Patent Application
20250011310
One or more embodiments relate to an amine-based compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices that, as compared with related art devices, have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and produce full-color images.
OLEDs may include a first electrode disposed on a substrate, and may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region. Electrons provided from the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers, such as holes and electrons, may recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transit from an excited state to a ground state to thereby generate light.
An aspect according to one or more embodiments is directed toward an amine-based compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.
According to one or more embodiments, an amine-based compound is represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B:
In Formulae 1A and 1B,
According to one or more embodiments, an organic light-emitting device may include: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer may include an emission layer and at least one amine-based compound described above.
These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of”, when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present invention refers to “one or more embodiments of the present invention.”
As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art. Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 and the recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.
As the inventive concept allows various modifications and include various embodiments, example embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in more detail in the written description. Effects, features, and a method of achieving the inventive concept will become apparent by reference to the example embodiments of the inventive concept, together with the accompanying drawings. The inventive concept may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the example embodiments set forth herein.
Hereinafter, the inventive concept will be described in more detail by explaining example embodiments of the inventive concept with reference to the attached drawings. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements, and thus their description will not be repeated.
In the embodiments described in the present specification, an expression used in the singular encompasses the expression of the plural, unless it has a clearly different meaning in the context.
In the present specification, it is to be understood that the terms such as “including,” “having,” and “comprising” are intended to indicate the existence of the features or components disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may exist or may be added.
It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being “on” or “onto” another layer, region, or component, it may be directly or indirectly formed over the other layer, region, or component. That is, for example, intervening layers, regions, or components may be present.
Sizes of components in the drawings may be exaggerated for convenience of explanation. In other words, because sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of explanation, the following embodiments are not limited thereto.
The amine-based compound may be represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B:
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, A1 to A5 may each independently be selected from a benzene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a fluorene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, an indole group, an isoindole group, an indazole group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a carbazole group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a benzothiazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxazole group, a triazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a benzoxazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, and a dibenzocarbazole group.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, A1 to A5 may each independently be selected from a benzene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a fluorene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, and a carbazole group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, A1 to A5 may each independently be selected from a benzene group and a naphthalene group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, A1 to A5 may each independently be a benzene group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In Formulae 1A and 1B, X1 may be O, S, N-(L1)a1-(R1)b1, or C(R9)(R10), and X2 may be O, S, or C(R11)(R12).
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, X1 may be N-(L1)a1-(R1)b1, and X2 may be O, S, or C(R11)(R12); or X1 may be O, and X2 may be C(R11)(R12), but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In Formulae 1A and 1B, L1 to L3 may each independently be selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C60 carbocyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, L1 to L3 may each independently be selected from a single bond, a benzene group, a pentalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacene group, a pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a carbazole group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a benzothiazole group, an iso-oxazole group, an oxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a benzoxazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, and a dibenzocarbazole group; and
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, L1 to L3 may each independently be selected from a single bond and groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-46:
In some embodiments, L1 to L3 may each independently be selected from a single bond and groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-7, 3-31 to 3-34, 3-42, and 3-43.
In some embodiments, L1 to L3 may each independently be selected from a single bond and groups represented by Formulae 3-1, 3-2, and 3-34.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-46, Z1 to Z7 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, L1 to L3 may each independently be selected from a single bond and a benzene group; and
In Formulae 1A and 1B, a1 to a3 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5. a1 indicates the number of L1 groups; when a1 is 2 or greater, at least two L1 groups may be identical to or different from each other. Descriptions for a2 and a3 may be understood by referring to (may be the same as) the descriptions for a1 provided herein.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, a1 to a3 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 3.
For example, a1 to a3 may each be 1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In Formulae 1A and 1B, R1 to R12 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —B(Q1)(Q2), and —C(═O)(Q1),
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, R1 and R2 may each independently be selected from a C6-C60 aryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, R1 and R2 may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, R1 and R2 may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-79, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, R1 and R2 may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-20, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, R1 and R2 may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-3, 5-13 to 5-16, and 5-20, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-79, Z31 to Z37 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, R1 and R2 may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-42, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In Formulae 1A and 1B, R3 to R12 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), and —N(Q1)(Q2);
In some embodiments, R3 to R12 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a ter-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, a hexyl group, a phenyl group, and a biphenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In Formulae 1A and 11B, b1 to b3 and b5 to b8 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 10, and b4 may be an integer from 1 to 3.
b1 indicates the number of R1 groups; when b1 is 2 or greater, at least two R1 groups may be identical to or different from each other. Descriptions for b2 to b8 may each be understood by referring to (may be the same as) the descriptions for b1 provided herein.
