The present invention relates to the technical sector of apparatuses and methods for production of electrical energy, in particular apparatuses and methods based on the Faraday-Neumann-Lenz law. This law relates to electromagnetic induction and establishes that when the flow of the magnetic field through the surface delimited by an electric circuit is variable over time, an induced electromotive force is generated that is equal to the opposite of the flow time variation.
Apparatus for production of electrical energy are known, which actuate relative methods for the production of electrical energy, in which a magnet of a system of magnets is placed in relative motion with respect to one or more coils, externally of the coils, generating an induced electromotive force, but these devices do not have a high performance in terms of electrical energy produced with respect to the electrical energy spent in moving the magnet or the system of magnets for the production of electrical energy. The dynamo illustrates an example of these apparatuses for production of electrical energy.
So there remains the need to increase the performance of the present apparatus for production of electrical energy, in particular for enabling fruitful domestic use. Thus there emerges a need to produce electrical energy, in particular as an alternative to electric turbines, also at the domestic level.
The main aim of the present invention consists in reducing and/or obviating the above-cited disadvantages with respect to the apparatuses and methods for electrical energy production of known type.
In particular, the main objective of the present invention is to obtain high energy performance.
A further objective of the present invention consists in providing an apparatus for production of electrical energy which gives high performance and needs low input energy.
A further aim of the present invention is to provide apparatuses and methods for production of electrical energy which are of small dimensions, simple and reliable and which have relatively modest costs with respect to the objectives that are to be attained, enabling virtually all potential customers to produce electrical energy.
These aims and objectives are attained with the apparatuses and methods according to the independent claims, in particular with a first type of embodiment of the apparatus for energy production according to claim 1, with a first type of embodiment of the method for energy production according to claims 8, with a second type of embodiment of the apparatus for energy production according to claim 3, and with a second type of embodiment of the method for energy production according to claim 10.
In accordance with the first embodiments and actuation, by activating the rotation shaft in a first direction and with a relative rotation velocity, a rotation is caused, at least partial of the secondary magnet, the poles of which are appropriately arranged with respect to the longitudinal rotation axis. This rotation contemporaneously generates a magnetic repulsion force between the secondary magnet in rotation and a first primary magnet an attraction force between the secondary magnet in rotation and a second primary magnet, following the first primary magnet. The forces generated cause a movement of the support element with respect to the support structure in a second direction, opposite the first direction, causing a variation of the magnetic field generated by the plurality of primary magnets and a consequent induced electromotive force in each coil of the plurality of coils.
As the primary magnets are fixed to the support element, the first and the second primary magnet cannot move away autonomously from the secondary magnet in rotation. Therefore the repulsion force causes a movement of the support element, which is solidly constrained to the primary magnets, with respect to the support structure in a second direction, opposite the first direction of rotation of the secondary magnet. This causes a variation of the magnetic field generated by the plurality of primary magnets and a consequent induced electromotive force in each coil of the plurality of coils. For this reason, differently to the devices for the production of energy in which the primary magnets directly move, according to the first embodiment and actuation of the invention only the secondary magnet moves in rotation, which is small and light and thus less energy is required to move it, and it is the secondary magnet which causes the movement of the plurality of secondary magnets which in turn generate an induced electromotive force in the electrical coils (9). Consequently, by virtue of the low quantity of energy required for moving the secondary magnet in rotation, a better energy performance can be obtained with respect to the prior art.
Note that a technical expert in the sector reading the present patent application is perfectly able to reproduce the invention as defined in claims 1 and 8. This is because on the basis of the intensity of the magnetic field (i.e. the density of the magnetic flow) of the primary magnets, the arrangement of the primary magnets along the closed ring line, the magnetic induction of the secondary magnet, the arrangement thereof with respect to the closed ring line, and the arrangement of the relative rotation axis the expert can calculate the rotation velocity of the rotation shaft so that the support element is moved by the repulsion force generated by the rotation of the secondary magnet on at least a primary magnet. Obviously the technical expert in the sector is also able to define any missing parameter from among the following: the intensity of the magnetic field of the primary magnets, the arrangement of the primary magnets along the closed ring line, the magnetic induction of the secondary magnet, the arrangement thereof with respect to the closed ring line, the arrangement of the relative rotation axis and the rotation velocity of the rotation shaft, in order to design and realise a production apparatus of the first type of embodiment starting from the remaining available parameters.
In relation to the second embodiment and actuation of the invention, note that the plurality of the primary magnets longitudinally crosses each coil included and generates, in each coil, an induced electromotive force that is greater than the one that can be generated in the same conditions in the event that the magnets were moved from outside the coils without crossing them longitudinally. Therefore, in this case, the apparatus and the method of the invention has a better performance than what is obtainable with the methods and apparatuses for electrical energy production of known type.
