AMORPHOUS KINASE INHIBITOR FORMULATIONS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

Abstract

Provided herein is an amorphous compound represented by Formula (I):

Description

BACKGROUND

c-KIT (also known as KIT, CD117, and stem cell factor receptor) is a 145 kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase protein that acts as a type-III receptor. The c-KIT proto-oncogene, located on chromosome 4q11-21, encodes the c-KIT receptor, whose ligand is the stem cell factor (SCF), steel factor, kit ligand, and mast cell growth factor. The receptor has tyrosine-protein kinase activity and binding of the ligand SCF leads to the autophosphorylation of c-KIT and its association with substrates such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Tyrosine phosphorylation by protein tyrosine kinases is of particular importance in cellular signaling and can mediate signals for major cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, differentiation, apoptosis, attachment, invasiveness and migration. Defects in c-KIT are a cause of piebaldism, an autosomal dominant genetic developmental abnormality of pigmentation characterized by congenital patches of white skin and hair that lack melanocytes. Gain-of-function mutations of the c-KIT gene and the expression of constitutively phosphorylated c-KIT are found in most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and mastocytosis. Further, almost all gonadal seminomas/dysgerminomas exhibit c-KIT membranous staining, and several reports have clarified that some (10-25%) have a c-KIT gene mutation. c-KIT defects have also been associated with testicular tumors including germ cell tumors (GCT) and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). C-KIT mutations also have been associated with a subset of cutaneous or acral melanoma.

Oncogenic genomic alterations of PDGFRα kinase or overexpression of PDGFRα kinase have been shown to be causative of human cancers. Missense mutations of PDGFRα kinase have been shown to be causative of a subset of GISTs. PDGFRα mutations are oncogenic drivers in approximately 8-10% of GISTs. The predominant PDGFRα mutation is exon 18 D842V, although other exon 18 mutations including D846Y, N848K, and Y849K, and exon 18 insertion-deletion mutations (INDELs) including RD841-842KI, DI842-843-IM, and HDSN845-848P have also been reported. Furthermore, rare mutations in PDGFRα exons 12 and 14 have also been reported. The PDGFRα exon 18 deletion mutations ΔD842-H845 and ΔI843-D846 have been reported in GIST. Amplification or mutations of PDGRFα have been described in human tissues of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). Amplification of PDGFRα has been described in multiple skin lesions of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and in intimal sarcoma. Amplification of PDGFRα has been linked to a subset of lung cancer patients. 4q12, containing the PDGFRα gene locus, is amplified in 3-7% of lung adenocarcinomas and 8-10% of lung squamous cell carcinomas. PDGFRα amplification is common in pediatric and adult high-grade astrocytomas and identified a poor prognostic group in IDH1 mutant glioblastoma. PDGFRα amplification was frequent in pediatric (29.3%) and adult (20.9%) tumors. PDGFRα amplification was reported to increase with grade and in particular to be associated with a less favorable prognosis in IDH1 mutant de novo GBMs. The PDGFRα locus in PDGFRα-amplified gliomas has been demonstrated to present a PDGFRα exon 8,9 intragenic deletion rearrangement. This intragenic deletion was common, being present in 40% of the glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) presenting with PDGFRα amplification. Tumors with this rearrangement displayed histologic features of oligodendroglioma, and the PDGFRα exon 8,9 intragenic deletion showed constitutively elevated tyrosine kinase activity. The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion protein is oncogenic in a subset of patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome. FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion has also been identified in eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia and lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma.

Such a broad-spectrum c-KIT inhibitor, and formulations thereof, would be of high therapeutic value in the treatment of refractory GIST patients and those suffering from other disorders. There is a need for oral formulations that provide significantly stable products to patients. Mutations, deletions, rearrangements, and amplification of the PDGFRα gene are linked to a number of solid and hematological cancers. Given the complex function of the PDGRFα gene and the potential utility for PDGFRα inhibitors in the treatment of various solid and hematological cancers, there is a need for oral formulations of inhibitors with good therapeutic properties.

SUMMARY

Provided herein, in part, are amorphous forms of compounds of Formula (I), solid dispersions and pharmaceutical compositions, comprising amorphous forms of compounds of Formula (I), suitable for oral administration comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I):

For example, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a solid spray-dried dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Contemplated compositions provided herein, e.g., that include an amorphous form of Formula I, such as in a solid dispersion as described herein, may provide, in certain embodiments, enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles when administered to a patient, as for example, compared to administration of a crystalline form of Formula I. Disclosed composition (e.g., tablets) have, in at least some embodiments, may provide fast release (e.g., in 30 minutes or less) of Formula I and/or fast dissolution.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (a) an intragranular blend comprising: (i) a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I), and a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer; (ii) one or more fillers; (iii) a disintegrant; (iv) a glidant; and (v) a lubricant; and (b) an extragranular blend comprising: (i) a glidant; and (ii) a lubricant.

In some embodiments, provided herein is an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form.

In some embodiments, provided herein is an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, provided herein is an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having no more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I).

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) which contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I) when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for at least 3 months.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a compound of Formula (I) wherein the compound is greater than about 95% amorphous. In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) wherein the compound is greater than about 95% amorphous by PXRD analysis.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a compound of Formula (I) in amorphous form substantially free of any other crystalline forms of compound of Formula (I).

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is compound of Formula (I) in amorphous form essentially free of crystalline material having a purity of at least about 95% aside from residual solvents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I) and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I) and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) which contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I) when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for about at least 3 months, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) wherein the compound is greater than about 95% amorphous, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of Formula (I) wherein the compound is greater than about 95% amorphous by PXRD analysis

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) substantially free of any other crystalline forms, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) substantially free of crystalline form having a purity of at least about 95% by HPLC aside from residual solvents, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% and a polymer together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is an amorphous form of a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, e.g., hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate, wherein the amorphous form is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction having broad peaks in degrees 2θ, e.g., in degrees 2θ at about 9.5 and about 17 to about 29. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) is characterized by the x-ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in FIG. 1.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts to any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I) and a polymer together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form for compound of Formula (I) and a polymer together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a solid dispersion comprising a amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) which contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I) when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for about 3 months or more, and a polymer together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) wherein the compound is greater than about 95% amorphous, and a polymer together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) substantially free of any other crystalline forms, and a polymer together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

Also provided herein, in an embodiment, is a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) substantially free of crystalline form having a purity of at least about 95% by HPLC aside from residual solvents, and a polymer together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

In one embodiment, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition for oral administration, the composition comprising: (i) a solid dispersion, wherein the solid dispersion comprises: the amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I):

and a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer; and (ii) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

In another embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (I)

and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein greater than about 96% by weight of the compound present in the pharmaceutically acceptable composition is in the amorphous form.

In another embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition for orally delivering to a patient 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

comprising: an intragranular blend, wherein the intragranular blend comprises: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; a bulking agent and/or filler; and a lubricant and/or a glidant; and an extragranular blend comprising a glidant and/or a lubricant.

In another embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition for orally delivering to a patient 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

comprising: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; a bulking agent, a filler, and a lubricant and/or a glidant.

In another embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable tablet having 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

comprising: an intragranular blend, wherein the intragranular blend comprises: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; about 25-35% by weight of a bulking agent based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; about 25-35% by weight of a filler based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; and an extragranular blend comprising a glidant and/or a lubricant.

In another embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable tablet having 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

wherein the tablet comprises: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; about 25-35% by weight microcrystalline cellulose based on the total weight of the tablet; and about 25-35% by weight of lactose or a hydrate thereof based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition.

In another embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition for orally delivering 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

comprising: an intragranular blend, wherein the intragranular blend comprises: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; about 25-35% by weight microcrystalline cellulose based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; about 25-35%% by weight of lactose or a hydrate thereof based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; about 5% by weight of crospovidone based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; about 0.5% by weight of silicon dioxide based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; and about 0.5% by weight of magnesium stearate based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; and an extragranular blend comprising about 0.5% by weight of silicon dioxide based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; and (ii) about 0.5% by weight of magnesium stearate based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition.

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for the preparation of the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I)

e.g., an amorphous form described herein, the process comprising: (a) mixing the compound of Formula (I), a solvent, the polymer and water to obtain a suspension; (b) optionally agitating and/or mixing the suspension while maintaining a temperature of about 10 to about 25° C.; (c) heating the suspension to dissolve the suspended particles prior to introduction into a spray-dryer; and (d) spray-drying the suspension to obtain a spray-dried dispersion; (e) drying the spray-dried dispersion; thereby obtaining the solid dispersion. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I)

is produced by said process.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung cancer, glioblastoma, a glioma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, and hypereosinophilic syndrome in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of KIT driven germ cell tumor (e.g., testicular germ cell), KIT driven skin cancer, or KIT driven renal cell carcinoma in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of penile cancer, PDGFRA driven penile cancer, prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven non-melanoma skin cancer, PDGFRA driven glioma, PDGFRA driven sarcoma, PDGFRA driven glioblastoma, or PDGFRA driven pancreatic cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease comprising a PDGFRB mutation selected from the group consisting of vaginal cancer, prostate cancer, penile cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, or breast sarcoma in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for treating diseases driven by KIT mutations or PDGFRA mutations in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for treating diseases driven by KIT mutations and PDGFRA mutations in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for treating diseases driven by KIT mutations or PDGFRA mutations, comprising passenger PDGFRB mutations in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), NF-1-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors, KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein. In some embodiments, the melanoma is cutaneous melanoma or noncutaneous melanaoma. In some embodiments, the melanoma is cutaneous melanoma. In some embodiments, the cutaneous melanoma is superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral-lentiginous melanoma, or amelanotic and desmoplastic melanoma. In some embodiments, the melanoma is noncutaneous (non-skin) melanoma. In some embodiments, the noncutaneous melanoma is ocular melanoma or mucosal melanoma. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by the kinase activity of c-KIT and/or PDGFRA, and/or oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is selected from the group consisting of KIT driven germ cell tumor (e.g., testicular germ cell), KIT driven skin cancer (e.g., KIT driven cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, KIT driven Merkel cell carcinoma, uveal melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer), or KIT driven renal cell carcinoma (e.g., renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma). In some embodiments, the disease is selected from the group consisting of penile cancer, PDGFRA driven penile cancer, prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven non-melanoma skin cancer, PDGFRA driven glioma, PDGFRA driven sarcoma, PDGFRA driven glioblastoma, or PDGFRA driven pancreatic cancer. In some embodiments, the disease comprising a PDGFRB mutation is selected from the group consisting of vaginal cancer, prostate cancer, penile cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, or breast sarcoma.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a use of a composition or tablets described herein for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES AND DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) of a solid dispersion comprising the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I).

FIG. 2 depicts a dissolution profile of exemplary tablets containing Compound 1 using the dissolution method of Example 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The features and other details of the disclosure will now be more particularly described. Certain terms employed in the specification, examples and appended claims are collected here. These definitions should be read in light of the remainder of the disclosure and as understood by a person of skill in the art. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Definitions

As used herein, the term “excipient” refers to a substance that may be beneficial to include in a composition with an active agent. The term “excipient” includes inert substances as well as functional excipients that may result in beneficial properties of the composition. Exemplary excipients include but are not limited to polymers, glidants, sugars, lubricants, salts, buffers, fats, fillers, disintegrating agents, binders, surfactants, high surface area substrates, flavorants, carriers, matrix materials, and so forth.

As used herein, the terms “Individual,” “patient,” or “subject” are used interchangeably and include any animal, including mammals, preferably mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine, cattle, sheep, horses, or primates, and most preferably humans. The compounds described herein can be administered to a mammal, such as a human, but can also be administered to other mammals such as an animal in need of veterinary treatment, e.g., domestic animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, sheep, pigs, horses, and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, and the like).

As used herein, the terms “Pharmaceutically acceptable” or “pharmacologically acceptable” includes molecular entities and compositions that do not produce an adverse, allergic or other untoward reaction when administered to an animal, or a human, as appropriate. For human administration, preparations should meet sterility, pyrogenicity, and general safety and purity standards as required by FDA Office of Biologics standards.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” as used herein refers to any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like, that are compatible with pharmaceutical administration. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. The compositions may also contain other active compounds providing supplemental, additional, or enhanced therapeutic functions.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” as used herein refers to a composition comprising at least one compound as disclosed herein formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

As used herein, the terms “Impurity A” and “Compound 2” each refer to the compound 3-(5-amino-2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-ethyl-7-(methylamino)-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, which is the compound of Formula (II) as described herein. In some embodiments, an anilinic substance may be Impurity A.

As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” means the amount of the subject compound that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system or animal, (e.g., mammal or human) that is being sought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician. The compounds described herein are administered in therapeutically effective amounts to treat a disorder.

As used herein, the term “treating” includes any effect, e.g., lessening, reducing, modulating, or eliminating, that results in the improvement of the condition, disease, disorder and the like.

As used herein, the term “active agent” means a drug, medicament, pharmaceutical, therapeutic agent, for example, a compound of Formula (I) as described herein.

As used herein, the term “oral formulation” as used herein, refers to a composition or medium used to administer a compound as disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)) to a subject in need thereof by oral administration. Typically, an oral formulation is administered via the mouth, however, “oral formulation” as used herein is intended to cover any substance which is administered to a subject and is absorbed across a membrane, e.g., a mucosal membrane, of the gastrointestinal tract, including, e.g., the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and colon. In some embodiments, the oral formulation is a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the oral formulation is a pharmaceutical composition administered to a subject in need thereof via the mouth.

As used herein, the term “plasticizer” includes all compounds capable of plasticizing the applied polymer. In general, plasticizers are additives that when added, either in solid or liquid state, are capable of softening plastic polymers thereby increasing the flexibility of the polymeric matrix during the melt extrusion process. Plasticizers generally reduce the glass transition temperature and melt point of polymers. Plasticizers also generally reduce the viscosity of a polymer melt thereby allowing for lower processing temperature during hot-melt extrusion. Examples of compounds that may function as plasticizers include, but are not limited to, glycerin; polyethylene glycols (PEG), e.g., PEG300, PEG400, PEG1500; phthalates, e.g., diethyl phthalate; polysorbates; sorbitol; citrate esters; triacetin; pluronics, e.g., Pluronic P407; Labrasol; and Vitamin E TPGS.

As used herein, the term “stable” herein means amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) that does not convert to any other solid form and contains less than 5% (wt/wt) total other forms (or e.g., less than 4% w/w, less than 3% w/w, less than 2% w/w) when stored at a temperature of up to about 40° C., and at a relative humidity of about 25% to about 75% for at least about three months.

As used herein, the term “solid dispersion” means any solid composition having at least two components. In certain embodiments, a solid dispersion as disclosed herein includes an active ingredient compound of Formula (I) dispersed among at least one other component, for example a polymer.

A “combination therapy” is a treatment that includes the administration of two or more therapeutic agents, e.g., a compound of Formula I and a MAPKAP pathway inhibitor, to a patient. The two or more therapeutic agents may be delivered at the same time, e.g., in separate pharmaceutical compositions or in the same pharmaceutical composition, or they may be delivered at different times. For example, they may be delivered concurrently or during overlapping time periods, and/or one therapeutic agent may be delivered before or after the other therapeutic agent(s). Treatment with a combination therapy optionally includes treatment with either single agent, preceded or followed by a period of concurrent treatment with both agents. However, it is contemplated that during some time period, effective amounts of the two or more therapeutic agents are present within the patient.

