhere from about 1:1 to about 10: 1. Borate compounds such as boric acid, boric oxide, borax with sodium ortho- or pyroborate may also be suitable as the borate component.
Another advantageous component in the heavy-duty liquid laundry detergent compositions of this invention is a deflocculating polymer. Copolymers of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers usually are employed to form the deflocculating agent. Suitable polymers are obtained by copolymerizing maleic anhydride, acrylic or methacrylic acid or other hydrophilic monomers such as ethylene or styrene sulfonates and the like with similar monomers that have been functionalized with hydrophobic groups. These include the amides, esters, ethers of fatty alcohol or fatty alcohol ethoxylates. In addition to the fatty alcohols and ethoxylates, other hydrophobic groups, such as olefins or alkylaryl radicals, may be used. What is essential is that the copolymer have acceptable oxidation stability and that the copolymer have hydrophobic groups that interact with the lameliar droplets and hydrophilic groups of the structured liquid to prevent flocculation of these droplets and thereby, prevent physical instability and product separation. In practice, a copolymer of acrylic acid and lauryl methacrylate (M. W. 3800) has been found to be effective at levels of 0.5 to 1%. These materials are more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,194 (Liberati et al) herein incorporated by reference.
Apart from the components already mentioned, the detergent compositions of the invention can contain any of the conventional additives in the amounts in which such materials are normally employed in detergent compositions. Examples of these additives include lather boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the monoethanolamides derived from palmkernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, lather depressants such as alkyl phosphates and silicones, antiredeposition agents such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose and alkyl or substituted alkylcellulose ethers, other stabilizers such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, fabric softening agents, inorganic salts such as sodium sulfate and usually present in very small amounts, fluorescent whitening agents, perfumes, enzymes such as proteases, cellulases, lipases and amylases, germicides and colorants.
The amido peroxyacids described herein are useful in a variety of cleaning products. These include laundry detergents, laundry bleaches, hard surface cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, automatic dishwashing compositions and even denture cleaners. Peroxyacids of the present invention can be introduced in a variety of product forms including powders, on sheets or other substrates, in pouches, in tablets or in nonaqueous liquids such as liquid nonionic detergents.

The following examples will more fully illustrate the embodiments of this invention. All parts, percentages and proportions referred to herein and in the appended claims are by weight unless otherwise illustrated.
EXAMPLE 1
Monomethyl monopotassium terephthalate
A solution of 87.5% KOH (143 g, 2.24 moles) in 870 mL of methanol was added to ground dimethylterephthalate (434 g, 2.24 moles) in 2,420ml toluene at room temperature over a period of 45 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated at 65.degree. C. for three hours with stirring and was then allowed to cool to room temperature. The solids were filtered, washed with 3500ml of warm toluene, and dried to yield 464.08 grams (95% yield) of a white solid. IR (nujol) 1735, 1600, 1550, 1410, 1290, 730 cm.sup.-1.
N,N'-Di (4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)piperazine
Monomethyl monopotassium terephthalate (175.8 g, 0.8056 mol) was suspended in toluene (2000 mL) in a 5 L, 3-necked flask equipped with an overhead stirrer, a condenser, and an addition funnel. Thionyl chloride (58.76 mL, 0.8056 mol) was added dropwise to the rapidly stirred suspension and the mixture was heated at 67.degree. C. for three hours. After stirring overnight at rt, the reaction was filtered on a Buchner funnel through a bed of celite and the flitrate containing 4-carbomethoxybenzoyl chloride was retained. At this point the acid chloride can be isolated by addition of an equal volume of diethyl ether, filtration of the potassium chloride by-product and removal of the solvent in vacuo. For most procedures the toluene solution is used directly.
