Patent Application
20220265845
The present invention relates to novel aminoesters compounds or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or optical isomers, racemates, diastereoisomers, enantiomers or tautomers. The present invention also relates to their process of preparation and to these compounds for use as a medicament, in particular for the prevention or treatment of cancer. The present invention further relates to an antibody drug conjugate comprising such compounds.
Cancer is one of the major health problems in developed countries today. Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells due to loss of normal controls, resulting in unregulated growth, lack of differentiation, local tissue invasion, and, often, metastasis. Cancer can develop in any tissue or organ at any age.
Some cancers are curable if detected at an early stage, and long-term can also be possible in later stages. However, cure is not always possible and is not attempted in some advanced cases in which palliative care provides better quality of life than aggressive treatment, particularly in the elderly or in patients with underlying comorbid disorders.
Apoptosis is involved in tissue development, differentiation, and renewal. Inducing apoptosis is thus of major interest from a therapeutic viewpoint.
A very large variety of natural or synthetic anticancer medicinal products currently available are apoptosis-inducing compounds.
Among these antineoplastic medicinal products, mention may be made of alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, nitrosureas such as 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), intercalating agents such as actinomycin D or adriamycin, purine or pyrimidine base analogues such as 6-thioguanine and 5-fluorouracil, inhibitors of the de novo synthesis of purine bases, such as methotrexate, and finally tubulin polymerization inhibitors such as Taxol(R).
One of the main drawbacks in using these substances is the absence of selective apoptotic activity on tumor cells.
Thus, it remains necessary to have available molecules which induce maximum apoptosis in tumor tissue while causing the least possible injury, and in a reversible manner, to the healthy tissues of the body.
The inventors of the present invention have identified new compounds of formula (I), which present interesting properties in the prevention or treatment of cancer.
The present invention thus relates to a compound of formula (I):
In which:
In one embodiment, a compound according to the invention is a compound of formula (I) as mentioned above, in which:
In another embodiment, a compound according to the invention is a compound of formula (I) as mentioned above, in which X is O and R3 is chosen from ethyl or methyl.
According to another embodiment, a compound according to the invention is a compound of formula (I) as mentioned above, in which X is S, R3 is linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl, preferably methyl, R1 is linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl, preferably methyl, R2 is CHR5CHR6OR4 or (CHR5)˜OR4 and R5 and R6 are:
According to another embodiment, a compound according to the invention is a compound of formula (I) as mentioned above, in which X is S, R3 is linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl, R1 is linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl and R2 is CHR5CHR6OR4 or (CHR5)vOR4, in particular CHR5CHR6OR4.
In particular, R4 is chosen from H, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkyl, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkenyl, —CONR7R8, (C2-C7)cycloalkyl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-heteroaryl, aryl, or benzyl; said (C2-C7) cycloalkyl being substituted by one or more substituents chosen from: linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl; said benzyl being optionally substituted by one or more substituents chosen from: linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, linear or branched (C1-C7)alkoxy optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, halogen, or said benzyl being optionally fused to form 1,3-benzodioxole.
Alternatively, in particular, R4 is chosen from H, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkyl, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkenyl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-heteroaryl, aryl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-aryl or benzyl; said benzyl being optionally substituted by one or more substituents chosen from: linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, linear or branched (C1-C7)alkoxy optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, halogen or pyridyl, or said benzyl being optionally fused to form 1,3-benzodioxole.
More particularly, R5 and R6 are H and R4 is chosen from H, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkyl, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkenyl, CONR7R8, (C2-C7)cycloalkyl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-heteroaryl, or benzyl; said (C2-C7)cycloalkyl being substituted by one or more substituents chosen from: linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl; said benzyl being optionally substituted by one or more substituents chosen from: linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, linear or branched (C1-C7)alkoxy optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, halogen.
Alternatively, more particularly, R5 and R6 are H and R4 is chosen from H, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkyl, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkenyl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-heteroaryl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-aryl or benzyl; said benzyl being optionally substituted by one or more substituents chosen from: linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, linear or branched (C1-C7)alkoxy optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, halogen.
Even more particularly, R1 is methyl and R4 is chosen from: H, CONR7R8 with R, being a methyl and R8 being NRR′ with R and R′ being methyl, ethyl, propene, benzyl, pyridyl, benzyloxybutyl, methyl-cyclohexenyl substituted by one or more methyl, and benzyl substituted by one of more fluorine, chlorine, methoxy or methyl.
Alternatively, even more particularly, R1 is methyl and R4 is chosen from: H, ethyl, propene, benzyl, pyridyl, benzyloxybutyl and benzyl substituted by one of more fluorine, chlorine, methoxy or methyl.
In another embodiment, X is S, R1 and R2 are linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl and R3 is —(C1-C7)—CO2Z or linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl-NY1Y2, said linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl-NY1Y2 being optionally substituted by (C1-C7)—CO2Z, in particular, X is S, R1 and R2 are linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl and R3 is linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl-NY1Y2, said linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl-NY1Y2 being optionally substituted by (C1-C7)—CO2Z.
In particular, Y1 and Y2 identical or different are independently chosen from H and —CO—CH3.
More particularly Z is chosen from H and t-butyl (tercio-butyl) group.
Still particularly, R3 is linear or branched (C1-C3)alkyl-NY1Y2.
According to a specific embodiment, a compound of formula (I) is chosen from:
According to a specific embodiment, a compound of formula (I) is chosen from:
In another embodiment, a compound according to the invention is a compound of formula (I) as mentioned above, in which:
The invention also relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) as described herein, comprising:
In particular, it relates to a process as mentioned above in which the base of step b) has a pKa greater than 25, preferably the base used in step b) is selected from lithium or magnesium bases, preferably the base is selected from butyllithium, or hexyllithium.
The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as described herein and a pharmaceutical acceptable excipient.
It further relates to a compound of formula (I) as described herein for use as a medicament.
In particular, it relates to a compound of formula (I) as described herein for use for the prevention or treatment of cancer.
More particularly, the invention relates to a compound of formula (I) as described herein for use for the prevention or treatment of leukemia.
The invention also relates to an antibody drug conjugate of formula: B-L-Ab, wherein:
In particular, the antibody of said antibody drug conjugate is chosen from: rituximab, trastuzumab, alemtuzumab, ibritumomab, tiuxetan, tositumomab, brevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, ofatumumab, ipilimumab and obinutuzumab.
A compound of formula (I) according to the invention is as above mentioned.
It further refers to any of the following embodiments or any of their combinations, with the provision that at least one of R1 and R2 is CHR5CHR6OR4 when R3 is linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl and X is S.
In one embodiment, X is S.
In another embodiment, R3 is methyl.
In another embodiment, R1 is linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl, in particular a methyl, and R2 is CHR5CHR6OR4 or (CHR5)vOR4.
In one embodiment, R4 is chosen from H, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkyl, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkenyl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-heteroaryl, aryl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-aryl or benzyl; said benzyl being optionally substituted by one or more substituents chosen from: linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, linear or branched (C1-C7)alkoxy optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, halogen or pyridyl, or said benzyl being optionally fused to form 1,3-benzodioxole, in particular R4 is chosen from H, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkyl, linear or branched (C2-C7)alkenyl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-heteroaryl, linear or branched —(C1-C7)alkyl-aryl or benzyl; said benzyl being optionally substituted by one or more substituents chosen from: linear or branched (C1-C7)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom, linear or branched (C1-C7)alkoxy optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen, and more particularly R4 is chosen from: H, ethyl, propenyl, benzyl, pyridyl, benzyloxybutyl and benzyl substituted by one of more fluorine, chlorine, methoxy or methyl.
Unless specified otherwise, the terms used hereabove or hereafter as regards to the compounds of formula (I) have the meaning ascribed to them below:
The compounds of formula (I) as described herein can comprise one or more asymmetric carbon atoms. They can therefore exist in the form of enantiomers or diastereoisomers. These enantiomers and diastereoisomers, as well as their mixtures, including racemic mixtures, form part of the invention.
The compounds of formula (I) as described herein can be provided in the form of a free base or in the form of addition salts with acids, which also form part of the invention.
These salts are advantageously prepared with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, but salts with other acids, useful for example for the purification or for the isolation of the compounds of formula (I) as described herein, also form part of the invention.
