Patent Application
20100126308
The present invention relates to an angular indexing apparatus for a machine tool, and, more particularly, to an angular indexing apparatus used in, for example, a 5-axis machining apparatus (machining apparatus capable of simultaneous 5-axis control) or a rotating table apparatus.
As an example of an angular indexing apparatus for a machine tool, a series supporting type is known. In this type, a fifth servo motor that indexes an angle is built in the lower portion of a head; a lower head is provided directly below a vertical rotating shaft, which is rotated by the fifth servo motor, so as to be branched facing downward in a U shape; and an oscillating head for mounting a tool is rotatably supported. (Patent Document 1)
As a different example of an angular indexing apparatus for a machine tool, a parallel supporting type is known. In this type, a rotating drive motor that indexes an angle is built in a head supporting member; the lower portion of a vertical head is connected to the lower portion of an oblique drive shaft, which is rotated by the rotating drive motor; and a vertical tool main shaft is rotatably supported in the head. In addition, the angular indexing apparatus is known as using a rotating drive motor including a rotor and a stator, that is, as singly using what is called a DD motor (that is, using one DD motor). (Patent Document 2)
In the machine tool, the characteristics required of the DD motor differ depending upon a processing method or a processing object. In addition, when a torque that is larger than a present torque is required, in order to increase the torque using one DD motor, the outside diameter of the DD motor itself must be increased. When this is done, the outside diameter of a head surrounding the DD motor is also increased, which is not desirable. Ordinarily, the angular indexing apparatus is mounted to a predetermined mounting position of the existing machine tool. If the outside diameter of the head is made larger than a present outside diameter, the angular indexing apparatus cannot be mounted as it is to the existing machine tool, thereby making it necessary to modify the machine tool itself.
For a bearing that supports the rotating shaft, a roller gear cam (crobodile cam) (Patent Document 1) or a cross roller bearing (Patent Document 2) is used.
When a torque that is larger than a related torque is transmitted to the rotating shaft, it is necessary to increase support rigidity of the bearing and to prevent a reduction in indexing precision.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-26835 (paragraph numbers 0010, 0011; FIGS. 1 and 3)
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2-116437 (page 3, lower left column; page 9, lower column; FIG. 16)
The present invention is created considering the aforementioned circumstances. The present invention aims at providing at a rotating shaft a torque that is larger than a present torque without increasing the outside diameter of a component that is built in a motor. An object to be achieved when a torque that can be output at the rotating shaft is increased is to increase support rigidity of a bearing.
The present invention presupposes the following: an angular indexing apparatus for a machine tool, including a rotating shaft, a housing, a bearing, and driving means, the rotating shaft having a member that is rotationally driven secured to one end thereof, the housing at least surrounding an outer periphery of the rotating shaft for supporting the rotating shaft, the housing being mountable to and removable from the machine tool, the bearing being accommodated between the housing and the rotating shaft, the driving means being provided between the housing and the rotating shaft, the driving means rotationally driving the rotating shaft to index an angular position thereof, wherein, as the driving means, a drive motor, including a motor rotor and a motor stator, is used, the motor rotor and the motor stator being concentrically disposed around the rotating shaft in the housing.
The following solving means is provided. In the solving means, the driving means is such that a plurality of the drive motors are disposed in series so as to be separated from each other in the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
Due to disposing the plurality of drive motors in series in the axial direction, the rotating shaft becomes long in the axial direction. One bearing that supports the rotating shaft may be used. However, in order to increase support rigidity and rotational precision, it is desirable to use the following solving means. In the solving means, a plurality of the bearings for supporting the rotating shaft are separated from each other in the axial direction; a multiple-row roller bearing capable of supporting an axial load and a radial load is used for the bearing that is closest to a side of a member that is rotationally driven among the bearings; and at least one bearing among the other bearings is disposed between the plurality of the drive motors.
Since a plurality of the drive motors are disposed in series so as to be separated from each other in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, it is possible to provide a torque that is larger than that of one drive motor. Therefore, compared to a case in which a torque equivalent to that of one drive motor is obtained, the outside diameters of the drive motors can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the size of the housing, and, thus, to reduce the outside diameter of the entire indexing apparatus. Further, if a plurality of the drive motors having outside diameters equal to those of the drive motors of an existing indexing apparatus are used, the outside diameter of the housing also becomes equal to that of the existing housing, thereby facilitating a mounting operation.
