Patent Grant
8308877
This application claims the priority and benefit of Chinese Patent Application No. 200910110323.5 filed with State Intellectual Property Office, P. R. C. on Oct. 22, 2009.
The present disclosure relates generally to amorphous alloys, and methods for preparing the same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates amorphous alloys having zirconium, and methods for preparing the same.
Amorphous metallic alloys may have a generally disordered atomic-scale structure, which is in contrast to most metals that are often crystalline and have a generally organized atomic-scale structure. Amorphous metallic alloys may otherwise be referred to as “metallic glasses” or “glassy metals.” Such alloys may be used in connection with a wide variety of applications, including, without limitation, in connection with golf clubs, industrial coatings and overlays, and cellular telephone technology.
In accordance with various illustrative embodiments hereinafter disclosed are alloys, which may be represented by general formula of (ZrxAlyCuzNi1-x-y-z)100-a-bScaYb, wherein x, y, and z are atomic percents, and a and b are atom molar ratios, in which: about 0.45≦x≦about 0.60; about 0.08≦y≦about 0.12; about 0.25≦z≦about 0.35; 0<a≦about 5; and 0≦b<about 0.1.
In accordance with another illustrative embodiment hereinafter disclosed are methods of preparing alloys. The method may include melting one or more metals selected from the group consisting of: Zr; Al; Cu; Ni; Sc; and Y, to form a melted alloy. The method may further include molding the melted alloy with cooling to form an amorphous alloy; wherein the amorphous alloy is represented by the general formula of: (ZrxAlyCuzNi1-x-y-z)100-a-bScaYb, wherein x, y, and z are atomic percents, and a and b are atom molar ratios, in which: about 0.45≦x≦about 0.60; about 0.08≦y≦ about 0.12; about 0.25≦z≦about 0.35; 0<a≦about 5; and 0≦b<about 0.1.
While alloys such as amorphous alloys, and methods thereof, will be described in connection with various preferred illustrative embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the alloys and methods thereof to those embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The present alloys may be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an alloy is provided which may include zirconium. The alloy may further be represented by the following general formula: (ZrxAlyCuzNi1-x-y-z)100-a-bScaYb, wherein x, y, and z are atomic percentages, and a and b are atomic molar ratios, in which: about 0.45≦x≦about 0.60; about 0.08≦y≦about 0.12; about 0.25≦z≦about 0.35; 0<a≦about 5; and 0≦b<about 0.1. In an alternative embodiment, the alloy may be represented by the following general formula: (ZrxAlyCuzNi1-x-y-z)100-a-bScaYb, wherein x, y, and z are atomic percentages, and a and b are atomic molar ratios, in which: about 0.50≦x≦about 0.55; about 0.08≦y≦about 0.10; about 0.28≦z≦about 0.32; 0<a≦about 3; and about 0.05≦b<about 0.1. In a still further alternative embodiment, the Zr-based amorphous alloy may be represented by the general formula of: (Zr0.52Al0.10Cu0.305Ni0.075)100-a-bScaYb, wherein a and b are atomic molar ratios, in which: 0<a≦about 5 and 0≦b<about 0.1.
In an embodiment, the above-described alloy may be an amorphous alloy. For the purposes of this disclosure, an “amorphous alloy” may mean a metallic alloy having a non-crystalline disordered atomic-scale structure.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for preparing the amorphous alloys of the present disclosure is provided. The method may comprise the following steps: melting a raw material having one or more metal selected from the group consisting of Zr, Al, Cu, Ni, Sc, and Y to form a melted alloy; and cooling/molding the melted alloy to form an amorphous alloy.
In an embodiment, the metals of the raw material may be selected in amounts sufficient to satisfy the above-described general formulas. Minor amounts of impurities may be present in the raw, and preferably the raw material may have an impurity content of less than about 5 atomic percent, based on the total weight of the amorphous alloy. Without wishing to be bound by the theory, Applicant believes that the greater the purity of the raw material, the easier it will be to form the amorphous alloy. In an embodiment, the raw material may have a purity of between about 95 wt % to about 100 wt %. In an embodiment, the raw material may have an oxygen content of less than about 1 atomic percent.
In an embodiment, the melting and molding steps may be performed in the presence of a protective gas or under vacuum conditions in order to protect the raw material from oxidation. The protective gas may be selected from the group consisting of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, nitrogen, and combinations thereof. The protective gas may have a purity greater than about 94 percent, by volume, and preferably has a purity of about 99.9 percent, by volume.