As used herein, the expression “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to those compounds, materials, excipients, compositions or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response or other problem complications commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like, including mono, di or tri-salts thereof; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, glucoronic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, toluenesulfonic, oxalic, fumaric, maleic, lactic and the like. Further addition salts include ammonium salts such as tromethamine, meglumine, epolamine, etc., metal salts such as sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc or magnesium.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two. Generally, non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 2000, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention is also concerned with the process of preparation of the compounds of formula (I) as described herein.
The compounds and process of the present invention may be prepared in a number of ways well-known to those skilled in the art. The compounds can be synthesized, for example, by application or adaptation of the methods described below, or variations thereon as appreciated by the skilled artisan. The appropriate modifications and substitutions will be readily apparent and well known or readily obtainable from the scientific literature to those skilled in the art.
It will be appreciated that the compounds of the present invention may contain one or more asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms, and may be isolated in optically active or racemic forms. Thus, all chiral, diastereomeric, racemic forms, isomeric forms of a structure are intended, unless the specific stereochemistry or isomeric form is specifically indicated. It is well-known in the art how to prepare and isolate such optically active forms.
For example, mixtures of stereoisomers may be separated by standard techniques including, but not limited to, resolution of racemic forms, normal, reverse-phase, and chiral chromatography, preferential salt formation, recrystallization, and the like, or by chiral synthesis either from chiral starting materials or by deliberate synthesis of target chiral centers.
Compounds of the present invention may be prepared by a variety of synthetic routes. The reagents and starting materials are commercially available, or readily synthesized by well-known techniques by one of ordinary skill in the arts. All substituents, unless otherwise indicated, are as previously defined.
In the reactions described hereinafter, it may be necessary to protect reactive functional groups, for example hydroxyl, amino, imino, thio or carboxy groups, where these are desired in the final product, to avoid their unwanted participation in the reactions.
Conventional protecting groups may be used in accordance with standard practice, for examples see T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, 4th ed. (2007), John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1999; J. F. W. McOmie in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, Plenum Press, 1973.
Some reactions may be carried out in the presence of a base. There is no particular restriction on the nature of the base to be used in this reaction, and any base conventionally used in reactions of this type may equally be used here, provided that it has no adverse effect on other parts of the molecule, and unless otherwise indicated. Examples of suitable bases include: sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, alkali metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride; alkyllithium compounds, such as methyllithium and butyllithium; and alkali metal alkoxides, such as sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide.
Usually, reactions are carried out in a suitable solvent. A variety of solvents may be used, provided that it has no adverse effect on the reaction or on the reagents involved. Examples of suitable solvents include: hydrocarbons, which may be aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene and xylene; amides, such as dimethylformamide; alcohols such as ethanol and methanol and ethers, such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.
The reactions can take place over a wide range of temperatures. In general, it is found convenient to carry out the reaction at a temperature of from 0° C. to 150° C. (more preferably from about room temperature to 100° C.). The time required for the reaction may also vary widely, depending on many factors, notably the reaction temperature and the nature of the reagents. However, provided that the reaction is effected under the preferred conditions outlined above, a period of from 3 hours to 20 hours will usually suffice.
The compound thus prepared may be recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional means. For example, the compounds may be recovered by distilling off the solvent from the reaction mixture or, if necessary, after distilling off the solvent from the reaction mixture, pouring the residue into water followed by extraction with a water-immiscible organic solvent and distilling off the solvent from the extract. Additionally, the product can, if desired, be further purified by various well-known techniques, such as recrystallization, reprecipitation or the various chromatography techniques, notably column chromatography or preparative thin layer chromatography.
The process of preparation of a compound of formula (I) of the invention is a further object of the present invention.
According to a first aspect, a compound of the invention of formula (I) can be obtained by
In particular, the base of step b) has a pKa greater than 25, preferably the base used in step b) is selected from lithium or magnesium bases, preferably the base is selected from butyllithium, or hexyllithium.
In particular, the compound of formula (II) is obtained by a step a1) of reaction between 3-chloro-3-methylbut-1-yne with R1R2NH in an aqueous medium.
In particular, said compound obtained in step a1) is purified by one or more filtrations, for example in filtration or in a succession of 2 to 10 filtrations, preferably in a succession of 2 to 5 filtrations, for example in 4 filtrations.
In one embodiment, 3-chloro-3-methylbut-1-yne is obtained by a reaction step of reacting 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol with hydrochloric acid in the presence of a copper catalyst.
In another embodiment, the acid is an inorganic acid chosen from hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid.
In another embodiment, step d) is carried out with:
In one embodiment, the anion precursor compounds SMe- are chosen from the salts of formula XSMe in which X represents an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, for example Na, methyl mercaptan, or (SMe)2, preferably NaSMe.
This process is described in detail in the patent applications FR 1651283 and PCT/EP2017/053457, from which the content is incorporated by reference.
Alternatively, a compound according to the invention can be prepared from the corresponding acetylenic amine treated successively by BuLi, COS and Mel. A detailed process of preparation can be found for example in G. Quash et al., European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 43 (2008) 906-916, from which the content is incorporated by reference, in particular in the part 2 of the Material and Methods section.
The above reactions can be carried out by the skilled person by applying or adapting the methods illustrated in the examples hereinafter.
Further, the process of the invention may also comprise the additional step of isolating the compound of formula (I) or (II). This can be done by the skilled person by any of the known conventional means, such as the recovery methods described above.
Generally, the starting products are commercially available mainly from Aldrich or Acros or other typical chemicals supplier or may be obtained by applying or adapting any known methods or those described in the examples.
As already mentioned, the present invention also relates to a compound of formula (I) as herein described for use as a medicament.
More particularly, it relates to a compound of formula (I) as herein described for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.
The present invention also relates to a method of prevention and/or treatment of a cancer, comprising the administration to a subject in need thereof of an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as described herein.
The terms “treat”, “treating”, “treated” or “treatment”, as used in the context of the invention, refer to therapeutic treatment wherein the object is to eliminate or lessen symptoms. Beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, elimination of symptoms, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of condition, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of condition, delay or slowing of progression of the condition.
The terms “prevent”, “prevention”, “preventing” or “prevented”, as used in the context of the present invention, refer to the prevention of the onset, recurrence or spread of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms thereof. In certain embodiments, the terms refer to the treatment with or administration of a compound provided herein prior to the onset of symptoms, particularly to patients at risk of disease or disorders provided herein. The terms encompass the inhibition or reduction of a symptom of the particular disease. Subjects with familial history of a disease in particular are candidates for preventive regimens in certain embodiments. In addition, subjects who have a history of recurring symptoms are also potential candidates for the prevention. In this regard, the term “prevention” may be interchangeably used with the term “prophylactic treatment”.
As used herein and unless otherwise defined, “cancer” refers to the growth, division or proliferation of abnormal cells in the body. It refers to any type of malignant (i.e. non benign) tumor. The malignant tumor may correspond to a primary tumor or to a secondary tumor (i.e. a metastasis). Further, the tumor may correspond to a solid malignant tumor, which includes e.g. carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, sarcomas, melanomas, mesotheliomas, blastomas, or to a blood cancer such as leukemias, lymphomas and myelomas. The cancer may for example correspond to a solid carcinoma, a melanoma, a lung cancer (including but not limited to non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), combined small cell carcinomas, pleuropulmonary blastomas, carcinoid tumors, sarcomatoid carcinomas, carcinoid tumors, adenosquamous carcinomas, squamous cell lung carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and large cell lung carcinomas), a brain cancer (including but not limited to gliomas, glioblastomas, astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas), kidney cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia.
In particular, the present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) as herein described for the prevention and/or treatment of leukemia.
In particular, the subject in need of a treatment against cancer is a subject afflicted with such disease.
In the context of the present invention, the identification of the subjects who are in need of treatment of herein-described diseases and conditions is conducted as above mentioned and is well within the ability and knowledge of the man skilled in the art. A clinician skilled in the art can readily identify, by the above mentioned technics, those subjects who are in need of such treatment.
A therapeutically effective amount can be readily determined by the attending diagnostician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of conventional techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the therapeutically effective amount, a number of factors are considered by the attending diagnostician, including, but not limited to: the species of subject; its size, age, and general health; the specific disease involved; the degree of involvement or the severity of the disease; the response of the individual subject; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristic of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances.
As used herein, an “effective amount” refers to an amount which is effective in reducing, eliminating, treating or controlling the symptoms of the herein-described diseases and conditions. The term “controlling” is intended to refer to all processes wherein there may be a slowing, interrupting, arresting, or stopping of the progression of the diseases and conditions described herein, but does not necessarily indicate a total elimination of all disease and condition symptoms, and is intended to include prophylactic treatment and chronic use.