In general, a solid-state form, such as a crystal form or amorphous form, may be referred to herein as being characterized by graphical data “as depicted in” or “as substantially depicted in” a FIG. 1. Such data include, for example, powder X-ray diffractograms and solid-state NMR spectra. As is well-known in the art, the graphical data potentially provides additional technical information to further define the respective solid-state form (a so-called “fingerprint”) which cannot necessarily be described by reference to numerical values or peak positions alone. In any event, the skilled person will understand that such graphical representations of data may be subject to small variations, e.g., in peak relative intensities and peak positions due to certain factors such as, but not limited to, variations in instrument response and variations in sample concentration and purity, which are well known to the skilled person. A crystal is composed of atoms periodically arranged in a 3D space while in amorphous materials atoms are randomly distributed in the 3D space. As a result, the X-ray diffractogram of a crystalline material will display narrow peaks of high intensity due the fact that the x-rays are scattered in only certain directions (due to the periodic arrangement of the atoms). In contrast, the X-ray diffractogram of an amorphous material generally displays broad peaks (halo pattern) of low intensity because the x-rays are scattered in many different directions leading to large bumps distributed over a wide range (2 Theta).

All ranges recited herein include the endpoints, including those that recite a range “between” two values. Term “substantially” and “about” is to be construed as modifying a term or value such that it is not an absolute. This includes, at very least, the degree of expected experimental error, technique error and instrument error for a given technique used to measure a value.

The invention relates to amorphous solid dispersions of amorphous forms of a compound of Formula (I) optionally in a polymer matrix and amorphous forms of compounds of Formula (I). The amorphous nature and the amounts of crystalline drug of the solid dispersion maybe determined by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), or any other standard quantitative measurement. For example, the material is x-ray amorphous where there are no sharp peaks observed in its PXRD pattern, rather what are described as halo like patterns. Sharp peaks in the pattern indicate the presence of crystalline material. The amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) may be characterized by the x-ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in FIG. 1.

The amorphous drug can exist within the solid amorphous dispersion as a pure phase, as a solid solution of drug homogeneously distributed throughout the polymer or any combination of these states or those states that lie intermediate between them. The dispersion is preferably substantially homogeneous so that the amorphous drug is dispersed as homogeneously as possible throughout the polymer. As used herein, “substantially homogeneous” means that the fraction of drug that is present in relatively pure amorphous domains within the solid dispersion is relatively small.

Process

Also provided herein, is a process for the preparation of a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) as described herein, the process comprising:

• • (a) weighing and dispensing the compound of Formula (I), a solvent, polymer and water;
  • (b) charging and suspending the compound of Formula (I);
  • (c) optionally agitating and mixing the final suspension while maintaining a temperature of about 10-25° C.;
  • (d) passing the resulting suspension through an in-line heat exchanger to dissolve the suspended particles prior to introduction into the spray dryer; and
  • (e) optionally drying the spray dried compound of Formula (I).

For example, in an embodiment provided herein is a process for the preparation of the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I)

the process comprising: mixing the compound of Formula (I), a solvent, a polymer such as hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, and water, to obtain a suspension; optionally agitating and/or mixing the suspension while maintaining a temperature of about 10 to about 25° C.; heating the suspension to dissolve the suspended particles prior to introduction into a spray-dryer; spray-drying the suspension to obtain a spray-dried dispersion; drying the spray-dried dispersion; thereby obtaining the solid dispersion. In certain embodiments, heating comprises passing the suspension through an in-line heat exchanger.

In another embodiment, described herein is a process for the preparation of the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I)

the process comprising: (a) mixing the compound of Formula (I), a solvent, the polymer and water to obtain a suspension; (b) optionally agitating and/or mixing the suspension while maintaining a temperature of about 10° C. to about 25° C.; (c) heating the suspension to dissolve the suspended particles prior to introduction into a spray-dryer; and (d) spray-drying the suspension to obtain a spray-dried dispersion; (e) drying the spray-dried dispersion; thereby obtaining the solid dispersion. In some embodiments, heating comprises passing the suspension through an in-line heat exchanger. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (D

is produced said process.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), solvent, polymer and water are combined, and the mixture is agitated and mixed to a suspension. In some embodiments, the solvent, water and polymer are combined and agitated prior to the addition of the compound of Formula (I). In some embodiments, the solvent and water are combined and agitated prior to the addition of the polymer and the compound of Formula (I). In some embodiments, the solvent and water are combined and agitated followed by addition of the polymer, followed by addition of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 95:5, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer. In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 90:10, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer. In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 85:15, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer. In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 80:20, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer. In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 75:25, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer. In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 70:30, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer. In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 65:35, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer. In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 60:40, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer. In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 55:45, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer. In some embodiments, the solvent:water ratio may be about 50:50, followed by the addition and dissolution of the polymer.

In some embodiments, the solvent is an organic compound in which the active agent and polymer are mutually soluble. In some embodiments, the solvent is an alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, halogenated alkane, amide, sulfone, acid, or a nitro compound. In some embodiments, the solvent is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, or butanol. In some embodiments, the solvent is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), or methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). In some embodiments, the solvent is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, or propylacetate. In some embodiments, the solvent is diethylether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyl THF, 2,5-dimethyl THF, or 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl THF. In some embodiments, the solvent is acetonitrile, methylene chloride, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dimethyl acetamide (DMA), nitromethane, acetic acid, or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Mixtures of solvent and water are suitable as long as the polymer and the Compound of Formula (I) are sufficiently soluble to make the spray-drying process practicable. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:acetone. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:THF. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:methanol. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:ethanol. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:methyl ethyl ketone. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:ethyl acetate. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:methylene chloride. In some embodiments, mixtures of solvents are suitable as long as the polymer and the Compound of Formula (I) are sufficiently soluble to make the spray-drying process practicable. In some embodiments, the solvent:solvent mixture is is methanol:ethylacetate. In some embodiments, the solvent:solvent mixture ethanol:ethylacetate. In some embodiments, the solvent:solvent mixture is methanol:dichloromethane. In some embodiments, the solvent:solvent mixture ethanol:dichloromethane.

In some embodiments, the solvent is an organic compound in which the active agent is suspended. In some embodiments, Compound of Formula (I) is suspended in a mixture of purified water and THF prior to the addition of the polymer. In some embodiments, Compound 1 is suspended in a mixture of purified water and THF prior to the addition of HPMCAS-HG.

In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 0-25° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 5-25° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 10-25° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 15-25° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 15-24° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 15-23° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 15-22° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 15-21° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 15-20° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 17-25° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 17-24° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 17-23° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 17-22° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 17-21° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 17-20° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 18-25° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 18-24° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 18-23° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 18-22° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 18-21° C. In some embodiments, the temperature range for the agitating and mixing of the final suspension is about 18-20° C.

In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate through the inline heat exchanger operating range may be at about 5-100 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate through the inline heat exchanger operating range may be at about 5-30 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate through the inline heat exchanger operating range may be at about 5-25 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate through the inline heat exchanger operating range may be at about 5-20 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate through the inline heat exchanger operating range may be at about 5-15 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate through the inline heat exchanger operating range may be at about 5-10 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate through the inline heat exchanger operating range may be at about 30-50 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate is about 35-45 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate is about 35-40 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate is about 40-45 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate is about 42-48 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate is about 45-50 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate through the inline heat exchanger operating range may be at about 50-100 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate is about 50-90 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate is about 50-80 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate is about 50-70 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the suspension flow rate is about 50-60 kg/hr.

In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 110-130° C., preferably about 115-125° C., most preferably about 116° C., about 117° C., about 118° C., about 119° C., about 120° C., about 121° C., about 122° C., about 123° C., about 124° C., about 125° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 15-25° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 20-25° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 10-100° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 20-90° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 20-80° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 20-70° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 20-60° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 20-50° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 20-40° C. In some embodiments, the solution temperature near or at the nozzle of the spray dryer may be at about 20-30° C.

In some embodiments, the spray drying nozzle sheath gas pressure may be at about 50-100 psig. In some embodiments, the spry dryer bulk drying gas flow rate may be about 400-500 kg/hr. In some embodiments, the spray dryer chamber outlet temperature may be about 45-75° C. In some embodiments, the spray dryer condenser temperature may be about −5 to about −20° C.

After completion of the spray drying, the spray dried intermediate undergoes an optional secondary spray drying in an agitated vacuum dryer. In some embodiments, the drying temperature may be at about 30-60° C., preferably about 35-55° C., most preferably about 40-50° C. In some embodiments, the drying duration time may not be less than about 3 hours, preferably not less than about 6 hours, not less than about 7 hours, not less than about 8 hours, not less than about 9 hours. In some embodiments, the chamber pressure may be about 30-60 mbar, preferably about 35-55 mbar, most preferably about 40-50 mbar.

In some embodiments, the polymer may be ionic. In some embodiments, the polymer may be non-ionic. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneoxide, polyethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, graft copolymers comprised of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl caprolactam and polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polycaprolactam, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-glycolic)acid, lipids, cellulose, pullulan, dextran, maltodextrin, hyaluronic acid, polysialic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, pentosan polysulfate, spirulan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose propionate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, methyl cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate terephthalate, cellulose acetate isophthalate, carboxymethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose acetate succinate, dextran, dextran acetate, dextran propionate, dextran succinate, dextran acetate propionate, dextran acetate succinate, dextran propionate succinate, dextran acetate propionate succinate, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:1, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:2, poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate) 1:1, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and hydroxy propyl cellulose, poly methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate, poly methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate, poly methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate, poly trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride-methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate and poly(butylmethacrylate-co-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate), and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneoxide, polyethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, graft copolymers comprised of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl caprolactam and polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polycaprolactam, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-glycolic)acid, lipids, cellulose, pullulan, dextran, maltodextrin, hyaluronic acid, polysialic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, pentosan polysulfate, spirulan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose propionate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, methyl cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate terephthalate, cellulose acetate isophthalate, carboxymethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose acetate succinate, dextran, dextran acetate, dextran propionate, dextran succinate, dextran acetate propionate, dextran acetate succinate, dextran propionate succinate, dextran acetate propionate succinate, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:1, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:2, poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate) 1:1, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, polyvinyl alcohols that have at least a portion of their repeat units in hydrolyzed form, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poloxamers, or blends thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate.

Characterization of Crystalline and Amorphous Forms

In one general aspect, compound of Formula (I) free base may be used as the starting material or may be prepared by methods as further described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,940,756 and 8,461,179, which are herein incorporated by reference.

In one general aspect, there is provided an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I).

In another general aspect, there is provided an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC greater than about 95% and residual solvents less than about 0.5%.

In general, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) is substantially free from residual solvents. The term “substantially free” means residual solvents within the permissible ICH limits suitable for pharmaceutical preparations. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 1% of residual solvents. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 0.9% of residual solvents. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 0.8% of residual solvents. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 0.7% of residual solvents. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 0.6% of residual solvents. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 0.5% of residual solvents. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 0.4% of residual solvents. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 0.3% of residual solvents. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 0.2% of residual solvents. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains less than 0.1% of residual solvents.

In another general aspect, provided herein is an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having purity by HPLC of greater than about 95%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 96%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 97%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 98%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 99%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 99.5%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 99.8%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 99.9%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 90%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 92%. In some embodiments, the purity by HPLC is greater than about 94%.

In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I) in amorphous form are substantially free of any other crystalline forms. In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) in amorphous form contains less than about 5% of other crystalline forms. In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains no more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or no detectable amount of any crystalline form. The amorphous form provided herein essentially does not convert to any crystalline forms of compound of Formula (I) in various conditions, i.e., contains not more than (“NMT”) about 10% (w/w), about 5% (w/w), about 4% (w/w), about 3% (w/w), about 2% (w/w), about 1% (w/w), about 0.5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I).

As used herein, “substantially free of any other forms” means that the solid-state amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) form contains about 20% or less, about 10% or less, about 5% or less, about 2% or less, or about 1% or less, of any other forms of the subject compound as measured, for example, by PXRD, or less than about 20%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2% or less than about 1%, of any other forms of the subject compound as measured, for example, by PXRD. Thus, a solid state of amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) described herein as substantially free of any other solid state forms would be understood to contain greater than 80% (w/w), greater than 90% (w/w), greater than 95% (w/w), greater than 98% (w/w), or greater than 99% (w/w) of the subject solid state amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I). Accordingly, in some embodiments, the described solid-state forms of amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) may contain from 1% to 20% (w/w), from 5% to 20% (w/w), or from 5% to 10% (w/w) of one or more other solid-state forms of Compound of Formula (I).

As used herein, “no detectable amounts of any crystalline form(s)” means that the solid-state amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) form contains an amount of crystalline form that is at or below than the amounts detectable by an instrument of detection and/or measure, for example by PXRD. This amount may include, preferably less than about 4% w/w, less than about 3% w/w, less than about 2% w/w or less than about 1% w/w of any other forms of the subject compound as measured, for example, by PXRD. This amount may preferably be less than 4% w/w, less than 3% w/w, less than 2% w/w or less than 1% w/w.

The content of solid-state forms is typically measured by any suitable method appreciated by a skilled person in the art, for example PXRD, solid-state NMR, IR, Raman, or DSC.

An exemplary analytical method is as follows: Powder X-ray Diffraction can be performed using a Rigaku D/MAX 2200 VPC diffraction meter or PANALYTICAL ExpertPro DY2408 or other suitable machines in practice, the powder X-ray diffraction pattern was measured at room temperature using a Cu Kα filled tube (40 kV, 40 mA) as the X-ray source with a wide-angle goniometer, a 1° scattering slit, an 1° diverging slit, a graphite secondary monochromator and a scintillation counter. Data collection was done in 2theta. continuous scan mode at a scan speed of 3°/minute in scan steps of 0.02° in the range of 2° to 40°.

In one aspect, provided herein is an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), which contains not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form, or no detectable amount of any crystalline form when stored at a temperature of up to about 40° C. and at a relative humidity of about 25% to about 75% for about at least three months. The present invention comprises an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) in a stable form. In some embodiments, the amorphous form essentially does not convert to any crystalline forms of compound of Formula (I) in various conditions, i.e., contains not more than (“NMT”) 10% (w/w), 5% (w/w), 4% (w/w), 3% (w/w), 2% (w/w), 1% (w/w), 0.5% (w/w) of any crystalline form. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 10% (w/w) of any crystalline form, and preferably no detectable amount of any crystalline form, when stored at 25° C. and at the following conditions: 0% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days, or 20% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days, or 40% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days, or 60% relative humidity for 3 days, or preferably for 7 days, or 80% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days, or 100% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) described herein does not convert to crystalline compound of Formula (I) under conditions of 0-100%, relative humidity at 25° C.-40° C. for at least 0-360 days. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 10% (w/w), and preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form when stored at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity (RH) for 3 days preferably for 7 days. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 10% (w/w), and preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form, when stored at 25° C. and 80% relative humidity (RH) for 3 days, preferably for 7 days. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 5%, preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form, when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at 25° C. for 7 days. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 5%, preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form, when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at 25° C. for 30 days. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 5%, preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form, when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at 25° C. for 60 days. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 3 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 4 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 5 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 6 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 7 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 8 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 9 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 10 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 11 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 12 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 13 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 14 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 15 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 16 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 17 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 18 months. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 2 years. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 10%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 20%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 30%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 40%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 50%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 60%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 70%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 80%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 90%. In some embodiments, the temperature is 25° C. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 90%. In some embodiments, the temperature is 30° C. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 90%. In some embodiments, the temperature is 35° C. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 90%. In some embodiments, the temperature is 40° C.

