Patent Application
20200030280
The disclosure relates to an andrographolide derivative and a method of using the same for treatment or prevention of fibrosis, and more particularly to a 15-methylene-14-deoxy-11,12-dehydro-andrographolide derivative.
Fibrosis is characterized by the excess accumulation of extracellular matrix components, leading to disrupted tissue function in affected organs. Fibrosis can develop in nearly every part of the body, and is an important driver of end-stage organ failure and death in a variety of chronic diseases.
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that has been isolated from the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata. Andrographolide has been studied for its effects on cell signaling, immunomodulation, and stroke, and can be used for anti-bacteria and anti-inflammatory. Till now, there is no reports about 15-methylene-14-deoxy-11,12-dehydro-andrographolide derivatives as an active ingredient for treatment or prevention of fibrosis.
The disclosure provides a 15-methylene-14-deoxy-11,12-dehydro-andrographolide derivative and its applications for treatment or prevention of fibrosis.
The disclosure provides a 15-methylene-14-deoxy-11,12-dehydro-andrographolide derivative represented by Formula (I):
where R1, R2 independently, at each occurrence, represent H or a C1-5alkyl; or R1, R2 independently, at each occurrence, represent H, a phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-chlorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dibromophenyl, 2-fluoro-4-chlorophenyl, 2-bromo-4-chlorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-chlorophenyl, 3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dibromophenyl, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-4-bromophenyl, 2-chloro-4-bromophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-bromophenyl, 3-chloro-4-bromophenyl, 2,3,4-trichlorophenyl, 2-methoxy-4-chlorophenyl, 2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-amino-4-chlorophenyl, 2-amino-4-chlorophenyl, 2-nitro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-nitro-4-chlorophenyl, a C1-5 alkyl substituted phenyl, a halogen and morpholinyl substituted phenyl, a halogen and methylpiperidine substituted phenyl, or N,N-dialkylaminophenyl; or pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, indoyl or halogen-substituted pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, indoyl; or benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzothiazolyl, benzotetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothienyl, or benzoxazolyl; or R1 and R2 are taken together to form a cyclohexyl; R1 and R2 are the same or different, but do not synchronously represent H; R3 and R4 both represent H; or R3 and R4 independently, at each occurrence, represent a methylsulfonyl, a triphenylmethyl, or a 3-pyridyl; or R3 and R4 independently, at each occurrence, represent CH2CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, or CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH; or R3 and R4 both represent COR5, and R5 is a 3-pyridyl, CH2CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, or CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, where R3 and R4 can be the same or different substituent groups.
When one of R1 and R2 is H, the other can be selected from a methyl, ethyl or propyl, phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-chlorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dibromophenyl, 2-fluoro-4-chlorophenyl, 2-bromo-4-chlorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-chlorophenyl, 3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,4 dibromophenyl, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, 3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-4-bromophenyl, 2-chloro-4-bromophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-bromophenyl, 3-chloro-4-bromophenyl, 2-methoxy-4-chlorophenyl, 4-n-propylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-isobutylphenyl, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl, 3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl, 3-fluoro-4-(4-methylpiperazinyl)phenyl, 2-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 6-chloro-3-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 5-chloro-3-indolyl, 6-chloro-2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl; or R1 and R2 are taken together to form a cyclohexyl; R3 and R4 both represent H; or R3 and R4 independently, at each occurrence, represent CH2CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, or CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH; or R3 and R4 both represent COR5, and R5 is a 3-pyridyl or CH2CH2COOH, where R3 and R4 are the same or different substituent group.
When one of R1 and R2 is H, the other can be selected from a phenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-chlorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dibromophenyl, 2-fluoro-4-chlorophenyl, 2-bromo-4-chlorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-chlorophenyl, 3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,4 dibromophenyl, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, 3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-4-bromophenyl, 2-chloro-4-bromophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-bromophenyl, 3-chloro-4-bromobenzene Base, 2-methoxy-4-chlorophenyl; R3 and R4 both represent H; or R3 and R4 independently, at each occurrence, represent CH2CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, or CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH; or R3 and R4 both represent COR5, and R5 is CH2CH2COOH, where R3 and R4 are the same substituent group.
When one of R1 and R2 is H, the other can be selected from a methyl, an ethyl, a propyl, 2-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 6-chloro-3-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 5-chloro-3-indolyl, 6-chloro-2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-n-propylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-isobutylphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-(4-methylpiperazinyl)phenyl, or R1 and R2 are taken together to form a cyclohexyl group, R3 and R4 both represent H.
The compound can be:
A: R1═H, R2═C6H5, R3═R4═H;
B: R1═H, R2=2-F—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
C: R1═H, R2=2-Cl—C6H14, R3═R4═H;
D: R1═H, R2=2-Br—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
E: R1═H, R2=3-F—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
F: R1═H, R2=3-Cl—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
G: R1═H, R2=3-Br—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
H: R1═H, R2=4-Cl—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
I: R1═H, R2=4-F—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
J: R1═H, R2=4-Br—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
K: R1═H, R2=4-CH3O—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
L: R1═H, R2=2-CH30-4-Cl—C6H3, R3═R4═H;
M: R2═H, R1=2-Br—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
N: R2═H, R1=3-Cl—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
O: R2═H, R1=2-F-4-Cl—C6H3, R3═R4═H;
P: R2═H, R1=2, 4-diCl-C6H3, R3═R4═H;
Q: R2═H, R1=4-F—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
R: R2═H, R1═C6H5, R3═R4═H;
S: R1═H, R2=3-F-4-Cl—C6H3, R3═R4═H;
T: R1═H, R2=2, 4-diF-C6H3, R3═R4═H;
U: R1═H, R2=3, 4-diCl-C6H3, R3═R4═H;
V: R1═H, R2=4-Cl—C6H4, R3═R4═COR5, R5=3-pyridyl;
W: R1═H, R2=4-Cl—C6H4, R3═R4═CH2CH2COOH;
X: R1═H, R2=4-Cl—C6H4, R3═R4═COR5, R5═CH2CH2COOH;
Y: R2═H, R1=4-Cl—C6H4, R3═R4═H;
Z: R2═H, R1=4-Cl—C6H4, R3═R4═COR5, R5=3-pyridyl.