In a 5 L Morton flask, potassium carbonate (266.2 g, 1.61 mol) and piperazine (34.69 g, 0.4027 mol) were dissolved in 1000 mL of water. The toluene solution of 4-carbomethoxybenzoyl chloride was added dropwise while the internal reaction temperature was maintained at 25.degree. C. The mixture was stirred overnight, filtered and washed with toluene, water, 1N HCl and water to provide 127 g (77%) of N,N'-di(4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)piperazine as a white solid. mp. 234.degree.-237.degree. C.; IR (nujol) 1730, 1630, 1610, 1510, 1290, 1260, 1010, 730 cm.sup.-1.
.sup.1 H NMR (200MHz, CDCl.sub.3 /CD.sub.3 COCD.sub.3) .delta.7.48-8.11 (8H, m), 3.93 (6H, s), 3.81 (4H, br s), 3.56 (4H, br s); .sup.13 C NMR (ODCl.sub.3 /CD.sub.3 COCD.sub.3) .delta.169.51,166.05, 139.19, 131.50, 129.89, 126.98, 52.31, 43.80, 41.10; IR (nujol) 2920, 2840, 1720, 1620, 1605, 1455, 1430, 1370, 1360, 1275, 1260, 1100, 1000 cm.sup.-1 ; low res. MS (Cl, isobutane) 411 (MH+).
(N-(4-Carboxybenzoyl)-N'(4-percarboxybenzoyl)piperazine (CBPBPIP)
The ester obtained above is hydrolyzed to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid by known methods. (Green, T. W.; "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", John Wiley & sons: New York, 1981, pp. 158-159) The resulting N,N'-di(4-carboxybenzoyl)piperazine (0.0099 mol) is dissolved in methanesulfonic acid (14 mL) and treated with hydrogen peroxide (1.69 mL of a 70% solution, 0.0446 mol) at 0.degree. C. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 to 5 hours, then poured onto ice-water. The solids are collected on a Buchner funnel, washed with water until the pH is 5, then allowed to air dry overnight.
EXAMPLE 2
N,N'-Di(4-Carbomethoxybenzoyl) ethylenediamine
Prepared using the procedure described for N,N'-di(carbomethoxybenzoyl)piperazine and substituting ethylenediamine (26.9 mL, 0.4028 mol) for piperazine and using 400 mL of water instead of 1000 mL. Yield 88.6 g (57%); mp. 297-299.degree. C.; .sup.1 H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.82 (2 H, br s), 8.06-7.94 (8 H, m), 3.88 (6 H, s), 3.47 (4 H, s); IR (nujol) 3300, 1730, 1640, 1550 cm.sup.-1.
N-(4-Carboxybenzoyl)-N'-(4-Percarboxybenzoyl)ethylenediamine (CBPBED)
The title peracid is obtained from N,N'-di(4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)ethylenediamine using the procedure described for CBPBPIP.
EXAMPLE 3
N,N'-Di(4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine
4-Carbomethoxybenzoyl chloride (9.32 g, 0.046 mol) in chloroform (95 mL) was added to 1,4-phenylenediamine (2.59 g, 0.023 mol) in triethylamine (4.81 mL, 0.035 mol) and chloroform (250 mL) at 4.degree. C. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The chloroform was removed in vacuo. The solid was poured onto cold 5% HCl, filtered and washed with dilute HCl. Recrystallization from DMF yielded 6.16 g (62%) of a pale yellow powder; mp>345.degree. C. .sup.1 H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.06 (8H, s), 7.74 (4H, s), 3.88 (6H, s); .sup.13 C NMR (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 /CD.sub.3 COCD.sub.3) (dec. to acid) .delta.205, 196, 169.77, 167.10, 132.56, 130.95, 128.16, 127.79, 127.03, 122.85, 119.82, 52.02; IR (nujol) 3330, 2900, 2840, 1720, 1640, 1550, 1455, 1410, 1375, 1280, 1190, 1110 cm.sup.-1 ; low res. MS(Cl, isobutane) 433 (MH+), 271,257, 223.