The melting step may be achieved by any known method, provided that the raw material is sufficiently melted. In an embodiment, the melting may be performed in a conventional melting device, such as an arc melting furnace or an induction melting furnace. The melting temperature and the melting time may vary according to different raw materials. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the melting step may be performed when the raw material reaches a temperature ranging from about 1,200° C. to about 3,000° C. for about 0.5 minutes to about 5 minutes. In an alternative embodiment, the melting step may be performed at a temperature of about 1,200° C. to about 2,500° C. for about 1 minute to about 3 minutes. Additionally, in an embodiment, the meting device may be vacuumed to a vacuum degree of less than about 1000 Pa before protective gas is introduced therein. In an embodiment, the melting and cooling/molding steps may be performed under vacuum with a vacuum degree of about 0.01 Pa to about 1000 Pa.
The amorphous alloy of the present disclosure may be cast relatively easily. The cooling/molding step may include those generally known to those skilled in the art, such as casting the melted alloy in a chilled, or continuously cooled, mold. Suitable casting methods may include: gravity casting; suction casting; spray casting; or die casting. In an embodiment, the mold may be made from copper alloy, stainless steel, and materials having a thermal conductivity ranging from between about 30 W/(m·K) to about 400 W/(m·K), and alternatively ranging from between about 50 W/(m·K) to about 200 W/(m·K). The mold may be cooled by water, oil, or liquid nitrogen, at a cooling speed sufficient such that the alloy undergoes cooling at rates greater than about 10 K/s. In an embodiment, the cooling speed may range from between about 10 K/s to about 104 K/s.
In this way, the articles according to embodiments of this disclosure may have better glass formability and plastic deformability, and enhanced toughness and strength, without requiring strict preparing conditions.
The present disclosure will be further described with reference to the following examples wherein:
An first exemplary alloy was prepared according to the following steps:
a) A raw material comprising about 50.44 atomic percent of Zr, about 9.7 atomic percent of Al, about 29.585 atomic percent of Cu, about 7.275 atomic percent of Ni, and about 3 atomic percent of Sc, each with a purity of about 95.5 wt % was placed in an arc melting furnace available from SKY Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. The furnace was then vacuumed until a vacuum degree of about 5 Pa, and then nitrogen, with a purity of about 99.9% by volume, was introduced into the melting furnace as a protective gas. The raw material was melted at a temperature of about 1,300° C. for about 3 minutes to form a melted alloy.
b) The melted alloy was poured into a cylindrical copper mold by gravity casting, and the copper mold was cooled by water at a cooling speed of about 103 K/s to form an amorphous alloy sample (hereinafter “A1”). Upon exiting the mold, A1 had a diameter of about 2 millimeters and a length of about 20 millimeters. A1 was tested using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (“ICP-AES”) and was composed of (Zr0.52Al0.10Cu0.305Ni0.075)97Sc3.
A first comparative alloy was prepared according to the following steps:
a) A raw material comprising about 53.9 atomic percent of Zr, about 14.7 atomic percent of Al, about 19.6 atomic percent of Cu, about 9.8 atomic percent of Ni, and about 2 atomic percent of Y, each with a purity of about 95.5 wt % was placed in an arc melting furnace available from SKY Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. The furnace was then vacuumed until a vacuum degree of about 5 Pa, and then nitrogen, with a purity of about 99.9% by volume, was introduced into the melting furnace as a protective gas. The raw material was melted at a temperature of about 1,300° C. for about 3 minutes to form a melted alloy.
b) The melted alloy was poured into a cylindrical copper mold by gravity casting, and cooled by water at a cooling speed of about 103 K/s to form an amorphous alloy sample (hereinafter “D1”). Upon exiting the mold, D1 had a diameter of about 2 millimeters and a length of about 20 millimeters. D1 was tested using ICP-AES and was composed of (Zr0.55Al0.15Cu0.20Ni0.10)98Y2.
A second comparative alloy was prepared according to the following steps:
a) A raw material comprising about 30 atomic percent of Zr, about 5 atomic percent of Al, about 60 atomic percent of Cu, and about 5 atomic percent of Sc, each with a purity of about 95.5 wt % was placed in an arc melting furnace available from SKY Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. The furnace was then vacuumed until a vacuum degree of about 5 Pa, and then nitrogen, with a purity of about 99.9% by volume, was introduced into the melting furnace as a protective gas. The raw material was melted at a temperature of about 1,300° C. for about 3 minutes to form a melted alloy.
b) The melted alloy was poured into a cylindrical copper mold by gravity casting, and cooled by water at a cooling speed of about 103 K/s to form an amorphous alloy sample (hereinafter “D2”). Upon exiting the mold, D2 had a diameter of about 2 millimeters and a length of about 20 millimeters. D2 was tested using ICP-AES and was composed of Cu60Zr30Al5Sc5.