At least one substituent of the substituted C5-C60 carbocyclic group, the substituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group, the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C1 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:
In some embodiments, the amine-based compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B may be represented by Formula 1C or 1 D, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In some embodiments, the compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B may be represented by one of Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-4 and 1B-1 to 1B-16, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-4 and 1B-1 to 1B-16, X1 may be N-(L1)a1-(R1)b1, and X2 may be O, S, or C(R11)(R12),
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-4 and 1B-1 to 1B-16, L1 to L3 may each independently be selected from a single bond and a benzene group; and
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-4 and 1B-1 to 1B-16, R1 and R2 may each independently be selected from Formulae 6-1 to 6-42, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A and 1B, R9 and R10 and/or R11 and R12 may be bound to each other to form a group represented by one of Formulae 7-1 to 7-3:
In Formulae 7-1 to 7-3,
In some embodiments, the compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B may be selected from Compounds 1 to 265, 267 to 284, 207A, 208A and 226A, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
The amine-based compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B has a structure in which nitrogen (N) is bound to a substituent represented by Formula 1A′, and thus the compound may have a molecular structure having a large steric hindrance. Accordingly, the amine-based compound may maintain optimum intermolecular density. Further, the amine-based compound may have excellent hole transportability due to the increased interaction of an unshared electron pair of oxygen (O), which is relatively sterically exposed:
Furthermore, the amine-based compound includes an amine group in a molecule. Thus, the amine-based compound may have a suitable energy level, as compared with a compound including at least two amine groups. Accordingly, the amine-based compound may have improved hole mobility due to reduced hole transport barrier and hole injection barrier.
Therefore, an electronic device, e.g., an organic light-emitting device, employing the amine-based compound may have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.
Methods of synthesizing the amine-based compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B should be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Examples described herein.
At least one of the amine-based compounds represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B may be included between a pair of electrodes in an organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the amine-based compound may be included in at least one selected from a hole transport region, an electron transport region, and an emission layer. In some embodiments, the amine-based compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B may be utilized as a material for forming a capping layer, which is on outer sides of a pair of electrodes in an organic light-emitting device.
Accordingly, there is provided an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one amine-based compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B.
As used herein, the expression “(for example, the organic layer) including at least one amine-based compound” refers to that “(the organic layer) including an amine-based compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B, or at least two different amine-based compounds represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B”.
For example, the organic layer may include only Compound 1 as the amine-based compound. In this embodiment, Compound 1 may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the organic layer may include Compounds 1 and 2 as the amine-based compounds. In this embodiment, Compounds 1 and 2 may be present in the same layer (for example, Compounds 1 and 2 may be both present in an emission layer), or in different layers (for example, Compound 1 may be present in an emission layer, and Compound 2 may be present in an electron transport layer).
In some embodiments, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the organic layer may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include the amine-based compound.
In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, wherein at least one of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer may include the amine-based compound.
In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include a hole transport layer, wherein the hole transport layer may include the amine-based compound.
In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include a p-dopant, wherein the p-dopant may have the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of −3.5 electron Volts (eV) or less.
In some embodiments, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound.
In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer including the p-dopant.
In some embodiments, the emission layer may include at least one selected from a styryl-based compound, an anthracene-based compound, a pyrene-based compound, and a spiro-bifluorene-based compound.
The term “organic layer” as used herein refers to a single and/or a plurality of layers between the first electrode and the second electrode in an organic light-emitting device. A material included in the “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.
Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment will be described in connection with
In
The first electrode 110 may be formed by vacuum-depositing or sputtering, onto the substrate, a material for forming the first electrode 110. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for the first electrode 110 may be selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection.
The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, as a material for forming the first electrode 110, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combination thereof may be utilized, but embodiments are not limited thereto. When the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, as a material for forming the first electrode 110, magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and any combination thereof may be utilized, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers. In some embodiments, the first electrode 110 may have a triple-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The organic layer 150 may be on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 may include an emission layer.
The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode 190.
The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers, each including a single or a plurality of different materials.
The hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer.
For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials or a multi-layered structure, e.g., a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer, a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer, a structure of hole injection layer/emission auxiliary layer, a structure of hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer, or a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, wherein layers of each structure are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 110 in each stated order, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The hole transport region may include the amine-based compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B.
The hole transport region may include, in addition to the amine-based compound represented by one of Formulae 1A and 1B, at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), (polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:
In Formulae 201 and 202,
In some embodiments, in Formula 202, R201 and R202 may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group, and R203 and R204 may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group.
In one embodiment, in Formulae 201 and 202, L201 to L205 may each independently be selected from
In one or more embodiments, xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.
In one or more embodiments, xa5 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.
In one or more embodiments, R201 to R204 and Q201 may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 201, at least one of R201 to R203 may each independently be selected from
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R201 may be linked to R202 via a single bond, and/or ii) R203 may be linked to R204 via a single bond.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, at least one of R201 to R204 may be selected from
The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A:
In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A(1), but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
The compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A:
In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A-1:
In Formulae 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,
The hole transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
The thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 (Angstroms) Å to about 10,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within the above-described ranges, excellent hole transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The emission auxiliary layer may increase light emission efficiency by compensating for an optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted by an emission layer. The electron blocking layer may reduce or eliminate the flow of electrons from an electron transport region. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer may include the aforementioned materials.
p-Dopant
The hole transport region may include a charge generating material as well as the aforementioned materials, to improve conductive properties of the hole transport region. The charge generating material may be substantially homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.