N-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-N'-(4-percarboxybenzoyl)phenylenediamine (CBPBPD)
The title peracid is obtained from N,N'-di(4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)phenylenediamine using the procedure described for CBPBPIP.
EXAMPLE 4
N,N'-Di (4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)-1,4-diaminocyclohexane
4-Carbomethoxybenzoyl chloride (9.057 g, 0.0456 tool) was dissolved in chloroform (180 mL) in a 500 mL 3-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and an addition funnel. To this solution was added trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (2.60 g, 0.0228 mol), triethylamine (7.5 mL, 0.0535 mol) and chloroform (80 mL) at 0.degree. C. over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction was stirred for 2.5 hours and the product filtered from the chloroform. The wet solid was washed with 10% HCl and saturated aqueous NaCl. The product was dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid at 0.degree. C. and then crashed out from ice water to give a white powder in about 80% yield; m.p. >350.degree. C. .sup.1 H NMR (200 MHz, D.sub.2 SO.sub.4) .delta.8.30-7.94 (8H, m), 4.27-4.37 (8H, 2.34-1.80 (8H, br m), .sup.13 C NMR (200 MHz, H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 /CD.sub.3 COCD.sub.3) .delta.170.92, 132.32, 129.92, 129.25, 127.61, 55.04, 51.83, 24.07; IR (nujol) 3295, 2920, 2850, 1720, 1630, 1530, 1460, 1375, 1285 cm.sup.-1.
N-4-(Carboxybenzoyl)-N'-(4-percarboxybenzoyl)- 1,4-diaminocyclohexane (CBPBHEX)
The title peracid is obtained from N,N'-di(4-carboxybenzoyl)-1,4-diaminocyclohexane using the procedure described for CBPBPIP.
EXAMPLE 5
Carboethoxyadipoyl Chloride
Adipic acid monoethyl ester (25.63 g, 0.147 mol) was combined with thionyl chloride (34.98 g, 0.293 mol) in a round-bottomed flask equipped with a condenser and heated at 37.degree. C. for 3 hours. The condenser was replaced by a modified still head and excess thionyl chloride removed at 5mm Hg. The product (26.84 g, 95%) was distilled as a clear liquid (59.degree. C./about 0.1 mm Hg). IR 3550, 3420, 2950, 2910, 2840, 1785, 1715, 1455, 1360, 1230, 1170, 1140, 1080, 1010, 940 cm.sup.-1.
N,N'-Di(carboethoxyadipoyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine
Carboethoxyadipoyl chloride (13.74 g, 0.071 mol) in chloroform (40 mL) was added to 1,4-phenylenediamine (3.89 g, 0.036 mol) in chloroform (330 mL) and triethylamine (7.53 mL, 0.054 mol) at 4.degree. C. The reaction medium was allowed to warm to room temperature over the course of 5 hours. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate gave 6.30 g (42%) of a white fluffy solid; m.p. 156.degree.-160.degree. C. .sup.1 H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.9.81 (2H, s, NH), 7.49 (4H, s), 4.04 (4H, q), 1.57 (8H, m), 2.34 (8H, m), 1.18 (6H, t); .sup.13 C NMR .delta.173.65, 171.25, 134.38, 120.74, 60.39, 36.90, 33.98, 25.01, 24.42, 14.23; IR (nujol) 3290, 2920, 2840, 1720, 1645, 1540, 1455, 1370, 1290, 1255, 1170 cm.sup.1 ; low res MS(CI, isobutane) 421 (MH+).
N-Carboxyadipoyl-N'-(percarboxyadipoyl)phenylenediamine (CAPAPD)
The title peracid is obtained from N,N'-di(carboethoxyadipoyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine and 2 equivalents of hydrogen peroxide using the procedure described for CBPBPIP.