a. R1═CH3, R2═CH3, R3═R4═H;
b. 15-cyclohexylidene-14-deoxy-11,12-dehydro-andrographolide; R3═R4═H;
c. R1═H, R2=3-F-4-(4-methylpiperazine group)-C6H3, R3═R4═H,
d. R1═H, R2=
R3═R4═H;
e. R1═H, R2=
R3═R4═H;
f. R1═H, R2=
R3═R4═H;
g. R1═H, R2=
R3 ═R4═H;
h. R1═H, R2=
R3═R4═H;
i. R1═H, R2=
R3 ═R4═H;
j. R1═H, R2=
R3 ═R4═H;
k. R1═H, R2=
R3 ═R4═H.
The compounds a-k are characterized as follows:
a:C23H32O4; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.98 (s, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J=15.7, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.21 (d, J=15.7 Hz, 1H), 5.50 (s, 1H), 5.12 (s, 1H), 4.30 (s, 1H), 3.94 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), 3.23 (dd, J=10.9, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (s, 2H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.94 (s, 3H) 1.68-1.48 (m, 3H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.26 (dd, J=10.6, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 1.17 (br, 1H), 1.08 (s, 3H), 0.80 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 169.06, 144.93, 137.67, 132.91, 132.57, 126.13, 123.18, 122.65, 122.32, 79.37, 62.99, 60.16, 49.98, 42.11, 38.28, 36.11, 27.82, 23.71, 23.22, 22.68, 18.84, 18.80, 15.99. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C23H32NaO4 [M+Na]+, 395.2198; found, 395.2196.
b:C26H36O4, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J=15.7, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.21 (d, J=15.7 Hz, 1H), 5.50 (s, 1H), 5.12 (s, 1H), 4.30 (s, 1H), 3.94 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (dd, J=10.9, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 2.45-2.36 (m, 4H), 2.01 (s, 2H), 1.59 (s, 6H), 1.57-1.47 (m, 3H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.26 (dd, J=10.6, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 1.17 (br, 1H), 1.08 (s, 3H), 0.79 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 169.15, 142.54, 137.70, 132.59, 132.57, 130.84, 126.33, 122.65, 122.33, 79.37, 62.99, 60.16, 49.97, 42.11, 38.28, 36.11, 28.94, 28.72, 28.16, 27.82, 27.49, 26.08, 23.71, 23.22, 22.67, 15.99. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C26H36NaO4 [M+Na]+, 435.2511; found, 435.2516.
c: C32H41FN2O4; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.52 (dd, J=14.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J=8.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (dd, J=15.7, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=15.7 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (s, 1H), 5.50 (s, 1H), 5.12 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 3.45-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.22 (dd, J=10.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.14-3.06 (m, 4H), 2.51 (s, 1H), 2.49-2.44 (m, 4H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 2H), 1.64-1.49 (m, 3H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 1.25 (dd, J=10.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 1.22-1.13 (m, 1H), 1.08 (s, 3H), 0.80 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.93, 154.54 (d, J=243 Hz), 147.10, 140.65 (d, J=9 Hz), 138.68, 137.17, 132.47, 127.89 (d, J=2 Hz), 127.33 (d, J=8 Hz), 125.61, 122.75, 122.28, 119.53, 119.49, 117.58, 117.36, 112.47 (d, J=2 Hz), 79.37, 62.99, 60.24, 54.94, 49.95, 49.91, 46.20, 42.12, 38.31, 36.21, 27.82, 23.71, 23.22, 22.70, 16.02. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C32H42FN2O4 [M+H]+, 537.3129; found, 537.3129.
d: C26H30ClNO4; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.96 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.48-7.42 (m, 1H), 6.89 (dd, J=15.8, 10.2 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 6.31 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 4.44 (s, 1H), 4.14 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.32-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.47 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (dd, J=12.9, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.74 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 1.61 (dd, J=25.5, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.49-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.24-1.14 (m, 2H), 1.10 (s, 3H), 0.80 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 168.00, 152.75, 150.45, 148.71, 140.47, 136.64, 128.01, 124.09, 110.84, 78.59, 62.64, 60.74, 53.68, 42.39, 36.22, 27.63, 23.15, 23.00, 15.46.
e: C26H31NO4: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.52 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.18-8.164 (m, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.48 (m, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J=16.7, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 6.27 (d, J=16.6 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 4.45 (s, 1H), 4.15 (dd, J=7.4, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (dd, J=10.9, 2.6 Hz, 1H), δ 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.44 (d, J=11.9 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (d, 12 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (t, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 1.74 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.58-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.3 (m, 2H), 1.23-1.18 (overlap, 1H), 1.10 (s, 3H), 0.80 (s, 3H).
f: C29H32ClNO4; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.89 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.5, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J=15.7, 10.1 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.25 (d, J=15.7 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 4.46 (s, 1H), 4.14 (d, J=4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 1H), δ 3.29-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.40 (t, J=11.5 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (t, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), 1.74 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.66-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.18 (dd, J=19.8, 7.6 Hz, 2H). 1.11 (s, 3H), 0.79 (s, 3H).
g: C29H33NO4; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.84 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (ddd, J=14.8, 13.8, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 6.82-6.74 (m, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.24 (d, J=15.7 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (s, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 4.47 (s, 1H), 4.15 (s, 1H), 3.88 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), δ 3.33-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.33 (m, 2H), 1.99 (dd, J=13.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.72 (t, J=13.5 Hz, 1H), 1.60 (dd, J=15.2, 10.3 Hz, 2H), 1.49-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.17 (dd, J=18.2, 8.9 Hz, 2H). 1.11 (s, 3H), 0.79 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 168.67, 148.99, 144.24, 136.22, 136.04, 134.45, 129.52, 126.20, 123.10, 122.45, 121.83, 120.42, 118.59, 112.17, 109.69, 106.98, 78.66, 62.69, 60.86, 53.78, 42.37, 36.26, 27.68, 23.16, 22.99, 15.48.
