Patent Application
20160175214
The present invention relates to cosmetic compositions for application to the skin, in particular to the skin of the intimate area.
Cosmetic compositions for application to the skin are known. Moisturizers, deodorants, antiperspirants are all commonly used ingredients for such compositions. Typically skin care compositions are in the form of thick creams which are dispensed from tubes or bottles, but in the antiperspirant area are also common in the form of creams extruded from an applicator container, roll-on liquids, solid sticks, or sprays.
Despite the large number of products available in the market, there is still a need for a solution to everyday intimate hygiene and skin care especially for women: women have special needs in the intimate area including the need for discreet intimate odor protection against vaginal odor and odor from sporadic unpredictable vaginal discharges that is particularly effective when these discharges occur. Moreover, an increasing trend toward intimate grooming has increased the demand for preventing irritation from hair cutting or removal in the intimate area. For example, shave bumps or ingrown hairs following hair removal and intimate itch as hair grows back following removal, as well as the need to facilitate healing of small cuts and/or burns in the skin from intimate shaving can result from hair cutting/hair removal.
Additionally, many women facing problems with urine and vaginal discharge leakage also need protection from skin rash that occurs from wearing an absorbent article all day that rubs against bare, overly hydrated skin.
Currently, there is no product that simultaneously addresses these problems for women in the female intimate area in a form that is easy to use and apply, which is dry on application, and which does not leave greasy stains on clothes. The present invention aims at addressing this need in particular through the usage of an anhydrous composition.
The present invention relates to an anhydrous cosmetic composition for topical application to the intimate skin area in conjunction with one or both of shaving pubic hair and managing incontinence wherein absorbent articles are worn against the body for long periods of time.
In some forms of the present invention, an anhydrous cosmetic composition for topical application may comprise: one or more complexed or encapsulated compounds having a thiol vapor pressure suppression index (TVPS) of more than 20. The TVPS is measured according to the test methodology described herein. The anhydrous cosmetic composition may be in the form of a solid stick comprising a product hardness of at least 600 gram-force and devoid of an antiperspirant active.
In some forms, an anhydrous cosmetic composition comprises: a volatile solvent comprising a siloxane; a thickening agent; and a cosmetic active selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide and an oil-soluble Vitamin B5 derivative. The anhydrous cosmetic composition may be in the form of a solid stick comprising a product hardness of at least 600 gram-force and devoid of an antiperspirant active.
In some forms, a method of grooming hair in the intimate skin area is provided. The method comprising the steps of: cutting or removing hair from skin in the intimate skin area by at least one of the following methods: shaving, trimming, laser hair removal, epilation, waxing, chemical methods, and the like; thereafter, prepping the skin in the intimate skin area for application of a cosmetic composition; and thereafter, rubbing an anhydrous cosmetic composition onto the skin in the intimate skin area, the anhydrous cosmetic composition comprising: a volatile solvent; and a product hardness of at least 600 gram-force.
In some forms, a method of managing incontinence is provided. The method comprising the steps of: rubbing an anhydrous cosmetic composition onto skin and/or hair in an intimate skin area to apply the anhydrous cosmetic composition to the same, the anhydrous cosmetic composition comprising: a product hardness of at least 600 gram-force; and a volatile solvent; and applying an incontinence absorbent article against the skin and/or hair in the intimate skin area comprising the anhydrous cosmetic composition, the incontinence absorbent article comprising a liner, a pad, or a pant.
The term “anhydrous” as used herein means that the composition of the present invention are preferably substantially free of water. From a formulation standpoint, this means that the compositions of the present invention preferably contain less than about 2%, preferably less than about 1%, more preferably less than about 0.5%, most preferably zero percent, by weight of water.
The term “intimate area” as used herein means the area between the waist and the upper thigh (e.g., the pelvic and pubis region). The compositions of the present invention can be employed for management of hair and skin associated with the pubis region.
The present invention relates to an anhydrous cosmetic composition for topical application to skin in the intimate area. The cosmetic compositions can contain a number of different ingredients, including reactive compounds, encapsulated reactive compounds, complexed compounds, cosmetic actives, a formulation raw materials. These ingredients are described in greater detail below.
Examples of preferred reactive compounds suitable for use in the present invention are: melonal, adoxal, trans-2-hexenal, ligustral, Floral Super, Florhydral, 5-methyl-2-thiophene-carboxaldehyde, hydratropic aldehyde, undecenal, 9-undecenal, 10-undecenal, trans-4-decenal, cis-6-nonenal, isocyclocitral, precyclemone b, (E)-2-(z)-6-nonadienal, undecyl aldehyde, methyl-octyl-acetaldehyde, Lauric aldehyde, silvial, vanillin, floralozone.
