Patent Application
20220072284
The present invention is enclosed in the area of multi-way urethral catheters, which are suitable for draining urine or blood from the bladder of a patient.
The formation of clots within the bladder is a major problem in medicine and, until now, has not been solved. Clot formation occurs by the presence of blood within the bladder, either in catheterised or non-catheterised patients, after surgery (urological or otherwise) or in other contexts.
The number of causes of bleeding into the bladder is varied, from very frequent and serious tumours of the bladder, kidneys or ureters, to benign diseases, also very common, such as prostate diseases, lithiasis (urinary stones), infections, other diseases of the kidneys and ureters, systemic diseases like haematological disorders and secondary to several treatments and medicines, among others. This type of haemorrhage is almost universal in the postoperative period of multiple urological surgeries.
This problem occurs both in the hospital/inpatient setting and in the outpatient setting, outside the health facility setting (i.e. with outpatients), resulting in many patients having to be treated and catheterised as a result of bleeding.
Many are the cases in which patients are catheterised because they cannot urinate, but also as many are the other medical situations where such devices are required—for example, to measure the amount of urine produced. Presently, patients are being given medications to fight the formation of thrombi (which cause strokes), such as antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants. These drugs further contribute to urinary haemorrhage and an increased risk of clot formation and clogging of catheters.
An additional, unsolved, problem is the frequent and recurrent obstruction of the catheter (catheters for bladder drainage, to drain the urine inside this organ), specifically the clogging caused by clots in these catheters, which consist of a major cause of suffering to the catheterised patient, namely severe pain and discomfort due to bladder distension. This clogging significantly increases the risk of trauma to the urinary tract and infection, by the manipulation which the clearing of the clot in the catheter requires, namely by means of vesical washing, instillation of liquid into the bladder, replacements of catheter, etc.
This seemingly simple problem consumes countless resources, both from health professionals (doctors and nurses, operating assistants) and from equipment, devices and accessories. It consists, moreover, of a cause of pronounced suffering of the affected patients (by stopping the correct emptying of the bladder and sensation of repletion that is thereby caused), with intense pain.
This problem also increases the risk of hospital infection, the length of hospital stay, and of the number and severity of associated complications. By increasing the time patients are bedridden, the number of manoeuvres and manipulations related to the catheter (such as continuous and manual washes) triggers the risk of thromboembolic complications, infectious, traumatic complications for the urinary tract and consumption of medicaments, among others.
Catheters which provide for active drainage of the bladder are known in the art, namely three-way catheters as that of the solutions disclosed in patent application US 2006/0064065, in which an instillation liquid is provided through the catheter and into the bladder, such liquid and the contents of the bladder then exiting the bladder through one or more drainage openings formed in the catheter and connected to another of the ways. Such catheters also apply the principle of the Foley catheter (as is also the case of the solutions of US 2006/0064065), in which a balloon formed in the tube of the catheter is filled, so that the tip of the catheter remains in position, inside the bladder, during operation.
However, such catheters do not provide for a correct and efficient drainage of the bladder, especially in cases of bleeding inside the bladder, that is, when, regardless of the cause, there is blood in this organ, which may lead to the formation of clots.
The multi-channel tube and catheter of the present invention, by means of the innovative and differentiating features, overcome such issues, facilitating a continuous and abundant elimination of both the liquid inside the bladder and any small clots that form in the bladder.
It is therefore an object of the present invention a tube for a urethral catheter (1) comprising at least three channels, wherein:
The tube of the present invention thereby limits urinary stasis/stagnation in the bladder, in particular of blood present therein, preventing the formation of clots and consequent obstruction of the catheter. It enables to drastically reduce the need for medical and nursing care in hospitalized patients, be it in post-operative urological surgeries or in other contexts and clinical situations.
In an advantageous configuration of the tube of the present invention, it further comprises a proximal balloon (5) which consists of a Foley type balloon, the instillation opening (2) being arranged between the two balloons. Thus, the proximal balloon (5) provides that the tip of the tube is correctly maintained in a desired position inside the bladder, while not obstructing the referred operation of the instillation opening (2).