When the rotating shaft that becomes long due to dispositions of the drive motors is supported by a plurality of bearings, it is possible to increase the support rigidity and the rotational precision. In addition, since a multiple-row roller bearing capable of supporting an axial load and a radial load is used for the bearing that is closest to the side of the member that is rotationally driven, the rotating shaft can be supported with even higher rigidity. Further, instead of disposing a plurality of bearings at respective end portions of the rotating shaft, at least one bearing among the bearings other than that closest to the side of the member that is rotationally driven is disposed between the plurality of drive motors, so that the distance between the bearings is reduced. When the distance between the bearings is large, the rotational precision is reduced due to flexing of the rotating shaft. By virtue of the aforementioned structure, such a problem can be overcome.
In an example of a machine tool 1 to which the present invention is applied, as shown in
In such a machine tool 1, during processing of a workpiece, by numerical-value control based on a preset program, the table 7, the cross rail 4, the saddle 5, and the ram 6 are moved, and the processing head 8 indexes the angular position (rotation position) of the spindle unit 10. By this, in the gate-type machine tool, it is possible to abut the tool upon each processing surface of the workpiece at a suitable angle and to process the workpiece, and to, for example, cut and process the workpiece having a complicated shape.
As shown in
The spindle unit 10 is a spindle head having a motor built therein, and rotationally drives at a high speed the spindle 9, rotatably supported in a casing 13 thereof, by the built-in motor (not shown).
The first support head 11 rotatably supports the spindle unit 10 with an A axis as center, and, with a built-in motor, causes the spindle unit 10 to rotate around the axis (hereunder referred to as “A axis”) that is orthogonal to an axial direction corresponding to a vertical direction (hereunder referred to as “C-axis direction”) to index the angular position thereof. The C axis is parallel to a Z axis of the machine tool 1.
The first support head 11 has the shape of a fork in which a pair of legs 14 and 14 are mounted to the base 12 (portion at the side of the second support head 20) so as to be spaced apart (separated) from each other. The spindle unit 10 is supported between the pair of legs 14 and 14. More specifically, a pair of support shafts (not shown), rotatably supported in the interiors of the respective legs 14 and disposed so that their rotational axes match the A axis, are mounted to the respective side surfaces of the spindle unit 10. By the support shafts, the spindle unit 10 is rotatably supported between the pair of legs 14 and 14. In addition, by rotationally driving the support shafts by a motor built in the leg 14, the spindle unit 10 is rotated around the A axis as center, to index its angular position.
The second support head 20 supports the first support head 11 so that the first support head 11 rotates around the C axis as center, rotates the first support head 11 by a built-in driving means, and indexes its angular position, to index the angular position of the spindle unit 10. The second support head 20 is mounted to the ram 6 of the machine tool 1, and has the first support head 11 mounted to one end thereof. In the description below, each part of the second support head 20 basically has a cylindrical shape or an annular shape with the C axis as the axis. In addition, the term “connect” means that fastening and securing with, for example, screws or bolts.
As shown in
The driving means M1 and M2 rotationally drive the rotating shaft 40 with respect to the housing 30 secured to the machine tool 1, and driving motors M1 and M2 are used therefor. Each of the driving motors M1 and M2 is a type that is operated by directly connecting it to a load without using a decelerator such as a gear (this type is popularly called a direct-drive motor/DD motor). The drive motors M1 and M2 include motor stators M1b and M2b, motor rotors M1a and M2a, and stator sleeves M1c and M2c, respectively, all of which are concentrically disposed. The motor stators M1b and M2b are formed by winding coils around fixed iron cores. In the motor rotors M1a and M2a, a plurality of opposing magnets disposed close to the inner peripheral surfaces of the respective motor stators M1b and M2b are disposed in a peripheral direction. The stator sleeves M1c and M2c hold the motor stators M1b and M2b, respectively.