The charge generating material may include, for example, a p-dopant.
In some embodiments, the LUMO energy level of the p-dopant may be about −3.5 eV or less.
The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the p-dopant may include:
In Formula 221,
When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer, according to a sub-pixel. In some embodiments, the emission layer may have a stacked structure. The stacked structure may include two or more layers selected from a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. The two or more layers may be in direct contact with each other. Alternatively, the two or more layers may be separated from each other. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include two or more materials. The two or more materials may include a red light-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, or a blue light-emitting material. The two or more materials may be mixed with each other in a single layer. The two or more materials mixed with each other in the single layer may emit white light.
The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include at least one of a fluorescent dopant and a phosphorescent dopant.
The amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be, in general, in a range of about 0.01 parts to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within the above-described ranges, improved luminescence characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The host may include a compound represented by Formula 301:
[Ar301]xb11-[(L301)xb1-R301]xb21 Formula 301
In some embodiments, Ar301 in Formula 301 may be selected from
When xb11 in Formula 301 is 2 or greater, at least two Ar301 groups may be linked via a single bond.
In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 301 may be represented by Formula 301-1 or 301-2:
In Formulae 301-1 to 301-2,
In some embodiments, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, L301 to L304 may each independently be selected from
In some embodiments, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, R301 to R304 may each independently be selected from
In some embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex. For example, the host may include a beryllium (Be) complex, e.g., Compound H55, a magnesium (Mg) complex, or a zinc (Zn) complex.
The host may include at least one selected from 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and Compounds H1 to H55, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
The phosphorescent dopant may include an organic metal complex represented by Formula 401:
In Formulae 401 and 402,
In one embodiment, A401 and A402 in Formula 402 may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a carbazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, i) X401 may be nitrogen, and X402 may be carbon, or ii) X401 and X402 may each be nitrogen.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, R401 and R402 may each independently be selected from
In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in Formula 401 is 2 or greater, two A401(s) in at least two L401(s) may optionally be linked to each other via X407, which is a linking group; or two A402(s) in at least two L401(s) may optionally be linked to each other via X408, which is a linking group (see Compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7). X407 and X408 may each independently be selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q413)—*′, *—C(Q413)(Q414)—*′, and *—C(Q413)═C(Q414)—*′, wherein Q413 and Q414 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
L402 in Formula 401 may be any suitable monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. In some embodiments, L402 may be selected from halogen, diketone (e.g., acetylacetonate), a carboxylic acid (e.g., picolinate), —C(═O), isonitrile, —CN, and phosphorus (e.g., phosphine or phosphite), but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may include, for example, at least one selected from Compounds PD1 to PD25, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
The fluorescent dopant may include an arylamine compound or a styrylamine compound.
The host may include a compound represented by Formula 501:
In Formula 501,
In some embodiments, Ar501 in Formula 501 may be selected from
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 501, L501 to L503 may each independently be selected from
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 501, R501 and R502 may each independently be selected from
In one or more embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from Compounds FD1 to FD22:
In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from the following compounds, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
The electron transport region may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.
The electron transport region may include at least one selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the electron transport region may have a structure of an electron transport layer/electron injection layer, a structure of a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, a structure of an electron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, or a structure of a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, wherein layers of each structure are sequentially stacked on the emission layer in each stated order, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The electron transport region, e.g., a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region, may include a metal-free compound. The metal-free compound may include at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.
The term “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 heterocyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety as a ring-forming moiety.
For example, the “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” may be i) a 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups, each having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, are condensed, or iii) a heteropolycyclic group in which at least one 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group, having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, is condensed with at least one C5-C60 carbocyclic group.
Examples of the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring may include an imidazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, an isothiazole, an oxazole, an isoxazole, a pyridine, a pyrazine, a pyrimidine, a pyridazine, an indazole, a purine, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, a benzoquinoline, a phthalazine, a naphthyridine, a quinoxaline, a quinazoline, a cinnoline, a phenanthridine, an acridine, a phenanthroline, a phenazine, a benzimidazole, an iso-benzothiazole, a benzoxazole, an isobenzoxazole, a triazole, a tetrazole, an oxadiazole, a triazine, a thiadiazole, an imidazopyridine, an imidazopyrimidine, and an azacarbazole, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601:
[Ar601]xe11-[(L601)xe1-R601]xe21 Formula 601
R601 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q601)(Q602)(Q603), —C(═O)(Q601), —S(═O)2(Q601), and —P(═O)(Q601)(Q602),
In one embodiment, at least one of Ar601 groups in the number of xe11 and R601 groups in the number of xe21 may include the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.
In some embodiments, Ar601 in Formula 601 may be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an iso-benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and
When xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or greater, at least two Ar601 groups may be linked via a single bond.
In one or more embodiments, Ar601 in Formula 601 may be an anthracene group.
In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 may be represented by Formula 601-1:
In Formula 601-1,
R614 to R616 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
In one embodiment, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, L601 and L611 to L613 may each independently be selected from
In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, xe1 and xe611 to xe613, may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.