EXAMPLE 6
N,N'-Di(4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)-1,4-butanediamine
4-Carbomethoxybenzoyl chloride (19.07 g, 0.096 mol) was dissolved in toluene (380 mL) in a 3-necked, 1000 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, thermometer, and addition funnel. A solution of 1,4-butanediamine in water (80 mL) was added dropwise over a period of 40 minutes while the temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained at 25.degree. C. by a water bath. A white solid formed immediately and the reaction mixture stirred for an additional 2 hours. The solid was collected on a frit and washed with toluene, water, 5% HCl, and water. Recrystallization from DMF gave white crystals which were dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree. C.; yield 17.91 g (90%); m.p. 260.degree.-261.degree. C. .sup.1 H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.8.70 (2H, m), 8.05-7.93 (8H, m) 3.88 (6H, s) 3.34 (4H, s), 1.58 (4H, s); IR (nujol) 3300, 1720, 1625, 1530, 1275, 1105, 860, 730 cm.sup.-1 ; low res. MS (Cl, isobutane) 413 (MH+); .sup.13 C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.166.9, 165.7, 165.4, 165.2, 138.7, 131.6, 129.0, 127.5, 127.2, 52.3, 26.5.
N-(4-Carboxybenzoyl)-N'-(4-percarboxybenzoyl)-1,4-butanediamine (CBPBBD)
The title peracid is obtained from N,N'-Di(4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)-l,4-butanediamine using the procedure described for CBPBPIP.
EXAMPLE 7
N,N-Di(4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)-1,2-phenylenediamine
4-Carbomethoxybenzoyl chloride (18.5 g, 0.093 mol) was dissolved in chloroform (100 mL) under nitrogen and cooled to 0.degree. C. A solution of 1,2-phenylenediamine (5.00 g, 0.046 mol) and triethylamine (12.8 mL, 0.092 mol) in chloroform (350 mL) was added dropwise. After 16 hours at room temperature, triethylammonium chloride was removed by filtration on a frit containing filter paper. The organic layer was washed with cold 5% HCl (3.times.200 mL), saturated NaCl solution (2.times.150 mL), and dried over magnesium sulfate. The product was isolated by removal of chloroform under reduced pressure. Recrystallization from ethanol yielded 12.19 g (61%) of a white powder; m.p. 211.degree.-216.degree. C. .sup.1 H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.10.24 (2H, s), 8.09-8.07 (8H, 2s), 7.69 (2H, s), 7.33 (2H, s), 3.90-3.88 (6H, 2s); .sup.13 C NMR (50 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.165.29, 164.37, 138.13, 131.81,130.94, 128.94, 127.69, 125.79, 125.79, 125.42, 52.08; IR (nujol)3380, 3280, 1720, 1645, 1540, 1290, 1275, 1100 cm.sup.-1 ; low res. MS (Cl, isobutane) 433 (MH+) 271, 165.
N-(4-Carboxybenzoyl)-N'-(4-percarboxybenzoyl)-1,2-phenylenediamine (CBPBPD)
The title peracid is obtained from N,N'-Di(4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)1,2-phenylenediamine using the procedure described for CBPBPIP.
EXAMPLE 8
N,N'-Succinoyl-di(4-carbomethoxy)aniline
Succinyl chloride was distilled under reduced pressure prior to use. To a 1000 mL round-bottomed flask under nitrogen, methyl-4-aminobenzoate (20 g, 0.132 mol). pyridine (10.7 mL, 0.133 mol), and chloroform (250 mL) were combined and cooled to 0.degree. C. A chloroform solution of succinoyl chloride (7.5 mL, 0.068 mol) was added dropwise. A lavender precipitate was observed upon addition. After 2 hours at room temperature the product was filtered on a frit, washed with 5% HCl (2.times.400 mL), then with water (600 mL) and then allowed to air dry on the frit. The product was recrystallized from DMF and dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree. C. to afford 16.09 g (62%) of white crystals; m.p. 284.degree.-285.degree. C. .sup.1 H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.10.42 (2H, s), 7.96-7.74 (SH, s), 3.85 (6H, s), 2.75 (4H, s); IR (nujol) 3340, 3320, 1710, 1690, 1675, 1610, 1595, 1530, 1295, 1270, 1175, 1160, 1105, 770 cm.sup.-1 ; low res. MS (Cl, isobutane) 385 (MH+), 234, 152; .sup.13 C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.170.9, 165.7, 143.6, 130.2, 123.6, 118.2, 51.7, 31.0.