The term “patient” or “subject” refers to a warm-blooded animal such as a mammal, in particular a human, male or female, unless otherwise specified, which is afflicted with, or has the potential to be afflicted with one or more diseases and conditions described herein.
The amount of the compound according to the invention, which is required to achieve the desired biological effect, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the dosage of the drug to be administered, the chemical characteristics (e.g. hydrophobicity) of the compounds employed, the potency of the compounds, the type of disease, the diseased state of the patient, and the route of administration.
Compounds provided herein can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions, optionally by admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
Such compositions may be prepared for use in oral administration, particularly in the form of tablets or capsules, in particular orodispersible (lyoc) tablets; or parenteral administration, particularly in the form of liquid solutions, suspensions or emulsions.
It may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmaceutical art, for example, as described in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th ed.; Gennaro, A. R., Ed.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, Pa., 2000. Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition. Oral compositions will generally include an inert diluent carrier or an edible carrier. They can be administered in unit dose forms, wherein the term “unit dose” means a single dose which is capable of being administered to a patient, and which can be readily handled and packaged, remaining as a physically and chemically stable unit dose comprising either the active compound itself, or as a pharmaceutically acceptable composition.
The tablets, pills, powders, capsules, troches and the like can contain one or more of any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, or gum tragacanth; a diluent such as starch or lactose; a disintegrant such as starch and cellulose derivatives; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, or methyl salicylate. Capsules can be in the form of a hard capsule or soft capsule, which are generally made from gelatin blends optionally blended with plasticizers, as well as a starch capsule. In addition, dosage unit forms can contain various other materials that modify the physical form of the dosage unit, for example, coatings of sugar, shellac, or enteric agents. Other oral dosage forms syrup or elixir may contain sweetening agents, preservatives, dyes, colorings, and flavorings. In addition, the active compounds may be incorporated into fast dissolve, modified-release or sustained-release preparations and formulations, and wherein such sustained-release formulations are preferably bi-modal.
Liquid preparations for administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. The liquid compositions may also include binders, buffers, preservatives, chelating agents, sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, and the like. Non-aqueous solvents include alcohols, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, acrylate copolymers, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Aqueous carriers include mixtures of alcohols and water, hydrogels, buffered media, and saline. In particular, biocompatible, biodegradable lactide polymer, lactide/glycolide copolymer, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers may be useful excipients to control the release of the active compounds. Intravenous vehicles can include fluid and nutrient replenishers, electrolyte replenishers, such as those based on Ringer's dextrose, and the like.
Examples of modes of administration include parenteral e.g. subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, as well as oral administration.
As already mentioned, the present invention also relates to an antibody drug conjugate of formula: B-L-Ab, wherein:
By “antibody drug conjugate” or ADC is meant an important class of highly potent biopharmaceutical drugs designed as a targeted therapy for the treatment of people with cancer. Unlike chemotherapy, ADCs are intended to target and kill only the cancer cells and spare healthy cells. ADCs are molecules composed of an antibody linked to a biologically active cytotoxic (anticancer) payload or drug. In the context of the present invention, the cytotoxic drug is the compound of formula (I) mentioned above. This compound is linked to the antibody by a linker.
“Linker” as used herein, means a chemical moiety comprising a covalent bond or a chain of atoms that covalently attaches the antibody to the compound of formula (I) as mentioned above.
The linker of the antibody drug conjugate can be any linker able to conjugate the antibody and the above-mentioned compound of formula (I). Suitable linking groups are well known in the art. In particular, it can be a biodegradable linker.
More particularly, the compound according to the invention as above mentioned, is coupled to antibody via an attachment group (maleimide, succinimidyl ester, specific peptidic sequence substrate of enzyme, etc. . . . ), linked to a cleavable linker (protease site, hydrazine, disulfide) or a non-cleavable linker and with or not a self-imolative spacer.
In the above definition of the antibody drug conjugate B-L-Ab, the linker L thus includes both the linker and eventually the linker linked to an attachment group as defined herein.
Cleavable dipeptide linkers like Val-Ala and Val-Cit can be cited as examples. They take advantage of the antibody-drug conjugate targeting mechanism which involves sequential binding of the antibody-drug conjugate to its cognate antigen on the surface of the target cancer cells, and internalization of the ADC-antigen complexes through the endosomal-lysosomal pathway.
In these cases, intracellular release of the cytotoxic anticancer drug relies on the fact that endosomes/lysosomes are acidic compartments that will facilitate cleavage of acid-labile chemical linkages such as hydrazone. In addition, if a lysosomal-specific protease cleavage site is engineered into the linker, for example the cathepsin B site in vcMMAE, the cytotoxins will be liberated in proximity to their intracellular targets.
Alternatively, linkers containing mixed disulfides provide yet another approach by which cytotoxic payloads can be liberated intracellularly as they are selectively cleaved in the reducing environment of the cell, but not in the oxygen-rich environment in the bloodstream.
These linkers can be prepared by methods well known by the man skill in the art.
In particular, the linker according to the invention is the maleimidocaproyl-Val-Cit described in the experimental part.
Other examples of linkers that can be used in the context of the invention as well as methods of preparation thereof can be Maleimidocaproyl linker, Mercaptoacetamidocaproyl, Hydrazone linker and Glucuronide combined with a self-immolative linker p-aminobenzyl alcohol (PAB) as mentioned in Perez et al.: “Antibody-drug conjugates: current status and future directions”; Drug Discovery Today, Volume 00, Number 00, December 2013 and in McCombs and Shawn: “Antibody Drug Conjugates: Design and Selection of Linker, Payload and Conjugation Chemistry”, The AAPS Journal, Vol. 17, No. 2, March 2015.
The antibody of the antibody drug conjugate according to the invention can be any antibody known for the treatment of cancer.
In particular, the antibody of said antibody drug conjugate is chosen from: rituximab, trastuzumab, alemtuzumab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, tositumomab, brevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, ofatumumab, ipilimumab and obinutuzumab.
These antibodies are commercially available and well known by the man skilled in the art.
More information regarding these antibodies is given in the table 1 below.
The method to prepare the antibody drug conjugate according to the invention will be adapted by the man skilled in the art in function of the linker and the antibody chosen. The man skilled in the art will be able to prepare the antibody drug conjugate on the basis of its general knowledge. An example is given in the experimental part of the present invention.
The present invention also relates to the antibody drug conjugate as defined above for use as a medicament, in particular for use for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.
It further relates to a method of prevention and/or treatment of cancer, comprising the administration of an antibody drug conjugate according to the invention.
Examples of cancer to treat are B-cell lymphoma, breast cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, renal cancer and melanoma.
The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody drug conjugate according to the invention.
The terms “treat”, “treating”, “treated” or “treatment”, as used in the context of the invention, refer to therapeutic treatment wherein the object is to eliminate or lessen symptoms. Beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, elimination of symptoms, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of condition, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of condition, delay or slowing of progression of the condition.
The terms “prevent”, “prevention”, “preventing” or “prevented”, as used in the context of the present invention, refer to the prevention of the onset, recurrence or spread of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms thereof. In certain embodiments, the terms refer to the treatment with or administration of a compound provided herein prior to the onset of symptoms, particularly to patients at risk of disease or disorders provided herein. The terms encompass the inhibition or reduction of a symptom of the particular disease. Subjects with familial history of a disease in particular are candidates for preventive regimens in certain embodiments. In addition, subjects who have a history of recurring symptoms are also potential candidates for the prevention. In this regard, the term “prevention” may be interchangeably used with the term “prophylactic treatment”.
As used herein and unless otherwise defined, “cancer” refers to the growth, division or proliferation of abnormal cells in the body. It refers to any type of malignant (i.e. non benign) tumor. The malignant tumor may correspond to a primary tumor or to a secondary tumor (i.e. a metastasis).
In particular, the subject in need of a treatment against cancer is a subject afflicted with such disease.
In the context of the present invention, the identification of the subjects who are in need of treatment of herein-described diseases and conditions is conducted as above mentioned and is well within the ability and knowledge of the man skilled in the art. A clinician skilled in the art can readily identify, by the above-mentioned technics, those subjects who are in need of such treatment.
A therapeutically effective amount can be readily determined by the attending diagnostician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of conventional techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the therapeutically effective amount, a number of factors are considered by the attending diagnostician, including, but not limited to: the species of subject; its size, age, and general health; the specific disease involved; the degree of involvement or the severity of the disease; the response of the individual subject; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristic of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances.