h: C29H32ClNO4; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.96 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.25 (d, J=15.7 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 4.47 (s, 1H), 4.13 (s, 1H), 3.87 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1H), δ 3.27 (d, J=18.7 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=10.1 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (t, J=10.7 Hz, 1H), 1.74 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H), 1.60 (dd, J=15.6, 10.5 Hz, 2H), 1.41 (m, J=17.2, 13.2, 9.4 Hz, 2H), 1.17 (m, J=20.4, 7.6 Hz, 2H). 1.11 (s, 3H), 0.79 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 168.58, 148.97, 144.44, 136.15, 134.80, 134.54, 130.85, 127.37, 125.13, 123.54, 122.39, 121.77, 118.27, 113.74, 109.51, 108.15, 106.41, 78.65, 62.67, 60.88, 53.77.
i: C25H30O5; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.87 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 6.93-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.85-6.77 (m, 1H), 6.69-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 6.29 (dd, J=23.3, 15.8 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 4.44 (s, 1H), 4.14 (dd, J=7.4, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (dd, J=10.9, 2.6 Hz, 1H), δ 3.31-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.41 (dd, J=21.6, 11.7 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 1.73 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H), 1.66-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, J=14.0, 10.3 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (br, 1H), 1.17 (br, 2H). 1.10 (s, 3H), 0.79 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 168.25, 148.97, 148.82, 146.56, 145.42, 145.21, 136.76, 135.80, 128.34, 126.00, 121.44, 114.86, 113.19, 101.15, 78.60, 62.65, 60.76, 53.71, 42.38, 36.23, 27.63, 26.31, 23.16, 22.99, 15.45.
j: C25H31NO4; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.17 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.10-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.73 (dd, J=15.8, 10.1 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 6.22 (dd, J=14.2, 9.1 Hz, 2H), 5.03 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 4.45 (s, 1H), 4.13 (dd, J=7.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (dd, J=10.9, 2.1 Hz, 1H), δ 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.39 (t, J=11.8 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (dd, J=13.1, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 1.73 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 1H), 1.59 (dd, J=15.4, 10.3 Hz, 2H), 1.50-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.12 (m, 2H). 1.10 (s, 3H), 0.78 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO) δ 168.58, 148.98, 143.12, 136.08, 134.72, 126.18, 123.37, 123.25, 121.66, 114.79, 110.78, 108.14, 104.83, 78.64, 62.67, 60.80, 53.76, 48.57, 42.38, 36.25, 27.65, 23.16, 23.00, 15.47.
k: C31H40O4; s1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (dd, J=15.8, 10.1 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 6.26 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 4.45 (s, 1H), 4.14 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), δ 3.31-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.41 (dd, J=20.9, 11.9 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (t, J=10.6 Hz, 1H), 1.71 (t, J=16.9 Hz, 1H), 1.67-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.29 (s, 9H), 1.24-1.13 (m, 2H), 1.10 (s, 3H), 0.79 (s, 3H).
To study the application effect of the compounds for treatment or prevention of fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells LX-2, as a material, are used to determine the inhibitory effect of the compound of the disclosure on cell migration and activation, evaluating the anti-fibrotic activity of the compounds; furthermore, a SD rat model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, a Wistar rat model of pig serum-induced liver fibrosis and a SD rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis are used as representatives, the anti-liver fibrosis activity of the compounds was evaluated by measuring the collagen content of the liver tissue (Masson's trichrome staining) and the expression level of the HSC activation marker molecule α-SMA. Further, through the CCl4 model, systematic studies have demonstrated the main relevant roles and mechanisms of representative compounds that play a role in anti-fibrosis. The anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity of the compounds was evaluated by using the human alveolar type II cell A549 to study the inhibitory activity of the compound of the disclosure on TGF-β1-induced A549 cells to mesenchymal cells transition. A rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was further used to study the in vivo anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of the compound. The inhibitory activity of the compounds of the disclosure on TGF-beta1-induced HK-2 cell to mesenchymal cell transition was evaluated using proximal renal tubular epithelial cell HK-2, and the anti-renal fibrosis activity of the compounds was evaluated. Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) rat model was further used to study the anti-renal fibrosis activity of the compound of the disclosure. After stimulation of primary cardiac fibroblast HCFB with AngII, the anti-myocardial fibrosis effect of the compounds of the disclosure was evaluated based on the detection of cell proliferation rate.
The cis- and trans-isomers of the compounds have anti-fibrotic activity. Using the compounds as effective pharmaceutical ingredients, or various prodrugs of the compounds, or alone or in combination with other drugs, according to various conventional pharmaceutical methods and process requirements, and after mixing with acceptable and/or added ingredients in pharmaceuticals to form various anti-fibrotic pharmaceutical dosages such as an oral preparation and an injection preparation. Preferably, the medicament is prepared for treating or preventing various types of fibrotic diseases such as liver, lung, kidney, and heart. The oral preparation is a tablet, a pill, a capsule, a granule or a syrup; the injection preparation includes an injection or a freeze-dried powder injection.
The above compounds can fight against the fibrosis of organ and/or tissue. The experiment proves that the compounds of the disclosure can improve anti-liver, anti-lung, anti-kidney and/or anti-myocardial fibrosis compared to the parent compound, andrographolide (AD). Therefore, the use of the compounds for treatment or prevention of fibrosis provides a new concept for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with fibrosis.