The housing 30 primarily includes housing members 31 and 32, and a distributor R1 of a rotary joint R. The housing 30 can be divided in the C axis direction, and includes the housing member 31 and the housing member 32 in the figure. Regarding the housing members 31 and 32, the illustrated upper housing member 31 is a first housing member, and the lower housing member 32 is a second housing member. The outside diameter of the distributor R1 is less than the inside diameter of the first housing member 31. The first housing member 31 and the second housing member 32 are connected to each other in the form of a vertically long cylinder. The distributor R1 is concentrically disposed so as to be spaced apart from the inner peripheral side of the first housing member 31. An outer peripheral portion of a flange portion R1a, which projects radially outward from the upper end of the distributor R1, is connected to an upper end portion of the first housing member 31. By this, a space is formed between the first housing member 31 and the distributor R1, a space is formed at the inner peripheral side of the distributor R1, and a space is formed at the inner peripheral side of the second housing member 32 for communication therewith. The rotating shaft 40, the bearings B1 and B2, and the drive motors M1 and M2 are disposed in these spaces.
A body 31a of the first housing member 31 has an L shape in cross section at one side thereof, the L shape being formed by inwardly bending a lower end portion of the body 31a. A first housing sleeve 31b, which projects radially inward towards the distributor R1, is connected to an upper end portion of the body 31a. The cross section at one side of the body 31 has overall a U shape that opens inwardly.
The rotary joint R includes the cylindrical distributor R1 and a cylindrical shaft R2 having different diameters. The distributor R1 and the shaft R2 are rotatably fitted to each other in the form of a double tube. Here, the shaft R2 is fitted to the outer side of the distributor R1. A plurality of fluid paths R11 and R21 are formed at the distributor R1 and the shaft R2, respectively, so that they are positionally shifted from each other in a circumferential direction. Annular grooves R0, which communicate with the fluid paths R11 and R21, are formed in a fitting peripheral surface between the distributor R1 and the shaft R2. By virtue of this structure, even if the distributor R1 and the shaft R2 rotate relative to each other, the state of communication between the fluid paths R11 of the distributor R1 and the fluid paths R21 of the shaft R2 is maintained. The fluid paths R11 of the distributor R1 are formed so as to communicate with the outside at the flange portion R1a, and the flow paths R21 of the shaft R2 are formed so as to communicate with the first support head 11.
A second housing sleeve 32b, which projects radially inward, is connected to an upper end portion of a body 32a of the second housing member 32, and an engagement stopping sleeve 32c, which projects radially inward, is connected to a lower end portion of the body 32a of the second housing member 32. In addition, the second housing member 32 is secured to the first housing member 31 by connecting the second housing sleeve 32b to the lower portion of the first housing member 31.
The rotating shaft 40 primarily includes cylindrical shaft members 41, 42, and 40a, and can be divided in the C-axial direction at locations corresponding to a dividing location of the housing 30. In the figure, the rotating shaft 40 can be divided in two in the C-axis direction. The shaft member 41, disposed in the space between the first housing member 31 and the distributor R1, is a first shaft member. The shaft member 41, disposed in the space at the inner peripheral side of the second housing member 32, is a second shaft member. The shaft member 40a, disposed in the space at the inner peripheral side of the distributor R1, is a rotation detection shaft member. In addition, the rotation detection shaft member 40a and the first shaft member 41, which are disposed at the inner and outer sides of the distributor R1, respectively, are abutted upon and connected to the upper end of the second shaft member 42 with the C axis as center. The first shaft member 41 and the second shaft member 42 can be divided at a location corresponding to the dividing location of the housing 30.
The body of the first shaft member 41 corresponds to the shaft R2 of the rotary joint R. The first shaft member 41 is formed so that the lower portion of the shaft R2 projects radially outward so as to face the lower portion of the first housing member 31, and so that a first shaft sleeve R2a, which projects radially outward, is connected to the upper portion of the shaft R2. In addition, one drive motor M1 and one bearing B1 are disposed in a cylindrical space between the first shaft member 41 and the first housing member 31, and the bearing B1 is disposed beneath the drive motor M1. That is, the upper bearing B1 is disposed between the upper drive motor M1 and the lower drive motor M2.
An outer peripheral portion (outer ring) of the upper bearing B1 (cross roller bearing) is connected to the lower portion of the first housing member 31, and an inner peripheral portion (inner ring) of the upper bearing B1 is connected to the lower portion of the first shaft member 41.