A second exemplary alloy was prepared according to the following steps:
a) A raw material comprising about 51.74 atomic percent of Zr, about 9.95 atomic percent of Al, about 30.3475 atomic percent of Cu, about 7.4625 atomic percent of Ni, and about 0.5 atomic percent of Sc, each with a purity of about 95.5 wt % was placed in an arc melting furnace available from SKY Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. The furnace was then vacuumed until a vacuum degree of about 5 Pa, and then nitrogen, with a purity of about 99.9% by volume, was introduced into the melting furnace as a protective gas. The raw material was melted at a temperature of about 1,300° C. for about 3 minutes to form a melted alloy.
b) The melted alloy was poured into a cylindrical copper mold by gravity casting, and cooled by water at a cooling speed of about 103 K/s to form an amorphous alloy sample (hereinafter “A2”). Upon exiting the mold, A2 had a diameter of about 2 millimeters and a length of about 20 millimeters. A2 was tested using ICP-AES and was composed of (Zr0.52Al0.10Cu0.305Ni0.075)99.5SC0.5.
A third exemplary alloy was prepared according to the following steps:
a) A raw material comprising about 49.4 atomic percent of Zr, about 9.5 atomic percent of Al, about 28.975 atomic percent of Cu, about 7.125 atomic percent of Ni, and about 5 atomic percent of Sc, each with a purity of about 95.5 wt % was placed in an arc melting furnace available from SKY Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. The furnace was then vacuumed until a vacuum degree of about 5 Pa, and then nitrogen, with a purity of about 99.9% by volume, was introduced into the melting furnace as a protective gas. The raw material was melted at a temperature of about 1,300° C. for about 3 minutes to form a melted alloy.
b) The melted alloy was poured into a cylindrical copper mold by gravity casting, and cooled by water at a cooling speed of about 103 K/s to form an amorphous alloy sample (hereinafter “A3”). Upon exiting the mold, A3 had a diameter of about 2 millimeters and a length of about 20 millimeters. A3 was tested using ICP-AES and was composed of (Zr0.52Al0.10Cu0.305Ni0.075)95Sc5.
A fourth exemplary alloy was prepared according to the following steps:
a) A raw material comprising about 48.5 atomic percent of Zr, about 9.7 atomic percent of Al, about 29.1 atomic percent of Cu, about 9.7 atomic percent of Ni, and about 3 atomic percent of Sc, each with a purity of about 95.5 wt % was placed in an arc melting furnace available from SKY Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. The furnace was vacuumed until a vacuum degree of about 5 Pa, and then nitrogen, with a purity of about 99.9% by volume, was introduced into the melting furnace as a protective gas. The raw material was melted at a temperature of about 1,300° C. for about 3 minutes to form a melted alloy.
b) The melted alloy was poured into a cylindrical copper mold by gravity casting, and cooled by water at a cooling speed of about 103 K/s to form an amorphous alloy sample (hereinafter “A4”). Upon exiting the mold, A4 had a diameter of about 2 millimeters and a length of about 20 millimeters. A4 was tested using ICP-AES and was composed of (Zr0.5Al0.1Cu0.3Ni0.1)97Sc3.
A fifth exemplary alloy was prepared according to the following steps:
a) A raw material comprising about 43.6275 atomic percent of Zr, about 9.695 atomic percent of Al, about 33.9325 atomic percent of Cu, about 9.695 atomic percent of Ni, about 3 atomic percent of Sc, and about 0.05 atomic percent of Y, each with a purity of about 95.5 wt % was placed in an arc melting furnace available from SKY Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. The furnace was then vacuumed until a vacuum degree of about 5 Pa, and then nitrogen, with a purity of about 99.9% by volume, was introduced into the melting furnace as a protective gas. The raw material was melted at a temperature of about 1,300° C. for about 3 minutes to form a melted alloy.
b) The melted alloy was poured into a cylindrical copper mold by gravity casting, and cooled by water at a cooling speed of about 103 K/s to form an amorphous alloy sample (hereinafter “A5”). Upon exiting the mold, A5 had a diameter of about 2 millimeters and a length of about 20 millimeters. A5 was tested using ICP-AES and was composed of (Zr0.45Al0.1Cu0.35Ni0.1)96.95SC3Y0.05.
