This application is the US National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2016/080670 filed Dec. 12, 2016, and claims the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefit of German Application No. DE 102015226566.8 filed Dec. 22, 2015. All of the applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
The invention relates to a gasification burner for a multiple-burner arrangement in an entrained-flow gasifier for operation with fuels in the form of dust or liquid fuels, at pressures between ambient pressure and 8 MPa and gasification temperatures between 1200 and 1900° C., and with a free oxygen-containing gasification medium.
Use is made of gasification reactors with a cooling screen during entrained-flow gasification both with a single combination burner and with multiple single burners. In the case of a combination burner, with increasing reactor power, the mixing of fuel and oxygen becomes increasingly more difficult owing to the increasing gap widths. Consequently, multiple single burners are preferred for large reactors.
The arrangement of the single burners and the swirling of the gasification media when the latter exit at the burner mouth influence the flame shape and the conversion of the fuel, and also the reactor geometry required for this purpose.
Inclined single burners oriented toward the reactor center are advantageous for minimization of the reactor diameter and easier ignitability of the single burners by a centrally arranged pilot burner.
The generation of a direction of rotation of the total flame for optimizing the deposition of slag on the cooling screen wall is difficult in the case of multiple single burners due to the necessarily opposing direction of rotation of the media of adjacent single burners. Single burners which are positioned eccentrically can increase the angular momentum of the total flames.
An entrained-flow gasifier is known from DE 102006059149, in which multiple single burners are arranged so as to be inclined and eccentrically tilted.
The installation of obliquely arranged single burners becomes complicated with increasing reactor size and entails the risk of the burner being jammed or even deformed. Owing to these disadvantages, use has hitherto been made of vertically oriented and installable burners.
The invention is based on an object of specifying a structural configuration for a burner and an entrained-flow gasifier which combine the advantages of obliquely oriented burners with simple installability.
The object is achieved by a burner having the features of the claims.
The bulk of the gasification burner 1 according to the invention extends along a main axis 15, wherein the media for the gasification reaction in the gasification burner are guided in separate media channels 2, 3 and exit at the burner mouth in a direction 16 which has a non-zero angle 17 to the main axis 15. The gasification burner has a bend which brings about an oblique exit of the media, and thus an oblique gasification flame, with respect to the main axis of the gasification burner. That end of the gasification burner, having the burner mouth 22, which projects into the reaction chamber does not project beyond the tubular inner diameter of the burner seat 14. Even in the case of a vertically installed burner, an oblique exit of media is realized. The single burner is constructed such that, toward the burner mouth 22, the cross sections of the media channels 2, 3 are drawn in or tapered in order to set the desired exit speed. In order to keep the pressure losses small, the drawing-in/tapering is realized only shortly before the exit into the reaction chamber, and thus shortly before the burner mouth. The oblique exit of the media can be brought about by an asymmetric and oblique formation of the drawing-in/tapering. Depending on the positioning of the asymmetry and the angle of the bend, the single burner flame can be directed in a predefined direction to a greater or lesser extent. The configuration of the gasification burner according to the invention combines the advantages of vertical installation and improved flame shape in conventional, obliquely installed burners.
By rotation 24 of the single burners in their burner seats 14, an orientation for attaining a flame shape which is optimal for the currently desired purpose is possible without structurally changing the individual burners. The individual burners can be oriented in the pattern of the fastening bolts in the single-burner flange 14.
In one particular configuration of the invention, the gasification burners are arranged such that their respective media outlet axes 16 intersect the central axis 18 of the entrained-flow gasifier above the top edge of the raw-gas and slag outlet 6, in particular at a point. In this case, a structure-induced reduction of the diameter of the reactor is possible.
Orientation of the gasification burner flames 16 of the single burners 1 in the direction of the central axis 18 of the entrained-flow gasifier allows the extension of the total flame to be minimized and thus, for example for an initial slag formation, the thermal loading of the cooling screen 4 to be reduced.
Orientation of the single burners in the same sense about an angle 25, in the case of which orientation the media outlet axes and thus the respective directions of the gasification burner flames do not pass through an imaginary cylinder 23 about the central axis 18 of the entrained-flow gasifier, allows the swirl of the total flame and thus the deposition of solids on the cooling screen 4 to be intensified. Said arrangement entails a significant reduction in undesirable discharge of fine slag in the form of dust, which is difficult to use. The angle 25 can have a value between greater than zero and 30 degrees, in particular 15 degrees. The angle 25 can be predefined in the pattern of the fastening bolts of the burner in its burner seat 14.
In air-flow gasifiers which already exist, the gasification burner according to the invention with bent-off burner tip is able to be used with little effort as part of a retrofit.
In one particular configuration of the invention, a gasification burner is arranged in a separate burner flange 14. This embodiment is advantageous for an arrangement of the gasification burners with a bend at an angle 17 of 15 degrees and greater.
In one particular configuration of the invention, the gasification burners 1 and the ignition and pilot burner 13 are arranged in a common burner flange. This embodiment is advantageous for an arrangement of the gasification burners with a bend at an acute angle 17 close to zero degrees.
The invention will be explained below, to an extent necessary for comprehension, as an exemplary embodiment on the basis of figures, in which:
Identical designations denote identical elements in the figures.
In an entrained-flow reactor, 300 000 kg/h of coal dust 3 are converted by oxygen and steam 2 as a gasification medium to raw synthetic gas. The gasification temperature is 1450° C., and the gasification pressure is 4 MPa. Two or three gasification burners 1 are arranged on the head of the reactor. In the case of three gasification burners 1, these are arranged symmetrically about the central axis 18 with an angle offset of 120 degrees as illustrated in
On the head of the reactor, an ignition and pilot burner 13 for fuel-gas operation is arranged along the reactor axis 18. It is also possible to integrate the ignition and pilot burner 13 into one or more gasification burners 1. This embodiment renders unnecessary a separate flange for the ignition and pilot burner.
The gasification burners 1 can be charged with fuels in the form of dust or with liquid fuels, wherein “liquid fuels” are also to be understood to mean suspensions of liquids, such as water or oil, with fuels reduced to a dust or inorganic additions.
The gasification burner illustrated in
The gasification burner according to the invention as per
In the configuration of the gasification burner as per
A burner according to the invention is also realized by a burner, the bulk of which is arranged concentrically with respect to a main axis 15 and in which the center of the burner mouth 22 is situated outside the main axis of the burner.
A burner according to the invention is also realized by a burner which has a fastening flange and in which the burner part between the fastening flange and the burner mouth is delimited by a tubular outer contour.
The burner according to the invention may also be referred to as a “bent-off burner” or as a “cross-eyed burner”.
“Fuels” are to be understood to mean coals of different rank and cokes of different origin and even also combustible liquids having particular solids and ash contents and even also water, coal or oil-coal suspensions, so-called slurries.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
10 2015 226 566 | Dec 2015 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2016/080670 | 12/12/2016 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2017/108484 | 6/29/2017 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3595480 | Kunioka | Jul 1971 | A |
4647294 | Jahnke et al. | Mar 1987 | A |
20080113309 | Takashima et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
20080141588 | Kirchhubel | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20100107642 | Bhaisora et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
20110116987 | Schulze et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20140227142 | Chung et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
1112537 | Jun 2003 | CN |
102015971 | Apr 2011 | CN |
103874748 | Jun 2014 | CN |
102006059149 | Jun 2008 | DE |
0976977 | Feb 2000 | EP |
2136556 | Sep 1984 | GB |
Entry |
---|
International Search Report dated Mar. 13, 2017, for PCT/EP2016/080670. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20180363895 A1 | Dec 2018 | US |