As used herein, an “effective amount” refers to an amount which is effective in reducing, eliminating, treating or controlling the symptoms of the herein-described diseases and conditions. The term “controlling” is intended to refer to all processes wherein there may be a slowing, interrupting, arresting, or stopping of the progression of the diseases and conditions described herein, but does not necessarily indicate a total elimination of all disease and condition symptoms, and is intended to include prophylactic treatment and chronic use.
The term “patient” or “subject” refers to a warm-blooded animal such as a mammal, in particular a human, male or female, unless otherwise specified, which is afflicted with, or has the potential to be afflicted with one or more diseases and conditions described herein.
The amount of the antibody drug conjugate according to the invention, which is required to achieve the desired biological effect, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the dosage to be administered, the chemical and biological characteristics (e.g. hydrophobicity) of the compounds employed, the potency of the compounds, the type of disease, the diseased state of the patient, and the route of administration.
Antibody drug conjugate provided herein can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions, optionally by admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
Such compositions may be prepared for use in oral administration, particularly in the form of tablets or capsules, in particular orodispersible (lyoc) tablets; or parenteral administration, particularly in the form of liquid solutions, suspensions or emulsions.
It may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmaceutical art, for example, as described in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th ed.; Gennaro, A. R., Ed.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, Pa., 2000. Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition. Oral compositions will generally include an inert diluent carrier or an edible carrier. They can be administered in unit dose forms, wherein the term “unit dose” means a single dose which is capable of being administered to a patient, and which can be readily handled and packaged, remaining as a physically and chemically stable unit dose comprising either the active compound itself, or as a pharmaceutically acceptable composition.
The tablets, pills, powders, capsules, troches and the like can contain one or more of any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, or gum tragacanth; a diluent such as starch or lactose; a disintegrant such as starch and cellulose derivatives; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, or methyl salicylate. Capsules can be in the form of a hard capsule or soft capsule, which are generally made from gelatin blends optionally blended with plasticizers, as well as a starch capsule. In addition, dosage unit forms can contain various other materials that modify the physical form of the dosage unit, for example, coatings of sugar, shellac, or enteric agents. Other oral dosage forms syrup or elixir may contain sweetening agents, preservatives, dyes, colorings, and flavorings. In addition, the active compounds may be incorporated into fast dissolve, modified-release or sustained-release preparations and formulations, and wherein such sustained-release formulations are preferably bi-modal.
Liquid preparations for administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. The liquid compositions may also include binders, buffers, preservatives, chelating agents, sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, and the like. Non-aqueous solvents include alcohols, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, acrylate copolymers, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Aqueous carriers include mixtures of alcohols and water, hydrogels, buffered media, and saline. In particular, biocompatible, biodegradable lactide polymer, lactide/glycolide copolymer, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers may be useful excipients to control the release of the active compounds. Intravenous vehicles can include fluid and nutrient replenishers, electrolyte replenishers, such as those based on Ringer's dextrose, and the like.
Examples of modes of administration include parenteral e.g. subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, as well as oral administration.
In the scope of the present invention, it has to be understood that “a compound for use in the treatment or prevention of” is equivalent to “the use of a compound for the treatment or prevention of” and to “the use of a compound for the manufacture of a medicament intended for the treatment or prevention of”.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following FIGURE and examples.
Representative compounds of the invention are summarized in the table 2 below:
Representative compounds of the invention can be synthesized according to the following procedures.
The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Advance ALS300 and DRX400 MHz from Bruker. Chemical shifts are reported in ppm (δ) and were referenced to DMSO-d6 (1H, 2.50 ppm; 13C, 39.52 ppm) or CDCl3 (7.26 ppm). The coupling constants (J were given in Hz.
The HRMS-ESI mass spectra were recorded in positive-ion mode on a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MicroTOFQ-II, Bruker Daltonics, Bremen) with an Electrospray Ionization (ESI) ion source. For the mass spectrometry of low resolution, LRMS-ESI mass spectra were recorded in a Thermo Finnigan MAT 95 XL spectrometer.
Preparation of N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine: To a solution of N-methyl-N-(2′hydroxyethyl)-3-amino-3methyl-1-butyne (Easton, Nelson R.; Hennion, George F. U.S. (1967), U.S. Pat. No. 3,337,625 19670822.) (1.0 g, 7.08 mmol) and iodoethane (0.98 mL, 7.6 mmol) in THF (12 mL) was added NaH (0.459 g, 11.5 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was refluxed for 3 h. Mixture was then carefully hydrolyzed at room temperature by water and extracted by EtOAc (3×25 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=70/30) gave pure N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine (0.479 g, 40%).
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 3.45-3.36 (m, 4H), 3.11 (s, 1H), 2.51 (t, J=6.7 Hz. 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 6H), 1.09 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).
ESI-LRMS 170.0 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate: To N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine (0.367 g, 2.17 mmol) in THF (11 mL) was added dropwise a 2.28 M n-BuLi solution in hexane (1.14 mL, 2.60 mmol) at −70° C. After 5 min at −70° C. the reaction mixture was warmed to 0° C., maintained 10 min at this temperature then cooled at −70° C. before a 30 min bubbling with carbonyl sulfide (COS) through the solution. The yellow solution was warmed to 0° C., stirred for additional 10 min at this temperature before dropwise addition of iodomethane (0.162 mL, 2.60 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 h, carefully hydrolyzed at 0° C. by water and extracted with ether. Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10) gave pure S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate (0.369 g, 70%) as a near colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 3.42 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C12H22NO2S [M+H]+: 244.1366. found: 244.1362.
Preparation of N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine: To N-methyl-N-(2′hydroxyethyl)-3-amino-3methyl-1-butyne (Easton, Nelson R.; Hennion, George F. U.S. (1967), U.S. Pat. No. 3,337,625 19670822.)) (1.0 g, 7.08 mmol) in THF (12 mL) was added NaH (0.340 g, 8.50 mmol) at 0° C. After 15 min at 0° C. and 15 min at room temperature, n-Bu4NI (0.026 g, 0.071 mmol) was added in one portion at 0° C. followed by dropwise addition of allyl bromide (0.735 mL, 8.50 mmol). Reaction mixture was allowed to reach room temperature, stirred overnight, then carefully hydrolyzed by water and extracted by ether (3×25 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine (25 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/ether=80/20 to 70/30) gave pure N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine (0.941 g, 73%) as an oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 5.88 (ddt, J=17.3, 10.5, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (ddd, J=17.3, 3.8, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.16-5.09 (m, 1H), 3.93 (dt, J=5.3, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.55 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 182.0 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-[2-allyloxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine. Scale: 2.2 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10 to 80/20). Yield: 65%. Near colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 5.88 (ddt, J=17.3, 10.5, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (ddd, J=17.3, 3.8, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.17-5.10 (m, 1H), 3.94 (dt, J=5.3, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.58 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C13H22NO2S [M+H]+: 256.1366. found: 256.1364.
Preparation of N-(2-benzyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 1.015 eq of NaH and 1.01 eq. of benzyl bromide. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10). Yield: 81%. Colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.39-7.24 (m, 5H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 3.49 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.58 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 6H). ESI-LRMS 232.0 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-[2-benzyloxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-(2-benzyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine. Scale: 2.2 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10). Yield: 79%. Colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.37-7.26 (m, 5H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.52 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C17H24NO2S [M+H]+: 306.1522. found: 306.1514.
Alternative protocol: To N-(2-benzyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine (0.650 g, 2.81 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added dropwise a 2.28 M n-BuLi solution in hexane (1.36 mL, 3.09 mmol) at −70° C. After 5 min at −70° C. the reaction mixture was warmed to 0° C., maintained 30 min at this temperature and CO2 was bubbled through the solution for 30 min.
The mixture was warmed to room temperature within 5 min then re-cooled at 0° C. Isobutyl chloroformate (0.40 ml, 3.08 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture stirred for 10 min before addition of sodium methoxide (0.236 g, 3.37 mmol) in one portion. The mixture was warmed to room temperature stirred for additional 15 min at this temperature then carefully hydrolyzed at 0° C. by water and extracted with ether. Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10) gave pure S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate (0.307 g, 36%).
Preparation of N-2-dimethyl-N-[2-(m-tolylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 3-Methylbenzyl bromide. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10). Scale: 4.5 mmol. Yield: 79%. Colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.26-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.05 (m, 3H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 3.48 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.57 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 246.1 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-methyl-4-[methyl-[2-(m-tolylmethoxy)ethyl]amino]pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-2-dimethyl-N-[2-(m-tolylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine. Scale: 1.3 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10). Yield: 77%. Colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.26-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.05 (m, 3H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.50 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C18H26NO2S [M+H]+: 320.1679. found: 320.1667.
