Patent Application
20230286735
This invention relates to storage container for liquids and other bulk materials and in particular to a deployable large container for the storage of potable water in remote areas. It also relates to a method of erecting such a container.
It is a sad truth that in many of the less developed areas of the world there is only limited access to potable water. People without access to clean and safe water run the risk of contracting many diseases. Similar risks are present in areas where the normal sources of water have been contaminated such as in the aftermath of a natural or man-made disaster.
A need therefore exists to provide for large storage containers which can be easily taken to a site, often across difficult terrain, in a compact form, and then deployed into its final shape with the minimum of tools and skills required. The container must be stable as a large volume of potable water is extremely heavy and durable.
Conventional large storage containers are bulky as they are manufactured as rigid units. This makes them unsuited for shipping to hard reach areas. An alternative is the onsite fabrication of metal or concrete storage containers but this requires a lot of equipment and skilled labour. A concrete structure would conventionally require a large formwork to be constructed which is a skilled task and requires a lot of material such as timber that may not be at hand. Fabricating from steel is a specialist and dangerous task.
EP0465354 discloses an emergency shelter that has a flexible sheet, the periphery of which is weighted down, e.g. by a water-filled chambers. The shelter is formed by blowing air under the flexible sheet, which causes the centre of sheet to rise and form a space underneath it that can accommodate people. Air must be blown continuously under the sheet to maintain this inflated state.
U57717296 discloses a water tank having walls formed of fabric impregnated with PTFE to make it waterproof. The tank may be filled with water and transported on a vehicle to its destination, where the water is discharged and then the tank is collapsed for storage.
WO2005/124063 discloses an emergency shelter that includes a fabric that has been impregnated with cement. Like EP0465354, air can be blown under the fabric to form a dome. Water is then sprayed over the fabric, causing the cement to set. Once set, the dome is self-supporting and air pressure underneath can be released to provide a space underneath the dome suitable for accommodating people.
WO2010/086618 and WO2007/144559 (also published as EP2393970 and EP2027319) both disclose cement-impregnated fabrics that can be set by spraying the fabric with water. These fabrics can be used to form shelters as disclosed in WO2005/124063 or by draping the fabric over a framework and spraying the fabric with water. It can also be used to reinforce river banks, to repair pipes and to form pipes. It also discloses the use of the fabric to form a waterproof lining for the containment of water, e.g. a pond, canal lining, water storage or sceptic tanks. However, all these water-containment applications rely on the use of a support, which is generally the ground, i.e. the water containment is in a hollow in the ground and there is no disclosure of a water containment application where the walls of a water container are self-supporting.
According to a first aspect the invention provides an inflatable storage container for liquids or other bulk materials with the features recited in claim 1. Optional and/or preferable features are set out in the dependent claims.
The applicant has appreciated that an inflatable container capable of holding liquid would be especially suitable for solving the problems of storage of liquids in hard-to-reach places and in emergencies.
Specifically, the container may comprise:
The container may be configured so that once the water-settable material has set, a self-supporting container or tank is formed. The container may be installed above ground. The container may provide sufficient stability for the storage of a liquid such as potable water. The walls may be self-supporting. The walls may prevent the container from collapsing once they have set rigidly.
The perimeter wall and base shall be continuous apart from any required inlet and outlets for ingress and egress of liquid and, where chosen, a separate sealable inlet for use when inflating the container. The deployed container therefore defines a suitable volume for containing liquid.
The container may comprise a third portion defining a lid that closes an upper edge or top of the perimeter wall to seal the container during inflation. In this case all three portions each may define a part of the skin of an inflatable chamber.
The lid may be removable once the container has set rigid after inflation and hydration of the water-settable material, or may form a permanent part of the finished container. Where removable, it may have only a temporary utility in sealing the air tight chamber and may be absent in the final erected container.
The third portion may include an access hatch for access to the interior once inflated, which may be sufficiently large for a worker to enter the container. For instance, it may have be a circular hatch with a diameter of at least 450 mm.
