The invention relates to implants within body vessels and more particularly to occlusion devices for small vascular openings such as a neck of an aneurysm.
Vascular disorders and defects such as aneurysms and other arterio-venous malformations are especially difficult to treat when located near critical tissues or where ready access to a malformation is not available. Both difficulty factors apply especially to cranial aneurysms. Due to the sensitive brain tissue surrounding cranial blood vessels and the restricted access, it is very challenging and often risky to surgically treat defects of the cranial vasculature.
In the treatment of aneurysms by endovascular implants, the goal is to exclude the internal volume of the aneurysm sac from arterial blood pressure and flow. As long as the interior walls of the aneurysm are subjected to blood pressure and/or flow, there is a risk of the aneurysm rupturing.
Non-surgical treatments include vascular occlusion devices such as embolic coils deployed using catheter delivery systems. In a currently preferred procedure to treat a cranial aneurysm, the distal end of an embolic coil delivery catheter is initially inserted into non-cranial vasculature of a patient, typically through a femoral artery in the groin, and guided to a predetermined delivery site in a blood vessel within the cranium. The aneurysm sac is then filled with embolic material that causes formation of a solid, thrombotic mass that protects the walls from blood pressure and flow. Preferably, the thrombotic mass substantially restores the original blood vessel shape along the plane of the aneurysm's neck. The neck plane is an imaginary surface where the intima of the blood vessel would be if not for formation of the aneurysm. However, simply utilizing embolic coils is not always effective at treating aneurysms as re-canalization of the aneurysm and/or coil compaction can occur over time.
A bag for use in an aneurysm sac is described by Greenhalgh in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,346,117 and 6,391,037, and an aneurysm neck obstruction device is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,454,780 by Wallace. Detachable neck bridges are disclosed by Abrams et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 6,036,720 and by Murphy et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 7,410,482 for example. Preferably, one or more embolic coils are delivered within or through the neck bridges or other obstruction devices to fill the sac of the aneurysm.
Yet another type of vaso-occlusive device is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,645,558 by Horton as having one or more strands of flexible material which are wound to form a generally spherical or ovoid vaso-occlusive structure when relaxed after being placed in a vascular cavity such as an aneurysm or fistula. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,916,235 by Guglielmi cites earlier patents describing detachable coils and then discloses an expandable cage as a vaso-occlusive structure that can receive and retain one or more coils after the cage is expanded within an aneurysm. A self-expandable aneurysm filling device is disclosed in US Patent Publication No. 2010/0069948 by Veznedaroglu et al.
It is therefore desirable to have a retrievable, repositionable device that cooperates with one or more embolic coils or other vaso-occlusive structure to effectively occlude a neck of an aneurysm or other arterio-venous malformation in a blood vessel.
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved occlusion device which substantially blocks flow into an aneurysm in a blood vessel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide such an occlusion device which can be repositioned or retrieved from a sac of an aneurysm.
This invention features an occlusion device suitable for endovascular treatment of an aneurysm in a blood vessel in a patient, including a substantially tubular structure having a proximal end region and a distal end region, having a first, expanded condition and a second, collapsed condition. The device has dimensions in the second, collapsed condition suitable for insertion through vasculature of the patient and through a neck of the aneurysm. The device further includes a control ring having a substantially annular body disposed on the proximal end region of the structure and at least substantially circumscribing the proximal end region to prevent radial expansion of the proximal end region and to provide an engagement feature during manipulation of the occlusion device.
In a number of embodiments, the control ring defines an inner passage, such as a channel established by an inner sleeve, through which at least one embolic coil is insertable into the aneurysm. Preferably, at least a portion of the proximal end region of the tubular structure defines a plurality of openings having a sufficiently small size to enhance occlusion of the aneurysm. In some embodiments, the tubular structure cooperates with at least one vaso-occlusion structure such as a collapsible cage-like device.
In certain embodiments, the occlusive device is capable of being utilized in combination with a delivery member defining an inner lumen and having a distal end region carrying a grabber having at least two finger elements, each finger element defining a gripping region to mechanically engage the control ring. In one embodiment, the grabber is formed of a metallic material and the gripping regions are notches formed in the finger elements, each notch being sized to mechanically engage a portion of the control ring. The combination may further include a catheter having an inner lumen through which the delivery tube is insertable and translatable relative to the catheter.