It will be sufficient to carry out a periodic maintenance to prevent excessive wear on the moving parts to prevent a deterioration in the performance of apparatus according to the invention.
The characteristics of the invention will be described in the following in which some preferred but not exclusive embodiments will be described with reference to the actuation of the method for the production of electrical energy and embodiments and apparatus for the production of electrical energy according to the invention with reference to the appended tables of drawings, in which:
In some figures the “magnetic poles” indicated as “positive” are labelled with a “+” and magnetic poles indicated as “negative” are labelled with a “−” (see
With reference to the figures, reference numeral 1 denotes an apparatus 1 for production of electrical energy according to the invention.
In a relative first type of embodiment (see
wherein the primary magnets 17, the secondary magnet 18, the arrangement of the primary magnets 17 and the secondary magnet 18, the arrangement of the relative magnetic poles, and the rotation velocity of the rotation shaft 21 are predisposed so that, by activating the rotation shaft 21 with the rotation velocity and in a relative first direction to at least partially rotate the secondary magnet 18, a magnetic repulsion force is generated between the secondary magnet 18 in rotation and a first primary magnet 17 and so as to generate a contemporary attraction force between the secondary magnet 18 in rotation and a second primary magnet 17 following the first primary magnet 17 such as to cause a movement of the support element 16 with respect to the support structure 15 in a second direction, opposite the first direction, causing a variation of the magnetic field generated by the plurality of primary magnets 17 and a consequent electromotive force induced in each coil of the plurality of coils.
In a preferred embodiment, the rotation means 20 are configured to totally rotate the rotation shaft 21 about the relative longitudinal axis, advantageously several times consecutively.
The apparatus 1 actuates a first type of embodiment of actuation of the method for the production of electrical energy of the invention which comprises following steps:
In the apparatus for production of electrical energy according to the invention, the secondary magnet 18 is preferably solidly constrained to the rotation shaft 21 with the relative south pole arranged, with respect to the rotation axis, on an opposite side to the relative north pole. This is because, in this way, a better performance can be obtained.
Likewise, it is preferable in the first type of realisation of the method for it to include the secondary magnet 18 with the relative rotation axis interposed between the relative south pole and the relative north pole.
According to a preferred embodiment, the secondary magnet 18 is set in total rotation, advantageously many times consecutively.
For constructional reasons, the closed ring line 44 is advantageously circular or oval, preferably circular.
Alternatively the rotation means 20 can comprise a relative electric motor 20, preferably fueled by a battery 22. The battery 22 is preferably rechargeable and also connectable to a source of energy (not illustrated) by means of a relative electrical wire 51. According to preferred embodiments, the battery 22 can be recharged at least partially by at least one of the electrical coils included in the apparatus 1 by means of a further electrical wire 53. Alternatively the rotation means 20 can comprise an internal combustion engine, an external combustion engine, a fuel cell, an externally-geared hydraulic motor or a molecular motor.
In the first type of embodiment, the longitudinal rotation axis is preferably arranged perpendicularly to a plane passing through the closed ring line.
The closed ring line 44 is advantageously circular or oval, preferably circular.
Preferably the apparatus 1 for production of electrical energy preferably has a relative initial configuration wherein the shaft is not activated and wherein the closed ring line 44 has the relative maximum interaction portion 2 (see
With reference to the figures see
The intensity of magnetic field of the secondary magnet 18 is advantageously about the same as that of the secondary magnets. In preferred embodiments of the invention this intensity of magnetic field is about 1.3-1.7 Tesla. The intensity is more preferably 1.4-1.6 Tesla.
In a relative second type of embodiment (see
The movement means 23 can comprise a relative motor 23, which can be electrical 23, preferably fueled by battery 22. Alternatively the rotation means 23 can comprise an internal combustion engine, an external combustion engine, a fuel cell, an externally-geared hydraulic motor or a molecular motor.
The movement means 23 preferably comprise a pin 24 activated in rotation by the motor and bearing a distal end couplable to a series of internal recesses present on the internal annular surface of the annular support 16 in closed ring in order to move the pin, by setting it in rotation about a relative central axis.
The battery 22 is preferably rechargeable and also connectable to a source of energy (not illustrated) by means of a relative electrical wire 51. According to preferred embodiments, the battery 22 can be recharged at least partially by at least one of the electrical coils included in the apparatus 1 by means of a further electrical wire 53.
The second type of embodiment of the apparatus 1 actuates a second type of embodiment of the method of the invention which comprises following steps:
It is preferable that in the first type of relative embodiments of the apparatus 1 and in the first type of embodiment for actuation of the method of the invention, the support element 16 is an annular support element 16 in a closed ring shape and each electrical coil 19 of the plurality of electrical coils comprises a relative plurality of relative electrical windings which surround a transversal section of the annular support element 16. In this way, given same primary magnets 17 and the relative arrangement thereof, given same coils and the relative arrangement thereof; given same movement velocity of the secondary magnet 18, a greater induced electromotive force and therefore it is possible to obtain a greater energy performance of the apparatus 1 according to the invention (see
For constructional motives, the annular support element 16 can be formed by one or more pieces fixed to one another, for example by two half-rings.