Encapsulated Compounds
The reactive compounds of the present invention can be encapsulated using any technique known in the art. The term “Encapsulation” within the present invention is intended to encompass any technology which allows introducing a reactive compound according to the invention into a composition according to the invention in a mixture with other materials which are called in general “encapsulating materials”. The reactive compounds when encapsulated are prevented from contacting other materials so to avoid unwanted reactions. Moreover, when encapsulated, their evaporation is prevented. Many types of capsules are known in the art and are used for the delivery of perfume ingredients. All these types of capsules are usable in the present invention. Capsules can have any size, typically used in the art and suitable herein are nanocapsules, microcapsules, and larger capsules. In general capsules will have a size such that their shorter diameter will be lower than 3 mm or lower than 1 mm.
Capsules allow the encapsulated composition to release when it is needed. Typically in the case of the present invention this corresponds to two cases:
All these types of capsules are known in the art, e.g., as perfume delivery systems. These two cases should however be intended as non-limiting examples. In fact, any other trigger (or combination of triggers) can be used to release the encapsulated compound from the capsule, e.g. evaporation, diffusion, temperature, humidity, light etc. The release of the encapsulated compound can be instantaneous or sustained over time, depending on needs. The skilled person, based on the desired trigger action and release type, will be able to select the appropriate encapsulating material from those known in the art.
Capsules can Use Different Encapsulating Materials:
I. Polymers.
Polymeric Materials can be Used as Encapsulating Materials.
Classical coacervates, water soluble or partly soluble to insoluble charged or neutral polymers, liquid crystals, hot melts, hydrogels, perfumed plastics, microcapsules, nano- and micro-latexes, polymeric film formers, and polymeric absorbents, polymeric adsorbents, etc. are some examples. Polymeric capsules include but are not limited to:
II. Starches:
The use of a starch encapsulation technology allows one to modify the properties of the compound to be encapsulated, for example, by converting a liquid compound into a solid by adding ingredients such as starch. The benefit includes increased retention for volatile compounds during product storage. Upon exposure to moisture, a release may be triggered. Another benefit is that the starch encapsulation allows the product formulator to select compounds or concentration of compounds that normally cannot be used without the presence of starch encapsulation. Suitable starch encapsulation examples as well as methods of making the same may be found in US 2005/0003980 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,458,754 B1.
In one aspect, starch encapsulated compounds may be made by preparing a mixture comprising starch, water, acid and the compound(s) which need to be encapsulated, the acid being incorporated in the mixture in an amount sufficient to lower the pH of the starch-water mixture by at least 0.25 units; and spray drying the mixture thereby forming the encapsulated compound(s). In the first step in the process of compound(s) encapsulation, an aqueous mixture is prepared comprising starch, water, the compound(s) which need to be encapsulated and acid. These ingredients may be added in any order, but usually the starch-water mixture is prepared first and subsequently, either sequentially or together, the acid and compound(s) to encapsulate are added. When they are added sequentially, the acid may be added prior to the ingredient for encapsulation. Alternatively, the acid is added after the ingredient for encapsulation. The concentration of starch in the aqueous mixture may be from as low as 5 or 10 wt % to as high as 60 or even 75 wt %. Generally the concentration of starch in the mixture is from 20 to 50 wt %, more usually around 25 to 40 wt % in the aqueous mixture.
Suitable starches can be made from raw starch, pregelatinized starch, modified starch derived from tubers, legumes, cereal and grains for example corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, waxy corn starch, oat starch, cassava starch, waxy barley starch, waxy rice starch, sweet rice starch, amioca, potato starch, tapioca starch and mixtures thereof. Modified starches may be particularly suitable for use in the present invention, and these include hydrolyzed starch, acid thinned starch, starch having hydrophobic groups, such as starch esters of long chain hydrocarbons (C5 or greater), starch acetates, starch octenyl succinate and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, starch esters, such as starch octenyl succinates are employed.
