Invention relates to an open vertical wind tunnels for simulating a free fall sky diving, especially to the assemblies in the vertical wind tunnels for straightening an air flow generated by rotation of a propeller about a vertical axis to provide air flow as straight as possible for enabling the simulation of free fall conditions and for attenuating a noise created by a propeller and wind flow.
The prior art includes various open vertical wind tunnels. Great Britain patent application publication No. 2 290 484 discloses skydiving simulator consisting of a wheeled transportable trailer or vehicle of open box design containing; power unit, propeller, air correction vanes, air permeable trampoline walk net and with platform decking sections that unfold to form a horizontal floor immediately surrounding the vertical air column produced by the machine. U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,352 discloses a ground level skydiving simulator apparatus comprising a collapsible air containment unit for directing air upwardly there through to enable a user or users to be supported by the airstream in simulating skydiving activities. The air containment unit is provided on a movable platform, such as a flatbed trailer, with all or substantially all components of the apparatus being mounted thereon. Similar open vertical wind tunnels are also disclosed in European patent publication No. 1 937 381 and in Great Britain patent publication No. 2 288 772.
Regarding noise reduction solutions, the prior art includes various flow straightening and/or noise attenuating assemblies. U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,439 discloses a means for linearizing an open, vertically directed air flow, which includes a vertical cylindrical element mounted above a propeller and a plurality of radially oriented vertically planar guide vanes supported at their radially outside ends in such a manner that ambient air can flow radially inward below and above the propeller. Additionally, a second set of shorter radial guide vanes is provided in alternation with the vanes that are connected to the cylindrical element. Similar flow straightening assemblies are disclosed in the UK patent application publication No. 2 290 484 and UK patent publication No. 2 288 772.
The aim of the invention is to design an open vertical wind tunnel with improved noise characteristics—lower noise levels without compromising flight performance or power of a fan assembly.
The aim is reached by designing an open vertical wind tunnel that comprises: a frame structure; a power unit with a fan assembly installed in said frame structure; a flow straightening assembly that in addition of straightening an air flow also absorbs noise generated by the power unit and the fan assembly; a flight platform disposed above the flow straightening assembly; and sound attenuating panels disposed around the vertical wind tunnel.
The frame structure is basically made of steel or any other metal columns and beams arranged in such a manner as to be able to receive the power unit and support the flow straightening assembly and other elements above thereof. At least some sections between columns and/or beams of the frame structure may be filled with a sound absorption material and said filled sections are covered by perforated metal plates. Said perforated metal plates provide noise reduction in a lower part of the vertical wind tunnel and enclosed sound absorption material provides further reduction of noise generated by the power unit and fan assembly.
The power unit is attached to the frame structure by means of adjustable brackets. The brackets are adjustable relative to the frame structure, therefore allowing levelling of the power unit within the frame structure and the vertical wind tunnel. Attachment points of the power unit may also be used as lifting points of the power unit to ease assembling/disassembling of the open vertical wind tunnel.
The power unit may be electrical motor or internal combustion engine depending on the use of the vertical wind tunnel. The fan assembly is attached to the driving shaft of the power unit via a hub. The fan assembly comprises a hub, a flywheel, blades and a blade fixation block. The flywheel and blade fixation block may be an integral part to which the blades are attached. The flywheel is used as a load bearing structural element for connecting the blades to the shaft of the power unit and as a safety internal mass for emergency when the vertical wind tunnel is suddenly shut down or turned off.
The flight platform comprises a safety cushion positioned above the flow straightening assembly. The flight platform may comprise additional safety elements such as vertical guard net disposed around the safety cushion. The vertical guard net encompasses the flight platform creating the so-called flight chamber. The vertical guard net may be inclined outwards of the vertical wind tunnel.
The flow straightening assembly comprises a vertical cylindrical housing and a central cone disposed within thereof and guide vanes disposed between the vertical cylindrical housing and the central cone.
The vertical cylindrical housing is mounted above and coaxially with the fan assembly of said vertical wind tunnel. A flight stage is located above said vertical cylindrical housing. The inner surface of the vertical cylindrical surface, which faces the central cone disposed within, may be inclined and perforated. Accordingly, the guide vanes have inclined side, which is to be attached to the inclined surface of the cylindrical housing. The perforated inner surface of the cylindrical housing works as a noise reducing element. Moreover, the hollow volume of the cylindrical housing may be filed with sound absorbing or attenuating material for further noise reduction.
The central cone is disposed within and coaxially with the vertical cylindrical housing. The central cone may be truncated cone. Moreover, the central cone may have perforated lateral surface to reduce a noise generated by the power unit and the fan assembly. The hollow volume of the central cone may be filed with sound absorbing material for further noise reduction.
The plurality of guide vanes is radially oriented and vertically disposed. The guide vane is attached to an inner surface of the vertical cylindrical housing and the lateral surface of the central cone. The guide vane comprises a curved leading section and a straight trailing section. Aim of the curved leading section is to straighten the air flow generated by the propeller, wherein an aim of the straight trailing section is further to straighten the air flow received from the curved leading section and reduce a noise generated by the fan assembly and the air flow. Both sections are integral parts of the guide vanes, in a result of which aero-dynamical losses are significantly reduced. The airflow runs smoothly from the curved leading section to the straight trailing section. The curved leading section comprises a leading edge that is also slightly curved so that said edge can receive a whirling airflow from a propeller of the fan assembly and guide it along the curved leading section further to the straight trailing section, in result of which the turbulent airflow from the propeller is straightened. The guide vane, especially at the curved leading section, is aerodynamically formed to be able to receive airflow from the propeller and straighten said airflow so that it is parallel to the straight trailing section of the guide vane.
The guide vane comprises a beam structure, which is covered by the perforated sheet metal. A shape of the perforations may be generally in a form of circle or ellipse. The skilled person may choose different form of perforations, for example a hexagon or any other shape. The diameter or extent of perforation hole depends on length of a sound wave generated by the power unit and/or the fan assembly. The leading edge may not be covered by the perforated sheet metal in order not to disturb an upcoming airflow from the propeller.
The guide vane is further equipped with the sound attenuating or absorbing material. The sound absorbing material may be disposed within all volume of the guide vane encompassed by the perforated sheet metal. In another embodiment, the sound absorbing material may be disposed only within the straight trailing section.
The guide vane may have variable cross section. The defined cross section of the guide vane is parallel to the straightened air flow. The cross section of the guide vane increases in the direction towards the central cone. The cross section of the guide vane near the vertical cylindrical housing may be smaller than the cross section of the guide vane near the central cone.
The sound attenuating panels are arranged around the vertical wind tunnel or flight platform. An inwards faced surface of each sound attenuating panel is covered with perforated metal plate. An outwards faced surface of each sound attenuating panel is covered with solid metal plate. An area between perforated metal plate and solid metal plate of the sound attenuating panel is filed with sound absorbing material. Use of both plates as well as the sound absorbing material allows the sound attenuating panel to be as a load bearing structure. The thickness and rate of perforations depends on the acoustic characteristics of the power unit and the fan assembly.
The open vertical wind tunnel further comprises a frame structure 1, a power unit 2 installed in said frame structure 1; a fan assembly 3 and a flow straightening assembly 4 (see
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The guide vane 44 may further comprise a section not covered by perforated metal sheet or non-perforated section 47 of the guide vane 44. The non-perforated section 47 of the guide vane 44 is arranged on a side that is to be connected to the central cone 43. The non-perforated section 47 has attachment points and reduced cross section to ease installation of the guide vane 44 to the central cone 43.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the inventions not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed herein.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/IB2017/051730 | 3/27/2017 | WO | 00 |