The invention is illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are only illustrative of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. The compound is not limited to the representative structure used in the embodiments. For example, a different substituent at the 15-position can be replaced to obtain a compound having anti-fibrotic activity; or various factors inducing fibrosis are used as research objects to demonstrate that the compounds of the disclosure have anti-fibrotic effects; or other in vitro and in vivo research methods (models) are utilized to demonstrate that the compounds of the disclosure have an anti-fibrotic effect.
The Compounds of the Disclosure Inhibit LX-2 Migration in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells
Hepatic stellate cells migrate to the inflammatory site of damaged liver tissue under the stimulation of various inflammatory mediators and growth factors, and further proliferate and activate, in which the synthesis of ECM components such as collagen is crucial to the development of liver fibrosis. The effect of the compound fighting against liver fibrosis are evaluated by a scratch test method.
1. Cell Culture and Drug Treatment
The human hepatic stellate cell LX-2 (provided by Beijing Beina Chuanglian Biotechnology Institute) was used to compared with andrographolide (AD) to determine the in vitro anti-fibrosis effect of the compounds of the disclosure. LX-2 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium containing 10% (V/V) fetal bovine serum, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 100 IU/mL penicillin, and then were incubated in an incubator at 37° C. and 5% CO2, humidified atmosphere.
2. MTT Assay for Assessment of Cytotoxicity
LX-2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% (w/v) trypsin, and diluted into 3.5×105/mL cell suspension with RPMI1640 medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. After each 96-well plate was filled with 200 μL cell suspension per well, the plates were placed in an incubator at 37° C. and 5% CO2 for 24 h. The medium containing different concentrations of the drug was added, and the final concentration of the drug was up to 30.00 μM, and each treatment was repeated in 4 wells. Following 48 h of incubation, each plate was added with 20 μL MTT (5 mg/mL) per well and incubated for 4 h. After the supernatant was discard, 150 μL DMSO was added and shaken for 10 min. Absorbance at 570 nm was measured and reference absorbance was at 450 nm. The cell survival ratio in each well after compound treatment was calculated, and the survival ratio (%)=A value of treatment group/A value of cell control group×100%, and the results were shown in
3. Scratch Test Method to Observe the Effect of Drugs on the Migration of LX-2 Cells.
LX-2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% (w/v) trypsin, and diluted into 1.0×106/mL cell suspension with RPMI1640 medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. After each 96-well plate was filled with 200 μL cell suspension per well, the plates were placed in an incubator for 24 h in order to complete the cell fusion. The original medium was discarded, and the medium with 0.5% serum was added and re-synchronized for 12 h in order to streaking, and the cells were washed twice with PBS. Following the aspiration of 200 μL of RPMI1640 medium containing the test compound (5 μM), photographs were taken under a microscope. Each treatment was repeated in 4 wells and control group was set up. Following 48 h of incubation, the cells were photographed and measured under a microscope. Migration inhibition rate=1−(scratch distance at 0 h in administration group−scratch distance at 24 h)/(scratch distance at 0 h in blank group−scratch distance at 24 h)×100%. The results were shown in
4. Experimental Results
The results of
The Compounds of the Disclosure Reduce the Degree of Liver Fibrosis in SD Rats Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
The liver fibrosis model of rat induced by CCl4 is one of the most commonly used animal models of liver fibrosis. This model shows great similarities with human liver fibrosis including morphology and pathophysiology. This rat model can thus serve as a good model for well simulating the pathological changes of human liver fibrosis, performing the features of toxic and drug-induced liver fibrosis, as well as the similar pathological features after hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. After long-term stimulation of a low dose of CCl4, animals showed abnormal liver function similar to human liver cirrhosis, furthermore, the molecular mechanism of fibrosis, serum markers after injury, and pathological changes of liver tissue were also very similar to humans. Therefore, the model of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 is widely used to study the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, the screening of anti-fibrosis drugs, and the mechanism of anti-fibrosis drugs.
1. Materials and Methods
1) Experimental Animals
Clean-grade Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, healthy, male, body weight 200±20 g, were purchased from Hunan Silaike Jingda Laboratory Animal Co Ltd. (License No. SCXK (Xiang) 2011-0003).
2) Drugs, Reagents and their Preparation
Andrographolide was produced by Sichuan Shifang Jinxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: 120822), purity greater than 99%; the compounds of the disclosure were synthesized in a laboratory, purity greater than 99%; Pharmaceutical grade sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC-Na) was produced by Anhui Sunhere Pharmaceutical Excipients Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: 131114); Marine Capsules, was produced by Zhengda Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: SDA License No.: GUOYAOZHUNZI H20010763). Silibinin Capsules, was produced by Tianjin Tianshili Shengte Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: SDA License No.: GUOYAOZHUNZI H20040299). Drug mixed with 0.5% CMC-Na. CCl4 was produced by Tianjin Kaiji Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Other reagents were commercially available analytical grades.
2. Experimental Methods
SD rats were fed ad libitum for 3 days, and then randomly divided into normal group and model group. Subcutaneous injection of 40% CCl4 of soybean oil to the rats of model group for the first time. Following an initial dose of 4 mL/kg, each subsequent dose was 2 mL/kg, 2 times every week. The corresponding volumes of soy oil were injected subcutaneously to the normal group. After 4 weeks of modeling, except for the normal group, other rats were weighed individually and then randomly divided into eight rats per group. The dosages of andrographolide, oxymatrine, silibinin and the compound A of the disclosure were both 20 mg/kg, and the doses of other compounds were the same molar mass as compound A, and the model group and the normal group were given an equal amount of 0.5% CMC —Na. During the 5th and 6th weeks of the experiment, modeling and administration were carried out simultaneously, furthermore, the modeling was stopped at the 7th and 8th weeks, while the administered continued to carry out. Drugs were administrated by gavage on an empty stomach in the morning every day, and were given daily for 10 days followed by 1-day break. The bedding of the rats should be replaced at the first 8 hours of the last gavage, strictly fasting with nothing but water. After 1 h of administration, an anesthetic of 3% pentobarbital sodium (2 mL/kg) was intraperitoneally injected. The liver was quickly excised after blood collection. The collected blood was allowed to stand in an incubator at 37° C. for 45 min, and then the upper serum was collected by centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 15 min at 4° C. The liver of the lower left lobe of the rat was fixed in 10 times volume of 4% paraformaldehyde fixative, and the fixative was changed after 24 h. Pathological sections were obtained after fixation, and Masson's trichrome staining was then used to observe the degree of liver fibrosis. Image-Pro Plus software performed semi-quantitative analysis of fibrosis histology on the photographs of Masson stained sections. The relative collagen area=(average area of the administration group−average area of the normal group)/(average area of the model group−average area of the normal group)×100%, and the results were shown in
3. Experimental Results
The results of
Compounds of the Disclosure Significantly Reduce the Degree of Liver Fibrosis Induced by Porcine Serum in Wistar Rats.