The term “hydrolyzed starch” refers to oligosaccharide-type materials that are typically obtained by acid and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of starches, preferably corn starch. It may be preferred to include in the starch water-mixture, a starch ester. Particularly preferred are the modified starches comprising a starch derivative containing a hydrophobic group or both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic group which has been degraded by at least one enzyme capable of cleaving the 1,4 linkages of the starch molecule from the non-reducing ends to produce short chained saccharides to provide high oxidation resistance while maintaining substantially high molecular weight portions of the starch base. The aqueous starch mixture may also include a plasticizer for the starch. Suitable examples include monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and maltodextrins, such as glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, gum arabic, guar gums and maltodextrin.
The acid used in the process of the invention may be any acid. Examples include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid and phosphonic acid. In one aspect, carboxylic organic acids are employed. In another aspect, organic acids comprising more than one carboxylic acid groups are employed. Examples of suitable organic acids include citric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, itaconic acid, acetic acid and ascorbic acid, etc. In one aspect, saturated acids, such as citric acid, are employed.
Following the formation of the aqueous mixture comprising starch, water, perfumes and acid, the mixture is mixed under high shear to form an emulsion or dispersion of ingredient for encapsulation in the aqueous starch solution.
Any suitable technique may then be used for the final stage of processing where the aqueous mixture including acid and perfumes is atomized and dried. Suitable techniques include, but are not limited to those known in the art including spray drying, extrusion, spray chilling/crystallization methods, fluid bed coating and the use of phase transfer catalysts to promote interfacial polymerization. Spray efficiencies may be increased by methods known in the art, such as by using high drying towers, lightly oiling the chamber walls, or using preconditioned air in which the moisture has been substantially removed.
Coated Capsules
In some forms, the primary materials forming the capsule as described so far, may be further encapsulated with a secondary coating material. Any of the capsule types mentioned so far can be used in the present invention as such or with an additional secondary coating material.
An additional secondary coating material can help in reducing the scent perception, in reducing evaporation of volatile components over time (especially at elevated temperatures and humidity conditions) and in increasing chemical stability of the complexed compound by reducing the exposure of the complexed compounds (which in the present invention comprise highly reactive materials) to prematurely react or decompose so they are no longer functional or have a different odor character when activated. Additionally the use of coated capsules can allow altering the release characteristic of the encapsulated material (slowing or accelerating its release, or changing the release trigger, for example introducing a pH trigger). Generally, any second material that is added to or applied directly to a primary encapsulating material that accomplishes one or more of the above functions is characterized as a coating. The secondary coating may be directly applied using a second process step following creation of the primary capsule, using a process such as prilling, or using any fluidized bed process to apply a secondary surface coating (for example a Wurster Coater).
Coating compositions which are suitable for the present invention are all capsule coating compositions which are commonly known in the art. These include for example: polysaccharides (for example, but not limited to unmodified starch, chemically modified starch, dextrins, cyclodextrin and cyclodextrin derivatives), natural and artificial/synthetic waxes, esters and ester derivatives, fatty acids, natural and synthetic and chemically modified lipids, fatty alcohols, hydrocarbons (linear or branched, petrolatum), enteric coating compositions (such as the Eudragit series of Methacrylic acid co-polymers), polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene glycols, silicones (for example, but not limited to silicone copolymers and functionalized silicones), surfactants, emulsifiers, polypropylene glycols, cellulose derivatives (methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose), glycerin, mono and diglycerides, polyglycerol and polyglycerol esters and emulsifiers employed in food applications.
An example of the preparation of a coated capsule which can be used in the present invention has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,422 (see in particular Example 2).
Complexed Compounds
For “complex” it is intended an “inclusion complex” within the meaning of IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology 2nd Edition (1997) wherein the complexing agent is the host and the complexed compound is the “guest”. Examples of complexing agents are cyclodextrins. As used herein, the term “cyclodextrin” includes any of the known cyclodextrins such as substituted and unsubstituted cyclodextrins containing from about six to about twelve glucose units, for example alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin and/or their derivatives and/or mixtures thereof. For example, the cyclodextrin complex of the present invention can comprise cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of beta-cyclodextrin, alpha-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl alpha-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin, methylated-alpha-cyclodextrin, methylated-beta-cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof. Cyclodextrin complexes of compounds which are active against malodors can be prepared as known in the art for example using the kneading method described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,782 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,543,157 or, preferably, using the spray drying method described in WO2008/104690A2.
Thiol Vapour Pressure Suppression Index
In some forms, the present invention relates to compositions that may comprise one or more complexed or encapsulated compounds having a “thiol vapor pressure suppression index” (TVPS) of more than 20.