In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) in highly pure and stable form. The highly pure and amorphous form typically has HPLC purity of at least 95% (w/w), preferably at least 96% (w/w), preferably at least 97% (w/w), preferably at least 98% (w/w), preferably at least 99% (w/w), and it does not convert to crystalline form as described herein above. Hence, as disclosed herein, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) can be in a high chemical purity, as well as a high polymorphic purity. The highly pure and amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 10% (w/w), not more than 5% (w/w), not more than 4% (w/w), not more than 3% (w/w), not more than 2% (w/w), no more than 1% (w/w) of any crystalline form when stored at the conditions as exemplified in Table 2 (a)-(c), which includes the amorphous form of a compounds of Formula (I) prepared according to Example 1, herein below. In particular, the amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) is surprising highly stable, showing no polymorphic conversion to crystalline forms under rigorous conditions of high relative humidity and high temperature.

In one aspect, provided herein is a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), which contains not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form, or no detectable amount of any crystalline form when stored at a temperature of up to about 40° C. and at a relative humidity of about 25% to about 75% for about at least three months. The present invention comprises a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) in a stable form. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form essentially does not convert to any crystalline forms of compound of Formula (I) in various conditions, i.e., contains not more than (“NMT”) 10% (w/w), 5% (w/w), 4% (w/w), 3% (w/w), 2% (w/w), 1% (w/w), 0.5% (w/w) of any crystalline form. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 10% (w/w) of any crystalline form, and preferably no detectable amount of any crystalline form, when stored at 25° C. and at the following conditions: 0% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days, or 20% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days, or 40% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days, or 60% relative humidity for 3 days, or preferably for 7 days, or 80% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days, or 100% relative humidity for 3 days, preferably for 7 days. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) described herein does not convert to crystalline compound of Formula (I) under conditions of 0-100%, relative humidity at 25° C.-40° C. for at least 0-360 days. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 10% (w/w), and preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form when stored at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity (RH) for 3 days preferably for 7 days. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 10% (w/w), and preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form, when stored at 25° C. and 80% relative humidity (RH) for 3 days, preferably for 7 days. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 5%, preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form, when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at 25° C. for 7 days. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 5%, preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form, when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at 25° C. for 30 days. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 5%, preferably no detectable amount, of any crystalline form, when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at 25° C. for 60 days. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 3 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 4 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 5 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 6 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 7 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 8 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 9 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 10 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 11 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 12 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-75% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 13 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 14 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 15 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 16 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 17 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising an compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 18 months. In some embodiments, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form or any detectable amount of any crystalline form of compound of Formula (I), when exposed to 0-100% relative humidity at between 25-40° C. for 2 years. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 10%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 20%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 30%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 40%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 50%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 60%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 70%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 80%. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 90%. In some embodiments, the temperature is 25° C. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 90%. In some embodiments, the temperature is 30° C. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 90%. In some embodiments, the temperature is 35° C. In some embodiments, the relative humidity is about 90%. In some embodiments, the temperature is 40° C.

In some embodiments, a solid dispersion described herein comprises less than about 0.05% (w/w) (e.g. about 0.01% to about 1% w/w, or about 0.01% to about 0.08% w/w) of 3-(5-amino-2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-ethyl-7-(methylamino)-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, aniline, or combinations thereof, detected by HPLC.

In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) in highly pure and stable form. The highly pure and amorphous form typically has HPLC purity of at least 95% (w/w), preferably at least 96% (w/w), preferably at least 97% (w/w), preferably at least 98% (w/w), preferably at least 99% (w/w), and it does not convert to crystalline form as described herein above. Hence, as disclosed herein, a solid dispersion comprising a compound of Formula (I) can be in a high chemical purity, as well as a high polymorphic purity. The highly pure and amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) contains not more than 10% (w/w), not more than 5% (w/w), not more than 4% (w/w), not more than 3% (w/w), not more than 2% (w/w), no more than 1% (w/w) of any crystalline form when stored at the conditions as exemplified in Table 2 (a)-(c), which includes a solid dispersion comprising a compounds of Formula (I) prepared according to Example 1, herein below. In particular, a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) is surprisingly highly stable, showing no polymorphic conversion to crystalline forms under rigorous conditions of high relative humidity and high temperature.

In an aspect, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) is characterized by x-ray diffraction substantially as depicted in FIG. 1. Described herein is an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I). the amorphous form may be characterized by an amorphous “halo” PXRD pattern; an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted by FIG. 1, and combinations of this data. The amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) can be prepared by the process of dissolving the compound of Formula (I), spray drying the solution of the compound; and drying the spray dried compound.

In an aspect, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has unexpected enhanced solubility (Table 3). In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 10 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 20 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 30 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 40 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 50 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 60 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 70 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 80 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 90 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 100 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 110 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility about 120 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility of about 1 order of magnitude greater than that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has an enhanced solubility of about 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of the crystalline compound.

In an aspect, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has unexpected enhanced pharmacokinetic profile (Table 4). In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a maximum concentration (Cmax) about 5 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a maximum concentration (Cmax) about 7 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a maximum concentration (Cmax) about 10 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a maximum concentration (Cmax) about 12 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a maximum concentration (Cmax) about 15 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a maximum concentration (Cmax) about 20 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a total drug exposure (AUC(0-∞)) about 5 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a total drug exposure (AUC(0-∞)) about 7 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a total drug exposure (AUC(0-∞)) about 10 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a total drug exposure (AUC(0-∞)) about 12 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a total drug exposure (AUC(0-∞)) about 15 times as great as that of the crystalline compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) has a total drug exposure (AUC(0-∞)) about 20 times as great as that of the crystalline compound.

Spray-Dried Dispersions

Dispersions of the active agent and pharmaceutically acceptable polymer as described herein are made by a spray-drying process. As used herein, the term “spray-dried dispersion” or “spray-dried powdered dispersion” means a product of a spray-drying process wherein the product comprises a dispersion of at least one active agent and at least one excipient, such as a polymer. In some embodiments, the polymer is a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneoxide, polyethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, graft copolymers comprised of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl caprolactam and polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polycaprolactam, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-glycolic)acid, lipids, cellulose, pullulan, dextran, maltodextrin, hyaluronic acid, polysialic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, pentosan polysulfate, spirulan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose propionate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, methyl cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate terephthalate, cellulose acetate isophthalate, carboxymethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose acetate succinate, dextran, dextran acetate, dextran propionate, dextran succinate, dextran acetate propionate, dextran acetate succinate, dextran propionate succinate, dextran acetate propionate succinate, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:1, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:2, poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate) 1:1, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and hydroxy propyl cellulose, poly methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate, poly methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate, poly methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate, poly trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride-methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate and poly(butylmethacrylate-co-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate), and mixtures thereof.

In the spray-drying process, the active agent and one or more polymers are dissolved in a common solvent. “Common” here means that the solvent, which can be a mixture of compounds, will dissolve both the active agent and the polymer(s). After both active agent and polymer have been dissolved, the solvent is rapidly removed by evaporation in the spray-drying apparatus, resulting in the formation of a substantially homogeneous solid dispersion. In such dispersions, the active agent is dispersed as homogeneously as possible throughout the polymer and can be thought of as a solid solution of active agent dispersed in the polymer(s).

The solvent is removed by the spray-drying process. The term “spray-drying” is used conventionally and broadly refers to processes involving breaking up liquid mixtures into small droplets (atomization) and rapidly removing solvent from the mixture in a spray-drying apparatus where there is a strong driving force for evaporation of solvent from the droplets. Spray-drying processes and spray-drying equipment are described generally in Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, pages 20-54 to 20-57 (Sixth Edition 1984). More details on spray-drying processes and equipment are reviewed by Marshall, “Atomization and Spray-Drying,” 50 Chem. Eng. Prog. Monogr. Series 2 (1954), and Masters, Spray Drying Handbook (Fourth Edition 1985). Further, additional process and spray-drying techniques and equipment are described generally in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,343,550 and 7,780,988, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. The strong driving force for solvent evaporation is generally provided by maintaining the partial pressure of solvent in the spray-drying apparatus well below the vapor pressure of the solvent at the temperature of the drying droplets. This is accomplished by (1) maintaining the pressure in the spray-drying apparatus at a partial vacuum (e.g., 0.01 to 0.50 atm); or (2) mixing the liquid droplets with a warm drying gas; or (3) both (1) and (2). In addition, a portion of the heat required for evaporation of solvent may be provided by heating the spray solution.

The drying gas may be virtually any gas, but to minimize the risk of fire or explosions due to ignition of flammable vapors, and to minimize undesirable oxidation of the drug, concentration-enhancing polymer, or other materials in the dispersion, an inert gas such as nitrogen, nitrogen-enriched air, or argon is utilized. The temperature of the drying gas at the gas inlet of apparatus is typically from about 60° C. to about 300° C. The temperature of the product particles, drying gas, and evaporated solvent at the outlet or distal end of collection cone typically ranges from about 0° C. to about 100° C.

Solvents suitable for spray-drying process can be any organic compound in which the active agent and polymer are mutually soluble. The solvent should have relatively low toxicity and be removed from the dispersion to a level that is acceptable according to The International Committee on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Removal of solvent to this level may require a subsequent processing step such as tray-drying or secondary drying. In some embodiments, the solvent is an alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, halogenated alkane, amide, sulfone, acid, or a nitro compound. In some embodiments, the solvent is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, or butanol. In some embodiments, the solvent is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), or methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). In some embodiments, the solvent is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, or propylacetate. In some embodiments, the solvent is diethylether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyl THF, 2,5-dimethyl THF, or 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl THF. In some embodiments, the solvent is acetonitrile, methylene chloride, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dimethyl acetamide (DMA), nitromethane, acetic acid, or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Mixtures of solvent and water are suitable as long as the polymer and the Compound of Formula (I) are sufficiently soluble to make the spray-drying process practicable. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:acetone. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:THF. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:methanol. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:ethanol. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:methyl ethyl ketone. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:ethyl acetate. In some embodiments, the water:solvent mixture is water:methylene chloride. In some embodiments, mixtures of solvents are suitable as long as the polymer and the Compound of Formula (I) are sufficiently soluble to make the spray-drying process practicable. In some embodiments, the solvent:solvent mixture is methanol:ethylacetate. In some embodiments, the solvent:solvent mixture ethanol:ethylacetate. In some embodiments, the solvent:solvent mixture is methanol:dichloromethane. In some embodiments, the solvent:solvent mixture ethanol:dichloromethane.

The composition of the solvent-bearing feed will depend on the desired ratio of drug-to-polymer in the dispersion and the solubility of the drug and polymer in the solvent. Generally, it is desirable to use as high a combined drug and polymer concentration in the solvent-bearing feed as possible, provided the drug and polymer are dissolved in the solvent at the temperature range of the process, to reduce the total amount of solvent that must be removed to form the solid amorphous dispersion. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 0.01 wt % to at least about 20 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 0.01 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 0.1 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 0.5 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 1.0 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 2.0 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 3.0 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 4.0 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 5.0 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 6.0 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 7.0 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 8.0 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 9.0 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent-bearing feed has a combined drug and polymer concentration of at least about 10.0 wt %.

The average residence time of particles in the drying chamber should be at least 10 seconds, preferably at least 20 seconds. Typically, following solidification, the powder formed stays in the spray-drying chamber for about 5 to 60 seconds, causing further evaporation of solvent. The final solvent content of the solid dispersion as it exits the dryer should be low, since this reduces the mobility of drug molecules in the dispersion, thereby improving its stability. Generally, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber should be less than about 10 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 9 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 8 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 7 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 6 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 5 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 4 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 3 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 2 wt %. In some embodiments, the solvent content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 1 wt %. In some embodiments, the acetone content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 0.5 wt %. In some embodiments, the acetone content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 0.3 wt %. In some embodiments, the acetone content of the dispersion as it leaves the spray-drying chamber is less than about 0.1 wt %. A subsequent processing step, such as tray-drying, may be used to remove the solvent to this level.

Hot Melt Dispersions

Dispersions of the active agent and pharmaceutically acceptable polymer as described herein may be made by hot melt extrusion. Provided herein, in an embodiment, is a process for the preparation of a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous or substantially amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), the process comprising: (a) weighing and dispensing the compound of Formula (I), one or more polymers and optionally one or more additional additives such as plasticizers; (b) mixing the compound of Formula (I), said polymers and said additional additives in a mixer; (c) feeding the mixed material into a hot melt extruder at a controlled rate and at a controlled temperature; (d) cooling the extruded material; (e) recovering the cooled, hot melt extruded material; (f) grinding or milling the extruded material into a form suitable for blending with additional pharmaceutical excipients. In some embodiments, the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) is prepared in a heated screw hot melt extruder at a controlled rate and at controlled temperature. In some embodiments, the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) is prepared at a controlled temperature between 130° and 180° C. In some embodiments, the one or more polymers of the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) is a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate. In some embodiments, the one or more polymers of the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) is a vinylpyrrolidinone-vinylacetate copolymer (e.g., Kollidon® VA64 or the like). In some embodiments, the solid dispersion of the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the compound of Formula (I) based on the total weight of the hot melt extrudate. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion of the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises from about 10% to about 40% by weight of the compound of Formula (I) based on the total weight of the hot melt extrudate. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion of the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises from about 10% to about 30% by weight of the compound of Formula (I) based on the total weight of the hot melt extrudate. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion of the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises from about 20% to about 30% by weight of the compound of Formula (I) based on the total weight of the hot melt extrudate.

In some embodiments, the one or more additional additives is a plasticizer. In some embodiments, an additive in the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises PEG400. In some embodiments, an additive in the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises PEG1500. In some embodiments, an additive in the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises Vitamin E TPGS. In some embodiments, an additive in the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises Labrasol. In some embodiments, an additive in the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises Pluronic P407. In some embodiments, the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the compound of Formula (I) based on the total weight of the hot melt extrudate comprised of polymer and plasticizer. In some embodiments, the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises from about 10% to about 30% by weight of the compound of Formula (I) based on the total weight of the hot melt extrudate comprised of polymer and plasticizer. In some embodiments, the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprises from about 20% to about 30% by weight of the compound of Formula (I) based on the total weight of the hot melt extrudate comprised of polymer and plasticizer.