N,N'-Succinoyl-(4-carboxy)aniline-(4-percarboxy)aniline (SCAPA)
The title peracid is obtained from N,N'-succinoyl-di(4-carbomethoxy)aniline using the procedure described for CBPBPIP.
EXAMPLE 9
N,N'-Di(carboethoxy adipoyl)ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine (1.17 g, 0.0195 mol) in water (5 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of carboethoxyadipoyl chloride (2.5 g, 0.013 mol) in toluene (36 mL) at room temperature. After stirring for an additional 2.5 hours, the white solid was filtered, washed with toluene, water, 0.1N HCl and water and dried in a vacuum oven at 63.degree. C. In an attempt to eliminate an impurity evident in the IR spectrum (3080 cm.sup.-1), the material was taken up in toluene, the insolubles removed by filtration, and the toluene removed in vacuo to yield a white powder (0.31 g, 13%); m.p. 117.degree.-120.degree. C. (white residue remained after most melted). .sup.1 H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.7.83 (2H, br s), 4.05 (4H, q) 3.37 (H.sub.2 O), 3.07 (5H, br s), 2.28-2.02 (10H, br s), 1.49 (9H, br s), 1.18 (6H, t); relative to the ethoxy protons, the integration of peaks at 3.07 and 1.49 is high by one proton each, and at 2.28-2.02 by two protons; IR (nujol) 3300, 3080, 2920, 2850, 1725, 1640, 1550, 1460, 1375, 1270, 1245, 1180, 730 cm.sup.-.
Since the toluene purification did not eliminate the unidentified impurity, the method described for the preparation of N,N'-(4-carbomethoxybenzoyl)piperazine was used. Carboethoxyadipoyl chloride (1.0 g, 0.0052 mol) in chloroform (12 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of ethylenediamine (0.16 g, 0.0026 mol), triethylamine (0.54 mL, 0.0039 mol), and chloroform (5 mL) was recrystallized from toluene to give 0.20 g (21%) of a white powder which still contained the impurity by IR and NMR; m.p. 120.degree.-122.degree. C. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate also did not eliminate the impurity. .sup.13 C NMR (200 MHz, CDCl.sub.3 /CD.sub.3 COCD.sub.3) .delta.207.44, 173.87, 60.38, 40.07, 36.08, 33.90, 25.12, 24.39, 14.33, 14.25; low res. MS(Cl, isobutane) 373 (MH+).
N-(Carboxyadipoyl)-N'-(percarboxyadipoyl)ethylenediamine
The title peracid is obtained from N,N'-di(carboethoxyadipoyl)ethylenediamine using the procedure described for CBPBPIP.
EXAMPLE 10
N,N'-Di(4-carboxyaniline)terephthalate
4-Aminobenzoic acid (2.1 eq. 14.11 g, 0.103 mol) and sodium carbonate (5 eq, 25.92 g, 0.245 mol) were stirred rapidly in 4000 mL water. Ground terephthaloyl chloride was added portionwise at room temperature. After stirring for 72 hours, the solution was poured onto 10% HCl. The solids were collected by filtration and washed with water to give 16.6g (83% yield) of a white powder. An impurity in this product is N-(4-carboxybenzoyl)4-aminobenzoic acid, which is the monoaddition adduct (less than 3%). .sup.1 H NMR (200 MHz. DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.10.74 (2 H, s), 8.15-7.90 (12 H, m), 3.4 (2H, br s); IR (nujol) 3360, 1690, 1660, 1610 cm.sup.-1.