This invention may also be expressed as a method of treating an aneurysm in a blood vessel in a patient, the method including selecting an occlusion device with a structure having a substantially tubular structure having a proximal end region and a distal end region, having a first, expanded condition and a second, collapsed condition, and having dimensions in the second, collapsed condition suitable for insertion through vasculature of the patient and through a neck of the aneurysm. The device further includes a control ring having a substantially annular body disposed on the proximal end region of the structure and at least substantially circumscribing the proximal end region to prevent radial expansion of the proximal end region.
In some embodiments, the method further includes mechanically engaging the control ring with a grabber on a delivery tube to enable manipulation of the occlusion device, drawing the occlusion device into a catheter carrying the delivery tube to force the occlusion device into the collapsed condition, inserting the catheter with the occlusion device into vasculature of the patient to reach the region of the aneurysm in the blood vessel, and positioning the occlusion device within the aneurysm.
In certain embodiments, the method additionally includes delivering at least one embolic coil through the delivery tube and through the control ring to secure the occlusion device within the aneurysm to occlude flow into the aneurysm, and mechanically releasing the control ring and withdrawing the catheter and the delivery tube from the patient. In yet other embodiments, the method further includes selecting the occlusive device to be attached to a collapsible cage-like vaso-occlusive structure, and positioning the occlusive device within the aneurysm includes utilizing the vaso-occlusive structure to secure the proximal end region of the tubular structure across the neck of the aneurysm
In what follows, preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and photographs, in which:
This invention may be accomplished by an occlusion device suitable for endovascular treatment of an aneurysm in a blood vessel in a patient, with a substantially tubular structure having a proximal end region and a distal end region, having a first, expanded condition and a second, collapsed condition. The device has dimensions in the second, collapsed condition suitable for insertion through vasculature of the patient, utilizing a catheter such as a microcatheter, and through a neck of the aneurysm. The device further includes a control ring having a substantially annular body disposed on the proximal end region of the structure and at least substantially circumscribing the proximal end region to prevent radial expansion of the proximal end region and to provide an engagement feature during manipulation of the occlusion device.
The control ring is releasably engagable by a releasable feature such as a grabber or at least one frangible member on a delivery member in some mechanical constructions or, in other constructions, by at least one electrolytically severable element. Preferably, the control ring defines an inner passage through which at least one embolic coil is insertable into the aneurysm. In another construction, the occlusion device is held in place within the aneurysm by at least one vaso-occlusive structure such as a cage-like device.
Enlarged views of the distal portion of delivery system 10 and of occlusion device 20 are provided in
After the delivery system 10 is positioned as shown in
Once occlusion device 20 is positioned within sac S, at least one embolic coil 40,
After a sufficient amount of embolic coil 40 has been fully deployed within sac S to anchor occlusion device 20 within aneurysm A, the catheter 12 is withdrawn proximally, as indicated by arrow 51 in
In one construction, the catheter 12 is a polymeric microcatheter defining an inner lumen 11 having an inner diameter of between 0.020 inch and 0.027 inch, the delivery tube 14 has outer diameter that is slightly less than the inner diameter of the catheter lumen 11, and the grabber 30 with occlusion device 20 in the collapsed condition shown in
In some constructions, the delivery tube has at least one region of increased flexibility, especially near the distal end of the delivery tube, to minimize unintended microcatheter movement during translation of the delivery tube relative to the microcatheter. The at least one flexible region is made in one construction by laser-cutting a pattern of interrupted cuts into a medical-grade nitinol (NiTi) tube. In other constructions, a coiled metallic or polymeric cylindrical component and/or a cylindrical section of flexible polymeric material is added to the distal region of the delivery tube. The grabber is created in some constructions by laser-cutting material forming the grabber to create at least two finger elements, each preferably having a notch to enhance gripping of a control ring according to the present invention. In certain constructions, the grabber is integral, that is, is monolithically formed with the same material as the remainder of the delivery tube and, in other constructions, is fixedly attached to the distal end of the delivery tube.