In some embodiments, the hot melt extrudate of the compound of Formula (I) comprising about 25% of the compound of Formula (I), about 20% of PEG1500, and about 55% of VA64 may be extruded at about 160° C.

In some embodiments, the dispersion is prepared by mixing all of the individual components in an appropriate mixer, such as a blender, a shaker, a V-blender, or a mill, feeding the mixed material into a hot melt extruder at a controlled rate and at controlled temperature, cooling the extruded material in air, or by a stream of gas, or in a pool of liquid, or on a surface or a moving belt, and recovering the cooled, hot melt extruded material. In some embodiments, the hot melt extruded material is used as is. In some embodiments, the hot melt extruded material is adapted into a formulation for the controlled delivery of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the dispersion is prepared by mixing one or more of the individual components in an appropriate mixer, such as a blender, a shaker, a V-blender, or a mill, adding one or more of the individual components into a hot melt extruder during the extrusion process at a controlled rate and at controlled temperature, cooling the extruded material in air, or by a stream of gas, or in a pool of liquid, or on a surface or a moving belt, recovering the cooled, hot melt extruded material. In some embodiments, the hot melt extruded material may be used as is. In some embodiments, the hot melt extruded material may be adapted into a formulation for the controlled delivery of the compound of Formula (I).

Pharmaceutical Compositions and Formulations

In one aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents. In one aspect, provided herein is a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents and a polymer. In one aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form, or no detectable amount of any crystalline form and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents.

Such compositions or pharmaceutical compositions, for example, can be in a form such as a tablet, capsule, pill, powder, liquids, suspensions, emulsions, granules, sustained release formulations, solution, and suspension. The pharmaceutical composition may be in an oral formulation suitable for single administration of precise dosages.

The amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) may be formed into a finished dosage form. The finished dosage form comprises one of more of a liquid, solid or semi-solid dosage forms depending on the route of administration.

The excipients employed in the pharmaceutical compositions can impart good powder flow and compression characteristics to the material being compressed. Desirable characteristics of excipients can include high-compressibilities as to allow for strong tablets to be made at low compression forces; good powder flow properties that can improve the powder flow of other excipients in the composition; and cohesiveness, for example to prevent a tablet from crumbling during processing, shipping, and handling. Such properties are imparted to these excipients through pretreatment steps, such as dry granulation (e.g., by roller compaction, slugging), wet granulation, spray drying spheronization (e.g., spray dried dispersion, solid nanodispersions) or crystallization (e.g., salt forms) of a pharmaceutical composition. They may be classified according to the role that they play in the final tablet. Other excipients which give physical characteristics to a finished tablet are coloring and flavoring agents (e.g., in the case of chewable tablets). Examples of excipients are described, for example, in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (5th edition), edited by Raymond C. Rowe, Paul J. Sheskey, and Sian C. Owen; Publisher: Pharmaceutical Press.

As described herein, pharmaceutical compositions can also comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer. The pharmaceutically acceptable polymers may be ionic or non-ionic. Exemplary pharmaceutically acceptable polymers include polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneoxide, polyethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, graft copolymers comprised of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl caprolactam and polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polycaprolactam, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-glycolic)acid, lipids, cellulose, pullulan, dextran, maltodextrin, hyaluronic acid, polysialic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, pentosan polysulfate, spirulan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose propionate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, methyl cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate terephthalate, cellulose acetate isophthalate, carboxymethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose acetate succinate, dextran, dextran acetate, dextran propionate, dextran succinate, dextran acetate propionate, dextran acetate succinate, dextran propionate succinate, dextran acetate propionate succinate, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:1, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:2, poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate) 1:1, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and hydroxy propyl cellulose, poly methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate, poly methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate, poly methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate, poly trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride-methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate and poly(butylmethacrylate-co-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate), or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer is selected from the group consisting of: polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneoxide, polyethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, graft copolymers comprised of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl caprolactam and polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polycaprolactam, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-glycolic)acid, lipids, cellulose, pullulan, dextran, maltodextrin, hyaluronic acid, polysialic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, pentosan polysulfate, spirulan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose propionate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, methyl cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate terephthalate, cellulose acetate isophthalate, carboxymethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose acetate succinate, dextran, dextran acetate, dextran propionate, dextran succinate, dextran acetate propionate, dextran acetate succinate, dextran propionate succinate, dextran acetate propionate succinate, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:1, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:2, poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate) 1:1, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate.

The pharmaceutical composition provided herein can contain one or more fillers, which are added, for example, to increase the bulk weight of the blend resulting in a practical size for compression. Fillers that may be used include one or more of calcium salts such as calcium phosphate dibasic and sugars such as lactose, sucrose, dextrose, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, and maltodextrin. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable fillers and pharmaceutically acceptable diluents include, but are not limited to, confectioner's sugar, compressible sugar, dextrates, dextrin, dextrose, lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, sorbitol, sucrose and talc. In some embodiments, the filler is microcrystalline cellulose, which can be manufactured by the controlled hydrolysis of alpha-cellulose. Suitable microcrystalline cellulose will have an average particle size of from about 20 nm to about 200 nm. Suitable microcrystalline cellulose includes Avicel PH 101, Avicel PH 102, Avicel PH 103, Avicel PH 105 and Avicel PH 200, e.g., manufactured by FMC Corporation. In some embodiments, the filler is lactose.

The pharmaceutical composition can also include a lubricant. The term “lubricant” as used herein is typically added to prevent the tableting materials from sticking to punches, minimize friction during tablet compression, and to allow for removal of the compressed tablet from the die. Examples of lubricants include, but are not limited to, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, talc, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, glycerylbehaptate, polyethylene glycol, ethylene oxide polymers (e.g., Carowax), sodium lauryl sulfate, magnesium stearate, aluminum stearate, calcium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, magnesium lauryl stearate, and mixtures of magnesium stearate with sodium lauryl sulfate. Exemplary lubricants include calcium stearate, magnesium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate. In some embodiments, the lubricant is magnesium stearate.

The pharmaceutical composition provided herein can also contain a glidant. The term “glidant” as used herein is a substance added to a powder that can improve its flowability, such as by reducing inter-particle friction. Exemplary glidants include but are not limited to colloidal silicas, colloidal silicon dioxide, fumed silica, CAB-O-SIL® M-5P, AEROSIL®, talc, Syloid®, starch, and magnesium aluminum silicates. In some embodiments, the glidant is silicon dioxide. It should be noted that excipients may serve multiple functions. In some embodiments, the lubricant, for example magnesium stearate, may also function as a glidant.

A disintegrant may be present in an amount necessary to expedite dissolution (e.g., increase the rate of tablet disintegration). The term “disintegrant” as used herein refers to an excipient which can oppose the physical forces of particle bonding in a tablet or capsule when the oral formulation is placed in an aqueous environment. Disintegrants include starch derivatives and salts of carboxymethylcellulose. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable disintegrants include, but are not limited to, starches, e.g., sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinized starch; clays; celluloses; alginates; gums; cross-linked polymers, e.g., cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone (e.g., Polyplasdone™, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone, crospovidone), cross-linked calcium carboxymethylcellulose and cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose (sodium croscarmellose); and soy polysaccharides. In some embodiments, the disintegrant is crospovidone (e.g, PVP-XL).

Also provided herein, is a solid dispersion comprising a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% and a polymer together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents. In some embodiments, there is provided an amorphous solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% and a polymer and one or more pharmaceutical carriers, excipients, or diluents. In some embodiments, there is provided a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) and a polymer, wherein the solid dispersion is essentially free of crystalline forms of compound of Formula (I). In some embodiments, there is provided a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form, or no detectable amount of any crystalline form and a polymer and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

In some embodiments, described herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95%. In some embodiments, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) and a polymer, wherein the solid dispersion is essentially free of crystalline forms of compound of Formula (I). In some embodiments, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form, or no detectable amount of any crystalline form, and a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer.

In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprises from about 10% to about 50%, or from about 10% to about 30%, or from about 20% to about 30%, by weight of the compound represented by Formula (I) based on the total weight of the solid dispersion. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions may comprise about 25% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (I) based on the total weight of the solid dispersion.

The solid dispersion provided herein comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer selected from polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneoxide, polyethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, graft copolymers comprised of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl caprolactam and polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polycaprolactam, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-glycolic)acid, lipids, cellulose, pullulan, dextran, maltodextrin, hyaluronic acid, polysialic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, pentosan polysulfate, spirulan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose propionate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, methyl cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate terephthalate, cellulose acetate isophthalate, carboxymethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose acetate succinate, dextran, dextran acetate, dextran propionate, dextran succinate, dextran acetate propionate, dextran acetate succinate, dextran propionate succinate, dextran acetate propionate succinate, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:1, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:2, poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate) 1:1, or mixtures thereof. For example, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer in the formulation provided herein is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate.

In some embodiments, described herein is pharmaceutically acceptable composition for oral administration, the composition comprising: (i) a solid dispersion, wherein the solid dispersion comprises: the amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I):

anda pharmaceutically acceptable polymer; and (ii) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

In some embodiments, the solid dispersion has no more than about 5% w/w of any crystalline form of the compound. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion has substantially no detectable amount of any crystalline form of the compound. In some embodiments, the amorphous form has a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the composition contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound in the aggregate when exposed to 60% relative humidity at 25° C. for 1 month, 3 months or 6 months. In some embodiments, the composition contains not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound in the aggregate when exposed to 75% relative humidity at 40° C. for 1 month, 3 months or 6 months. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises about 10% to about 30% by weight of the compound based on the total weight of the solid dispersion. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises about 20% to about 30% by weight of the compound based on the total weight of the solid dispersion. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises about 25% by weight of the compound based on the total weight of the solid dispersion. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer is selected from the group consisting of: polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneoxide, polyethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block cocarriers, graft cocarriers comprised of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl caprolactam and polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polycaprolactam, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-glycolic)acid, lipids, cellulose, pullulan, dextran, maltodextrin, hyaluronic acid, polysialic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, pentosan polysulfate, spirulan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose propionate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, methyl cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate terephthalate, cellulose acetate isophthalate, carboxymethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose acetate succinate, dextran, dextran acetate, dextran propionate, dextran succinate, dextran acetate propionate, dextran acetate succinate, dextran propionate succinate, dextran acetate propionate succinate, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:1, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:2, poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate) 1:1, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate. In some embodiments, the compound and the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer are present in a ratio of compound:polymer from about 40:60 to about 10:90. In some embodiments, the compound and the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer are present in a ratio of compound:polymer from about 30:70 to about 20:80. In some embodiments, the compound and the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer are present in a ratio of compound:polymer of about 25:75. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion is a solid spray-dried dispersion. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion has a solubility in water at pH 6.5 of about 100 μg/mL at 25° C. to about 200 μg/mL at 25° C. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion has a solubility in water at pH 6.5 of about 120 μg/mL at 25° C. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion has a solubility in water at pH 2 of about 150 μg/mL at 25° C. to about 300 μg/mL at 25° C. In some embodiments, the solid dispersion has a solubility in water at pH 2 of about 178 μg/mL at 25° C.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises less than about 10% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (II):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises less than about 3% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (II):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises less than about 1% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (II):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises about 0.1% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (II):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises about 0.01% by weight to about 0.1% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (II):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises less than about 10% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (III):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises less than about 3% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (III):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises less than about 3% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (III):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises less than about 1% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (III):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises comprising about 0.1% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (III):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprises about 0.01% by weight to about 0.1% by weight of a compound represented by Formula (III):

based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

In another embodiment, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (I)

and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein greater than about 96% by weight of the compound present in the pharmaceutically acceptable composition is in the amorphous form.

In some embodiments, the amorphous form has a characteristic amorphous powder X-ray diffraction halo pattern. In some embodiments, the amorphous form has a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 1.

In some embodiments, the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum is obtained using Cu K□ radiation. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of the compound has a glass transition temperature of about 125° C. In some embodiments, the composition has no detectable amounts of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I).

In one embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition for orally delivering to a patient 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

comprising: an intragranular blend, wherein the intragranular blend comprises: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; a bulking agent and/or filler; and a lubricant and/or a glidant; and an extragranular blend comprising a glidant and/or a lubricant.

In one embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition for orally delivering to a patient 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

comprising: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; a bulking agent, a filler, and a lubricant and/or a glidant.

In some embodiments, the solid dispersion comprises the amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer in a ratio from about 40:60 to about 10:90 or from about 30:70 to about 20:80. In some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer may be in a ratio of about 25:75.

Also provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (a) an intragranular blend comprising: (i) a solid spray-dried dispersion comprising a compound represented by Formula (I), and a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer; (ii) one or more fillers; (iii) a disintegrant; (iv) a glidant; and (v) a lubricant; and (b) an extragranular blend comprising: (i) a glidant; and (ii) a lubricant.

In some embodiments, the blend of the internal and extragranular blends is in a ratio of from about 90:10 to about 99.5:0.5. For example, the blend of the internal and extragranular blends may be in a ratio of about 99:1.

In some embodiments, the solid dispersion of the intragranular blend comprises from about 10% to about 50%, or from about 10% to about 30%, or from about 20% to about 30% by weight of the amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) based on the total weight of the solid spray-dried dispersion. In some embodiments, the solid spray-dried dispersion may comprise about 25% by weight of the amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) based on the total weight of the solid spray-dried dispersion.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer selected from polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneoxide, polyethylene glycol, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, graft copolymers comprised of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl caprolactam and polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polycaprolactam, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-glycolic)acid, lipids, cellulose, pullulan, dextran, maltodextrin, hyaluronic acid, polysialic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, pentosan polysulfate, spirulan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose propionate succinate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, methyl cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate terephthalate, cellulose acetate isophthalate, carboxymethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose acetate succinate, dextran, dextran acetate, dextran propionate, dextran succinate, dextran acetate propionate, dextran acetate succinate, dextran propionate succinate, dextran acetate propionate succinate, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:1, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) 1:2, poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl acrylate) 1:1, or mixtures thereof. For example, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises the amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer in a ratio from about 40:60 to about 10:90, or from about 30:70 to about 20:80. in some embodiments, the amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer may be in a ratio of about 25:75.

In some embodiments, the intragranular blend of the pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more fillers, wherein the total amount of the one or more fillers is from about 40% to about 80% by weight based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. One or more fillers are lactose, maltodextrin, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sucrose esters, or hydrates thereof. In some embodiments, the intragranular blend comprises two fillers. When the intragranular blend comprises two fillers, each filler may independently be present in an amount from about 20% to about 40%, e.g., about 33%, by weight based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, one filler may be microcrystalline cellulose and the other filler may be lactose monohydrate.

In some embodiments, the intragranular blend of the pharmaceutical composition comprises from about 1% to about 10% by weight, e.g., about 5%, of the disintegrant based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. The disintegrant is crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose, or pregelatinized starch. In some embodiments, the disintegrant in the intragranular blend may be crospovidone.

In some embodiments, the glidant of the intragranular blend is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 1%, e.g., about 0.5%, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. For example, the glidant of the intragranular blend may be silicon dioxide.