In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, R601 and R611 to R613 may each independently be selected from
The electron transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include at least one compound selected from 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq3, BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and NTAZ:
The thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer may each independently be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer or the electron control layer are within the above-described ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics or excellent electron controlling characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the above-described ranges, excellent electron transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a material including metal (e.g., a metal ion).
The material including metal may include at least one selected from an alkali metal complex and an alkaline earth metal complex. The alkali metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a lithium (L1) ion, a sodium (Na) ion, a potassium (K) ion, a rubidium (Rb) ion, and a cesium (Cs) ion. The alkaline earth metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a beryllium (Be) ion, a magnesium (Mg) ion, a calcium (Ca) ion, an strontium (Sr) ion, and a barium (Ba) ion. Each ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex and the alkaline earth metal complex may independently be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyloxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
For example, the material including metal may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, e.g., Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or Compound
The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 190.
The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers, each including a plurality of different materials.
The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof.
The alkali metal may be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In one embodiment, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The alkaline earth metal may be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
The rare earth metal may be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Gd.
The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may each independently be selected from oxides and halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodines) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, respectively.
The alkali metal compound may be selected from alkali metal oxides (such as Li2O, Cs2O, or K2O), and alkali metal halides (such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, or RbI). In one embodiment, the alkali metal compound may be selected from LiF, Li2O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The alkaline earth metal compound may be selected from alkaline earth metal compounds such as BaO, SrO, CaO, BaxSr1-xO (where 0<x<1), and BaxCa1-xO (where 0<x<1). In one embodiment, the alkaline earth metal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF3, ScF3, ScO3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, and TbF3. In one embodiment, the rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF3, ScF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, and TbI3, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may each include ions of the above-described alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal. Each ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may independently be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenyl thiazole, a hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The electron injection layer may include (e.g., consist of) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof, as described above. In some embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.
The thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and in some embodiments, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the above-described ranges, excellent electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The second electrode 190 may be on the organic layer 150. In an embodiment, the second electrode 190 may be a cathode that is an electron injection electrode. In this embodiment, a material for forming the second electrode 190 may be a material having a low work function, for example, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof.
The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium (L1), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.
The second electrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.
Referring to
The first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, and the second electrode 190 illustrated in
In the organic light-emitting devices 20 and 40, light emitted from the emission layer in the organic layer 150 may pass through the first electrode 110 (which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode) and through the first capping layer 210 to the outside. In the organic light-emitting devices 30 and 40, light emitted from the emission layer in the organic layer 150 may pass through the second electrode 190 (which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode) and through the second capping layer 220 to the outside.
The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may improve the external luminescence efficiency based on the principle of constructive interference.
The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently be an organic capping layer including an organic material, an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or a composite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.
At least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include at least one material selected from carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine-based compounds, porphine derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, alkali metal complexes, and alkaline earth metal complexes. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine-based compound may optionally be substituted with a substituent containing at least one element selected from O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. In one embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include an amine-based compound.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include a compound represented by Formula 201 or a compound represented by Formula 202.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include a compound selected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compound CP1 to CP5, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to
The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region may be formed in a specific region (e.g., in a respective region) utilizing one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, ink-jet printing, laser printing, and/or laser-induced thermal imaging.
When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and/or the layers constituting the electron transport region are each formed by vacuum deposition, the vacuum deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature in a range of about 100° C. to about 500° C. at a vacuum degree in a range of about 10−8 torr to about 10−3 torr, and at a deposition rate in a range of about 0.01 Angstroms per second (Å/sec) to about 100 Å/sec, depending on the material to be included in each layer and the structure of each layer to be formed.
When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and/or the layers constituting the electron transport region are each formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating rate of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80° C. to about 200° C., depending on the material to be included in each layer and the structure of each layer to be formed.
The term “C1-C60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples thereof may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C1-C60 alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C1-C60 alkyl group.
The term “C2-C60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group. Examples thereof may include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C2-C60 alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C2-C60 alkenyl group.
The term “C2-C60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group. Examples thereof may include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term “C2-C60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C2-C60 alkynyl group.
The term “C1-C60 alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA101 (wherein A101 is a C1-C60 alkyl group). Examples thereof may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples thereof may include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples thereof may include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples thereof may include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Examples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group may include a 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C6-C60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C6-C60 aryl group may include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C6-C60 aryl group and the C6-C60 arylene group each independently include two or more rings, the respective rings may be fused.
The term “C1-C60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C1-C60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C1-C60 heteroaryl group may include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C1-C60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C60 heteroarylene group each independently include two or more rings, the respective rings may be fused.
The term “C6-C60 aryloxy group” as used herein refers to a group represented by —OA102 (where A102 is a C6-C60 aryl group). The term “C6-C60 arylthio group” as used herein refers to a group represented by —SA103 (where A103 is a C6-C60 aryl group).