1 Materials and Methods
1) Experimental Animals
Clean grade Wistar rats, healthy, male, body weigh 140±20 g, were purchased from Nanjing Junke Bioengineering Co., Ltd. (license No. SCXK (Liao) 2015-0001).
2) Drugs, Reagents and their Preparation
Silibinin Capsules, was produced by Tianjin Tianshili Shengte Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: SDA License No.: GUOYAOZHUNZI H20040299). Pig serum, was produced by Guangzhou Ruite Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: 160608). Other test drugs and compounds were the same as in Example 2, and other reagents were commercially available analytical grades. The drugs were formulated as a 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) suspension.
3. Experimental Results
After Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for 3 days, they were weighed individually and then randomly divided into six rats per group. Except for the normal group, other rats were intraperitoneally injected with porcine serum, 1 mL/time, 2 times every week, lasting for six weeks. The same dose of normal saline was injected to the rats of normal group. The experiment was finished until the end of 8th weeks. Drugs were administrated by gavage on an empty stomach in the morning every day, and were given daily for 10 days followed by 1-day break. The preventive administration group (H: 2.5 mg/kg) was administered from the day of modeling. The rats in 50 mg/kg silibinin group, 20 mg/kg andrographolide group, 5 mg/kg compound H group and 10 mg/kg compound H group were administered beginning the 5th week, while the rats in the 20 mg/kg compound H group was administered from the 7th week. The control group and the model group were administered with 0.5% CMC-Na via gavage. The methods of rat liver collection and fixation, serum preparation, pathological section preparation, and Masson's trichrome stain were the same as in Example 2, and the results were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results of
The Compound of the Disclosure Significantly Reduces the Degree of Liver Fibrosis in SD Rats Induced by BDL
1. Materials and Methods
1) Experimental Animals
Clean grade SD rats, healthy, male, body weigh 200±20 g, were purchased from Hunan Silaike Jingda Laboratory Animal Co Ltd. (License No. SCXK (Xiang) 2016-0002).
2) Drugs, Reagents and their Preparation
Ursodeoxycholic acid, was produced by Shanghai Xinyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: SDA License No.: GUOYAOZHUNZI H31021875). Other test drugs and compounds were the same as in Example 2, and other reagents were commercially available analytical grades. The drugs were formulated as a 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) suspension.
3) Experimental Method
After SD rats were fed ad libitum for 3 days, they were weighed individually and were randomly divided into six groups including a sham-operated control group, a model group, two AD control groups (5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg), an ursodeoxycholic acid control group (25 mg/kg), and a compound H group, six rats per group. The sham operation group and the model group were administered with 0.5% CMC-Na via gavage, and the other administration groups were administered 0.5% CMC-Na suspension of the corresponding drug, and the administration lasted for 4 weeks. The bedding of the rats should be replaced at the first 8 hours of the last gavage, strictly fasting with nothing but water. The rats were intramuscularly injected with 80,000 U/mu of penicillin 2 h before gavage, and 3% sodium pentobarbital (2 mL/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 1 h after gavage. After limb immobilization in a supine position, the rats were anesthetized. The abdomen of the rats was shaved and then swabbed with iodine to sterilize the skin regions. The abdomen was opened along the abdominal wall in the midline. The duodenum was pulled upwards and separated from the common bile duct. Double-ligated with 4/0 silk thread and disconnected the common bile duct with a distance of 0.5 cm away from the hepatic hilum. The 3/0 silk thread continuous suture method was used to close the abdomen layer by layer. The wound was rinsed with iodine, and the rats were cultured in a 37° C. warm environment until the animals were fully awake. The control group only performed anesthesia, laparotomy and freed common bile duct, but did not ligate and break the common bile duct. Drugs were administrated by gavage on an empty stomach in the morning every day, and were given daily for 10 days followed by 1-day break. The results of rat liver collection and fixation, serum preparation, pathological section preparation, and Masson's trichrome staining were the same as in Example 2, and the results were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results of
Effect of the Compound of the Disclosure on Serum Indices of Collagen of Liver Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) in SD Rats
In normal liver tissue, collagen is an important component of the sinus interstitial membrane, which is mainly C-I and C-IV. When the liver was damaged, a large amount of collagen and glycoprotein were transcribed, translated and assembled, which is mainly LN, C-I and C-III. Serum LN, C-I, PC-III and C-IV levels were important indicators for the clinical diagnosis of patients with fibrosis.
1. Materials and Methods
The same as Example 2.
The levels of LN, C-I, PC-III and C-IV in the serum of the animals were determined by ELISA using the compound H of the disclosure as a representative. The changes in tissue and serum collagen index were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results showed that the LN and the three collagen contents in the model group were significantly increased compared with the normal group. The treatment group significantly reduced the LN content in the liver tissue, and the high dose group of the compound H of the disclosure was significantly different from the positive drug oxymatrine group. Oxymatrine, AD and the compounds of the disclosure all significantly reduced the content of C-I in liver tissue, compound H decreased the C-I level in a dose-dependent manner; low-dose and high-dose compound H group significantly reduced the level of PC-III in the serum. Especially when the concentration was 20 mg/kg, it was significant compared with the oxymatrine group and the AD group; Oxymatrine, AD and compound H significantly reduced the content of C-IV in the serum, and compound H decreased the serum C-IV level in a dose-dependent manner.