In some embodiments, the glidant of the extragranular blend is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 1%, e.g., about 0.5%, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the glidant of the extragranular blend may be silicon dioxide.

In some embodiments, the lubricant of the intragranular blend is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 1%, e.g., about 0.5%, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the lubricant of the intragranular blend is magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, hydrogenated castor oil, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, zinc stearate, talc, microcrystalline cellulose, or sucrose esters. For example, the lubricant of the intragranular blend may be magnesium stearate.

In some embodiments, the lubricant of the extragranular blend is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 1%, e.g., about 0.5%, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the lubricant of the extragranular blend is magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, hydrogenated castor oil, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, zinc stearate, talc, microcrystalline cellulose, or sucrose esters. As an example, the lubricant of the extragranular blend may be magnesium stearate.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (a) an intragranular blend comprising: (i) about 33% by weight of a solid spray-dried dispersion based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition, the solid spray-dried dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, wherein the solid spray-dried dispersion comprises about 25% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (I) based on the total weight of the solid spray-dried dispersion; (ii) about 30% by weight of microcrystalline cellulose based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; (iii) about 30% by weight of lactose monohydrate based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; (iv) about 5% by weight of crospovidone based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; (v) about 0.5% by weight of silicon dioxide based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; and (vi) about 0.5% by weight of magnesium stearate based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; and (b) an extragranular blend comprising: (i) about 0.5% by weight of silicon dioxide based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; and (ii) about 0.5% by weight of magnesium stearate based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (a) an intragranular blend comprising: (i) about 200 mg of a solid spray-dried dispersion comprising an amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, wherein the solid spray-dried dispersion comprises about 50 mg of the compound represented by Formula (I); (ii) about 179 mg of microcrystalline cellulose; (iii) about 179 mg of lactose monohydrate; (iv) about 30 mg of crospovidone; (v) about 3 mg of silicon dioxide; and (vi) about 3 mg of magnesium stearate; and (b) an extragranular blend comprising: (i) about 3 mg of silicon dioxide; and (ii) about 3 mg of magnesium stearate.

Tablets

The pharmaceutical compositions may also be provided as tablets. Tablets may be uncoated, film, sugar coated, bisected, embossed, plain, layered, or sustained-release. They can be made in a variety of sizes, shapes, and colors. Tablets may be swallowed, chewed, or dissolved in the buccal cavity or beneath the tongue.

In one embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable tablet having 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

comprising: an intragranular blend, wherein the intragranular blend comprises: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; about 25-35% by weight of a bulking agent based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; about 25-35% by weight of a filler based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; and an extragranular blend comprising a glidant and/or a lubricant. In some embodiments, the bulking agent is microcrystalline cellulose. In some embodiments, the filler is lactose or a hydrate thereof.

In one embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable tablet having 10 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

comprising: an intragranular blend, wherein the intragranular blend comprises: a solid dispersion having 10 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; about 25-35% by weight of a bulking agent based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; about 25-35% by weight of a filler based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; and an extragranular blend comprising a glidant and/or a lubricant. In some embodiments, the bulking agent is microcrystalline cellulose. In some embodiments, the filler is lactose or a hydrate thereof.

In another embodiment, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable tablet having 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

wherein the tablet comprises: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; about 25-35% by weight microcrystalline cellulose based on the total weight of the tablet; and about 25-35% by weight of lactose or a hydrate thereof based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable tablet further comprising at least one of: magnesium stearate, crospovidone and silicon dioxide. In some embodiments, the tablet disintegrates in less than 1 minute as tested using USP <701> for uncoated tablets.

In another embodiment, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable tablet having 10 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

wherein the tablet comprises: a solid dispersion having 10 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; about 25-35% by weight microcrystalline cellulose based on the total weight of the tablet; and about 25-35% by weight of lactose or a hydrate thereof based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable tablet further comprising at least one of: magnesium stearate, crospovidone and silicon dioxide. In some embodiments, the tablet disintegrates in less than 1 minute as tested using USP <701> for uncoated tablets.

In another embodiment, described herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition for orally delivering 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

comprising: an intragranular blend, wherein the intragranular blend comprises: a solid dispersion having 50 mg of the compound wherein the compound is present in amorphous form and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; about 25-35% by weight microcrystalline cellulose based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; about 25-35%% by weight of lactose or a hydrate thereof based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; about 5% by weight of crospovidone based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; about 0.5% by weight of silicon dioxide based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; and about 0.5% by weight of magnesium stearate based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition; and an extragranular blend comprising about 0.5% by weight of silicon dioxide based on the total amount of the pharmaceutical composition; and (ii) about 0.5% by weight of magnesium stearate based on the total amount of the of the pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the composition or tablet releases at least 80% of the compound after 10 minutes to 40 minutes when the composition is tested in 900 mL sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5 using a USP Apparatus II (Paddle Method) at 37° C., with a paddle speed of 75 rpm. In some embodiments, the composition or tablet releases at least 80% of the compound after 10 minutes when the composition is tested in 900 mL sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5 using a USP Apparatus II (Paddle Method) at 37° C., with a paddle speed of 75 rpm. In some embodiments, the composition or tablet releases at least 80% of the compound after 20 minutes when the composition is tested in 900 mL sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5 using a USP Apparatus II (Paddle Method) at 37° C., with a paddle speed of 75 rpm. In some embodiments, the composition or tablet releases at least 80% of the compound after 30 minutes when the composition is tested in 900 mL sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5 using a USP Apparatus II (Paddle Method) at 37° C., with a paddle speed of 75 rpm. In some embodiments, the composition or tablet releases at least 80% of the compound after 40 minutes when the composition is tested in 900 mL sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5 using a USP Apparatus II (Paddle Method) at 37° C., with a paddle speed of 75 rpm.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a tablet providing about 50 mg of an amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I), wherein the tablet comprises: (a) an intragranular blend comprising: (i) about 195 mg to about 205 mg of a solid spray-dried dispersion that comprises about 50 mg of the compound and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; (ii) about 177 mg to about 181 mg of microcrystalline cellulose; (iii) about 177 mg to about 181 mg of lactose monohydrate; and (iv) about 28 mg to about 32 mg of crospovidone; and (b) an extragranular blend comprising: (i) about 2 mg to about 4 mg of silicon dioxide; and (ii) about 2 mg to about 4 mg of magnesium stearate. In some embodiments, microcrystalline cellulose may be replaced with lactose. In some embodiments, microcrystalline cellulose may be replaced with mannitol. In some embodiments, microcrystalline cellulose may be replaced with modified starch.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a tablet, with a weight of about 600 mg, providing about 25 mg of an amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I), wherein the tablet comprises: (a) an intragranular blend comprising: (i) about 16.7% of the total weight of the tablet as a solid spray-dried dispersion that comprises about 25 mg of the compound and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; (ii) about 37.7% of the total weight of the tablet as microcrystalline cellulose; (iii) about 37.6% of the total weight of the tablet as lactose monohydrate; (iv) about 6.0% of the total weight of the tablet as croscarmellose sodium; (v) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as silicon dioxide; and (vi) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as magnesium stearate; and (b) an extragranular blend comprising: (i) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as silicon dioxide; and (ii) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as magnesium stearate.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a tablet, with a weight of about 600 mg, providing about 25 mg of an amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I), wherein the tablet comprises: (a) an intragranular blend comprising: (i) about 16.7% of the total weight of the tablet as a solid spray-dried dispersion that comprises about 25 mg of the compound and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; (ii) about 38.2% of the total weight of the tablet as microcrystalline cellulose; (iii) about 38.1% of the total weight of the tablet as lactose monohydrate; (iv) about 5.0% of the total weight of the tablet as crospovidone; (v) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as silicon dioxide; and (vi) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as magnesium stearate; and (b) an extragranular blend comprising: (i) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as silicon dioxide; and (ii) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as magnesium stearate.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a tablet, with a weight of about 600 mg, providing about 25 mg of an amorphous form of a compound represented by Formula (I), wherein the tablet comprises: (a) an intragranular blend comprising: (i) about 16.7% of the total weight of the tablet as a solid spray-dried dispersion that comprises about 25 mg of the compound and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate; (ii) about 32.7% of the total weight of the tablet as microcrystalline cellulose; (iii) about 32.6% of the total weight of the tablet as lactose monohydrate; (iv) about 6.0% of the total weight of the tablet as croscarmellose sodium; (v) about 10.0% of the total weight of the tablet as 70/30 TPGS/Cabosil; (vi) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as silicon dioxide; and (vii) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as magnesium stearate; and (b) an extragranular blend comprising: (i) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as silicon dioxide; and (ii) about 0.5% of the total weight of the tablet as magnesium stearate.

Methods of Treatment

A compound of Formula (I) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of c-KIT. Disorders that can be treated be the compound of Formula (I) include, but are not limited to: gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), NF-1-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors, KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma, a glioma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, hypereosinophilic syndrome, KIT driven germ cell tumor (e.g., testicular germ cell), KIT driven skin cancer, KIT driven renal cell carcinoma, penile cancer, PDGFRA driven penile cancer, prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven non-melanoma skin cancer, PDGFRA driven glioma, PDGFRA driven sarcoma, PDGFRA driven glioblastoma, PDGFRA driven pancreatic cancer, or a disease vaginal cancer, prostate cancer, penile cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, or breast sarcoma (e.g., a vaginal cancer, prostate cancer, penile cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, or breast sarcoma comprising a PDGFRB mutation).

Accordingly, provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung cancer, glioblastoma, a glioma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, and hypereosinophilic syndrome in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein. In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of KIT driven germ cell tumor (e.g., testicular germ cell), KIT driven skin cancer, or KIT driven renal cell carcinoma in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of penile cancer, PDGFRA driven penile cancer, prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven non-melanoma skin cancer, PDGFRA driven glioma, PDGFRA driven sarcoma, PDGFRA driven glioblastoma, or PDGFRA driven pancreatic cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a method of treating a disease comprising a PDGFRB mutation selected from the group consisting of vaginal cancer, prostate cancer, penile cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, or breast sarcoma in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for treating diseases driven by KIT mutations or PDGFRA mutations in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for treating diseases driven by KIT mutations and PDGFRA mutations in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for treating diseases driven by KIT mutations or PDGFRA mutations, comprising passenger PDGFRB mutations in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a method for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition or one or more tablets described herein. In some embodiments, the melanoma is cutaneous melanoma or noncutaneous melanaoma. In some embodiments, the melanoma is cutaneous melanoma. In some embodiments, the cutaneous melanoma is superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral-lentiginous melanoma, or amelanotic and desmoplastic melanoma. In some embodiments, the melanoma is noncutaneous (non-skin) melanoma. In some embodiments, the noncutaneous melanoma is ocular melanoma or mucosal melanoma. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by the kinase activity of c-KIT and/or PDGFRA, and/or oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is selected from the group consisting of KIT driven germ cell tumor (e.g., testicular germ cell), KIT driven skin cancer (e.g., KIT driven cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, KIT driven Merkel cell carcinoma, uveal melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer), or KIT driven renal cell carcinoma (e.g., renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma). In some embodiments, the disease is selected from the group consisting of penile cancer, PDGFRA driven penile cancer, prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven prostate cancer, PDGFRA driven non-melanoma skin cancer, PDGFRA driven glioma, PDGFRA driven sarcoma, PDGFRA driven glioblastoma, or PDGFRA driven pancreatic cancer. In some embodiments, the disease comprising a PDGFRB mutation is selected from the group consisting of vaginal cancer, prostate cancer, penile cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, or breast sarcoma.

Also provided herein, in another embodiment, is a use of a composition or tablets described herein for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung cancer, glioblastoma, a glioma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, and hypereosinophilic syndrome.

An amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% as described herein is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of c-KIT. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., cutaneous melanoma, noncutaneous melanoma, KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95%. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by the kinase activity of: c-KIT and/or PDGFRA, and/or oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, provided herein, is a method of treating or preventing a PDGFR kinase-mediated tumor growth of tumor progression comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95%.

In some embodiments, the tumor growth or tumor progression is caused by PDGFRα kinase overexpression, oncogenic PDGFRα missense mutations, oncogenic deletion PDGFRα mutations, oncogenic PDGFRα gene rearrangements leading to PDGFRα fusion proteins, PDGFRα intragenic in-frame deletions, and/or oncogenic PDGFRα gene amplification. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% is administered to a cancer patient wherein the cancer is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, or lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) wherein the compound of Formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% is administered as a single agent or in combination with other cancer targeted therapeutic agents, cancer-targeted biologicals, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or chemotherapeutic agents.

In some embodiments, the methods of treatment described herein comprise administering an amorphous form of the compound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutical composition thereof, to a subject in need thereof prior to surgery (as a neoadjuvant therapy). In some embodiments, the methods of treatment described herein comprise administering a composition of the compound of Formula (I) described herein, to a subject in need thereof after to surgery (as an adjuvant therapy).

An amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form as described herein is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of c-KIT. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., cutaneous melanoma, noncutaneous melanoma, KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by the kinase activity of c-KIT and/or PDGFRA, and/or oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, provided herein, is a method of treating or preventing a PDGFR kinase-mediated tumor growth of tumor progression comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form. In some embodiments, the tumor growth or tumor progression is caused by PDGFRα kinase overexpression, oncogenic PDGFRα missense mutations, oncogenic deletion PDGFRα mutations, oncogenic PDGFRα gene rearrangements leading to PDGFRα fusion proteins, PDGFRα intragenic in-frame deletions, and/or oncogenic PDGFRα gene amplification. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form is administered to a cancer patient wherein the cancer is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, or lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) wherein the compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form is administered as a single agent or in combination with other cancer targeted therapeutic agents, cancer-targeted biologicals, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or chemotherapeutic agents.

An amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form, or no detectable amount of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I) as described herein is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of c-KIT. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., cutaneous melanoma, noncutaneous melanoma, KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, or non-small cell lung cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form, or no detectable amount of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I). In some embodiments, the disease is caused by the kinase activity of: c-KIT and/or PDGFRA, and/or oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, provided herein, is a method of treating or preventing a PDGFR kinase-mediated tumor growth of tumor progression comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form, or no detectable amount of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I). In some embodiments, the tumor growth or tumor progression is caused by PDGFRα kinase overexpression, oncogenic PDGFRα missense mutations, oncogenic deletion PDGFRα mutations, oncogenic PDGFRα gene rearrangements leading to PDGFRα fusion proteins, PDGFRα intragenic in-frame deletions, and/or oncogenic PDGFRα gene amplification. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form is administered to a cancer patient wherein the cancer is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, or lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) wherein the compound of Formula (I) having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form, or no detectable amount of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I) is administered as a single agent or in combination with other cancer targeted therapeutic agents, cancer-targeted biologicals, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or chemotherapeutic agents.

An amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I) having not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I) as described herein is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of c-KIT. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., cutaneous melanoma, noncutaneous melanoma, KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, or non-small cell lung cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) having not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I). In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, provided herein, is a method of treating or preventing a PDGFR kinase-mediated tumor growth of tumor progression comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) having not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I). In some embodiments, the tumor growth or tumor progression is caused by PDGFRα kinase overexpression, oncogenic PDGFRα missense mutations, oncogenic deletion PDGFRα mutations, oncogenic PDGFRα gene rearrangements leading to PDGFRα fusion proteins, PDGFRα intragenic in-frame deletions, and/or oncogenic PDGFRα gene amplification. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form is administered to a cancer patient wherein the cancer is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, or lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) wherein the compound of Formula (I) having not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I) is administered as a single agent or in combination with other cancer targeted therapeutic agents, cancer-targeted biologicals, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or chemotherapeutic agents.

In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% is used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., cutaneous melanoma, noncutaneous melanoma, KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by the kinase activity of: c-KIT and/or PDGFRA, and/or oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% is used in the preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing a PDGFR kinase-mediated tumor growth of tumor. In some embodiments, the tumor growth or tumor progression is caused by PDGFRα kinase overexpression, oncogenic PDGFRα missense mutations, oncogenic deletion PDGFRα mutations, oncogenic PDGFRα gene rearrangements leading to PDGFRα fusion proteins, PDGFRα intragenic in-frame deletions, and/or oncogenic PDGFRα gene amplification. In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of formula (I) having a purity by HPLC of greater than 95% is used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease wherein the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, or lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome.

In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form, is used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., cutaneous melanoma, noncutaneous melanoma, KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by the kinase activity of: c-KIT and/or PDGFRA, and/or oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form is used in the preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing a PDGFR kinase-mediated tumor growth of tumor. In some embodiments, the tumor growth or tumor progression is caused by PDGFRα kinase overexpression, oncogenic PDGFRα missense mutations, oncogenic deletion PDGFRα mutations, oncogenic PDGFRα gene rearrangements leading to PDGFRα fusion proteins, PDGFRα intragenic in-frame deletions, and/or oncogenic PDGFRα gene amplification. In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having no detectable amounts of any crystalline form is used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease wherein the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, or lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome.

In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I) is used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., cutaneous melanoma, noncutaneous melanoma, KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by the kinase activity of: c-KIT and/or PDGFRA, and/or oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I) is used in the preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing a PDGFR kinase-mediated tumor growth of tumor. In some embodiments, the tumor growth or tumor progression is caused by PDGFRα kinase overexpression, oncogenic PDGFRα missense mutations, oncogenic deletion PDGFRα mutations, oncogenic PDGFRα gene rearrangements leading to PDGFRα fusion proteins, PDGFRα intragenic in-frame deletions, and/or oncogenic PDGFRα gene amplification. In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having not more than about 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I) is used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease wherein the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, or lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome

In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I), or no detectable amount of any crystalline form is used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., cutaneous melanoma, noncutaneous melanoma, KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is caused by the kinase activity of: c-KIT and/or PDGFRA, and/or oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome. In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I), or no detectable amount of any crystalline form is used in the preparation of a medicament for treating or preventing a PDGFR kinase-mediated tumor growth of tumor. In some embodiments, the tumor growth or tumor progression is caused by PDGFRα kinase overexpression, oncogenic PDGFRα missense mutations, oncogenic deletion PDGFRα mutations, oncogenic PDGFRα gene rearrangements leading to PDGFRα fusion proteins, PDGFRα intragenic in-frame deletions, and/or oncogenic PDGFRα gene amplification. In some embodiments, an amorphous form of a compound of Formula (I), having not more than 5% (w/w) of any crystalline form of the compound of Formula (I), or no detectable amount of any crystalline form is used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease wherein the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, or lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome.

The pharmaceutical compositions and pharmaceutical compositions comprising an amorphous form of a compound of formula (I) as described herein can therefore be useful in the treatment of certain disorders in a patient in need thereof. In some embodiments, such disease is caused by the kinase activity of c-KIT or PDGFRA, and oncogenic forms thereof. In some embodiments the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma (e.g., cutaneous melanoma, noncutaneous melanoma, KIT driven melanoma or PGDFRA driven melanoma or PGDFR driven melanoma), acute myeloid leukemia, germ cell tumors of the seminoma or dysgerminoma, mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, or non-small cell lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is KIT driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome.

In some embodiments, such disease is a PDGFR kinase-mediated tumor growth of tumor. In some embodiments, the tumor growth or tumor progression is caused by PDGFRα kinase overexpression, oncogenic PDGFRα missense mutations, oncogenic deletion PDGFRα mutations, oncogenic PDGFRα gene rearrangements leading to PDGFRα fusion proteins, PDGFRα intragenic in-frame deletions, and/or oncogenic PDGFRα gene amplification. In some embodiments, such disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, glioma, pediatric glioma, astrocytomas, sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma, intimal sarcomas, hypereosinophilic syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophilia-associated acute myeloid leukemia, or lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma. In some embodiments, the disease is PDGFRA driven gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In some embodiments, the disease is lung cancer. In some embodiments, the disease is glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a glioma. In some embodiments, the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. In some embodiments, the disease is a hypereosinophilic syndrome

The pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be administered to patients (animals and humans) in need of such treatment in dosages that will provide optimal pharmaceutical efficacy. It will be appreciated that the dose required for use in any particular application will vary from patient to patient, not only with the particular compound or composition selected, but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated, the age and condition of the patient, concurrent medication or special diets then being followed by the patient, and other factors which those skilled in the art will recognize, with the appropriate dosage ultimately being at the discretion of the attendant physician.

Treatment can be continued for as long or as short a period as desired. The compositions may be administered on a regimen of, for example, one to four or more times per day. A suitable treatment period can be, for example, at least about one week, at least about two weeks, at least about one month, at least about six months, at least about 1 year, or indefinitely. A treatment period can terminate when a desired result is achieved.

Combination Therapy

The present disclosure describes combination therapies that involve the administration of an amorphous form of the compound of Formula (I) or a composition comprising an amorphous form compound of Formula (I), and one or more therapeutic agents. The combination therapies described herein can be used by themselves, or in further combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents (e.g., one or more additional therapeutic agents described below). For example, the compound of Formula (I) or a composition comprising an amorphous form compound of Formula (I) can be administered together with a cancer targeted therapeutic agent, a cancer-targeted biological, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, or a chemotherapeutic agent. The therapeutic agents can be administered together with or sequentially with another therapeutic agent described herein in a combination therapy.

Combination therapy can be achieved by administering two or more therapeutic agents, each of which is formulated and administered separately. Alternatively, combination therapy can be achieved by administering two or more therapeutic agents in a single formulation.

Other combinations are also encompassed by combination therapy. While the two or more agents in the combination therapy can be administered simultaneously, they need not be. For example, administration of a first agent (or combination of agents) can precede administration of a second agent (or combination of agents) by minutes, hours, days, or weeks. Thus, the two or more agents can be administered within minutes of each other or within 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 24 hours of each other or within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 days of each other or within 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or weeks of each other. In some cases even longer intervals are possible. While in many cases it is desirable that the two or more agents used in a combination therapy be present in within the patient's body at the same time, this need not be so.