Thiol Vapor Pressure Suppression (TVPS) index is a measure of the reduction in butanethiol concentration in the headspace by a compound, as measured using a fast GC instrument, the zNose 7100 (Electronic Sensor Technologies, Newbury Park, Calif.). Before any measurements the instrument is calibrated according to manufacturer's instructions under the same experimental settings. The instrument has a DB-5 column (EST Part No. SYS7100C5, Electronic Sensor Technologies, Newbury Park, Calif.) 1 m in length, 0.25 μm phase thickness, and 0.25 mm in diameter. The experimental settings for TVPS measurements are:
TVPS of a compound is measured in the following way:
100 μl±1 μl of a 1% v/v butanethiol (99%, purity) solution in ethanol (200 proof) is added into a 1 ml vial (8×40 mm) These vials are borosilicate glass straight walled vial. A suitable butanethiol is item 112925 from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.). In another 1 ml vial (8×40 mm), 5 μl±0.2 μl of the compound is added. Both open vials are then placed inside a 20 ml headspace vial (22×75 mm), and the vial is immediately sealed using a screw thread closure with PTFE/Silicone septa. The vial is heated to 37° C. for 4 hours. After 4 hours, the vial is removed from the oven and let to equilibrate at 25° C.±2° C. for 15 minutes. The headspace inside the vial is sampled using the zNose following the experimental protocol outlined above. Samples with butanethiol alone, and the volatile active alone, are run using the same protocol to identify the peaks for both materials. An acceptable retention index for butanethiol is 720±30. If the butanethiol peak and the volatile material peak co-elute, one skilled in the art can modify the protocol settings to separate those peaks. A minimum resolution of 1.5 should be obtained. For example one can change the column temperature ramp rate. In between samples, the instrument needs to be cleaned to remove any trace materials. To clean the instrument, the instrument is run without samples as needed until no peaks greater than 100 counts are observed.
The amount of butanethiol in the headspace is measured from the area of the peak on the chromatograph for butanethiol (ABtSH,Rx). To calculate the percentage of butanethiol reduction in the headspace, a control with the butanethiol solution without the volatile material is run in the same manner and the area is measured as well (ABtSH,C). TVPS is then measured as the percentage reduction in butanethiol area calculated using the following formula:
An example of the type of measurements obtained with the instrument is:
Example TVPS calculation for
The value of TVPS for several compounds suitable for the invention is presented in the table below. TVPS for the compounds indicated with (*) have been approximated using a mathematical model calculated starting from real measurements on a large number of compounds. The model is created using the QSAR software CAChe ProjectLeader WorkSystem Pro 7.1. Using the molecular structure from the compounds for which TVPS was evaluated, several molecular properties are calculated. A regression algorithm is the used to calculate the best fit to predict TVPS based on the 4 molecular descriptors that best fit the data. The model is then used to predict TVPS for other compounds using the same software. The values of TVPS approximated with the molecular modeling system are presented for illustration only, for the avoidance of doubt it is specified that the TVPS values for use in the present inventions are only the TVPS values measured with the zNose analytical method described above.
Compounds indicated as (**) indicate prior art compounds.
As it can be seen, some of the compounds mentioned in the prior art as being very effective in general for the control of body fluids originated malodors, such as Hexylcinnamic aldehyde, have surprisingly low TVPS values. It is believed that such compounds, while very effective against some of the malodorant compounds such as those comprising ammonia or amine groups, are surprisingly less effective in counteracting other types of malodors such as those deriving from protein degradation and containing thiol groups. Reactive compounds according to the present invention, having relatively high TVPS values are surprisingly effective in counteracting both types of malodorant molecules and are therefore overall more effective in neutralizing malodors in a broader range of situations.
Examples of preferred compounds which are suitable for the present invention and which have a TVPS higher than 20 are those of the following list (a), these compounds not only have a TVPS higher than 20 but also they form complexes and/or capsules which are particularly stable and release the complexed encapsulated materials when needed. In particular these preferred materials form complexes with cyclodextrins in a complete manner Forming complexes in a complete manner means in this context that a skilled person, using methods known in the art, can combine the compound with cyclodextrin and obtain a material where the wt % of compound which is complexed with the cyclodextrin is greater than about 75%, greater than about 90%, or greater than about 95%. These complexes are very stable over time and the complexed compound gets released very quickly when the complex gets in contact with a water based fluid. (a): melonal, adoxal, trans-2-hexenal, ligustral, Floral Super, Florhydral, 5-methyl-2-thiophene-carboxaldehyde, hydratropic aldehyde, undecenal, 9-undecenal, 10-undecenal, trans-4-decenal, cis-6-nonenal, isocyclocitral, precyclemone b, (E)-2,(z)-6-nonadienal, undecyl aldehyde, methyl-octyl-acetaldehyde, Lauric aldehyde, silvial, vanillin, floralozone.