The results of
Effect of the Compound of the Disclosure on Serum IL-6 and TNF-α Levels in Liver Fibrosis of SD Rats Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
Activation of HSC can induce macrophages to produce large amounts of TNF-α, continue to participate in the differentiation of HSC, and also enhance the inflammatory response in the liver. IL-6, which is one of the pro-fibrotic factors, is involved in complex physiological processes such as inflammation, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and regeneration in liver tissue, and is also an effector molecule downstream of NF-κB.
1 Materials and Methods
The same as Example 2.
The level of IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum of the animal was determined by ELISA using the compound H of the disclosure as a representative, the results were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results of
Effects of the Compounds of the Disclosure on the Levels of SOD and MDA in Liver Tissues of SD Rats Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
SOD and MDA are important indicators for evaluating lipid peroxidation. SOD is an antioxidant that inhibits lipid peroxidation caused by free radical initiation, and also scavenges free radicals to protect the integrity of biofilms, and is a sensitive indicator of antioxidant capacity in the body. Lipid peroxidation produces a large amount of MDA, which is proportional to the degree of peroxidative damage to tissues.
1 Materials and Methods
The same as Example 2.
The level of SOD and MDA in the liver tissue of the animal was determined by the compound H of the disclosure, the results were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results of
Compound of the Disclosure Significantly Improved the Inflammatory State of Liver Tissue in SD Rats with Liver Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
1 Materials and Methods
The same as Example 2.
The compound H of the disclosure was selected as a representative, and H&E staining was used to observe the improvement of the immune inflammatory state of the liver tissue by the compound H, and the results were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results of
Compounds of the Disclosure Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Conversion of Human Alveolar Type II A549 Cells to Mesenchymal Cells
Type II alveolar epithelial cells present in the alveoli are stimulated by cytokines such as inflammatory mediators and growth factors. The cell morphology changes from cobblestone to fusiform, completing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and functioning as an interstitial cell. Collagen fibers are further synthesized, but a large amount of collagen fiber deposition can aggravate the course and severity of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.
1. Cell Culture and Drug Treatment
The human hepatic stellate A549 cell (provided by Beijing Beina Chuanglian Biotechnology Institute) was compared with andrographolide (AD) to determine the anti-fibrosis effect of the compound of the disclosure in vitro. A549 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium containing 10% (V/V) fetal bovine serum, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 100 IU/mL penicillin respectively, and then were incubated in an incubator at 37° C. and 5% CO2, humidified atmosphere.
2. MTT Assay for Assessment of Cytotoxicity
A549 cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% (w/v) trypsin, and diluted into 2.5×104/mL cell suspension with RPMI1640 medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. After each 96-well plate was filled with 200 μL cell suspension, the plates were placed in an incubator at 37° C. and 5% CO2 for 24 h. The medium containing different concentrations of the drug was added, and the maximum final concentrations of the drugs were 30.00 μM, and each treatment was repeated in 4 wells. Following 48 h of incubation, other steps were the same as in the Example 1. The results were averaged, as shown in
3. Morphological Observation Method to Detect the Effect of Drugs on EMT of A549 Cells
A549 cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% (w/v) trypsin, and diluted into 2.5×104/mL cell suspension with RPMI1640 medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. After each 96-well plate was filled with 200 μL cell suspension, the plates were placed in an incubator for 24 h in order to complete the cell fusion. The original medium was discarded, and the medium without serum was added and re-synchronized for 24 h in order to streaking, and the cells were washed twice with PBS. Following the aspiration of 200 μL of medium containing the TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL), photographs were taken under a microscope. 3 wells were repeated for each treatment and control group was set up. Following 48 h of incubation, the cells were photographed and measured under a microscope. A total of 5 fields were selected from the three wells treated at the same concentration for each compound, and more than 100 cells were measured. The photos were processed using photoshop CS6 software and the circularity was calculated (Formula e=4π×S/C2, where e represents circularity, S represents area, and C represents perimeter). The results were averaged, as shown in
4. Experimental Results
The results of
The Compounds of the Disclosure Reduce the Degree of Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Bleomycin in KM Mice
Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung injury caused by a variety of reasons, illustrating that the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is very complicated. Different pathogenic factors stimulate inflammation and immune response, involving a variety of cells including vascular endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts and macrophages, and the interaction of various cytokines and inflammatory mediators.
1 Materials and Methods
1) Experimental Animals
SPF grade KM mice, healthy, male, body weigh 20±2 g, were purchased from Experimental Animal Center of Henan Province. (License No. SCXK (Yu) 2015-0004).
2) Drugs, Reagents and their Preparation
Bleomycin hydrochloride injection was produced by Hisun-Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: YBH15562005, SDA License No.: GUOYAOZHUNZI 20055883). Prednisone acetate tablets was produced by Zhejiang Xianyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Batch No.: 170410, SDA License No.: GUOYAOZHUNZI 33021207). Other test drugs and compounds were the same as in Example 2, and the drugs were formulated as a 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) suspension.