Combination therapy can also include two or more administrations of one or more of the agents used in the combination using different sequencing of the component agents. For example, if agent X and agent Y are used in a combination, one could administer them sequentially in any combination one or more times, e.g., in the order X—Y—X, X—X—Y, Y—X—Y, Y—Y—X, X—X—Y—Y, etc.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent that may be administered according to the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, cytotoxic agents, cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, irinotecan, topotecan, paclitaxel, docetaxel, the epothilones, tamoxifen, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, temozolomide, cyclophosphamide, lonafarib, tipifarnib, 4-((5-((4-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile hydrochloride, (R)-1-((1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-3-benzyl-4-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo diazepine-7-carbonitrile, cetuximab, imatinib, interferon alfa-2b, pegylated interferon alfa-2b, aromatase combinations, gemcitabine, uracil mustard, chlormethine, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, pipobroman, triethylenemelamine, triethylenethiophosphoramine, busulfan, carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin, dacarbazine, floxuridine, cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, fludarabine phosphate, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, pentostatine, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, bleomycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mithramycin, deoxycoformycin, mitomycin-C, L-asparaginase, teniposide 17α-ethinyl estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, testosterone, prednisone, fluoxymesterone, dromostanolone propionate, testolactone, megestrol acetate, methylprednisolone, methyltestosterone, prednisolone, triamcinolone, chlorotrianisene, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, aminoglutethimide, estramustine, medroxyprogesterone acetate, leuprolide acetate, flutamide, toremifene citrate, goserelin acetate, carboplatin, hydroxyurea, amsacrine, procarbazine, mitotane, mitoxantrone, levamisole, vinorelbine, anastrazole, letrozole, capecitabine, raloxifene, droloxafine, hexamethylmelamine, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, tositumomab, bortezomib, ibritumomab tiuxetan, arsenic trioxide, porfimer sodium, cetuximab, thioTEPA, altretamine, fulvestrant, exemestane, rituximab, alemtuzumab, dexamethasone, bicalutamide, chlorambucil, and valrubicin.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent that can be administered may include, without limitation, an AKT inhibitor, alkylating agent, all-trans retinoic acid, antiandrogen, azacitidine, BCL2 inhibitor, BCL-XL inhibitor, BCR-ABL inhibitor, BTK inhibitor, BTK/LCK/LYN inhibitor, CDK1/2/4/6/7/9 inhibitor, CDK4/6 inhibitor, CDK9 inhibitor, CBP/p300 inhibitor, EGFR inhibitor, endothelin receptor antagonist, RAF inhibitor, MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor, ERK inhibitor, farnesyltransferase inhibitor, FLT3 inhibitor, glucocorticoid receptor agonist, HDM2 inhibitor, histone deacetylase inhibitor, IKKβ inhibitor, immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), ingenol, ITK inhibitor, JAK1/JAK2/JAK3/TYK2 inhibitor, MTOR inhibitor, PI3 kinase inhibitor, dual PI3 kinase/MTOR inhibitor, proteasome inhibitor, protein kinase C agonist, SUV39H1 inhibitor, TRAIL, VEGFR2 inhibitor, Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, decitabine, and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an immunomodulatory agent selected from the group consisting of CTLA4 inhibitors such as, but not limited to ipilimumab and tremelimumab; PD1 inhibitors such as, but not limited to pembrolizumab, and nivolumab; PDL1 inhibitors such as, but not limited to atezolizumab (formerly MPDL3280A), durvalumab (formerly MEDI4736), avelumab, PDR001; 4 1BB or 4 1BB ligand inhibitors such as, but not limited to urelumab and PF-05082566; OX40 ligand agonists such as, but not limited to MEDI6469; GITR agents such as, but not limited to TRX518; CD27 inhibitors such as, but not limited to varlilumab; TNFRSF25 or TL1A inhibitors; CD40 agonists such as, but not limited to CP-870893; HVEM or LIGHT or LTA or BTLA or CD160 inhibitors; LAG3 inhibitors such as, but not limited to BMS-986016; TIM3 inhibitors; Siglecs inhibitors; ICOS or ICOS ligand agonists; B7 H3 inhibitors such as, but not limited to MGA271; B7 H4 inhibitors; VISTA inhibitors; HHLA2 or TMIGD2 inhibitors; inhibitors of Butyrophilins, including BTNL2 inhibitors; CD244 or CD48 inhibitors; inhibitors of TIGIT and PVR family members; KIRs inhibitors such as, but not limited to lirilumab; inhibitors of ILTs and LIRs; NKG2D and NKG2A inhibitors such as, but not limited to IPH2201; inhibitors of MICA and MICB; CD244 inhibitors; CSF1R inhibitors such as, but not limited to emactuzumab, cabiralizumab, pexidartinib, ARRY382, BLZ945; IDO inhibitors such as, but not limited to INCB024360; thalidomide, lenalidomide, TGFβ inhibitors such as, but not limited to galunisertib; adenosine or CD39 or CD73 inhibitors; CXCR4 or CXCL12 inhibitors such as, but not limited to ulocuplumab and (3S,6S,9S,12R,17R,20S,23S,26S,29S,34aS)-N-((S)-1-amino-5-guanidino-1-oxopentan-2-yl)-26,29-bis(4-aminobutyl)-17-((S)-2-((S)-2-((S)-2-(4-fluorobenzamido)-5-guanidinopentanamido)-5-guanidinopentanamido)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)propanamido)-6-(3-guanidinopropyl)-3,20-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4,7,10,18,21,24,27,30-nonaoxo-9,23-bis(3-ureidopropyl)triacontahydro-1H,16H-pyrrolo[2,1-p][1,2]dithia[5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29]nonaazacyclodotriacontine-12-carboxamide BKT140; phosphatidylserine inhibitors such as, but not limited to bavituximab; SIRPA or CD47 inhibitors such as, but not limited to CC-90002; VEGF inhibitors such as, but not limited to bevacizumab; and neuropilin inhibitors such as, but not limited to MNRP1685A.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of chemotherapeutic agents including but not limited to anti-tubulin agents (paclitaxel, paclitaxel protein-bound particles for injectable suspension such as nab-paclitaxel, eribulin, docetaxel, ixabepilone, vincristine), vinorelbine, DNA-alkylating agents (including cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, temozolomide), DNA intercalating agents (including doxorubicin, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin), 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, cytarabine, decitabine, 5-aza cytadine, gemcitabine and methotrexate.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of paclitaxel, paclitaxel protein-bound particles for injectable suspension, eribulin, docetaxel, ixabepilone, vincristine, vinorelbine, cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, temozolomide, doxorubicin, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, cytarabine, decitabine, 5-azacytadine, gemcitabine, methotrexate, erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, everolimus, temsirolimus, LY2835219, LEE011, PD 0332991, crizotinib, cabozantinib, sunitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, regorafenib, axitinib, dasatinib, imatinib, nilotinib, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib, idelasib, quizartinib, tamoxifen, fulvestrant, anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, flutamide, cyproterone acetate, prednisone, dexamethasone, irinotecan, camptothecin, topotecan, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, mitoxantrone, vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, valproic acid, belinostat, DZNep 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, bortezomib, carfilzomib, thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, trastuzumab, pertuzumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, ipilimumab, labrolizumab, nivolumab, MPDL3280A, bevacizumab, aflibercept, brentuximab vedotin, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, radiotherapy, and sipuleucel T.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a kinase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatanib, everolimus, temsirolimus, LY2835219, LEE011, PD 0332991, crizotinib, cabozantinib, sunitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, regorafenib, axitinib, dasatinib, imatinib, nilotinib, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib, idelalisib, and quizartinib.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-PD1 therapeutic. Examples of anti-PD1 therapeutics that may be administered in combination with the compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a composition comprising the compound of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein include, but are not limited to, nivolumab, pidilizumab, cemiplimab, tislelizumab, AMP-224, AMP-514, and pembrolizumab.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of immunomodulatory agents including but not limited to anti-PD-L1 therapeutics including atezolizumab, durvalumab, BMS-936559, and avelumab, anti-TIM3 therapeutics including TSR-022 and MBG453, anti-LAG3 therapeutics including relatlimab, LAG525, and TSR-033, CD40 agonist therapeutics including SGN-40, CP-870,893 and R07009789, anti-CD47 therapeutics including Hu5F9-G4, anti-CD20 therapeutics, anti-CD38 therapeutics, and other immunomodulatory therapeutics including thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, prednisone, and dexamethasone. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is avelumab.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of anti-tubulin agents (e.g., paclitaxel, paclitaxel protein-bound particles for injectable suspension, eribulin, abraxane, docetaxel, ixabepilone, taxiterem, vincristine or vinorelbine), LHRH antagonists including but not limited to leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin, or histrelin, anti-androgen agents including but not limited to abiraterone, flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide, cyproterone acetate, enzalutamide, and apalutamide, anti-estrogen agents including but not limited to tamoxifen, fulvestrant, anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, DNA-alkylating agents (including cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and temozolomide), DNA intercalating agents (including doxorubicin, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin), 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, cytarabine, decitabine, 5-aza cytadine, gemcitabine methotrexate, bortezomib, and carfilzomib.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of targeted therapeutics including kinase inhibitors erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatanib, everolimus, temsirolimus, abemaciclib, LEE011, palbociclib, crizotinib, cabozantinib, sunitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, regorafenib, axitinib, dasatinib, imatinib, nilotinib, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib, idelalisib, quizartinib, avapritinib, BLU-667, BLU-263, Loxo 292, larotrectinib, and quizartinib, anti-estrogen agents including but not limited to tamoxifen, fulvestrant, anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, anti-androgen agents including but not limited to abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, flutamide, cyproterone acetate, steroid agents including but not limited to prednisone and dexamethasone, PARP inhibitors including but not limited to neraparib, olaparib, and rucaparib, topoisomerase I inhibitors including but not limited to irinotecan, camptothecin, and topotecan, topoisomerase II inhibitors including but not limited to etoposide, etoposide phosphate, and mitoxantrone, Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors including but not limited to vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, valproic acid, and belinostat, DNA methylation inhibitors including but not limited to DZNep and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, proteasome inhibitors including but not limited to bortezomib and carfilzomib, thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, biological agents including but not limited to trastuzumab, ado-trastuzumab, pertuzumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, ipilimumab, tremelimumab, vaccines including but not limited to sipuleucel-T, and radiotherapy.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an inhibitor of the TIE2 immunokinase including rebastinib or ARRY-614.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an inhibitor of the TIE2 immunokinase including rebastinib or ARRY-614, and an anti-PD1 therapeutic.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of anti-angiogenic agents including AMG386, bevacizumab and aflibercept, and antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs) including brentuximab vedotin, trastuzumab emtansine, and ADCs containing a payload such as a derivative of camptothecin, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer (PBD), an indolinobenzodiazepine dimer (IGN), DM1, DM4, MMAE, or MMAF.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analog, including goserelin and leuprolide.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of selected from the group consisting of everolimus, trabectedin, abraxane, TLK 286, AV-299, DN-101, pazopanib, GSK690693, RTA 744, ON 0910.Na, AZD 6244 (ARRY-142886), AMN-107, TKI-258, GSK461364, AZD 1152, enzastaurin, vandetanib, ARQ-197, MK-0457, MLN8054, PHA-739358, R-763, AT-9263, pemetrexed, erlotinib, dasatanib, nilotinib, decatanib, panitumumab, amrubicin, oregovomab, Lep-etu, nolatrexed, azd2171, batabulin, of atumtunab, zanolimumab, edotecarin, tetrandrine, rubitecan, tesmilifene, oblimersen, ticilimumab, ipilimumab, gossypol, Bio 111, 131-I-TM-601, ALT-110, BIO 140, CC 8490, cilengitide, gimatecan, IL13-PE38QQR, INO 1001, IPdR1 KRX-0402, lucanthone, LY 317615, neuradiab, vitespan, Rta 744, Sdx 102, talampanel, atrasentan, Xr 311, romidepsin, ADS-100380, sunitinib, 5-fluorouracil, vorinostat, etoposide, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, irinotecan, liposomal doxorubicin, 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, vincristine, temozolomide, ZK-304709, seliciclib; PD0325901, AZD-6244, capecitabine, L-Glutamic acid, N-[4-[2-(2-amino-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-ethyl]benzoyl]-, disodium salt, heptahydrate, camptothecin, PEG-labeled irinotecan, tamoxifen, toremifene citrate, anastrazole, exemestane, letrozole, DES (diethylstilbestrol), estradiol, estrogen, conjugated estrogen, bevacizumab, IMC-1C11, CHIR-258); 3-[5-(methylsulfonylpiperadinemethyl)-indolylj-quinolone, vatalanib, AG-013736, AVE-0005, the acetate salt of [D-Ser(Bu t) 6, Azgly 10] (pyro-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ser(Bu t)-Leu-Arg-Pro-Azgly-NH2 acetate [C59H84N18Oi4-(C2H402)x where x=1 to 2.4], goserelin acetate, leuprolide acetate, triptorelin pamoate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, megestrol acetate, raloxifene, bicalutamide, flutanide, nilutamide, megestrol acetate, CP-724714; TAK-165, HKI-272, erlotinib, lapatanib, canertinib, ABX-EGF antibody, erbitux, EKB-569, PKI-166, GW-572016, Ionafarnib, BMS-214662, tipifarnib; amifostine, NVP-LAQ824, suberoyl analide hydroxamic acid, valproic acid, trichostatin A, FK-228, SU11248, sorafenib, KRN951, aminoglutethimide, amsacrine, anagrelide, L-asparaginase, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, bleomycin, buserelin, busulfan, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, clodronate, cyproterone, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, diethylstilbestrol, epirubicin, fludarabine, fludrocortisone, fluoxymesterone, flutamide, gemcitabine, gleevac, hydroxyurea, idarubicin, ifosfamide, imatinib, leuprolide, levamisole, lomustine, mechlorethamine, melphalan, 6-mercaptopurine, mesna, methotrexate, mitomycin, mitotane, mitoxantrone, nilutamide, octreotide, oxaliplatin, pamidronate, pentostatin, plicamycin, porfimer, procarbazine, raltitrexed, rituximab, streptozocin, teniposide, testosterone, thalidomide, thioguanine, thiotepa, tretinoin, vindesine, 13-cis-retinoic acid, phenylalanine mustard, uracil mustard, estramustine, altretamine, floxuridine, 5-deooxyuridine, cytosine arabinoside, 6-mecaptopurine, deoxycoformycin, calcitriol, valrubicin, mithramycin, vinblastine, vinorelbine, topotecan, razoxin, marimastat, COL-3, neovastat, BMS-275291, squalamine, endostatin, SU5416, SU6668, EMD121974, interleukin-12, IM862, angiostatin, vitaxin, droloxifene, idoxyfene, spironolactone, finasteride, cimitidine, trastuzumab, denileukin diftitox, gefitinib, bortezimib, irinotecan, topotecan, doxorubicin, docetaxel, vinorelbine, bevacizumab (monoclonal antibody) and erbitux, cremophor-free paclitaxel, epithilone B, BMS-247550, BMS-310705, droloxifene, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, pipendoxifene, ERA-923, arzoxifene, fulvestrant, acolbifene, lasofoxifene, idoxifene, TSE-424, HMR-3339, ZK186619, PTK787/ZK 222584, VX-745, PD 184352, rapamycin, 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, temsirolimus, AP-23573, RAD001, ABT-578, BC-210, LY294002, LY292223, LY292696, LY293684, LY293646, wortmannin, ZM336372, L-779,450, PEG-filgrastim, darbepoetin, erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, zolendronate, prednisone, cetuximab, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, histrelin, pegylated interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2a, pegylated interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-2b, azacitidine, PEG-L-asparaginase, lenalidomide, gemtuzumab, hydrocortisone, interleukin-11, dexrazoxane, alemtuzumab, all-transretinoic acid, ketoconazole, interleukin-2, megestrol, immune globulin, nitrogen mustard, methylprednisolone, ibritgumomab tiuxetan, androgens, decitabine, hexamethylmelamine, bexarotene, tositumomab, arsenic trioxide, cortisone, editronate, mitotane, cyclosporine, liposomal daunorubicin, Edwina-asparaginase, strontium 89, casopitant, netupitant, an NK-1 receptor antagonists, palonosetron, aprepitant, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, metoclopramide, lorazepam, alprazolam, haloperidol, droperidol, dronabinol, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, prochlorperazine, granisetron, ondansetron, dolasetron, tropisetron, pegfilgrastim, erythropoietin, epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, ipilumumab, vemurafenib, and mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an HSP90 inhibitor (e.g., AT13387). In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is cyclophosphamide. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an AKT inhibitor (e.g., perifosine). In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a BCR-ABL inhibitor (e.g., nilotinib). In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an mTOR inhibitor (e.g., RAD001). In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an FGFR inhibitor (e.g., erdafitinib, K0947, or BGJ398). In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-PDL1 therapeutic. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a Bcl2 inhibitor (e.g., venetoclax). In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an autophagy inhibitor (e.g., hydroxychloroquine). In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a MET inhibitor.

EXAMPLES

The present disclosure is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments disclosed in the examples which are intended as illustrations of a few aspects of the disclosure and any embodiments that are functionally equivalent are within the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, various modifications in addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

In the Examples provided below, the following abbreviations are used: “HPMCAS-HG” refers to hydroxymethylpropyl cellulose acetate succinate (high pH solubility grade; granular); “SDD” refers to spray-dried dispersion; and “PVP-XL” refers to cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone. In the Examples provided below, “Compound 1” refers to the compound of Formula (I) as described herein. “Impurity A” and “Compound 2” each refer to the compound of Formula (II) as described herein. “Compound 3” refers to the compound of Formula (III) as described herein.

As used below in Example 1, the “w/w suspension fraction” is the fraction of a component, as a weight percentage, of the suspension used to prepare the spray-dried dispersion based on the amount of Compound 1 in the suspension.

Example 1. Preparation of a Spray-Dried Dispersion Comprising Compound 1 and HPMCAS-HG

Suspension preparation. HPMCAS-HG is added to a purified water and acetone solution and mixed to ensure dissolution of the polymer. Crystalline Compound 1 is added to the solution, and the suspension is mixed at a temperature of 15-25° C. The mixing remains on for the remainder of spray drying process.

Startup/shutdown solvent preparation and use. Purified water and acetone are mixed. The startup and shutdown solvent are sprayed at the beginning and end of the spray drying cycle.

Spray Drying. The suspension is passed through an inline heat exchanger (flow rate of 38-51 kg/hr) which heats the suspension to a temperature range of 112−124° C. to dissolve the suspended particles prior to spray drying. The solution is then spray dried in a pharmaceutical spray dryer (PSD-2 or equivalent) equipped with a capillary nozzle assisted with nitrogen sheath gas pressure of 65-85 psig using 400-500 kg/hr bulk drying gas, 50-70° C. chamber outlet temperature and −10° C. condenser temperature.

Secondary drying. The partially wet spray-dried intermediate resulting from the preparation described above is dried to provide an SDD comprising Compound 1 and HPMCAS-HG using agitated vacuum dryer at temperature range of 40−50° C. and chamber pressure of 40-50 mbar.

Example 2. Preparation of a Spray-Dried Dispersion Comprising Compound 1 and HPMCAS-HG

Solution preparation. Crystalline Compound 1 is added to a purified water and THF solution and mixed to ensure dissolution of the compound. HPMCAS-HG is added to the solution and mixed at ambient temperature until the polymer dissolves.

Startup/shutdown solvent preparation and use. Purified water and THF are mixed. The startup and shutdown solvent are sprayed at the beginning and end of the spray drying cycle.

Spray Drying. The solution is then spray dried in a pharmaceutical spray dryer at 175-205 g/min spray rate using 1550-2150 g/min bulk drying gas flow rate and 40-50° C. chamber outlet temperature.

Secondary drying. The partially wet spray-dried intermediate resulting from the preparation described above is dried to provide an SDD comprising Compound 1 and HPMCAS-HG using tray dryer at temperature range of 15−45° C.

Example 3. Purity by HPLC for Solid Dispersion Comprising Amorphous Compound of Formula (I)

Table 1 displays purities measured by HPLC for solid dispersions each comprising an amorphous form of the compound of Formula (I). Each lot (Lot 1, Lot 2, Lot 3, and Lot 4) was prepared according to the process outlined in Example 1.

TABLE 1
Solid dispersions comprising an amorphous
form of the compound of Formula (I).
Lot Number	Lot 1	Lot 2	Lot 3	Lot 4
Appearance	White	White	White	White
	powder	powder	powder	powder
Identification	Rep 1:	Rep 1:	Rep 1:	Rep 1:
(HPLC)	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
	Rep 2:	Rep 2:	Rep 2:	Rep 2:
	99.9%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Assay	24.8	24.9	24.9	24.9
(% w/w)
Solid	PXRD	Absence of	Absence of	Absence of	Absence of
Form		crystallinity	crystallinity	crystallinity	crystallinity
		no more	no more	no more	no more
		than 4%	than 4%	than 4%	than 4%
		(LOD = 4%)	(LOD = 4%)	(LOD = 4%)	(LOD = 4%)
	Tg (° C.)	125	125	Not Tested	125
Compound 2	0.14	0.13	0.13	0.13
(% w/w
with respect
to Compound
1 weight)
Compound 3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
(% w/w
with respect
to Compound
1 weight)
Water	0.26	0.52	0.59	0.40
Content
(% w/w)
Acetone	1837	1642	1552	711
(ppm)
Particle	D10: 5	D10: 5	D10: 6	D10: 5
Size (μm)	D50: 15	D50: 14	D50: 15	D50: 14
	D90: 32	D90: 29	D90: 30	D90: 29
Tapped	0.44	0.43	0.43	0.42
Density
(g/mL)
Legend: LOD: Levels of Detection

Example 4. Stability Studies of Amorphous Forms of the Compound of Formula (I) in Solid Dispersions

Studies of amorphous forms of the compound of Formula (I) in solid dispersions are described. Tables 2(a)-(c) describe these studies for samples (Lot 5, Lot 6, and Lot 7) prepared according to the process of Example 1 at the indicated time points, including the conditions (temperature and relative humidity) applied, glass transition temperature (T_g), evaluation of crystallinity by XPRD, and determination of the amount of Impurity A in the samples. The studies show that a solid dispersion comprising an amorphous compound of Formula (I) is surprisingly highly stable, showing no polymorphic conversion to crystalline forms under rigorous conditions of high relative humidity and high temperature.