In the upper drive motor M1, the motor stator M1b is secured to the inner peripheral side of the first housing member 31 through the stator sleeve M1c, and the motor rotor M1a is secured to the outer peripheral side of the first shaft member 41. More specifically, the motor stator M1b is concentrically fitted and secured to an inner peripheral surface of the stator sleeve M1c, and the stator sleeve M1c is connected to the lower side of the first housing sleeve 31b to secure the motor stator M1b to the first housing member 31. The motor rotor M1a is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft member 41 (the shaft R2 of the rotary joint R), and is connected to the lower surface of the first shaft sleeve R2a, to secure the motor rotor M1a to the first shaft member 41.
A cable c11 is connected to the upper drive motor M1 through a connector c1. The cable c11 is, for example, a current supply cable for a U phase, a V phase, or a W phase for supplying current to a coil built in the motor stator; a ground wire; or a detection wire for detecting abnormality of the drive motor M1. For disposing the connector c1, a space that is locally recessed in a portion of the lower surface of the first housing sleeve 31b is formed. The connector c1 is disposed in the recessed space. A cable wiring hole H1 extending vertically through the first housing sleeve 31b is provided therein for passing the cable c11 therethrough.
In the second shaft member 42, a recessed portion 42b is formed in the center portion of the upper end surface of a body 42a, and the lower portion of the distributor R1 and the lower portion of the rotation detection shaft member 40a are disposed in the recessed portion 42b. The recessed portion 42b has a stepped form in which the inside diameter of the upper portion thereof is larger than that of the lower portion thereof. An outer peripheral surface of the lower portion of the distributor R1 contacts the inner peripheral side of the upper portion of the recessed portion 42b, and an outer peripheral surface of the lower portion of the rotation detection shaft member 40a contacts the inner peripheral side of the lower portion of the recessed portion 42b. The second shaft member 42 is provided with a second shaft sleeve 42c connected to the upper portion of the body 42a thereof and projecting radially outward. The second shaft sleeve 42c is connected to the first shaft member 41 provided on the second shaft sleeve 42c.
The second shaft member 42 includes a flange member 42e, disposed at the lower side of the body 42a, and a connecting member 42d, disposed so as to sandwich the flange member 42e; and is formed so that, along with the flange member 42e, the connecting member 42d is connected to the lower surface of the second shaft member 42. The lower end surface of the connecting member 42d and the upper end surface of the base 12 of the first support head 11 are positioned with respect to each other by fitting a recess and a protrusion to each other.
By projecting the second shaft member 42 and the second housing member 32 inwardly and outwardly at proper locations, three annular spaces are formed between the members 42 and 32 so as to be vertically spaced apart from each other. The lower drive motor M2, the clamping mechanism 50, and the lower bearing B2 are separately disposed in the three spaces, respectively.
The lower drive motor M2 is disposed in the upper space among the three spaces. Similarly to the upper drive motor M1, the lower drive motor M2 includes a motor rotor M2a, motor stator M2b, and a stator sleeve M2c, which are similarly secured to the second housing member 32 through the second housing sleeve 32b or to the second shaft member 42 through the second shaft sleeve 42c.
A plurality of cables c21 are also connected to the lower drive motor M2 through a connector c2. For disposing the connector c2, a space that is locally recessed is formed in the lower surface of the second housing sleeve 32b. In addition, a cable wiring hole H2 for passing the cables c21 therethrough is formed so as to communicate with the interior of the second housing sleeve 32b, the interior of the first housing member 31, and the interior of the first housing sleeve 31 along the axial direction. Further, an outwardly facing window 31c opening to the cables c21 is formed in the outer periphery of the lower end portion of the first housing member 31. The outwardly facing window 31c is used when passing the cables c21 through the cable wiring hole H2 after connecting the first housing member 31 and the second housing sleeve 32b to each other.
The clamping mechanism 50 is disposed in the middle space among the three spaces. The clamping mechanism 50 includes a clamp sleeve 51, which relatively compresses the rotating shaft 40 so that the rotating shaft 40 is incapable of rotating relatively, and a pressure-receiving member 52, which guides fluid for deforming the clamp sleeve 51. The pressure-receiving member 52 and the clamp sleeve 51 are successively concentrically disposed at the inner peripheral side of the second housing member 32 so as to be connected to each other. The clamp sleeve 51 has a groove at its outer periphery. By the groove, a deformable thin-walled portion 51b is formed between an upper thick-walled portion 51a and a lower thick-walled portion 51a. By the groove and the pressure-receiving member 52, a pressure chamber 53 is formed between the outer side of the thin-walled portion 51b and the pressure-receiving member 52. The clamp sleeve 51 is disposed by disposing the thin-walled portion 51b near the second shaft member 42. Further, a fluid path 54 communicating with the pressure chamber 53 is formed in the interior of the pressure-receiving member 52. An exit portion 54a of the fluid path 54 opens into the pressure chamber 53. The fluid path 54 is formed in the housing members 31 and 32, and communicates with a fluid path (not shown) that communicates with the outside at the housing sleeve 31b. By supplying fluid into the fluid path 54, the thin-walled portion 51b is deformed in a small-diameter direction and the second shaft member 42 is compressed to keep the rotating shaft 40 in a state in which it is incapable of rotating.