Preparation of N-[2-[(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 3,4-Dimethylbenzyl bromide. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=60/40). Scale: 3.8 mmol. Yield: 60%. Colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.12-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.04-6.99 (m, 1H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.45 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.56 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (s, 6H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 182.0 [M+H]+. ESI-LRMS 260.0 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-[2-[(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methoxy]ethyl-methyl-amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-[2-[(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine. Scale: 1.3 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10). Yield: 77%. Near colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.12-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.05-6.99 (m, 1H), 4.40 (s, 2H), 3.48 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C19H28NO2S [M+H]+: 334.1835. found: 334.1825.
Preparation of N-[2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-methoxybenzene. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (DCM/MeOH=99/1 to 97.5/2.5). Scale: 4.0 mmol. Yield: 53%. Colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.27-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.93-6.86 (m, 2H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.45 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.55 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 261.9 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-[2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl-methyl-amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-[2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine. Scale: 1.3 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=80/20). Yield: 74%. Near colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.27-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.93-6.87 (m, 2H), 4.40 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.48 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C18H26NO3S [M+H]+: 336.1628. found: 336.1613.
Preparation of N-[2-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 4-(Bromomethyl)-1,2-dimethoxybenzene. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (DCM/MeOH=99/1 to 97.5/2.5). Scale: 4.0 mmol. Yield: 67%. Colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 6.94-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.87-6.80 (m, 1H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.46 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.56 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 292.0 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-[2-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl-methyl-amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-[2-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine. Scale: 1.0 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10). Yield: 67%. Near colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 6.94-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.87-6.81 (m, 1H), 4.40 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.48 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C19H28NO4S [M+H]+: 366.1734. found: 336.1720.
Preparation of N-[2-[(3-chlorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 3-Chlorobenzyl bromide. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=70/30). Scale: 4.0 mmol. Yield: 71%. Colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.43-7.25 (m, 4H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.50 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.58 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 266.0 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-[2-[(3-chlorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl-methyl-amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-[2-[(3-chlorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine except that the reaction mixture was maintained at −70° C. after n-BuLi addition for 30 min before COS bubbling. Scale: 1.3 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=75/25). Yield: 63%. Near colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.44-7.24 (m, 4H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.52 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C17H23ClNO2S [M+H]+: 340.1133. found: 340.1120.
Preparation of N-[2-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 3-fluorobenzyl bromide. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=80/20). Scale: 4.0 mmol. Yield: 71%. Colorless oil.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-[2-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl-methyl-amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-[2-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine except that the reaction mixture was maintained at −70° C. after n-BuLi addition for 30 min before COS bubbling. Scale: 1.3 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=70/30). Yield: 87%. Near colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.44-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.05 (m, 3H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 3.53 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C17H23FNO2S [M+H]+: 324.1428. found: 324.1415 Example 10: S-methyl 4-methyl-4-[methyl-[2-(2-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]amino]pent-2-ynethioate
Preparation of N-2-dimethyl-N-[2-(2-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] starting from 2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide and using 4 eq of NaH. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (DCM/MeOH=99/1 to 95/5). Scale: 2.1 mmol. Yield: 71%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.50 (ddd, J=4.8, 1.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (td, J=7.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.56 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.13 (s, 1H), 2.61 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 233.1 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-methyl-4-[methyl-[2-(2-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]amino]pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same processes the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-2-dimethyl-N-[2-(2-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine and using 1.5 eq of n-BuLi, 1.5 eq of Mel and DCM extractions. Scale: 0.9 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (DCM/MeOH=99/1 to 90/10). Yield: 18%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.54-8.48 (m, 1H), 7.80 (td, J=7.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J=6.7, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 6H).).
ESI-HRMS calc for C16H23N2O2S [M+H]+: 3071475. found: 307.1471.
Preparation of N-2-dimethyl-N-[2-(3-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] starting from 3-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide and using 4 eq of NaH. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (DCM/MeOH=99/1 to 95/5). Scale: 2.1 mmol. Yield: 67%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.56-8.52 (m, 1H), 8.49 (dd, J=4.8, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.78-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.38 (ddd, J=7.8, 4.8, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 3.52 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.58 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 233.1 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-methyl-4-[methyl-[2-(3-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]amino]pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-2-dimethyl-N-[2-(3-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine and using 1.5 eq of n-BuLi, 1.5 eq of Mel and DCM extractions. Scale: 0.4 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (DCM/MeOH=99/1 to 95/5). Yield: 15%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.54 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (dd, J=4.8, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.78-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.38 (ddd, J=7.8, 4.8, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 3.54 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H)).
ESI-HRMS calc for C16H23N2O2S [M+H]+: 3071475. found: 307.1474.
Preparation of N-2-dimethyl-N-[2-(4-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] starting from 4-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide and using 4 eq of NaH. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (DCM/MeOH=99/1 to 95/5). Scale: 2.1 mmol. Yield: 95%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.56-8.49 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.27 (m, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.53 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.13 (s, 1H), 2.61 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 233.1 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-methyl-4-[methyl-[2-(4-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]amino]pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-2-dimethyl-N-[2-(4-pyridylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine and using 1.5 eq of n-BuLi, 1.5 eq of Mel and DCM extractions. Scale: 1.0 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (DCM/MeOH=99/1 to 95/15). Yield: 24%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.60-8.45 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.26 (m, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.56 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C16H23N2O2S [M+H]+: 3071475. found: 307.1470.
Preparation of 4-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-pent-2-ynoic acid chlorhydrate: To N,N,2-trimethylbut-3-yn-2-amine (0.928 g, 8.35 mmol) in THF (42 mL) was added dropwise a 2.35 M n-BuLi solution in hexane (3.73 mL, 8.76 mmol) at −70° C. After 5 min at −70° C. the reaction mixture was warmed to 0° C., maintained 10 min at this temperature then cooled at −70° C. before a 45 min bubbling with carbon dioxide. The mixture was warmed to 0° C. within 2 h, then carefully hydrolyzed at 0° C. by water and washed (2×25 mL) with ether. Aqueous layers were acidified (PH1-2) with 6N HCl then concentrated in vacuo. The solid obtained was triturated and washed twice with MeOH. The crude 4-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-pent-2-ynoic acid chlorhydrate (0.721 g, 45%) obtained as a white solid was used in the next step without purification.
1H NMR (300 MHz, D2O) δ 2.94 (s, 6H), 1.70 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, D2O) δ 158.97 (C), 83.64 (C), 76.05 (C), 60.35 (C), 38.46 (2CH3), 23.66 (2CH3).
Preparation of Methyl 4-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-pent-2-ynoate: 4-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-pent-2-ynoic acid chlorhydrate (0.500 g, 2.61 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was treated with conc.H2SO4 (0.15 mL) at 0° C. then stirred overnight at room temperature. After concentration in vacuo the residue was diluted in AcOEt. Organic layer was washed with NaHCO3 aq.sat. and brine, dried over Na2SO4 and solvent evaporated in vacuo to give (yield <10%, not optimized) the methyl ester as a near colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS [M+H]+ calc for C9H15NO2 [M+H]+: 170.11. found: 170.1.
The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described in example 13 using EtOH in the esterification step. Scale 5.22 mmol. Yield: 73%. Colorless oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 4.17 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (s, 6H), 1.34 (s, 6H), 1.22 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C10H18NO2 [M+H]+: 184.1332. found: 184.1326.
The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N,N,2-trimethylbut-3-yn-2-amine and using tert-butyl iodoacetate instead of iodomethane. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (cyclohexane/EtOAc=70/30). Scale 3 mmol Yield: 57%. Red oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 3.82 (s, 2H), 2.21 (s, 6H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.37 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS: calc for C14H24NO3S [M+H]+ 286.1471. found 286.1472.
To a solution of tert-butyl 2-((4-(dimethylamino)-4-methylpent-2-ynoyl)thio)acetate (200 mg, 0.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (3.6 mL) is added trifluoroacetic acid (0.36 mL). The mixture is stirred overnight in the dark. After evaporation under reduced pressure the crude was triturated and washed with Et2O. The TFA salt was obtained as an amorphous solid. Yield: 84%.