All these compounds in list (a) are particularly reactive toward malodorant molecules containing Sulphur atoms (thiol type malodors, typically associated with protein degradation e.g. in menstrual fluids, feces, food etc). The primary function of the complexed or encapsulated reactive compounds is to chemically react with malodors, such as malodorant molecules containing Nitrogen atoms (amine type odors, typically deriving from the degradation of urine or certain foods like onions) and/or malodorant molecules containing Sulphur atoms (thiol type malodors, typically associated with protein degradation, e.g., in menstrual fluids, feces, food etc). Ammonia/amines are one component of malodor associated with the absorption of bodily fluids, such as menses or urine. For example, ammonia/amines are typically present in high amounts in absorbent products used for urine absorption due to degradation of urea. Ammonia/amines and their derivatives can react with aldehydes and/or ketones to form imines (according to the so-called Schiff base reaction).
This reaction is catalyzed by enzymes and/or by a slightly acidic pH 4 to 5. The moderate acid requirement is necessary to allow protonation of the hydroxyl intermediate to allow water to leave.
Malodorant sulphur based compounds are typically generated by the degradation of proteins e.g. in menstrual fluids and feces so their control is particularly important in an intimate hygiene context. The mechanism of action is not fully understood at the moment, but it is believed that it is connected to the fact that Thiols can react with aldehydes and ketones to form thioacetals and thioketals.
In principle, the chemical reactions described above can be obtained from any aldehyde, but in practice the reactivity of aldehydes in these type of reactions is very different. The reactive compounds of the present invention are effective in reacting with Nitrogen based malodorant molecules and particularly effective in reacting with sulphur based malodorant molecules.
The particularly high reactivity of the reactive compounds of the invention towards sulphur based malodorant molecules renders the present invention particularly effective for use in the intimate area.
In addition, the preferred reactive compounds of the present invention are particularly advantageous in the specific context of compositions for topical use because they have a pleasant and low intensity odor and are also able to be complexed or encapsulated effectively and to be quickly released when needed.
Another important aspect of the present invention is that each complexed or encapsulated reactive compound has an individual character in terms of odor. Therefore their introduction within a composition also represents the possibility to provide not only reactivity on malodors but also individual fragrant notes which can be combined with other odorous components (encapsulated/complexed and/or in free uncomplexed form) thus allowing the formulator to obtain a broader range of fragrances being released by the composition when used, i.e., when the encapsulated/complexed reactive compound is activated.
Additional Compounds
In the present invention, other selected additional compounds in complexed or encapsulated form can be optionally used in combination with the new reactive compounds having a TVPS of more than 20, described above in list (a). Preferred additional compounds are listed here below in lists (b), (c), (d) and (e).
Suitable selected additional aldehydes and/or ketones include the following listed in list (b): hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, alpha-amylcinnamic aldehyde, p-anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, cuminic aldehyde, decanal, cyclamen aldehyde, p-t-butyl-alpha-methyldihydrocinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde, vanillin isobutyrate, 2-phenyl-3-(2-furyl)prop-2-enal, ethyl vanillin acetate, vanillin acetate, heptanal, lauryl aldehyde, nonanal, octanal, phenylacetaldehyde, phenyl propyl aldehyde, salycil aldehyde, citral, 2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde, 5-methyl salicylic aldehydes, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, o-nitrobenzaldehyde, 5-ethyl-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde, 2-thiophenecarbaldehyde, asaronaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, 2-benzofurancarboxaldehyde, 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, protocatechualdehyde, heliotropine, 4-ethoxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, o-methoxycinnamaldehyde, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 2,8-dithianon-4-3n-4-carboxaldehyde, sorbinaldehyde, 2,4-heptadienal, 2,4-decadienal, 2,4-nonadienal, 2,4-nonadienal, (E,E)-,2,4-octadien-1-al, 2,4-octadienal, 2,4-dodecadienal, 2,4-undecadienal, 2,4-tridecadien-1-al, 2-trans-4-cis-7-cis-tridecatrienal, piperonylidene propionaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-(2-furyl)acrolein, 2,4-pentadienal, 2-furfurylidene butyrraldehyde, helional, lyral, 3-hexenal, safranal, veratraldehyde, 3-(2-furyl)acrolein, pyruvaldehyde, ethanedial, 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)pent-1-en-3-one; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-Buten-2-one; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one, 5-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)4-penten-3-one, (E)-4-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)but-3-en-2-one.