3) Experimental Method
After KM mice were fed ad libitum for 3 days, they were weighed individually and were randomly divided into six groups including a sham-operated control group, a model group, a prednisone control group (5 mg/kg), an AD group (250 mg/kg) and two compound H groups (62.5 mg/kg and 250. mg/kg), fifteen mice per group. The mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of 4% sodium pentobarbital (2 ml/kg). After the immobilization in a supine position, the anesthetized mice were prepared. The necks of the mice were shaved and then swabbed with iodine to sterilize the skin regions. An incision with a length of about 1 cm was made along the neck for separating bronchus. After the injection of bleomycin (2 mg/mL) of 50 μL, 150 μL of air was immediately injected. The mice were quickly rotated to evenly distribute the drug solution. The incision was sutured with 4/0 silk thread. The wound was subsequently swabbed with iodine, and the mice rest in a 37° C. warming environment until the animals were fully awake. The sham operation group was injected with the same volume of physiological saline. After 24 h of modeling, the mice were administered by gavage at the same time. The administration method was the same as in Example 2, and the experiment was over after 28 days of administration. The bedding of the mice should be replaced at the first 12 hours of the last gavage, strictly fasting with nothing but water. After administration for 1.5 h, the whole blood from the eyeball was collected. Use of cervical dislocation to euthanize the mice. The lungs of the mice were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde fixative after photographing. Serum preparation, Masson's trichrome staining and statistical methods of results were the same as in Example 2, Masson's trichrome staining and relative collagen area results were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results of
The Compound of the Disclosure Significantly Improves the Inflammatory State of Lung Tissue in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in KM Mice
1 Materials and Methods
The same as Example 10.
The compound H of the disclosure was selected as a representative, and H&E staining was used to observe the improvement of the inflammatory state of the lung tissue by the compound H, and the staining results and pathological scores were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results of
Compounds of the Disclosure Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Conversion of Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells HK-2 to Mesenchymal Cells
Early studies have found that tubular epithelial cells can transdifferentiate to fibroblasts and express their fibroblast-specific protein (FSP1). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells is one of the important pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, after TGF-β1 stimulation, the anti-renal fibrosis effect of the compounds of the disclosure was evaluated by morphological observation.
1. Cell Culture and Drug Treatment
Human proximal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 (provided by the China Center for Type Culture Collection) were used to study the in vitro anti-renal fibrosis effect of the compounds of the disclosure in comparison with andrographolide (AD). HK-2 cells were cultured in DMEM-F12 medium containing 10% (V/V) fetal bovine serum, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 100 IU/mL penicillin respectively, and then incubated in an incubator at 5% CO2 and 37° C., humidified atmosphere.
2. MTT Assay for Assessment of Cytotoxicity
HK-2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% (w/v) trypsin and 0.02% EDTA (W/V), and diluted into 7.0×104/mL cell suspension with DMEM-F12 medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. After each 96-well plate was filled with 200 μL cell suspension, the plates were placed in an incubator at 37° C. and 5% CO2 for 24 h. The medium containing different concentrations of the drugs were added respectively, and the maximum final concentration of the drugs was 30.00 μM, and each treatment was repeated in 4 wells. Following 48 h of incubation, other steps were the same as in Example 1. The results were averaged, as shown in
3. Effect of Drugs on the Morphology of HK-2 Cells after TGF-β1 Stimulation
HK-2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% (w/v) trypsin and 0.02% EDTA (W/V), and diluted into 5.0×106/mL cell suspension with DMEM-F12 medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. After each 96-well plate was filled with 200 μL cell suspension, the plates were placed in an incubator for 24 h in order to generate a single layer of cells. The original medium was discarded, and the cells were washed twice with PBS, and the medium without serum was added. After 24 h of re-synchronized, 200 μL of DMEM-F12 medium containing different concentrations of the test compound and the stimulating factor TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) was added. Each treatment was repeated in 4 wells and control group was set up. After 48 h of incubation, the cells were photographed under a microscope. The morphological changes of partial compounds of the disclosure after administration to cells were shown in
4. Experimental Results
The results of
The results of Tables 1A and 1B and
Control: There was an interaction between epithelial cells, and the intercellular linkage was tight, and the cells were arranged in an interlocking fashion like paving stones. Extremely strong (inhibition): the cells are almost the same as the control. No spindle cells are found in the visual field, the intercellular recovery interaction, and the morphology restores its typical paving stone shape. Strong (inhibition): the invasiveness of the cells was inhibited, and the cells were tight, and the cell state was almost completely recovered, and the spindle fibroblasts were rare. Medium (inhibition): the cell density becomes larger and most of the cells were still in a cubic state.
Control: There was an interaction between epithelial cells, and the intercellular linkage was tight, and the cells were arranged in an interlocking fashion like paving stones. Extremely strong (inhibition): the cells were almost the same as the control. No spindle cells were found in the visual field, the intercellular recovery interaction, and the morphology restores its typical paving stone shape. Strong (inhibition): the spread of the cells was inhibited, and the cells were tightly arranged; the cell state was completely recovered; the spindle fibroblasts were rare. Medium (inhibition): the cell density becomes larger and most of the cells were still in a cubic state.
Compounds of the Disclosure Significantly Reduce the Degree of Renal Fibrosis Induced by Unilateral Ureteral Ligation in SD Rats
Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) rat model is one of the classic models of renal fibrosis. The model is characterized by accumulation of cellular components in the tubulointerstitial, differentiation/proliferation of fibroblast, an increase of ECM deposition, and tubular atrophy. The modeling method is simple, the modeling success rate is 100%, the lesions are uniform, and the reproducibility is good, which can cause fibrosis in a short period of time. In terms of studying the pathogenesis and mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis, it is a relatively fast and reliable animal model. Therefore, the UUO model is widely used in the study of the mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis and the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of improving renal interstitial fibrosis.
1. Materials and Methods
1) Experimental Animals
SPF grade SD rats, healthy, male, body weigh 200±20 g, were purchased from Experimental Animal Center of Henan Province. (License No. SCXK (Yu) 2015-0004).
2) Drugs, Reagents and their Preparation
The source and formulation of andrographolide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the test compound were the same as in Example 2.