The second portion may define substantially vertical walls once the container has been inflated, that may be located entirely above ground or at least partially buried.
The first, second and third portions may together define a single interior chamber for receiving air for inflation and for storing liquid once deployed. This may define a volume that is approximately equal to the volume of the exterior of the container, maximising the storage volume through the use of relatively thin walls and base.
The perimeter wall and base may be constructed at least in part from common pieces of material, for instance with some of the material forming part of the base and also part of the walls. Alternatively, they may be separate but integrally formed pieces of material.
The perimeter wall most preferably is connected along a lower edge to an outermost perimeter of the base. Fastening portions may extend from the base that allows it to be pegged out into position.
The container may further include means for transferring liquid into and out of the container. For example, this may comprise a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet that connects an interior of the container to the exterior. Each inlet may be releasably opened and closed, for instance using a valve or cap.
The invention therefore provides a solution to the rapid and simple construction of large volume containers in areas of most need, such as in areas that have been contaminated.
The second portion may further include an inner layer of water impermeable material that isolates the cloth from the interior of the inflatable chamber.
The inner layer may comprise a geotextile material. In one convenient arrangement the inner layer may comprise a food grade material such as flexible polyvinyl-chloride sheet. An example that may be used is the material sold under the brand name Alkorplan 35053 by Renolit Iberica S. A which is suitable for use with potable water.
The base may also include an inner layer of the same material. The base and walls together form a water tight chamber once inflated.
The base and the cover and optionally the lid may each also comprise at least one layer of cloth that has been impregnated with a water settable material.
The base and cover may each also comprise an inner layer of water impermeable material.
The applicant has appreciated that a water-settable material including cement based material works well under compression, but in the case of a container for liquid the container will in use be acting under considerable tension.
After the water-settable material has set, the storage container may be self-supporting when installed above ground, i.e. the walls will themselves be self-supporting.
The container may further comprise a reinforcement structure that acts under tension when the container is filled with liquid.
The reinforcement structure may comprise one or more cables.
The cables may comprise elongate wound fibres of synthetic material which extend continuously around the perimeter wall.
The cables may comprise stainless steel cable.
As an alternative to cables, the reinforcement may comprise panels of additional material that are fixed to the perimeter wall. These panels may be located in regions of high expected stress.
The reinforcement structure may be flexible allowing it to be folded into various shapes when the container has yet to be deployed.
The reinforcement structure may be located entirely within the inside of the inflatable chamber.
It may be fixed to the inner layer of at least one of the first portion, second portion and third portion.
Alternatively the reinforcement structure may be embedded within one or more of those portions. For instance, it may be embedded between two layers of a portion.
In a further alternative, the reinforcement structure may be located outside of the inflatable chamber. It may be located partially inside and partially outside for example.
The perimeter wall of the inflated container may be circular when viewed in plan.
The reinforcement structure may define one or more substantially horizontal circular hoops that extend around the wall.
Preferably there are two, or three, or more hoops each spaced apart vertically when the container is inflated.
The reinforcement structure may comprise inelastic material so that when placed under tension the structure does not stretch and hence prevents bursting of the perimeter wall.
The container may also comprise a support structure comprising a plurality of elongate substantially rigid rods that are oriented substantially vertically to help support the inflated structure against vertical loads. The support structure may be shaped to support the lid portion so that it will not pool with water. Of course, whilst the support structure will give added support to the container, the walls will themselves be self-supporting and provide the main feature for preventing the collapse of the container once they have set rigidly.
The rods may be bendable without the use of tools to conform to the inner shape of the container and may comprise fibre glass poles. Such poles are relatively inexpensive and light.
One or more of the rods may extend up from the base, along the inside of perimeter wall, across the top, and back down the inside of an opposing section of the perimeter wall to form an inverted u-shape or rotated c-shape.