Compounds in list (b) are additional aldehydes and/or ketones which are able to react with some classes of malodorant compounds and do not have unpleasant odor. One or more of these other selected aldehydes and/or ketones can be optionally used in complexed or encapsulated form in combination with those mentioned previously in list (a).
Other additional optional compounds can be present in complexed or encapsulated form. These include in particular other fragrance/masking/reacting components. In some embodiments at least part of the additional components are selected from the following lists (c), (d) and (e). Components from list (c) are menthol, menthyl acetate, menthyl lactate, menthyl propionate, menthyl butyrrate, menthone, mint terpenes, laevo-carvone, Cis-3-Hexenol & Cis-3-Hexenyl acetate, koavone and methyl dioxolan.
These are all compounds whose primary function is to mask malodors. This may occur through vapor pressure suppression of the malodor or by overwhelming the unpleasant malodor with the pleasant odor of the fragrance component. These materials, when used, may significantly reduce the ability to detect the malodors. The masking ability to hide malodors is possible due to the volatile nature of the materials selected, which are released from the complex or capsule in the composition for topical use and are then inhaled into the nose of a user, generally within somewhat close range, e.g., within about 0 to 10 meters of the person by normal breathing (although this should in no way be intended to limit the scope of the invention).
Components from class (d) are methyl-dihydrojasmonate, methyl jasmonate, eucalyptol, tetrahydro-linalool, Phenyl-Ethyl alcohol, Hexyl iso-butyrate, Linalyl acetate, Benzyl acetate, Benzyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof. These are volatile materials which are well complexed in particular when the complexing agent is a cyclodextrin and are release very quickly upon contact with a water based liquid. Their presence allows the topical composition to respond more quickly to an insult of malodorant substances by releasing compounds that have a good general masking effect against malodors, in particular, being very volatile, reduces the vapor pressure of other malodorant compounds slowing down their evaporation rate.
Other suitable malodor masking and fragrance components which can optionally be used in complexed or encapsulated form in combination with those of list (a) include those in the following list e):
All the compounds mentioned within the present application, unless a specific isomeric form is specified, also include their isomeric forms, diastereomers and enantiomers.
It may be that, for certain components, the same component can be considered both a malodor reactive component, a malodor masking component, and/or a fragrance component.
In forms of the invention wherein one or more compound of list a) is present in combination with one or more optional compounds of lists (b), (c), (d) or (e), the capsule or complex can be prepared mixing all compounds together before preparing the capsule or complex, or, alternatively, capsules or granules of complex containing only one or only some of the compounds can be prepared separately and then mixed according to the desires dosages before introduction into the composition of the invention.
In some forms, the composition of the present invention, in addition to the components from lists a), b), c), d) and e) in complexed or encapsulated form may also include components from the same lists or other fragrance components in free form (i.e.s not complexed or encapsulated).
In the case of cyclodextrin complexes, the percent of components that are complexed with cyclodextrin is greater than about 75%, greater than about 90%, or greater than about 95%. It should be understood that these levels of component complexation are directly associated with the complex formation process itself; i.e. the percentages do not represent a formulation design of adding a first percentage of components via a cyclodextrin complex and adding a second percentage of neat components.
Cyclodextrin complexes can be formed by various methods which are well known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,543,157, U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,782, and WO2008/104690A2 describe methods of forming cyclodextrin complexes.
As one example of a method of forming a cyclodextrin complex, a solvent (e.g., water or an organic solvent suitable for the organic compound to be complexed), unloaded cyclodextrin particles, and the organic compound which need to be complexed can be placed into a container and then mixed for a period of time to permit loading of organic molecules into “cavities” of cyclodextrin molecules. The mixture may or may not be processed further; e.g., processed through a colloid mill and/or homogenizer. The solvent is then substantially removed from the resulting mixture or slurry to yield cyclodextrin complex particles, e.g. via spray drying. Different manufacturing techniques may however impart different particle/complex characterizations, which may or may not be desirable in the compositions of the invention, depending on the specific usage and conditions. In some embodiments the particles of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes have a low level of typically of less than about 20% by weight of the particles, or of less than about 10% by weight of the particles, or of less than about 6% by weight of the particles. Spray drying a slurry of inclusion complexes of cyclodextrin and organic compounds is one manufacturing technique capable of producing the cyclodextrin particles and cyclodextrin complexes having the above-noted, moisture levels. Cyclodextrin complexes can also be obtained using known techniques and an extrusion process (kneading) however the resulting material will in general contain a higher humidity and a lower complexation efficiency. Also US 2008/0213191 A1 from The Procter & Gamble Company provides a detailed overview of preferred techniques for preparing cyclodextrin complexes.