In another inventive aspect of the tube of the present invention, the distal balloon (4) has a shape with a circumferential cross section, and the surface of the distal balloon (4) is striated by a plurality of circumferential grooves and lumps (6) arranged on such surface, the grooves and lumps (6) being longitudinally, circumferentially or spirally arranged. Such shape and striated configuration provide that instillation liquid entering the bladder acquires a swirl movement, in particular a helical movement, by hitting the grooves and lumps (6) longitudinally, circumferentially or spirally arranged in the surface. Preferably, the distal balloon (4) has a substantially conical shape and its least diameter area faces the tube. Such shape provides an enhanced swirl movement of the instillation liquid. Alternatively, and although not efficient but easier to produce, the distal balloon (4) has a spherical shape. The swirl movement allows to highly reduce stasis/stagnation in the bladder.
It is also an object of the present invention a urethral catheter (1) comprising at least three external openings (7) and a tube as of any of the described configurations, each channel of the tube being connectable to one of the external openings (7). Such catheter provides for the advantages described for the tube of the present invention.
The more general and advantageous configurations of the present invention are described in the Summary of the invention. Such configurations are detailed below in accordance with other advantageous and/or preferred embodiments of implementation of the present invention.
In a preferred and inventive embodiment of the tube of the present invention, it comprises only three channels and the two balloons are connected to a same channel, the distal balloon (4) being inflatable at the same time or after inflation of the proximal balloon (5) through such channel. Therefore, a same channel may be used to inflate the two balloons, thus avoiding the (more complicated) formation of an additional channel (for the second balloon) in the tube, which would decrease the section of the tube available for drainage. Alternatively, and although more complicated to produce, it is also possible to provide a tube which comprises at least four channels and the two balloons are connected to two different channels, each of the two balloons thereby being independently inflatable through each of said two different channels.
Preferably, the drainage openings have an oval shape and/or are uniformly arranged/distributed between the two balloons and on the circumference of the surface of the tube. Between the balloons there may be 2 or 3 orifices. In case of two orifices, each are separated by 5 to 10 mm, on opposite sides of the catheter, with their centre 180° apart from each other (seen from a sectional view of the catheter). In case of 3 orifices, their centre are 120° apart from each other, when seen from a sectional view of the catheter. An additional opening may be located at the tip of the tube (on the centre of the catheter and of the balloon).
Preferably, the material the tube is made of consists of latex, silicone or a silicone polymer, optionally an inert silicone polymer (that is, the same materials the other standard bladder catheters are made of), or other similar materials.
Preferably, the drainage openings (3) are arranged between the two balloons, preferably each instillation opening (2) being arranged between the distal balloon (4) and the drainage openings (3). There may be an additional orifice at the tip of the catheter, within the distal balloon (4).
The catheter of the present invention may take two main configurations as regards the number of external openings (7): it comprises only three external openings (7)—which consist of two inlets and one outlet and the tube is according to claim 6, or it comprises at least four external openings (7)—which consist of three inlets and one outlet—and the tube is according to claim 7.
In an inventive aspect of the catheter of the present invention, it comprises a tube with a distal and a proximal balloon (5), and each inlet which is connectable to the channel of the tube, which in turn is connected to the two balloons has a valve, said valve being such that it has a minimum pressure threshold which prevents any of the balloons from deflating. It thus provides a single inlet/channel for the two balloons. Alternatively, the catheter comprises a tube with a distal and a proximal balloon (5), the external openings (7) and the tube with the balloons being formed in a single piece, or the external openings (7) are separated from the tube with the balloons, and are connectable to the tube with the balloons.
As will be clear to one skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments described herein, and a number of changes are possible which remain within the scope of the present invention.
Of course, the preferred embodiments shown above are combinable, in the different possible forms, being herein avoided the repetition all such combinations.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 115232 | Dec 2018 | PT | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2019/060923 | 12/17/2019 | WO | 00 |