The supporting structure may elevate a centre most region of the top above the level of the perimeter wall to prevent ponding of rainwater on the top of the deployed container.
The reinforcement structure and the support structure may be located inside the inflatable space.
In a preferred arrangement the hoops are threaded through loops of material secured to the inner layer of the perimeter wall. These loops may be thermally bonded to the inner layer, and may comprise the same material as the inner layer although different material may be used.
The water-settable material may comprise a water-settable mixture sandwiched between at least two layers of cloth. At least one layer of the cloth may be a felt material.
The water settable material may be cement based, most preferably quick setting cement. This may be mixed with aggregate such as stone and sand is as known to the person skilled in the structure of a concrete mix. Reinforcing fibres may also be added to the mix. The perimeter wall may comprise one layer, or multiple layers, of material.
A particularly suitable material is that developed by Concrete Canvas Ltd, Cowbridge Road, Talbot Green, Pontyclun, CF72 8HL, UK that is called Geosynthetic-Cementitious-Composite Mats (GCCMs). Various arrangements of such a material are disclosed in their European patents No. EP2393970B1 and EP 2027319B1 the teachings of which are incorporated by reference.
Portions of the deployable storage container may in a pre-deployment state be folded to fit within a footprint that is no larger in area than the base, and preferably a smaller area than that. This is especially beneficial where the container has a large capacity, for instance 10,000 litres or more, and would if preformed be too bulky to transport efficiently.
The folding of the portions may be implemented in a manner that enables a smooth inflation of the container as air is introduced into the air tight chamber.
Most preferably the folded container, prior to the settable material having been set, may have a footprint that fits within the outline of a standard 1 meter by 1 meter shipping pallet or another size such as a standard 2 meter by 1 meter shipping pallet.
In a deployed condition the container will be self-supporting, and should be designed so that it has sufficient strength to withstand being completely filled with a liquid such as potable water.
The inlet and outlet may be separate or may be combined as a single port fitted to the container. They are preferably fitted into a lower region of the perimeter wall of the deployed container.
The container may include an air inlet valve which enables the inflatable chamber to be inflated using air or any other suitable gas. Inflation by filling with liquid may be possible but the use of a gas is much preferred as the material will not be stable prior to setting and a large container full of liquid could place considered stress on the material and make it difficult to achieve the desired inflated shape.
In an alternative the inlet or outlet valve may be adapted to also permit the inlet of gas for inflating the chamber.
The deployable container of the invention is very well suited to the storage of bulk materials in the form of liquids, and in particular potable drinking water. Because it is inflatable it may be easily deployed in less developed areas or disaster zones as it can be easily transported and easily assembled with few tools.
For a large sized container, for instance able to hold 40000 litres or more of liquid, the base may comprise two or more panels of material that are welded together during manufacture. Of course the base could be made in a single unified sheet if the material is available.
A container in accordance with the invention would be suited to a wide range of additional applications beyond the storage of potable water including but not limited to:
The container may also be used for non-liquid storage such as soil, grains and more.
In an embodiment the inflatable storage container comprises a gas inlet valve which enables the inflatable chamber to be inflated using air or any other suitable gas.
According to a second aspect the invention provides a method of deploying a deployable storage container according to the first aspect comprising:
The method may optionally including adding further reinforcement structure to the container before or after the settable material has set.
The method may comprise accessing the interior of the container through an access hatch at the top of the container to position the poles.
In a still further aspect the invention provides in combination a container according to the first aspect and an inflation system suitable for inflating the container to form its final deployed shape prior to the water-settable material having set.
There will now be described, by way of example only, to embodiments of a deployable storage container for liquids with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
As shown in
The perimeter wall 4 is joined along a lower edge to the circular base 5 to form a cylinder that is substantially vertical. The lid 1 covers the top of the cylinder and is joined along an outer circumference to a top edge of the perimeter wall.
The base 5 determines the shape the product will follow at the moment of inflation. For manufacturing and technical reasons a circular shape is preferred but not essential.