Accordingly, in some forms, the present invention relates to an anhydrous cosmetic composition for topical application comprising one or more complexed or encapsulated reactive compounds having a thiol vapor pressure suppression index (TVPS) of more than 20.
In addition to the reactive compounds the cosmetic compositions of the present invention may include ingredients which are common in anhydrous cosmetic compositions. In some forms, the anhydrous cosmetic composition may comprise cosmetic compositions in the absence of the reactive compounds disclosed herein.
For example the anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention can comprise, in addition to the reactive compound(s):
Cosmetic Actives
The anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention can comprise from about 0.01% to about 60% by weight of one or more cosmetic actives. Suitable actives include any known or otherwise effective cosmetic active that is compatible with the essential ingredients of the cosmetic sticks of the present invention, or which do not otherwise unduly impair the product performance thereof.
Cosmetic actives suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include moisturizers, emollients, perfumes or fragrances, skin conditioners, antiperspirants, antioxidants, vitamins, anti-wrinkle products, anti-itch products (e.g., antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, corticoid steroids such as hydrocortisone and anesthetics such as benzocaine), surfactants, pharmaceuticals, deodorants, colorants, pigments, sunscreens or other photo protectants, topical hormones such as estrogens, isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein, materials which provide a tactile sensation of heat or cold such as menthyl lactate, and any other inert or active material intended or otherwise suitable for topical application to the skin.
Non-limiting examples of cosmetic actives suitable for use herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,377 (Sallogueira, Jr. et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,024,942 (Tanner et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,271 (Doughty et al.), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,270 (Hargraves et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,248 (Luebbe et al.) U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,514 (Guskey et al.), which descriptions are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Specific examples of cosmetic actives suitable for use herein include deodorant actives perfumes and fragrances, antimicrobials (antibacterial, antifungal), steroidal anti-inflammatory materials (e.g., hydrocortisone), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory materials, vitamins and derivatives thereof (e.g., thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K), hydroxy and alpha-hydroxy acids (e.g., salicylic acid, citric acid), moisturizers (e.g., silicone and non-silicone), and the like.
Particularly preferred cosmetic actives for use herein are Zinc Oxide, Petrolatum, dimethicone, Panthenyl Triacetate, Lactic Acid, Vitamin B3 and derivatives, Vitamin B5 and derivatives, green tea extract, hexamidine, polycarbophil, pectin, allantoin, hyaluronic acid, zinc pyrithione, zinc carbonate, stearyl alcohol and glycerin, amino peptide complexes, and mixtures thereof.
Derivatives of Vitamin B5 are believed to improve the condition of skin and to accelerate the rate of wound healing. This can be particularly advantageous when applied to intimate area skin that is irritated or cut during shaving. Liquid derivatives of Vitamin B5 are also believed to soften hair. Over repeated uses, this can allow a consumer to experience an easier or closer shave, and can make the pubic hair less itchy when it grows back. Lastly, it is believed that derivatives of Vitamin B5 can reduce the number and extent of shave bumps that occur from ingrown hair. These advantages appear to be more noticeable in the intimate area where sensitivity to itch, irritation, shave bumps, and hair regrowth is greater. Benefits can be noticeable in 1-2 days versus one week in the underarm. To be able to formulate Vitamin B5 into anhydrous media it is helpful to derivatize the vitamin so that it is sufficiently soluble in the anhydrous carrier while still retaining bioavailability for would healing properties. In one approach the degree of substitution may be 1.5-3 where the substitution chemistry contains one or more carbons and the derivative remain liquid at 75° F. (hair temperature) so that it can effectively plasticize and soften the hair shaft. Panthenyl triacetate is an exemplary Vitamin B5 derivative that is useful in compositions of the present invention.