N-(4-carboxyaniline)-N'-(4-Percarboxyaniline)terephthalate (CAPAT)
The title peracid is obtained from N,N'-di(4-carboxyaniline)terephthalate using the procedure described for CBPBPIP.
EXAMPLE 11
N,N'-Terephthaloyl-(6-aminocaproic acid-6-aminoperoxycaproic acid) (TPACAP)
N,N'-Terephthaloyl-di(6-aminocaproic acid) * is dissolved in sulfuric acid (3.065 mL H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 per gram of carboxylic acid), cooled to 0.degree. C. and treated with two molar equivalents of 70% hydrogen peroxide. This mixture is stirred for one hour at room temperature and then poured onto a large volume of ice water. The precipitated peracid is filtered and washed until its pH is 4.5-5.0. IR of a 50% active sample exhibited absorption at 3320, 1760, 1740, 1710, 1630, 1540 and 1500 cm. HPLC analysis was conducted for samples with activities of 95%, 87% and 67%. The percentage of diperacid, monoperacid, and dicarboxylic acid was 91, 8, 1 (95% active), 82, 12, 5 (87% active) and 38, 49, 10 (67% active), respectively. Extrapolation of these values to a sample with 47% activity gave 0% diperacid, 79% monoperacid and 16% dicarboxylic acid.
*Zinner, H., Sych, G., and Ludwig, W.; J. Prakt. Chem. 17, 147-153 (1962)
EXAMPLE 12
The bleaching performance of a typical amido peroxyacid according to the invention, i.e. TPACAP, as described in Example 11, was evaluated for removal of tea (BC-1) stains. Typically the cotton test pieces (3".times.4") were stained with the appropriate stain and washed in a Terg-o-tometer for 15 minutes at 33.degree. C. in a 500 mL aqueous wash solution at pH 8.0. Dosage of the amido peroxyacid was at 5 and 10 ppm active oxygen.
Stain bleaching was measured reflectometrically using a Colorgard System/05 Reflectometer. Bleaching was indicated by an increase in reflectance, reported as .DELTA..DELTA.R. In general a .DELTA..DELTA.R of one unit is perceivable in a paired comparison while .DELTA..DELTA.R of two units is perceivable monadically. In reporting the reflectance change, the change in reflectance caused by general detergency has been accounted for. Thus .DELTA..DELTA.R can actually be expressed as:
.DELTA..DELTA.R=[.DELTA.R peracid+detergent]-.DELTA.detergent
where .DELTA.R is the reflectance difference of the stained fabric after and before washing.
TABLE______________________________________Bleach Performance of TPCAP as Mono and Diperacid 10 ppm (active oxygen) 5 ppm (active oxygen)______________________________________Diperacid.sup.1 4.8 4.4Monoperacid.sup.2 7.2 5.5______________________________________ .sup.1 90% di, 10% mono (94% active) .sup.2 100% mono (47% active)
Based on the results as seen in the Table, the TPCAP mono-peracid bleached better than the diperacid.
The foregoing description and examples illustrate selected embodiments of the present invention. In light thereof, various modifications will be suggested to one skilled in the art, all of which are within the spirit and purview of this invention.

Number	Name	Date
4634551	Burns et al.	Jan 1987
4642198	Humphreys et al.	Feb 1987
4659519	Ku	Apr 1987
4686063	Burns	Aug 1987
4758369	Dyroff et al.	Jul 1988
4822510	Madison et al.	Apr 1989
4992194	Liberati et al.	Feb 1991
5061807	Gethoffer et al.	Oct 1991
5098598	Sankey et al.	Mar 1992
5132431	Fuchs et al.	Jul 1992
5220052	Troughton et al.	Jun 1993
5268003	Coope et al.	Dec 1993

Number	Date	Country
2054466	Oct 1991	CAX
0325288	Jul 1989	EPX
0325289	Jul 1989	EPX
0435379	Jul 1991	EPX

Amido peroxycarboxylic acids for bleaching

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