A sixth exemplary alloy was prepared according to the following steps:
a) A raw material comprising about 50.3932 atomic percent of Zr, about 9.691 atomic percent of Al, about 29.55755 atomic percent of Cu, about 7.26825 atomic percent of Ni, about 3 atomic percent of Sc, and about 0.09 atomic percent of Y, each with a purity of about 95.5 wt % was placed in an arc melting furnace available from SKY Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. The furnace was then vacuumed until a vacuum degree of about 5 Pa, and then nitrogen, with a purity of about 99.9% by volume, was introduced into the melting furnace as a protective gas. The raw material was melted at a temperature of about 1,300° C. for about 3 minutes to form a melted alloy.
b) The melted alloy was poured into a cylindrical copper mold by gravity casting, and cooled by water at a cooling speed of about 103 K/s to form an amorphous alloy sample (hereinafter “A6”). Upon exiting the mold, A6 had a diameter of about 2 millimeters and a length of about 20 millimeters. A6 was tested using ICP-AES and was composed of (Zr0.52Al0.10Cu0.305Ni0.075)96.91Sc3Y0.09.
A seventh exemplary alloy was prepared according to the following steps:
a) A raw material comprising about 53.9 atomic percent of Zr, about 14.7 atomic percent of Al, about 19.6 atomic percent of Cu, about 9.8 atomic percent of Ni, and about 2 atomic percent of Y, each with a purity of about 95.5 wt % was placed in an arc melting furnace available from SKY Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences. The furnace was then vacuumed until a vacuum degree of about 10 Pa, and then nitrogen, with a purity of about 99.9% by volume, was introduced into the melting furnace as a protective gas. The raw material was melted at a temperature of about 1,500° C. for about 2.5 minutes to form a melted alloy.
b) The melted alloy was poured into a cylindrical copper mold by gravity casting, and cooled by water at a cooling speed of about 2×103 K/s to form an amorphous alloy sample (hereinafter “A7”). Upon exiting the mold, A7 had a diameter of about 2 millimeters and a length of about 20 millimeters. A7 was tested using ICP-AES and was composed of (Zr0.52Al0.10Cu0.305Ni0.075)97Sc3.
Testing
1) X-Ray Diffraction
A1-A7 and D1-D2 were tested by an D-MAX2200PC X-ray powder diffractometer under conditions of: a copper target, an incident wavelength of about 1.54060 Å, an accelerating voltage of about 40 KV, a current of about 20 mA, a scanning step of about 0.04° respectively.
2) Impact Toughness
Impact toughness was performed on ZBC1000 pendulum impact tester available from Shenzhen sans Materials Testing Co., Ltd., P.R.C. Each of A1-A7 and D1-A2 were cut to obtain a U-shape gap with a length of about 2 millimeters. The samples were then tested by Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method according to GBT 229-2007 to obtain the impact toughness provided for in Table 1.
3) Compressive Fracture Strength and Stress-Strain Curve
A1-A7 and D1-D2 were cut into an alloy bar having an about 1 millimeter diameter and a length of about 2 millimeters. The alloy bars were tested using a CMT5105 Electronic Universal Testing Machine to obtain compressive fracture strengths and stress-strain curves of the samples respectively. Maximum plastic strains values were calculated from the respective stress-strain curves. The results are provided in Table 1.
Although explanatory embodiments have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, alternatives, and modifications all falling into the scope of the claims and their equivalents can be made in the embodiments without departing from spirit and principles of the disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 1 0110323 | Oct 2009 | CN | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5288344 | Peker et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5368659 | Peker et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5797443 | Lin et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 6374899 | Yamaguchi et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6562156 | Liu | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6682611 | Zhang et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6709536 | Kim et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6805758 | Wolter | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6896750 | Wolter | May 2005 | B2 |
| 7008490 | Peker | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7153376 | Wolter | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7244321 | Kim et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7357731 | Johnson et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 20030075246 | Peker | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030217790 | Wolter | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20040084114 | Wolter | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040216812 | Wolter | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20060108033 | Peker et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060154745 | Johnson et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20070107810 | Farmer | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070131312 | Kim et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20080190521 | Loffler et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20090139612 | Lu et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20110097237 | Gong et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110280761 | Gong et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110308671 | Gong et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120067466 | Gong et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120073706 | Gong et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120073707 | Gong et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120073709 | Gong et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1548572 | Nov 2004 | CN |
| 2103699 | Sep 2009 | EP |
| 2000234156 | Aug 2000 | JP |
| WO 2010130199 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| WO 2011050695 | May 2011 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20110094633 A1 | Apr 2011 | US |