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed and only carbon atoms as ring forming atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms), wherein the entire molecular structure is non-aromatic. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group may be a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more condensed rings and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S, in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms), as a ring-forming atom, wherein the entire molecular structure is non-aromatic. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
The term “C5-C60 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group that includes 5 to 60 carbon atoms, in which the ring-forming atoms are only carbon atoms. The C5-C60 carbocyclic group may be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. The term “C5-C60 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a ring (e.g., a benzene group), a monovalent group (e.g., a phenyl group), or a divalent group (e.g., a phenylene group). In one or more embodiments, depending on the number of substituents connected to the C5-C60 carbocyclic group, the C5-C60 carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group.
The term “C1-C60 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a group having substantially the same structure as the C5-C60 carbocyclic group, except that at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S is used as a ring-forming atom, in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms).
In the present specification, at least one substituent of the substituted C5-C60 carbocyclic group, the substituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkylene group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C6-C60 arylene group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:
The term “Ph” as used herein represents a phenyl group. The term “Me” as used herein represents a methyl group. The term “Et” as used herein represents an ethyl group. The term “ter-Bu” or “But” as used herein represents a tert-butyl group. The term “OMe” as used herein represents a methoxy group.
The term “biphenyl group” as used herein refers to a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group. The “biphenyl group” belongs to “a substituted phenyl group” having a “C6-C60 aryl group” as a substituent.
The term “terphenyl group” as used herein refers to a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group. The “terphenyl group” belongs to “a substituted phenyl group” having a “C6-C60 aryl group substituted with a C6-C60 aryl group” as a substituent.
The symbols * and *′ as used herein, unless defined otherwise, each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula.
Hereinafter, compounds and an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. The wording “B was utilized instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of B utilized was identical to an amount of A utilized in terms of molar equivalents.
5 grams (g) of 1-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan (Intermediate (a)), 6.4 g of 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (Intermediate (b)), 6.4 g of potassium tert-butoxide (KtOBu), 0.3 g of P(tBu)3, and 0.4 g of Pd2(dba)3 were diluted in toluene, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. under reflux. After a 20-hour lapse, the temperature was lowered to room temperature. Subsequently, the reaction was terminated utilizing water. An organic layer was extracted therefrom three times utilizing ethyl acetate. Then, the organic layer was dried utilizing anhydrous magnesium sulfate, followed by filtration under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was separated and purified through column chromatography to thereby obtain 6.5 g of Intermediate 1-1 (yield: 86%). The compound thus obtained was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). C27H21 NO: calc'd: M+375.16 foun'd: 375.26.
Compound 1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.8 g of Intermediate 1-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.7 g of 3-iodo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (Intermediate (c)) was utilized instead of 1-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan (Intermediate (a)).
C45H32N2O: calc'd: M+616.25 foun'd: 616.35.
8.2 g of Intermediate 2-1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 8 g of Intermediate (d) was utilized instead of Intermediate (b) (yield: 82%). C37H25NO: calc'd: M+499.19 foun'd: 499.29.
Compound 2 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 1, except that 5 g of Intermediate 2-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate 1-1. C55H36N2O: calc'd: M+740.28 foun'd: 740.38.
5.2 g of Intermediate 3-1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 8 g of Intermediate (e) was utilized instead of Intermediate (b) (yield: 52%). C37H25NO: calc'd: M+497.18 foun'd: 497.28.
7.4 g of Compound 3 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 1, except that 5 g of Intermediate 3-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate 1-1 (yield: 75%). C55H36N2O: calc'd: M+740.28 foun'd: 740.38.
5.1 g of Intermediate 4-1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 4.9 g of 1-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was utilized instead of 5 g of Intermediate (a), and 7.1 g of spiro[cyclopentane-1,9′-fluoren]-2′-amine was utilized instead of Intermediate (b) (yield: 64%).
C29H23NO: calc'd: M+401.18 foun'd: 401.20.
4.6 g of Compound 4 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 4 g of Intermediate 4-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.7 g of 3-iodo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole was utilized instead of 5 g of Intermediate (a) (yield: 72%).
C47H34N2O: calc'd: M+647.27 foun'd: 647.28.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=8.22 (m, 1H), 7.79 (dd, 2H), 7.72 (dd, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.54-7.14 (m, 17H), 6.95 (d, 1H), 6.90 (dd, 1H), 6.66 (dd, 1H), 6.54 (dd, 1H), 2.19-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.72 (m, 6H)
4.7 g of Compound 5 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.8 g of Intermediate 1-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.4 g of 3-bromo-9-(4-fluorophenyl)-9H-carbazole was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 75%). C45H31 FN2O: calc'd: M+634.24 foun'd 634.34.
5.2 g of Compound 6 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 5 g of Intermediate 2-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.4 g of 3-bromo-9-(4-fluorophenyl)-9H-carbazole was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 68%). C55H35FN2O: calc'd: M+758.27 foun'd 758.37.
5 g of Compound 8 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 4, except that 4 g of Intermediate 4-1 and 3.9 g of 9-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-iodo-9H-carbazole were utilized (yield: 76%).