3) Experimental Method
After SD rats were fed ad libitum for 3 days, they were weighed individually and were randomly divided into six groups including a sham-operated control group, a model group, an AD group (5 mg/kg) and two compound H groups (0.10 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg), four rats per group. The preoperative preparation and anesthesia method were the same as in Example 4. After the immobilization in a supine position, the anesthetized rats were prepared. The hair from the lower edge of the sternum to the hind limbs were shaved, and then the surgery cloth was spread out and swabbed with iodine to sterilize the skin regions. An incision with a length of about 2 cm was made about 0.2 cm along the lower edge of the sternum. It was easy to extrude the kidney and then pull ureter upwards to separate from donor abdomen. Double-ligated with 4/0 silk thread and disconnected the ureter with a distance of about ⅓ of the ureter from the bladder. After the kidney was sent back to the abdomen, the 4/0 silk thread continuous suture method was used to close the abdomen layer by layer. The wound was swabbed with iodine and wrapped with sterile gauze. Then the rats rest in a 37° C. warm environment until the animals were fully awake. The sham-operated group only freed the ureter but did not ligature or segment. After 24 h of modeling, the rats were administered by gavage at the same time. The administration method was the same as in Example 2, and the experiment was over after 14 days of administration. The bedding of the rats should be replaced at the first 12 hours of the last gavage, strictly fasting with nothing but water. After administration for 1.5 h, 3% barbital sodium (2 mL/kg) anesthetic were intraperitoneally injected to rats. Following the collection of blood, the left kidney was quickly and completely dissected. The kidney weigh and kidney size were subsequently measured. The kidney of rats was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde fixative after photographing. Masson's trichrome staining and statistical methods of results were the same as in Example 2, Masson's trichrome staining and relative collagen area results were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results of
The Compounds of the Disclosure Significantly Improve the Inflammatory State of Renal Tissue in Renal Fibrosis of SD Rats Induced by Unilateral Ureteral Ligation
1. Materials and Methods
The same as Example 13.
The compound H of the disclosure was selected as a representative, and the improvement of kidney tissue inflammatory state by the compound H of the disclosure was observed by observing anatomical kidney and H&E-stained pathological section. The staining results and pathological scores were shown in
2. Experimental Results
The results of
The Compounds of the Disclosure Inhibit Angiotensin II (AngII)-Induced Proliferation of Human Primary Myocardial Fibrosis Cells HCFB
Studies have shown that cardiac fibroblasts are the main effector cells of myocardial fibrosis, and they proliferate when stimulated by active substances such as AngII, and their phenotypes are transformed into myofibroblasts that secrete extracellular matrix. Therefore, the cell inhibition of AngII after stimulation of primary cardiac fibroblast HCFB was examined by MTT assay to evaluate the anti-myocardial fibrosis effect of Compound H of the disclosure.
1. Cell Culture and Drug Treatment
Human primary cardiac fibroblast HCFB (provided by Shangcheng Beina Chuanglian Biotech Co., Ltd.) was compared with andrographolide to study the in vitro anti-myocardial fibrosis effect of the compound H of the disclosure. HCFB cells were cultured in H-DMEM medium containing 10% (V/V) fetal bovine serum (GIBCO, USA: Cat. No. 302220F), 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 100 IU/mL penicillin respectively, and then incubated in an incubator (Binder, Germany) at 5% CO2 and 37° C., humidified atmosphere.
2. MTT Assay for Assessment of Cytotoxicity
HCFB cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% (w/v) trypsin and 0.02% EDTA, and diluted into 5.0×104/mL cell suspension with H-DMEM medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. After each 96-well plate (Costar, USA) was filled with 200 μL cell suspension, the plates were placed in an incubator at 37° C. and 5% CO2 for 24 h. The medium containing different concentrations of the compound AD or H was added. Following 48 h of incubation, each 96-well plate was added with 20 μL MTT (5 mg/mL) and continued to incubate for 4 h. After the supernatant was discard, 150 μL DMSO was added and shaken for 10 min. The mixture was transferred to each well of an Enzyme-Labeled Instrument. Absorbance at 570 nm was measured and reference absorbance was at 450 nm. The cell survival ratio in each well after compound treatment was calculated, and the survival ratio (%)=A value of treatment group/A value of cell control group×100%, and the results were shown in
3. MTT Assay for the Inhibitory Effect of Drugs on the Proliferation of HCFB Stimulated by AngII-Induced Cardiac Fibroblasts
HCFB cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% (w/v) trypsin and 0.02% EDTA, and diluted into 5.0×104/mL cell suspension with H-DMEM medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. After each 96-well plate was filled with 200 μL cell suspension, the plates were placed in an incubator for 24 h in order to generate a single layer of cells. The original medium was discarded, and the cells were washed twice with PBS, and the medium without serum was added. After 24 h of re-synchronized, 200 μL of DMEM-F12 medium containing different concentrations of the test compound and the stimulating factor AngII (10−7 mol/L) was added. Each treatment was repeated in 3 wells, furthermore, H-DMEM medium containing 0.5% DMSO was used as a negative control, and H-DMEM medium containing stimulating factor AngII (10−7 mol/L) and 0.5% DMSO was used as a positive control. Following 48 h of incubation, the cell survival ratio in each well was calculated, the results were shown in
4. Experimental Results
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201710214066.4 | Apr 2017 | CN | national |
| 201810174773.X | Mar 2018 | CN | national |
| 201810174798.X | Mar 2018 | CN | national |
This application is a continuation-in-part of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2018/080776 with an international filing date of Mar. 28, 2018, designating the United States, now pending, and further claims foreign priority benefits to Chinese Patent Application No. 201710214066.4 filed Apr. 1, 2017, Chinese Patent Application No. 201810174798.X filed Mar. 2, 2018, and Chinese Patent Application No. 201810174773.X filed Mar. 2, 2018. The contents of all of the aforementioned applications, including any intervening amendments thereto, are incorporated herein by reference. Inquiries from the public to applicants or assignees concerning this document or the related applications should be directed to: Matthias Scholl P. C., Attn.: Dr. Matthias Scholl Esq., 245 First Street, 18th Floor, Cambridge, Mass. 02142.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CN2018/080776 | Mar 2018 | US |
| Child | 16589101 | US |