1H NMR (300 MHz, acetone) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 2.99 (s, 6H), 1.87 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS: calc for C10H16NO3S [M+H]+ 230.0845. found 230.0847 Example 17: S-methyl 4-((4-(benzyloxy)butyl)(methyl)amino)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate
Preparation of 4-(methyl(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)amino)butan-1-ol: This compound was prepared by standard protocols previously described for the synthesis of N-methyl-N-(2′hydroxyethyl)-3-amino-3methyl-1-butyne (Easton, Nelson R.; Hennion, George F. U.S. (1967), U.S. Pat. No. 3,337,625 19670822.) starting from commercially available 4-(methylamino)butan-1-ol. 4-(methyl(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)amino)butan-1-ol was obtained as a bright yellow oil. Scale 3 mmol. Yield: 99%.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 4.41 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.42-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.09 (s, 1H), 2.38-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.45-1.36 (m, 4H), 1.27 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS: 170.1 [M+H]+
Preparation of N-(4-(benzyloxy)butyl)-N,2-dimethylbut-3-yn-2-amine: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] starting from 4-(methyl(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)amino)butan-1-ol and using 1.015 eq of NaH and 1.01 eq. of benzyl bromide. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (cyclohexane/EtOAc=80/20). Scale 2.4 mmol. Yield: 55%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.39-7.22 (m, 5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.42 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.08 (s, 1H), 2.34 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.60-1.37 (m, 4H), 1.26 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS: 260.2 [M+H]+
Preparation of S-methyl 4-((4-(benzyloxy)butyl)(methyl)amino)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N-(4-benzyloxybutyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (cyclohexane/EtOAc=90/10). Scale 0.77 mmol. Yield: 80%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38-7.19 (m, 5H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.47 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.73-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.39 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS: calc for C19H28NO2S [M+H]+ 334.1835. found 334.1840.
Preparation of Compound 3: N,2-dimethyl-N-(2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)but-3-yn-2-amine: To 2-(methyl(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)amino)ethanol 2 (3.00 g, 21.2 mmol) and 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran (5.0 eq) in anhydrous DCM (135 mL) was added p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.1 eq) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, washed with aqueous saturated NaHCO3 (30 mL) then brine (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was first purified by short-path distillation using Kugelrohr apparatus (10-12 Torrs, oven 155° C.) then by flash chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 95/5 to 60/40) to give compound 3 as an oil (yield 70%).
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 4.60-4.50 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.55 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.35 (m, 6H), 1.27 (s, 6H).
Preparation of Compound 4: S-methyl 4-methyl-4-(methyl(2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy) ethyl) amino) pent-2-ynethioate: To the acetylenic amine 3 (1.00 g, 4.44 mmol) in anhydrous THF (22 mL) was added n-Butyllithium solution (2.2 M in hexanes, 1.5 eq) dropwise. The mixture was allowed to reach to 0° C. within 10 minutes then re-cooled to −70° C. before carbonyl sulfide bubbling. After 30 minutes the bright yellow solution was carefully warmed to 0° C., stirred 30 minutes at this temperature and methyl iodide (1.2 eq) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 0° C. before hydrolysis by water. Extractive work-up by DCM (washing with brine, drying with sodium sulfate and concentration under reduced pressure) gave a crude which was purified by chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 90/10 to 60/40) to give compound 4 as an oil (yield 59%).
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 4.58 (t, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (ddd, J=11.4, 7.9, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.38 (m, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.39 (m, 6H), 1.36 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.62 (C═O), 98.94 (CH), 96.46 (C), 80.97 (C), 66.55 (CH2), 62.37 (CH2), 55.19 (C), 52.43 (CH2), 37.92 (CH3), 30.75 (CH2), 28.01 (2×CH3), 25.59 (CH2), 19.63 (CH2), 12.61 (CH3).
Preparation of Compound 5: S-methyl 4-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate: To the aminothiolester 4 (1.00 g, 3.34 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) was added p-toluenesulfonic acid (1.1 eq) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, washed with aqueous saturated NaHCO3 (30 mL) then brine (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 80/20 to 20/80) to give compound 5 as an oil (yield 90%).
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 4.42 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.44 (td, J=6.7, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.46 (C═O), 95.56 (C), 80.89 (C), 58.92 (CH2), 54.99 (C), 53.52 (CH2), 36.12 (CH3), 27.88 (2×CH3), 12.53 (CH3). ESI-HRMS: Calc. for C10H18NO2S [M+H]+ 216.1053 found 216.1043.
Preparation of N,2-dimethyl-N-[2-(2-naphthylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 1.015 eq of NaH and 1.01 eq. of 2-naphtyl bromide. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10). Yield: 61%. orange oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.91-7.88 (m, 4H), 7.50-7.48 (m, 3H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 3.55 (t, 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.13 (s, 1H), 2.62 (t, 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 6H).
Preparation of S-methyl 4-methyl-4-[methyl-[2-(2-naphthylmethoxy)ethyl]amino]pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from N,2-dimethyl-N-[2-(2-naphthylmethoxy)ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine. Scale: 0.65 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=85/15). Yield: 28%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ7.95-7.82 (m, 4H), 7.55-7.41 (m, 3H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.57 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS: calc. for C21H26NO2S 356.1683. found 356.1679 [M+H]+
Preparation of N,2-dimethyl-N-[2-[(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)methoxy]ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 1.015 eq of NaH and 1.01 eq. of 2-(Bromomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene (prepared from p-Cyclocitral by known protocols (WO 2015048363)). Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=95/05). Yield: 67%. Pale yellow oil.
3.86 (s, 2H), 3.41 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.53 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.90 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.57-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.33 (s, 2H), 1.27 (s, 6H), 0.97 (s, 6H).
Preparation of S S-methyl 4-methyl-4-[methyl-[2-[(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)methoxy]ethyl]amino]pent-2-ynethioate: The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate (example 19) starting from N,2-dimethyl-N-[2-[(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)methoxy]ethyl]but-3-yn-2-amine. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=90/10). Yield: 63%. Yellow oil.
H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 3.87 (s, 2H), 3.44 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.91 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.57-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.36 (s, 6H), 1.39-1.34 (m, 2H), 0.97 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C20H34NO2S [M+H]+: 352.2305. found: 352.2289.
To S-methyl 4-[2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate (100 mg, 0.46 mmol) and di-isopropylethylamine (1.2 eq) in dichloromethane (2.3 mL) was added dropwise acetyl chloride (1.2 eq) at 0° C. After 10 min at 0° C. the reaction mixture was warmed up to rt and stirred until complete conversion (TLC checking). The mixture is then diluted in dichloromethane (30 mL), washed with brine (40 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 75/25) to give product 21 as a yellow oil. Yield 58%.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 4.05 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C12H19NO3S [M+H]+: 258.1086. found: 258.1150.
The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for 2-[(1,1-dimethyl-4-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-but-2-ynyl)-methylamino]ethyl acetate [example 21] starting from 3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl chloride. Scale: 0.46 mmol. Purification by chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=60/40). Yield: <10%. yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.59 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.72 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 6H).
The compound is obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-methyl-4-[methyl-[2-[methyl-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]carbamoyl]oxyethyl]amino]pent-2-ynethioate [compound 7/Example 29] starting from N,N,N′-Trimethylethylenediamine. Purification by chromatography on silica gel DCM/MeOH (85/15). Yield: 34%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 4.01 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.32-3.25 (m, 2H), 2.83 (large s, 3H), 2.62 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.6-2.5 (m partially hide by solvent peak, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.17 (large s, 6H), 1.36 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C16H30N3O3S [M+H]+: 344.1992. found: 344.1993.
Preparation of (S)-2-(methoxymethyl)-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidine: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] using 1 eq of (S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethanol, 1.015 eq of NaH and 1.01 eq. of iodomethane. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (dichloromethane/methanol=90/10). Scale 3.0 mmol. Yield: 61%. Orange oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.06 (m, 2H), 3.05 (s, 1H), 3.03-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.54 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.24 (s, 3H).
ESI-LRMS: 182.2 [M+H]+.
Preparation of (S)—S-methyl 4-(2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from (S)-2-(methoxymethyl)-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidine. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=80/20). Scale 0.8 mmol. Yield: 57%.
Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.19-2.89 (m, 4H), 2.67-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 1.83-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 3H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C13H22NO2S [M+H]+: 256.1366. found: 256.1363.
Preparation of (R)-3-methoxy-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidine: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] starting from (R)-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol using 1.015 eq of NaH and 1.01 eq. of iodomethane. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (dichloromethane/methanol=90/10). Scale 3.3 mmol. Yield 30%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 3.85 (ddd, J=10.8, 7.2, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 3.13 (s, 1H) 2.82 (dd, J=9.8, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 2.66-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.28 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS: 168.0 [M+H]+.