C47H33FN2O: calc'd: M+660.26 foun'd: 660.27.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=8.22 (m, 1H), 7.79 (dd, 2H), 7.72 (dd, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.48-7.23 (m, 13H), 7.18-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.09-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, 1H), 6.90 (dd, 1H), 6.66 (dd, 1H), 6.54 (dd, 1H), 2.19-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.72 (m, 6H)
4.7 g of Compound 16 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 4, except that 4 g of Intermediate 4-1 and 4 g of 9-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-bromo-9H-carbazole were utilized (yield: 66%).
C53H38N2O: calc'd: M+718.30 foun'd: 718.33.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=8.22 (m, 1H), 7.79 (dd, 2H), 7.72 (dd, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.63-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.23 (m, 18H), 7.18 (dt, 1H), 6.95 (d, 1H), 6.90 (dd, 1H), 6.66 (dd, 1H), 6.59 (dd, 1H), 2.19-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.72 (m, 6H)
4.3 g of Compound 21 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.8 g of Intermediate 1-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2.5 g of 2-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 80%). C45H31 FN2O: calc'd: M+541.20 foun'd: 541.30.
3.8 g of Compound 37 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2.6 g of Intermediate 37-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.7 g of Intermediate (c) was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 76%).
C36H24N2O M+ calc'd: 500.19 foun'd: 500.29.
5.1 g of Compound 93 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.8 g of Intermediate 1-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 4 g of Intermediate 93-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 74%).
C51H36N2O M+ calc'd: 692.28 foun'd: 692.38.
6.3 g of Compound 94 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 5 g of Intermediate 2-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 4 g of Intermediate 93-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 77%).
C61H40N2O M+ calc'd: 816.31 foun'd: 816.41.
6.1 g of Compound 95 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 5 g of Intermediate 3-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 4 g of Intermediate 93-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 75%).
C61H38N2O M+ calc'd: 814.30 foun'd: 814.40.
7.1 g of Compound 101 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.8 g of Intermediate 1-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 4.2 g of Intermediate 101-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 75%).
C51H35FN2O M+ calc'd: 710.27 foun'd: 710.37.
3.1 g of Compound 187 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2.5 g of Intermediate 2-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2 g of 2-bromo-9,9′-spirobi[fluorene] was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 77%).
C62H39NO: calc'd: M+813.30 foun'd: 813.34.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.92-7.84 (m, 4H), 7.79 (m, 1H), 7.72 (dd, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.48-7.41 (m, 5H), 7.36-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.21-7.06 (m, 14H), 6.92 (dd, 1H), 6.81-6.72 (m, 5H), 6.66 (dd, 1H), 6.57 (d, 1H), 6.43 (d, 1H)
3.3 g of Compound 188 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2.5 g of Intermediate 3-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2 g of 2-bromo-9,9′-spirobi[fluorene] was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 81%).
C62H37NO: calc'd: M+811.29 foun'd: 811.31.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.92 (dd, 4H), 7.89 (dd, 2H), 7.79 (td, 1H), 7.72 (dd, 1H), 7.61 (d, 2H), 7.48-7.41 (m, 7H), 7.36-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.21-7.15 (m, 6H), 6.92 (dd, 2H), 6.77-6.73 (m, 6H), 6.68 (dd, 1H), 6.43 (d, 2H)
3.8 g of Compound 204 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 5 g of Intermediate 2-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2.3 g of 2-bromo-1,1′-biphenyl was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 58%).
C49H33NO: M+ calc'd: 651.26 foun'd: 651.36.
3 g of Intermediate 210-1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2.5 g of [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-amine was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2.5 g of 1-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was utilized instead of 5 g of Intermediate (a) (yield: 91%).
C24H17NO: calc'd: M+335.13 foun'd: 335.14.
5.1 g of Compound 210 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3 g of Intermediate 210-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.7 g of 2-bromo-9,9′-spirobi[fluorene] was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 86%).
C49H31 NO: calc'd: M+649.24 foun'd: 649.25.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.92 (dd, 2H), 7.89 (dd, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.59-7.51 (m, 5H), 7.49-7.41 (m, 5H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.21-7.14 (m, 5H), 7.01 (t, 1H), 6.77-6.73 (m, 4H), 6.66 (dd, 1H), 6.61 (dd, 1H), 5.47 (d, 1H)
4.7 g of 2,7-dibromo-9,9′-spirobi[fluorene] and 3.4 g of phenyl boronic acid were diluted with 60 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 20 mL of water. 4.1 g of K2CO3 and 580 mg of Pd(PPh3)4 were added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at a temperature of 65° C. under reflux. Once the reaction was complete, the temperature was lowered to room temperature, and filtration was performed three times utilizing ethyl acetate under reduced pressure. Then, the residue obtained by distillation under reduced pressure was separated and purified through column chromatography to obtain 4.4 g of Intermediate 213-2 (yield: 93%).
C31H19Br: calc'd: M+470.07 foun'd: 470.08.
3 g of Intermediate 213-1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2.5 g of [1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2.5 g of 1-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was utilized instead of 5 g of Intermediate (a) (yield: 91%).
C24H17NO: calc'd: M+335.13 foun'd: 335.14.
5.1 g of Compound 213 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 4.4 g of Intermediate 213-2 was utilized instead of Intermediate (a), and 3 g of Intermediate 213-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b) (yield: 79%).