In one construction, the structure 25 of occlusion device 20 is formed of metallic filaments that establish an expandable braided mesh tube. Suitable materials for the filaments include nitinol wires and other biocompatible metals, such as platinum, that will not remain in a collapsed condition after being ejected from a delivery tube. Preferably, at least one platinum wire is included for radiopacity. In other constructions, the structure 25 is formed of at least one polymeric material that does not become “set” in the collapsed condition.
Suitable materials for control ring 22 discussed above, and for control ring 22a and band 22b discussed below in relation to
One technique for manufacturing an occlusion device according to the present invention is illustrated in
In this technique, a spherical mandrel 60 such as a steel ball bearing is inserted through distal region 28a to enlarge and expand the structure 25a in body region 24a. A clamp-like element such as a band 22b is then crimped over distal region 62 to further shape the body 24a. In some techniques, the assembly is heated to set mesh body 24a in the expanded condition.
When two hemispherical occlusion devices are desired, a cut is made along the circumference of mandrel 60, typically equidistant between control ring 22a and band 22b as indicated by dashed line 63, as well as on the opposite sides of control ring 22a and band 22b as shown by arrows 64 and 66, respectively. This technique creates two separate devices 20a and 20b, as depicted in
In alternative techniques, band 22b is removed and mandrel 60,
An alternative occlusion device 20f according the present invention is illustrated in
After a delivery system 10f is positioned as desired relative to aneurysm A, an elongated delivery member 14f is advanced within lumen 11f of catheter 12f to enable occlusion device 20f and vaso-occlusive structure 80 to expand within sac S as shown in
Once vaso-occlusive structure 80 is fully deployed in an expanded condition within sac S, structure 80 presses occlusion device 20f against the interior wall and across the neck N of aneurysm A to secure it in place. In other words, vaso-occlusive structure 80 serves in an expanded condition as a frame or lattice to anchor occlusion device 20f against neck N, and occlusion device 20f, held in place by structure 80, serves as a cover extending at least across neck N, the cover preferably being porous or otherwise defining sufficiently small openings, to enhance occlusion of aneurysm A. Preferably, occlusion device 20f is secured to vaso-occlusive structure 80 by at least one attachment point, being attached to at least one of a portion of the interior surface of device 20f and a portion of the control ring 22f, to maintain an aligned relationship between the device 20f and the structure 80, especially during loading and delivery of structure 80 and device 20f utilizing a delivery cannula.
In certain techniques, if a surgeon or other user desires to substantially fill the interior of sac S, at least one embolic coil is advanced through lumen 15f of delivery tube 14f, through a passage in control ring 22f, and then is advanced into aneurysm A. In other constructions, for use where insertion of one or more embolic coils is not desired, control ring 22f may lack a passage.
In yet other constructions, such as illustrated in
After the delivery system 10g is positioned within blood vessel BV as shown in
Body 24g is formed of a wire mesh or braid in some constructions. In yet other constructions, the body of the occlusive device is a biocompatible film made from one or more polymeric substances. Suitable biocompatible compositions for film material include films or matrices of cellulose, alginate, cross-linked gels, and very thin polymer films of materials such as urethane, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly-lactic acid (PLA) and/or poly-glycolic acid (PGA). The film need not be erodible or bioabsorbable. In some constructions, microscopic pores or other openings are formed in the film having average diameters which are uniform in some constructions and non-uniform in other constructions. The geometric size of the pores is substantially constant along the length of the structure in some embodiments and, in other embodiments, varies along the length. The number of pores is substantially uniform along the length of the structure in some embodiments and, in other embodiments, varies along the length. Other potential materials include polysaccharides, colloidal compounds, and some lipid products. In an alternate configuration, at least the body of the occlusive device is made of a durable, non-erodible, non-bioabsorbable material, such as a solidified urethane foam or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In some embodiments, the material defines openings at least 10 microns in diameter prior to implantation in the patient and has a thickness ranging between 10 microns to 500 microns.
Thus, while there have been shown, described, and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or steps that perform substantially the same function, in substantially the same way, to achieve the same results be within the scope of the invention. Substitutions of elements from one described embodiment to another are also fully intended and contemplated. It is also to be understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but that they are merely conceptual in nature. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Every issued patent, pending patent application, publication, journal article, book or any other reference cited herein is each incorporated by reference in their entirety.
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