Preparation of (R)—S-methyl 4-(3-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate:
The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from (R)-3-methoxy-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidine. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=60/40). Scale 0.8 mmol. Yield: 55%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 3.87 (ddd, J=10.5, 6.9, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.76 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.07-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.36 (s, 6H).
Preparation of (1R,2R)-2-benzyloxy-N-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-ynyl)cyclopentanamine:
To a solution of commercially available (1R,2R)-2-(benzyloxy)cyclopentanamine (0.93 g, 4.86 mmol), 3-chloro-3-methylbut-1-yne (1.3 eq) and triethylamine (1.3 eq) in THF (20 mL) was added CuI (8 mol %) at room temperature. The mixture was left to stir overnight. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude was then diluted in aqueous saturated NaHCO3 solution, extracted with ethyl acetate. Combined organic layers were washed with 2% NH4OH aqueous solution then brine, dried over Na2SO4 and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. (1R,2R)-2-benzyloxy-N-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-ynyl)cyclopentanamine was obtained as a brown oil. Yield: 99%.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.37-7.16 (m, 5H), 4.56-4.36 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.19 (m, 1H), 3.08 (s, 1H), 2.00-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.49 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.28 (m, 1H), 1.25 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 3H).
Preparation of (1R,2R)-2-(benzyloxy)-N-methyl-N-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)cyclopentanamine: To (1R,2R)-2-(benzyloxy)-N-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)cyclopentanamine (0.25 g, 0.97 mmol) were added 5 eq of formic acid and 1.5 eq of formaldehyde (37% in water). The mixture was refluxed overnight then 2N HCl was added until pH 1 was reached and washed with ether. The aqueous layer was basified with 1N NaOH, and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and the solvents evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude is then purified by chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=80/20), giving a yellow oil. Yield 68%.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.43-7.17 (m, 5H), 4.52 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 1H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.78-1.45 (m, 6H), 1.37 (s, 3H), 1.34 (s, 3H).
ESI-LRMS: 272.1 [M+H]+.
Preparation of S-methyl 4-(((1R,2R)-2-(benzyloxy)cyclopentyl)(methyl)amino)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from (1R,2R)-2-(benzyloxy)-N-methyl-N-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)cyclopentanamine. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=80/20 then DCM=100). Scale 0.64 mmol. Yield: 47%. Yellow oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.35-7.20 (m, 5H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 3.92-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.45 (m, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.78-1.49 (m, 6H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 3H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C20H28NO2S [M+H]+: 346.1835. found: 346.1824.
Preparation of (S)-2-((benzyloxy)methyl)-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidine: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] starting from (S)-(1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol 1.015 eq of NaH and 1.01 eq. of benzyl bromide. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (dichloromethane/methanol=95/5). Scale 3.0 mmol. Yield 60%. Orange oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.41-7.19 (m, 5H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 3.24 (dd, J=8.3, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 3.14 (dd, J=7.6, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.11-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.86 (dd, J=8.4, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.54 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.51 (m, 4H), 1.25 (s, 3H), 1.23 (s, 3H).
ESI-LRMS: 258.1 [M+H]+.
Preparation of (S)—S-methyl 4-(2-((benzyloxy)methyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from (S)-2-((benzyloxy)methyl)-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidine. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether/EtOAc=80/20). Scale 1.2 mmol. Yield: 50%. Orange oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.46-7.18 (m, 5H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 3.29-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.17-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.94 (dd, J=8.5, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.62-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 1.85-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H).
Preparation of (R)-3-(benzyloxy)-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidine: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for N-(2-allyloxyethyl)-N,2-dimethyl-but-3-yn-2-amine [example 2] starting from (R)-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol using 1.01 eq of NaH and 1.01 eq. of benzyl bromide. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (dichloromethane/methanol=98/2). Scale 3.3 mmol. Yield 69%. Orange oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.40-7.17 (m, 5H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.07 (tt, J=7.3, 3.7 Hz, 1H) 3.13 (s, 1H), 2.86 (dd, J=9.6, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.75-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.06-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.29 (s, 6H).
ESI-LRMS 244.1 [M+H]+.
Preparation of (R)—S-methyl 4-(3-(benzyloxy)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate: The compound was obtained by using the same process as the one described for S-methyl 4-[2-ethoxyethyl(methyl)amino]-4-methyl-pent-2-ynethioate [example 1] starting from (R)-3-(benzyloxy)-1-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)pyrrolidine. Purification by chromatography on silicagel (dichloromethane/methanol=98/2). Scale 1.2 mmol. Yield: 69%. Orange oil.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.32 (m, 5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.09 (dq, J=10.2, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 2.97-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.11-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.37 (s, 6H).
ESI-HRMS calc for C18H24NO2S [M+H]+: 318.1522. found: 318.1518.
Preparation of a linker (Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-PNP): The selected linker for the conjugate preparation was designed on known platform already used in Rituximab and others, comprising the maleimide for attachment to the Antibody, the Cathepsin cleavable group and the p-amino benzyl system for the 1,6-elimination: Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-PNP, CAS 159857-81-5.
It was prepared following standard protocols starting from Fmoc-Val-OSu [CAS 3392-12-9] or may be purchased from commercial suppliers (ex. creative biolabs, ALB technology, Carbosynth etc.).
The general formula of the linker is indicated below:
Preparation of the Compound According to the Invention (Example 18) Coupled to Mc-Val-Cit-PAB-PNP
To p-nitrochloroformate (140 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.5 eq) in of DCM (2.5 mL) was added dropwise a solution of compound 5 (100 mg, 0.46 mmol) and TEA (1.5 eq) in DCM (1.5 mL) at 0° C. After 10 minutes at 0° C. the reaction mixture was warmed up to room temperature and stirred until complete conversion (TLC checking, 1 h). The mixture is then diluted in DCM (30 mL), washed with brine (40 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 100/ to 70/30) to give compound 6 as an amorphous solid (yield 82%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ(ppm) 8.35-8.30 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H), 4.30 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 6H).
To compound 6 (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) is added TEA (1.2 eq) at room temperature. Then a solution of tert-butyl N-methyl-N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]carbamate (1.2 eq) in DCM (2.3 mL) is added at 0° C. The bright yellow reaction mixture obtained was warmed up to room temperature and stirred overnight. The mixture was diluted in 30 mL of DCM, washed by 40 mL of brine, dried over Na2SO4 and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 75/25 to 20/80) to give compound 7 as a visquous oil (yield 70%).
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ(ppm) 3.99 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.85-2.70 (m, 7H), 2.66-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 1.36 (s, 6H). ESI-LRMS: Calc. for C20H36N3O5S [M+H]+: 430.2. found: 430.2.
To compound 7 (44.5 mg, 0.104 mmol) in 4.5 mL of DCM (4.5 mL) was added TFA (0.5 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was then allowed to warm up to room temperature and stirred overnight. After concentration in vacuo (bath T° C.<45° C.) The oily residue was triturated and sonicated in Et2O. The resulting sticky solid (bis trifluoroacetate salt) was washed with Et2O and dried. Yield: 67%.
1H NMR (300 MHz, D2O) δ 4.57-4.44 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.62 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.30-3.19 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.05-2.99 (m, 3H), 2.99-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.79 (s, 6H). ESI-LRMS: Calc. for C15H28N3O3S [M+H]+: 330.2. found: 330.1.
To MC-Val-Cit-PABC-PNP (52 mg, 0.07 mmol) and compound 8 (1.06 eq) in DMF (1.4 mL) were sequentially added at 0° C.: HOBt (1 eq) in one portion then DIPEA (3 eq) dropwise. After 5 minutes at 0° C., the mixture was warmed up to room temperature and stirred overnight. The mixture is then concentrated under vacuum (¾ evaporation off, bath T° C.<45° C.) and flocculated with Et2O. A white crude solid was obtained after washings/triturations (×3) in Et2O. A final purification by chromatography on silica (MeOH/DCM 95/5 to 90/10%) gave the final product (compound 9) as a white solid. Yield: 75%.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.99 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.01 (s, 2H), 5.97 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 4.44-4.32 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 3.45-3.33 (m, 4H), 3.09-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.70 (m, 6H), 2.65-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.11 (m, 5H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.09 (m, 18H), 0.84 (dd, J=9.5, 6.8 Hz, 6H).
LC: Zorbax, ACN/H2O 0.1% TFA, 254 nm, 96%.