TABLE 2 (a)
Studies of Lot 5 prepared according to the process of Example 1.
		Time	Solid Form	Tg	Impurity
SDI Lot	Condition	Point	by PXRD	(° C.)	A (%)
Lot 5	NA	Initial	Absence of	122	0.13
prepared			Crystallinity
according			(LOD = 4%)
to steps	5° C.	1 Month	Absence of	124	0.15
outlined			Crystallinity
in			(LOD = 4%)
Example	25° C./60%		Absence of	123	0.17
1	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	123	0.34
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	125	0.37
	RH Open		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	5° C.	3 Month	Absence of	125	0.14
			Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	25° C./60%		Absence of	125	0.21
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	0.64
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	0.76
	RH Open		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	5° C.	6 Month	Absence of	125	0.14
			Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	25° C./60%		Absence of	125	0.25
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	1.10
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	1.26
	RH Open		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	5° C.	12	Absence of	124	0.13
		Month	Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	25° C./60%		Absence of	123	0.31
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)

TABLE 2 (b)
Studies of Lot 6 prepared according to the process of Example 1.
		Time	Solid Form	Tg	Impurity
SDI Lot	Condition	Point	by PXRD	(° C.)	A (%)
Lot 6	NA	Initial	Absence of	124	0.15
prepared			Crystallinity
according			(LOD = 4%)
to steps	5° C.	1 Month	Absence of	124	0.17
outlined			Crystallinity
in			(LOD = 4%)
Example	25° C./60%		Absence of	124	0.18
1	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	0.35
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	125	0.39
	RH Open		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	5° C.	3 Month	Absence of	125	0.16
			Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	25° C./60%		Absence of	125	0.22
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	126	0.65
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	125	0.76
	RH Open		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	5° C.	6 Month	Absence of	125	0.16
			Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	25° C./60%		Absence of	124	0.27
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	1.06
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	1.15
	RH Open		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	5° C.	12	Absence of	125	0.14
		Month	Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	25° C./60%		Absence of	124	0.32
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)

TABLE 2(c)
Studies of Lot 7 prepared according to the process of Example 1.
		Time	Solid Form	Tg	Impurity
SDI Lot	Condition	Point	by PXRD	(° C.)	A (%)
Lot 7	NA	Initial	Absence of	124	0.14
prepared			Crystallinity
according			(LOD = 4%)
to steps	5° C.	1 Month	Absence of	125	0.16
outlined			Crystallinity
in			(LOD = 4%)
Example	25° C./60%		Absence of	124	0.17
1	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	0.34
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	125	0.37
	RH Open		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	5° C.	3 Month	Absence of	125	0.15
			Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	25° C./60%		Absence of	125	0.20
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	125	0.63
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	125	0.75
	RH Open		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	5° C.	6 Month	Absence of	124	0.14
			Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	25° C./60%		Absence of	124	0.25
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	1.05
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	40° C./75%		Absence of	124	1.24
	RH Open		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	5° C.	12	Absence of	124	0.13
		Month	Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)
	25° C./60%		Absence of	124	0.31
	RH Closed		Crystallinity
			(LOD = 4%)

In an aspect, an amorphous compound of Formula (I) is characterized by x-ray diffraction substantially as depicted in FIG. 1. Described herein is an amorphous compound of Formula (I). the amorphous form may be characterized by an amorphous “halo” PXRD pattern; an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted by FIG. 1, and combinations of this data. The amorphous compound of Formula (I) can be prepared by the process of dissolving the compound of Formula (I), spray drying the solution of the compound; and drying the spray dried compound.

Example 5. Solubility Studies of Solid Dispersion Comprising an Amorphous Form of the Compound of Formula (I)

Solubility of a solid dispersion of amorphous Compound 1 (25%)/HPMCAS-HG as prepared in Example 1, at select pH values was evaluated. In particular, Table 3 displays the kinetic solubilities of crystalline Compound 1 and a solid dispersion of amorphous Compound 1 (25%)/HPMCAS-HG at select pH values. Table 3 demonstrates a significant enhanced solubility of the solid dispersion as compared to a crystalline form of compound 1

TABLE 3
Kinetic solubilities of crystalline Compound 1 and solid
dispersion comprising amorphous form at select pH.
	Kinetic Solubility
	(μg/mL)
	Crystalline	Amorphous 25% Compound 1/
pH	Compound 1	HPMCAS-HG
2	6	178
6.5	1	120
Kinetic aqueous solubility of Compound 1 at 25° C. in a Crystalline or Amorphous SDI Solid Form as a Function of pH

Example 6. Pharmacokinetic Studies of a Spray Dried Dispersion of Compound 1

Studies comparing the pharmacokinetics of crystalline Compound 1 and solid dispersion of amorphous Compound 1 (25%) as prepared in Example 1 were conducted in rats. The dose in both studies were 10 mg/kg (Compound 1 basis). Rats were administered Crystalline Compound 1 as an oral suspension in a vehicle of 20% Captisol/0.4% HPMC at pH 2. Rats were administered amorphous Compound 1 as an oral suspension using in a 0.5% Methocel vehicle. The results of the study are shown in Table 4, which demonstrates an unexpected enhanced pharmacokinetic profile for the solid dispersion.

TABLE 4
Pharmacokinetic data.
	Crystalline Compound	Amorphous Compound
Parameter (units)	1 free base	1 (25% in SDD)
Tmax (hr)	1.67	4.00
Cmax (ng/mL)	20.2	437
AUC(0−t) (ng · hr/mL)	111	2570
AUC(0−∞) (ng · hr/mL)	131	2584
t1/2 (hr)	8.76	3.43
Pharmacokinetic parameters for Compound 1 after oral administration of the crystalline Compound 1 free base to Rats;
Pharmacokinetic parameters for Compound lafter oral administration of amorphous 25% spray dried dispersion (SDD) to rats.

Example 7. Preparation of Tablets

A spray-dried dispersion of Compound 1 and HPMCAS-HG as in Example 1 is initially blended with all intra-granular components, except the lubricant magnesium stearate, in a suitable diffusion mixer (bin blender, or equivalent). The initial preblend is de-lumped through a screening mill (such as a comil, or equivalent) and re-blended (pre-lubricant blending) before the addition of magnesium stearate and blending (post-lubricant blending). The final blend is compressed into tablets using a suitable power assisted rotary tablet press The compositions of exemplary tablets comprising 25 mg Compound 1 or 50 mg Compound 1 are provided below in Tables 5 and 6, respectively. In Table 5, the spray-dried intermediates of Tablets 1, 2, and 3 were each prepared by the process of Example 2. In Table 6, the spray-dried intermediate of Tablet 4 was prepared by the process of Example 2, and the spray-dried intermediate of Tablet 5 was prepared by the process of Example 1.

TABLE 5
Exemplary tablets containing 25 mg Compound 1.
		Formulation Batch
Component	Function	Tablet 1	Tablet 2	Tablet 3
		% Blend
Intragranular Excipients
25% Compound 1:	Active	16.67%	16.67%	16.67%
HMPCAS-HG
Microcrystalline cellulose	Bulking	37.67%	38.17%	32.67%
(Avicel PH101)	agent
Lactose	Filler	37.67%	38.17%	32.67%
monohydrate
(Lactose 310)
Croscarmellose sodium	Disintegrant	6.00%	NA	6.00%
(Ac-Di-Sol®)
Crospovidone	Disintegrant	NA	5.00%	NA
(PVP-XL:
polyvinylpyrrolidone)
70/30 TPGS/Cabosil	Solubilizer	NA	NA	10.00%
Silicon dioxide	Glidant	0.50%	0.50%	0.50%
(CabOSil® M5P)
Magnesium stearate	Lubricant	0.50%	0.50%	0.50%
Extragranular Excipients
Silicon dioxide	Glidant	0.50%	0.50%	0.50%
(CabOSil® M5P)
Magnesium stearate	Lubricant	0.50%	0.50%	0.50%
Tablet Characterization
Total Tablet Weight		600 mg	600 mg	600 mg
Solid Fraction		~87.6%	~87.2%	~94.7%
Tensile Strength (MPa)		1.95	2.00	1.98
Disintegration Time (min: sec)		0:20	0:10	2:24

TABLE 6
Exemplary tablets containing 50 mg Compound 1.
			Composition
			Tablet 4	Tablet 5
			Weight	Weight	Tablet 4	Tablet 5
Component	Function	Grade	%	%	(mg)	(mg)
Spray-dried Intermediate
Compound 1	Active	In house	8.42%	8.33%	50.0	50.0
HPMCAS-HG	Dispersant	NF	25.25%	25.0%	150.0	150.0
Intragranular (IG) Excipients
Microcrystalline	Bulking	NF	30.13	29.84%	179.0	179.0
cellulose (Avicel	agent
PH101)
Lactose	Filler	NF	30.13	29.83%	179.0	179.0
monohydrate
(Lactose 310)
Crospovidone	Disintegrant	NF	5.05%	5.0%	30.0	30.0
(PVP-XL:
polyvinylpyrrolidone)
Silicon dioxide	Glidant	NF	0.5%	0.5%	3.0	N/A
(CabOSil ® M5P)
Silicon Dioxide	Glidant	NF	0.5%	0.5%	N/A	3.0
(Syloid 244FP)
Magnesium	Lubricant	NF	0.5%	0.5%	3.0	3.0
stearate
Extragranular Excipients
CabOSil ® M5P	Glidant	NF	0%	0.5%	3.0	N/A
(colloidal silicon
dioxide)
Silicon Dioxide	Glidant	NF	0.51%	0.5%	N/A	3.0
Magnesium stearate	Lubricant	NF	0%	0.5%	3.0	3.0
Total	100%	100%	600	600.0
NF = National Formulary; USP = United States Pharmacopeia; N/A = Not utilized with the specified formulation.

Example 8. Dissolution Testing of Tablets

Tablets manufactured using the process and formulation described in Example 7 were subjected to dissolution testing using the dissolution apparatus instrument parameters described in Table 7 and the HPLC instrument parameters for analysis of dissolution samples in Table 8.

TABLE 8
Dissolution.
Apparatus             USP Apparatus 2 (Paddles) with or
                      without automated sampling apparatus.
Vessels               1-L dissolution vessel
Paddle Stirring Speed 75 ± 3 rpm
Medium Temperature    37.0° C. ± 0.5° C.
Sample Size           One tablet per vessel, 6 tablets total.
Dissolution Medium    0.25% (wt/v) sodium lauryl sulfate in 10
                      mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.5.
Medium Volume         900 mL

TABLE 9
HPLC Analysis of Dissolution Samples.
HPLC System          Suitable RP-HPLC equipped with
                     a UV detector and data system
Column               Zorbax Bonus RP,
                     3.5 μm, 4.6 mm × 50 mm
                     (Agilent), or equivalent
Column Temperature   30° C.
Auto Sampler         Ambient
Temperature
Flow Rate            1.0 mL/min
Injection Volume     10 μL
Detection            UV at 252 nm
Acquisition Run Time 8 minutes (isocratic)
Mobile Phase         65:35:0.1 (v/v/v) water:
                     acetonitrile:formic acid
Post-Analysis        Post-analysis column wash shall be
Column Wash          performed in accordance with
                     testing site procedure

A study of the test attributes of exemplary 50 mg Compound 1 tablets (DOE 1, DOE 2, DOE 3, and DOE 4), including dissolution % released as a function of time using the dissolution method described above. FIG. 2 summarizes the dissolution profile of each tablet studied in Table 10.

TABLE 10
Tablet Attributes
Tablet Attributes
		DOE 1	DOE 2	DOE 3	DOE 4
Average	Beginning	601 (0.6)	601 (0.6)	607 (0.8)	602 (0.9)
Tablet	End	600 (0.6)	599 (0.7)	602 (0.8)	600 (0.9)
Weight
(mg)
(% RSD)
Friability	Beginning	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.01
(%)	End	0.06	0.00	0.02	0.00
Dis-	Beginning	0:16	1:34	0:16	1:23
integration	Middle	0:18	1:37	0:17	2:01
(min:sec)	End	0:16	1:36	0:17	2:02
Assay	97.3	97.6	98.8	98.4
Compound 2	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.14
(% w/w with
respect to weight
of Compound 1)
Uniformity	AV	2.9	3.6	2.8	1.9
of Dosage	% RSD	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.6
Dissolution	5 min	50	34	41	31
% Released	10 min	70	54	62	51
(n = 12)	15 min	81	67	74	65
	20 min	87	75	82	73
	30 min	93	86	91	84
	40 min	96	91	94	90
	60 min	97	96	97	96

Further, Table 11 shows dissolution and other attributes of three exemplary batches of 50 mg Compound 1 tablets manufactured with the process described in Example 7 (Tablet 5). Spray-dried intermediates were manufactured in accordance with the procedure in Example 1. Dissolution % release was measured using the dissolution testing method described above.

TABLE 11
Exemplary batches.
Tablet Batch No.	1	2	3
Tablet	Number of	220	240	170
Weight	tablets
(mg)	Overall	602	601	595
	Average
	Overall	1.3	1.3	1.4
	% RSD
	Average of	590-612	584-614	584-610
	10 Tablets
Friability (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0
Disintegration (min:sec)	00:35	00:27	00:36
Assay	100.5	99.9	98.0
	Compound 2	0.2	0.2	0.2
	(% w/w)
	Compound 3	0.3	0.2	0.2
	(% w/w
	with respect
	to weight of
	Compound 1)
	Total Impurities	0.5	0.4	0.4
	(% w/w with
	respect to weight
	of Compound 1)
Water Content %	3.5	3.4	3.4
Solid Form by XRPD	Absence of	Absence of	Absence of
	crystallinity	crystallinity	crystallinity
	(LOD = 6%)	(LOD = 6%)	(LOD = 6%)
Dissolution	5 min	46	44	40
%	10 min	69	67	62
Released	15 min	82	79	75
(n = 6)	20 min	88	87	83
	30 min	95	93	91
	40 min	97	96	95
	60 min	98	97	97

Example 9. Preparation of Compound of Formula (III) Reference Standard

3-(5-amino-2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1-ethyl-7-(methylamino)-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (40 g), phenyl isocyanate (30 g, 2.7 equiv.), pyridine (3 eq) and methanesulfonic acid (1 eq) were combined in a solvent comprised of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (10 vol) and tetrahydrofuran (5 vol). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 7 days with occasional addition of additional 0.1-0.2 eq of phenyl isocyanate (0.1-0.2 eq) to obtain crude 1-(3-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-5-(3-phenylureido)phenyl)-1-ethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-7-yl)-1-methyl-3-phenylurea wet cake. The crude wetcake was crystallized from 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (4 vol) and methanol (8 vol) to obtain 57 g of 1-(3-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-5-(3-phenylureido)phenyl)-1-ethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-7-yl)-1-methyl-3-phenylurea. MS m/z: 629 (M+1). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 11.44 (s, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.29 and 8.27 (d, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.72 and 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.59 and 7.57 (d, 2H), 7.45 and 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.34-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.06-6.97 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 1.27-1.23 (t, 3H).

EQUIVALENTS

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific embodiments described specifically herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A pharmaceutically acceptable tablet for orally delivering 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

2. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 1, comprising less than about 3% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

3. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 1, comprising less than about 1% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

4. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 1, comprising about 0.1% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

5. A pharmaceutically acceptable tablet for orally delivering 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

6. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 5, comprising less than about 3% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

7. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 5, comprising less than about 1% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

8. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 5, comprising about 0.1% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

9. A pharmaceutically acceptable tablet for orally delivering 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

10. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 9, comprising less than about 3% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

11. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 9, comprising less than about 1% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

12. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 9, comprising about 0.1% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

13. A pharmaceutically acceptable tablet for orally delivering 50 mg of a compound represented by Formula (I):

14. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 13, comprising less than about 3% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

15. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 13, comprising less than about 1% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).

16. The pharmaceutically acceptable tablet of claim 13, comprising about 0.1% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of the compound represented by Formula (II) based on the weight of the compound of Formula (I).