The lower bearing B2 is specifically a triplex-row roller bearing (also called a triplex-row circular cylindrical roller bearing/axial radial roller bearing). More specifically, as shown in
A rotation detector 60 for detecting an amount of rotation of the rotating shaft 40, that is, an angular position of the first support head 11 is secured to the upper end of the rotating shaft 40 (rotation detection shaft member 40a) and the housing 30 (distributor R1) through, for example, bearings. In the rotation detector 60, a detector stator 61 is secured to the distributor R1, and a detector rotor 62 is secured to the upper end portion of the rotation detection shaft member 40a. A detection signal of the rotation detector 60 is transmitted to a controlling device of the machine tool 1, and is used to control the rotation of the first support head 11.
The second shaft member 42 and the third shaft member 43 in this case are provided by dividing the second shaft member 42 according to the previous embodiment at the intermediate portion in the axial direction and connecting the divided portions to each other through a spacer shaft member 42f. The second housing member 32 and the third housing member 33 are formed by dividing the second housing member 32 according to the previous embodiment in the axial direction and connecting the divided portions to each other through a spacer sleeve 32d.
In the lowest drive motor M3, the disposition of a motor rotor M3a, a motor stator M3b, and a stator sleeve M3c is similar to that in the other drive motors M1 and M2. A connector c3, a cable c31, and a cable wiring hole H3 for the lowest drive motor M3 are provided similarly to those in the previous embodiment. A wiring hole H2 for the intermediate cable, and the wiring hole H3 for the lowest cable are positionally shifted from each other in a circumferential direction. An outwardly facing window 32e at the lower end portion of the second housing member 32 is provided similarly to an outwardly facing window 31c of the first housing member 31.
Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, so that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the claims.
The multiple-row roller bearing for the bearing B2 at the lowest side (side of the member that is rotationally driven) is not limited to the aforementioned triplex circular cylindrical roller bearing. Other types of multiple-row roller bearings, such as a multiple-row conical roller bearing, which can support an axial load and a radial load may be used.
In the embodiment shown in
The bearing B1, which is a bearing other than the lowest bearing, is not limited to the aforementioned cross roller bearing, so that other bearing types may be used. The cross roller bearing can support an axial load and a radial load. However, the bearing need not be one that can support loads in both directions. The bearing may be one that is in accordance with the form of the machine tool 1 to which the processing head 8 is mounted. For example, when the machine tool 1 is a horizontal machining center, the C-axis direction of the rotating shaft 40 becomes a horizontal direction. Therefore, a bearing that can support only a radial load (a radial bearing, more specifically, a radial needle bearing, a radial ball bearing, a radial roller bearing, etc.) may be used.
When the machine tool 1 is a vertical machining center, the C-axis direction of the rotating shaft 40 becomes a vertical direction. Therefore, a bearing that can support only an axial load (an axial bearing or a thrust bearing, more specifically, a thrust needle bearing, a thrust ball bearing, a thrust roller bearing, etc.) may be used.
The application of the angular indexing apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to, for example, the aforementioned 5-axis machining apparatus. For example, the angular indexing apparatus may be applied to a rotating table apparatus that rotationally drives a circular table on which a workpiece is placed and that indexes its angular position. When the angular indexing apparatus is used as a rotating table apparatus, the aforementioned circular table corresponds to what is called a member that is rotationally driven in the present invention.
Further, according to the angular indexing apparatus of the present invention, the number of drive motors that are used is not limited to those mentioned above, so that four or more drive motors may be disposed in series so as to be separated from each other in the axial direction.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-128331 | May 2007 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2008/058753 | 5/13/2008 | WO | 00 | 11/5/2009 |