Obviously in both the first and second types of embodiments of the apparatus 1 of the invention when the windings of the electrical coils 19 surround a transversal section of the annular support element 16, and this is stationary or in movement, there is not contact between the annular support element 16 and/or primary magnets 17 and the coils.
In both the first and the second type of embodiment of the apparatus 1 for production of electrical energy according to the invention, it is preferable that the support element 16 is a circular annular support element 16 which has: a relative rotation axis which is central; and a relative internal annular surface 25 defining an internal annular groove 26 (see
The circular annular support element 16 is advantageously arranged vertically with freedom to rotate with respect to a horizontal axis thereof and the rotation axis of the rolling elements 27 is horizontal.
This embodiment allows the rolling elements 27 to be wheels, rollers, spheres and bearings, preferably wheels.
Two rolling elements 27 are advantageously included, preferably two wheels, fixed diametrically to the circular annular support element 16 with the relative idle rotation axes along a horizontal plane. In this way the friction between the circular annular support element 16 and the rolling elements 27 is minimal.
In this case the support structure comprises a first fixed arm 13 arranged along a diameter, preferably horizontal, of the circular annular support element 16 having two longitudinal ends rotatably constrained to a different rolling element, and a second fixed arm 14, perpendicular to the first fixed arm 13 distally fixed to the centre of the first fixed arm 13.
According to alternative preferred embodiments, in both the first and second type of embodiment of the apparatus 1 for the production of electrical energy according to the invention, the annular support element 16, preferably circular, is vertical and the support structure 15 comprises:
In accordance with further relative alternative preferred embodiments, not illustrated, in both the first and second type of embodiment of the apparatus 1 for the production of electrical energy according to the invention the annular support element 16 is a circular annular support element 16 which is arranged horizontally and which has: and a relative rotation axis which is central and vertical; and a relative lower external surface defining a lower annular groove which is coaxial to the circular annular support element 16, wherein the apparatus 1 further comprises: at least three rolling elements 27, wherein each rolling element is fixed idle to the support structure 15, at a relative rotation axis that is: horizontal and arranged along a radius of the circular annular support element 16, wherein each rolling element of the plurality of rolling elements 27 is at least partially inserted in the lower annular groove in order to connect the circular annular support element 16 to the support structure 15 enabling movement thereof with respect to the support structure 15, in rotation about the relative rotation axis when the rotation shaft 21 is activated.
The rolling elements 27 are preferably three, and are arranged at a radial distance of 120° from one another, or can be four and arranged at a radial distance of 90°. These rolling elements 27 can comprise wheels, rollers, spheres and bearings, and are preferably wheels. In this embodiment too, the rotation axis of the shaft is preferably perpendicular to the circular annular support element 16.
According to still further alternative preferred embodiments, in both the first and second type of embodiment of the apparatus 1 for the production of electrical energy according to the invention, the support element 16 is an annular support element 16 that is horizontally arranged and which comprises a relative internal annular surface having a plurality of recesses or through-holes arranged, preferably one following another, along a relative closed ring line, wherein the apparatus 1 further comprises a plurality of cogged wheels 30, wherein each cogged wheel 30 of the plurality of cogged wheels 30 is fixed idle to the support structure 15, at a relative vertical rotation axis, and is at least partly engaged with at least a recess 31 or through-hole 31 of the plurality of recesses or through-holes in order to fix the circular annular support element 16 to the support structure 15 enabling movement thereof with respect to the support structure 15 when the rotation shaft 21 is activated (see
In this embodiment, the annular support element 16, which can be circular or oval, can be a conveyor belt or a conveyor chain constituted by one or more links 33, 33′ linked to one another in sequence, i.e. one link to the next (see
On the other hand,
In preferred embodiments, the annular support element 16 can be constituted by a transmission chain for vehicles.
The apparatus 1 for energy production of the invention preferably comprises a casing defining a relative external housing with, inside the housing, a pressure of lower than atmospheric pressure. In this way the friction between the support element 16 and the air is reduced and the energy performance further increased.
The apparatus 1 for energy production comprises at least 6-8 electrical coils 19, preferably made of a copper wire.
Purely by way of example, an apparatus 1 for energy production as illustrated in
It is understood that the above has been described by way of example and that technical-functional variants are considered to fall within the protective scope of the invention as claimed in the following.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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102019000002279 | Feb 2019 | IT | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/IB2020/051241 | 2/14/2020 | WO | 00 |