The perimeter wall 4, and in this example also the base portion 5, each comprise at least one layer of cloth that has been impregnated with a water-settable material. This material will be flexible prior to deployment allowing the container to be folded up into a compact package.
The three portions together form an airtight chamber 101 that can be inflated, and this is used as the method of deployment of the folded container 100. When under pressure the chamber will expand to open up the perimeter walls and raise the lid. In this state, the water-settable material can be soaked in water and left to set. Once set, the pressure in the chamber can be released and the container will be self-supporting.
The perimeter wall comprises an inner layer. In this example, the perimeter wall comprises a single layer of CC Hydro™ that is both air tight and water tight. This is bonded to the outer layer of the wall. This is shown in detail in
The wall 4 of the tank will contain the liquid, such as potable water, inside the chamber 101 and also needs to withstand the pressure generated by the water. To resist pressure in the chamber once full of potable water from bursting the walls, a set of five stainless steel hoops 3 are provided that form a reinforcement structure. More, or fewer, may of course be used depending on the size of the container and materials used and so on. These are offset vertically along the wall and extend continuously around the inner layer. They are bonded in place by threading through loops thermally bonded to the inner layer of the perimeter wall. These hoops, being of an inelastic material, can prevent the walls being expanded and will hence stop the container from bursting. They can best be seen in
Also, the reinforcement structure helps constrain the expansion of the material during inflation to obtain a specific shape and form. Another way to improve the tension resistance of the wall is adding more layers of geomembrane to increase the thickness of the wall, therefore, adding rigidity.
A suitable material that may be used for the walls may be as described in EP2393970 and also in EP (2027319) and can be purchased from Concrete Canvas limited under the brand name Hydro.
Due to the thickness of the wall 4 (CCH5=5 to 6 mm) and the height of the wall (h=2 m for a convenient 4000 litre tank form) the material can suffer from bulking. The weight of the lid and wind can make the walls collapse. Therefore, the container has an additional support structure in the form of added fiberglass poles 2 to provide vertical reinforcement. In this example as shown in
The support structure is able to help maintain the form of the container but is not sufficiently strong as to take the full weight of the container walls and lid. This strength is provided by the perimeter wall under a generally compressive (vertical) loading.
To accommodate the functionality of the tank the perimeter wall 4 incorporates a set of standard tank accessories and fittings 9, 10, 11 and 12 in
As well as the standard tank fittings, a further inlet 12 is located towards the top of the wall or in the lid portion. This has two functionalities. During the inflation system it helps connecting the inflation system with the interior of the container. Then, when the container is under use it has an overflow functionality to avoid the container from over loading with water.
In a first step the package is unpacked at or close to its final installation position. An inflation system, such as the pump 6, hose 7 and nozzle 8 shown in
The air pressure can then be released by detaching the inflation system and the internal fibre glass poles installed by entering through an access hatch in the lid (not shown), the interior can then be cleaned and is ready for use.
The inflation components have the only purpose to deploy the tank to reach the shape and form needed, as well as, stabilizing the structure whilst the 24-hour hardening process is happening.
The flowchart of
The skilled reader will appreciate that the container of the invention can be used to provide a community-led approach to water management in rural communities by providing an innovative air-deployed, ready-to-use concrete water tank manufactured with a filled concrete fabric that requires little skill to deploy and has a small packed volume prior to deployment. When hydrated the container transforms into a unified concrete shell body that ensures the durability, resistance, and reliability of the product. When folded and packed, it can be transported in a standard pallet, and when the user executes the simple deployment procedure, it can reach a volume of up to 40 000 litres or more, creating a permanent concrete tank that will be ready to use in just 24 hours. Its modularity and transportability help users to strategize the usage and location of their water-related infrastructure to maximize efficiency and convenience for almost any application (storage, distribution, and even sewer water) without any technical help or construction contractors.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010799.1 | Jul 2020 | GB | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2021/051816 | 7/14/2021 | WO |