ESI-HRMS: Calc. for C44H66N9O11S [M+H]+ 928.4597 found 928.4586.
Cell lines. Leukemic cell line, HL-60 (derived from a 36-year-old female with AML-M2), was used for determination of drug efficacy. Cells were obtained from the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC). All cells were cultivated in appropriate media according to supplier recommendations.
Cell Viability assay, 96-well format. Cells were seeded into 96-well cell culture plates at concentrations required to ensure approximately 80% confluence in control (untreated cells) at the end of experiment (0.5×104-5×104 cell/well).
The sensitivity towards compounds according to the invention was determined using different concentrations of each compound ranging from 0.5 to 100 μM (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100 μM). Following 48 hours of incubation at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2, the growth-inhibitory effect of compounds was analyzed using Resazurin, according to manufactures instructions.
To ensure good data quality and to minimize impact of pipetting errors, each compounds concentration was assessed based on mean fluorescence intensity from 8 separate wells. Compounds response were quantified by the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for each particular cell line, and determined by non-linear regression analysis of log-dose/response curves.
Statistical Analysis. Values were expressed as mean±SD or frequencies and proportions. Cell viability curves were determined using four parameter regression line. Differences between groups were determined by unpaired t test, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test or ANOVA, where appropriate. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analysis was performed using GraphPad prism version 5.0 (GraphPad software, San Diego Calif. USA).
The IC50 obtained by testing the cytotoxicity activity of the compounds according to the invention in HL60 cells are mentioned in table 3 below.
Human recombinant ALDH1A1, ALDH1 A2, ALDH1A3, ALDH2 (Creative BioMart, NY, USA) were prepared at 1 mg/mL. The enzymatic reactions were performed using saturating concentrations of substrate. To test the enzymatic activity of the enzymes, 10 μL of enzyme was added into a reaction buffer containing 50 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 30 mM MgCl2, plus 20 mM NAD+ cofactor and 2 mM Hexanal (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo., USA) in the presence or absence of the different tested compounds. Internal standards were prepared with Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduce form (NADH, 500 μM, Sigma-Aldrich) in Reaction Buffer (50 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 30 mM MgCl2).
For ALDH3A1 (1 mg/mL), 10 μL of enzyme was added into a reaction buffer containing 50 mM Tris, 5 mM DTT, pH 8, plus 40 mM Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized form, NADP+) and 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde (4-NBA) (Sigma-.Aldrich). Internal standards were prepared with Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH, 5 μM, Sigma-Aldrich) in Reaction Buffer (50 mM Tris, 5 mM DTT, pH 8).
Time-dependent inhibition assays were performed for 0-2-5-10-15-20-30-45-60 min at 37° C. in 1 mL-quartz cuvette. The formation of NADH was monitored, reading samples at excitation wavelength=340 nm/emission wavelength=460 nm (fluorescence) for at least 600 sec using Cary Eclipse Varian fluorimeter.
Negative control consisted in the same reactions except that enzyme was not added (enzyme blank). To determine the slope for enzyme blank and calculate product concentration (Unit of fluorescence) the following formulae was used:
where Cst is the standard NADH concentration, Fst is the standard fluorescence and dF/dt is the slope of the time dependent fluorescence (S. Sotobodowska et al, 2012).
The specific activity of the enzymes (μmol/min·mg-U/mg) in the absence of presence of inhibitors was calculated as follows:
In said reactions, activity of compounds 3 and 5 according to the invention was compared to the one of DIMATE (S-methyl 4-(dimethylamino)-4-methylpent-2-ynethioate, described in EP 1296946).
The IC50 obtained are mentioned in table 4 below.
Compounds 3 and 5 showed higher inhibition of the ALDH class 1 enzymes than that of DIMATE.
The kinetic data are expressed as the mean±standard error from three independent determination. Kinact/Ki was determined from Kobs versus concentration of the inhibitor [I] plots. Kobs was determined from product concentration vs time incubation plot of the enzymes with compounds 3 and 5 or DIMATE at different concentration (i.e. 300 PM, 200 μM, 100 μM, 50 μM, 20 μM, and 10 μM of inhibitors). The Kobs were obtained from negative exponential fit using non-linear regression program GraFit 5.0 (Erithacus software).
The kinetic parameters obtained are mentioned in table 5 below.
The inhibitory potency of compounds 3 and 5 is between 4 and 20-fold higher than that of DIMATE for ALDH class 1 recombinant enzymes, in particular ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3.
To determine the inhibition mechanisms of the tested compounds for each isoenzyme, the corresponding Kobs were calculated as mentioned above, plotting product concentration vs time incubation of the enzymes with the test compounds at 300 μM, 200 μM, 100 μM, 50 μM, 20 μM and 10 μM. The kobs were obtained for each concentration of inhibitor tested, from the negative exponential fit using non-linear regression program GraFit 5.0 (Erithacus software). Finally, the kinetic parameter of kinact/KI was determined from the plot of kobs versus the corresponding concentration of inhibitor. The slope of the linear fit of data indicated the rate constant in μM−1·min−1. Based on the different plots obtained, the irreversible inhibition was characterized as Specific or Non-Specific Affinity Labelling.
In case of Specific Affinity Labelling the plot exhibits a saturated kobs versus concentration of inhibitor diagram (similar to a reversible inhibition plot), achieving a plateau at high concentrations of inhibitor. In Non-Specific Affinity Labelling, the dependence of kobs on inhibitor concentration appears as non-saturating.
In said experiment, compounds 3 and 5 were compared to Dimate.
The results obtained are mentioned in table 6 below.
Although all the characterized compounds showed irreversible inhibition, the type of inactivation observed for the different isoenzymes varied between specific and non-specific affinity label. Notably, compounds 3 and 5 interact with higher specificity with ALDH1A3 while for DIMATE that inhibition takes place by a single-step mechanism of inactivation as described for non-specific affinity label, irreversible inhibitors.
ADC is a three-components system including a cytotoxic agent linked via a biodegradable linker to an antibody. The antibody binds to specific markers (antigens or receptors) at the surface if the cancer cell. The whole antibody-drug conjugate is then internalized within the cancer cell, where the linker is degraded and the active drug released.
In the context of the present invention, cytotoxic agent, a compound according to the invention, is coupled to antibody via an attachment group (maleimide, succinimidyl ester, specific peptidic sequence substrate of enzyme, etc. . . . ), linked to a cleavable linker (protease site, hydrazine, disulfide) or non-cleavable and with or not a self-imolative spacer.
Reference is made to part 1 example 29.
Conjugation with the Antibody Rituximab
Antibody rituximab (Roche@ was mixed with DTT at 37° C. for 30 minutes and then diafiltered against PBS containing 1 mmol/L EDTA using Amicon Ultra-15, MWCO 30 kDa, Merck-Millipore. The thiol concentration was quantified by Ellman's reagent, 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) [DTNB]. A 50-fold molar excess of the final compound 9 obtained in the precedent paragraph dissolve in DMF, was added to the reduced antibody at 4° C. for 1 hour. Antibody-Drug conjugate was diafiltered in PBSx1 using Amicon Ultra-15, MWCO 30 kDa, Merck-Millipore. For the determination of Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR), the thiol concentration of modified antibody after coupling was quantified by Ellman's reagent.
The mechanism of release of the compound according to the invention followed by the cathepsin cleavage group is shown in the scheme below:
Released Fragments:
DAR of Antibody-Drug Conjugate mentioned in part 3 was controlled by the difference between the thiol quantification using Ellman's Reagent, after the mild thiolation of rituximab by dithiothreitol (DTT) and the quenching of these free thiol by the coupling of the maleimide group. After DTT thiolation, 10 new free thiol group were produced by Rituximab molecule. After coupling of the final product 9, the totality of these new free thiol group was quenched resulting a coupling of 10 compounds 9 per Rituximab molecule.
50 000 viable Raji cells were plated in triplicate. Then, serial 1:2 dilutions of Rituximab-compound 9 or a control Rituximab were added to yield the final concentrations (starting concentrations 50 μg/mL). The cells were incubated for 48 h at which time 20 μl of Alamar Blue (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was added to each well. The plates were incubated for an additional four hours and the fluorescence intensity read on a plate reader using excitation wavelength of 540 nm and an emission wavelength of 620 nm.
The results show that Raji cells viability was significantly (
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19305989.6 | Jul 2019 | EP | regional |
The present application is a U.S. National Phase Application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2020/071640 filed Jul. 31, 2020, which claims priority of European Patent Application No. 19305989.6 filed Jul. 31, 2019. The entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/071640 | 7/31/2020 | WO |