C55H35NO: calc'd: M+725.27 foun'd: 725.30.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.93 (dd, 2H), 7.79-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.59 (m, 6H), 7.54-7.28 (m, 15H), 7.20 (t, 2H), 6.89 (m, 2H), 6.75 (dd, 2H), 6.68 (dd, 1H), 6.56-6.54 (m, 2H), 5.68 (d, 1H)
3.1 g of Compound 219 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2.4 g of Intermediate 213-2 was utilized instead of Intermediate (a), and 1.9 g of Intermediate 1-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b) (yield: 81%).
C58H39NO: calc'd: M+765.30 foun'd: 765.34.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.93 (dd, 2H), 7.79-7.67 (m, 6H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.53-7.28 (m, 11H), 7.18 (dt, 2H), 7.11 (dd, 2H), 6.89-6.82 (m, 3H), 6.75 (dd, 2H), 6.68 (dd, 1H), 6.50 (d, 1H). 6.10 (d, 1H), 1.61 (s, 6H)
2.5 g of Compound 240 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2 g of 6-bromo-2,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole was utilized instead of Intermediate (a), and 1.7 g of Intermediate 213-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b) (yield: 78%).
C48H32N2O: calc'd: M+625.25 foun'd: 625.29.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.86 (dd, 1H), 7.79-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.65-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.28 (m, 18H), 7.24-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.70-6.65 (m, 3H), 6.59 (dd, 1H)
3.1 g of Intermediate 251-1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2.1 g of 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-1-amine was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2.5 g of 1-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was utilized instead of 5 g of Intermediate (a) (yield: 83%).
C27H21NO: calc'd: M+375.16 foun'd: 375.19.
4 g of Compound 251 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.1 g of Intermediate 251-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.1 g of 3-iodo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 78%).
C45H32N2O: calc'd: M+616.25 foun'd: 616.29.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=8.22 (d, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.77 (td, 1H), 7.70 (dd, 1H), 7.54-7.44 (m, 7H), 7.39-7.22 (m, 10H), 7.11 (dd, 1H), 6.96 (dd, 1H), 6.57-6.47 (m, 3H), 1.68 (s, 6H)
3.5 g of Intermediate 253-1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2.1 g of 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-4-amine was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2.5 g of 1-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was utilized instead of 5 g of Intermediate (a) (yield: 92%).
C27H21NO: calc'd: M+375.16 foun'd: 375.19.
4.6 g of Compound 253 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.5 g of Intermediate 253-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.6 g of 3-iodo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 81%).
C45H32N2O: calc'd: M+616.25 foun'd: 616.29.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=8.22 (d, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.63 (dd, 1H), 7.51-7.21 (m, 16H), 7.14-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.86 (dd, 1H), 6.61-6.59 (m, 1H), 6.53 (dd, 1H), 6.24 (td, 1H), 1.61 (s, 6H)
5.0 g of Compound 256 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.5 g of Intermediate 253-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.2 g of 3-bromo-9-(4-fluorophenyl)-9H-carbazole was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 84%).
C45H31 FN2O: calc'd: M+634.24 foun'd: 634.25.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=8.23 (d, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.72 (td, 1H), 7.62 (dd, 1H), 7.58-7.35 (m, 3H), 7.34-7.21 (m, 10H), 7.14-7.03 (m, 4H), 6.86 (dd, 1H), 6.61 (m, 1H), 6.53 (dd, 1H), 6.24 (dd, 1H, 1.61 (s, 6H)
3.2 g of Intermediate 268-1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 2.1 g of 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2.5 g of 1-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was utilized instead of 5 g of Intermediate (a) (yield: 85%).
C27H21NO: calc'd: M+375.16 foun'd: 375.18.
5.7 g of Compound 268 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.2 g of Intermediate 268-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 4.0 g of Intermediate 213-2 was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 88%).
C58H39NO: calc'd: M+765.30 foun'd: 765.32.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.93 (dd, 2H), 7.79-7.66 (m, 6H). 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.53-7.29 (m, 11H), 7.20 (dt, 2H), 7.11-7.04 (m, 4H), 6.89 (d, 1H), 6.87 (t, 1H), 6.75 (t, 1H), 6.74 (d, 1H), 6.66 (dd, 1H), 6.42 (dd, 1H), 5.68 (d, 1H), 1.52 (s, 6H)
4.8 g of Compound 269 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.2 g of Intermediate 253-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 4.0 g of Intermediate 213-2 was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 74%).
C58H39NO: calc'd: M+765.30 foun'd: 765.32.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.93 (d, 2H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.80 (d, 1H), 7.72-7.58 (m, 5H), 7.53-7.36 (m, 7H), 7.33-7.05 (m, 9H), 6.87-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.79 (dd, 1H), 6.75 (dd, 2H), 6.61 (m, 1H), 6.23 (d, 1H), 5.49 (d, 1H), 1.61 (s, 6H)
4.3 g of Compound 278 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.2 g of Intermediate 253-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.8 g of 2-bromo-9,9′-spirobi[fluorene] was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 86%).
C52H35NO: calc'd: M+689.27 foun'd: 689.28.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.92 (d, 2H), 7.89 (d, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.62 (dd, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.48-7.41 (m, 4H), 7.32-7.06 (m, 10H), 6.87 (d, 1H), 6.81 (dd, 1H), 6.77-6.73 (m, 3H), 6.61 (m, 1H), 6.23 (d, 1H), 5.72 (dd, 1H), 1.61 (s, 6H)
3.8 g of Intermediate 281-1 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.3 g of 9,9-diphenyl-9H-fluoren-4-amine was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 2.5 g of 1-bromodibenzo[b,d]furan was utilized instead of 5 g of Intermediate (a) (yield: 77%).
C37H25NO: calc'd: M+499.19 foun'd: 499.23.
4.9 g of Compound 281 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1, except that 3.8 g of Intermediate 281-1 was utilized instead of Intermediate (b), and 3.2 g of 2-bromo-9,9′-spirobi[fluorene] was utilized instead of Intermediate (a) (yield: 79%).
C62H39NO: calc'd: M+813.30 foun'd: 813.33.
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.92 (d, 2H), 7.89 (d, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.59 (dd, 2H), 7.49-7.40 (m, 4H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.21-7.05 (m, 14H), 6.81-6.71 (m, 6H), 6.62 (m, 1H), 6.56 (dd, 1H), 5.72 (d, 1H), 5.68 (t, 1H)
Compounds synthesized in Synthesis Examples 1 to 28 were identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results thereof are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Methods of synthesizing compounds other than compounds shown in Tables 1 and 2 may be easily understood to those skilled in the art by referring to the synthesis pathways and raw materials described above.
A Corning 15 Ohms per square centimeter (Q/cm2) (1,200 Å) ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 millimeters (mm)×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated in isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 5 minutes in each solvent, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays and ozone for 30 minutes to utilize the glass substrate as an anode. Then, the glass substrate was mounted to a vacuum-deposition apparatus.
2-TNATA was vacuum-deposited on the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 600 Å. Thereafter, 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (hereinafter referred to as “NPB”), which is a hole transport material, as a hole transporting compound was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å.
9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (hereinafter referred to as “DNA”), which is a known blue fluorescent host, and 4,4′-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (hereinafter referred to as “DPAVBi”), which is a known blue fluorescent dopant, were co-deposited on the hole transport layer in a weight ratio of about 98:2 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 300 Å.
Subsequently, Alq3 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å. Subsequently, LiF, which is halogenated alkali metal, was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å. Finally, Al was vacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 3,000 Å to form a LiF/Al electrode, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured substantially in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compounds shown in Table 3 were utilized instead of NPB in the formation of a hole transport layer.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured substantially in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compound A was utilized instead of NPB in the formation of a hole transport layer.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured substantially in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compound B was utilized instead of NPB in the formation of a hole transport layer.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured substantially in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compound C was utilized instead of NPB in the formation of a hole transport layer.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compound D was utilized instead of NPB in the formation of a hole transport layer.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compound E was utilized instead of NPB in the formation of a hole transport layer.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compound F was utilized instead of NPB in the formation of a hole transport layer.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compound G was utilized instead of NPB in the formation of a hole transport layer.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compound H was utilized instead of NPB in the formation of a hole transport layer.
The performances (driving voltage, luminance, efficiency, and color-coordinate) of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured in Examples 1 to 28 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 while driving at a current density of 50 mA/cm2 were evaluated. The half lifespan was also measured at a current density of 100 mA/cm2, which indicates time (hour) for the luminance of each organic light-emitting device to decline to 50% of its initial luminance. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
The luminance was measured utilizing a luminance meter PR650 powered by a current voltmeter (Keithley SMU 236).
The efficiency was measured utilizing a luminance meter PR650 powered by a current voltmeter (Keithley SMU 236).
As apparent from Table 3, when the compound according to one or more embodiments is utilized as a hole transport material in organic light-emitting devices, the organic light-emitting devices of the Examples including the compound according to one or more embodiments were found to have improved driving voltage, excellent I-V-L characteristics with improved efficiency, and particularly, significant improvement of lifespan due to its lifespan improving effects, as compared with the organic light-emitting device of the Comparative Example 1 including NPB. In addition, even in comparison with Comparative Examples 2 to 9, in which Compounds A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H were respectively utilized, the organic light-emitting device of the Examples were found to have improved driving voltage, improved luminance, improved luminescence efficiency, and improved half lifespan.
As apparent from the foregoing description, an organic light-emitting device including the amine-based compound may have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, long lifespan, and high maximum quantum efficiency.
It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.
While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims, and equivalents thereof.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2017-0176483 | Dec 2017 | KR | national |
| 10-2018-0137609 | Nov 2018 | KR | national |
This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/226,428, filed Dec. 19, 2018, which claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0176483, filed on Dec. 20, 2017, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0137609, filed on Nov. 9, 2018, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16226428 | Dec 2018 | US |
| Child | 18827576 | US |