Additional considerations regarding exemplary Vitamin B5 derivatives may apply. For example, in order to deliver Vitamin B5 (or a derivative thereof) from an anhydrous, hydrophobic, glycol free and antiperspirant free cosmetic stick, a corresponding matrix soluble form or derivative of Vitamin B5 must be used to achieve the desired benefits of hair softening, shave bump reduction and wound healing from shave cut damage. For example, if an incompatible or insoluble form of Vitamin B5 is used, such as panthenol, this will not form a homogenous one phase solution when the ingredients are blended and heated together from the melt. The panthenol will fall out of solution and not form a uniform stick. If the formulation contains cosmetic powders, such as cyclodextrin fragrance complexes, in the formulation the panthenol will cause particle aggregation and create hard lumps with an undesirable cosmetic feel on application of the stick.
As such, the Vitamin B5 derivative utilized should be soluble in the anhydrous, hydrophobic, glycol free and antiperspirant free matrix. As shown below this is achieved when R1, R2, R3 contain at least one or more carbon atoms, where R1, R2, R3 each contain one or more carbons, or where the derivative is panthenyl triacetate. Alternatively, suitable Vitamin B5 derivatives may be described via c Log P values for the Vitamin B5 derivative, where the c Log P value should be greater than about −1.0, preferably greater −0.6, and most preferably greater than 0.0. Where R1, R2, R3 contain one or more carbon atoms, where R1, R2, R3 each contain at least one carbon atom, or where the c Log P values are greater than −0.6, the derivative is oil soluble. The values for c Log P can be determined by the method which is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,688, issued to Scavone et al., specifically in columns 8 and 9.
As shown in Table 1, some exemplary derivatives of Vitamin B5 are provided some which are soluble and may be utilized in the anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention and some Vitamin B5 derivatives which are not soluble and would not provide an acceptable consumer experience during use and may provide limited functionality.
Volatile Solvents
The anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention can comprise from about 10% to about 95%, preferably from about 20% to about 80%, more preferably from about 30% to about 70%, by weight of a volatile solvent suitable for topical application. The solvent being a major constituent of a composition which as a whole is required to be anhydrous is preferably anhydrous.
“Volatile solvent” as used herein, refers to those materials that have measurable vapor pressure under ambient conditions. The volatile solvent can comprise a volatile silicone liquid. The concentration of the volatile silicone ranges from about 10% to about 90%, more preferably from about 15% to about 65%, even more preferably from about 30% to about 60%, by weight of the cosmetic stick composition. The volatile silicone may be a cyclic, linear or branched chain silicone having the requisite volatility as defined herein. Non-limiting examples of suitable volatile silicones are described in Todd et al., “Volatile Silicone Fluids for Cosmetics”, Cosmetics and Toiletries, 91:27-32 (1976), which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference. Preferred among these volatile silicones are the cyclic silicones having from about 3 to about 7, more preferably from about 5 to about 6, silicon atoms. Most preferably are those which conform to the formula:
wherein n is from about 3 to about 7, preferably from about 5 to about 6, most preferably 5. These volatile cyclic silicones generally have a viscosity value of less than about 10 centistokes. All viscosity values described herein are measured or determined under ambient conditions, unless otherwise specified. Examples of suitable volatile silicones for use herein include Cyclomethicone D-5 (commercially available from G. E. Silicones); Dow Corning 344, and Dow Corning 345 (commercially available from Dow Corning Corp.); and GE 7207, GE 7158 and Silicone Fluids SF-1202 and SF-1173 (available from General Electric Co.).
In addition to volatile silicone liquids the volatile solvent can also comprise volatile, nonpolar hydrocarbon liquids. In this context, the term “nonpolar” means that these volatile hydrocarbon liquids have a solubility parameter of less than about 7.5 (cal/cm3)0.5, most typically about 5.0 (cal/cm3)0.5 to less than about 7.5 (cal/cm3)0.5. These volatile, nonpolar hydrocarbon liquids preferably contain only hydrogen and carbon and therefore preferably contain no functional groups. Solubility parameters as described above are determined by methods well known in the chemical arts for establishing the relative polar character of a solvent or other material. A description of solubility parameters and means for determining them are described by C. D. Vaughan, “Solubility Effects in Product, Package, Penetration and Preservation” 103 Cosmetics and Toiletries 47-69, October 1988; and C. D. Vaughan, “Using Solubility Parameters in Cosmetics Formulation”, 36 J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists 319-333, September/October, 1988, which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
The nonpolar, volatile hydrocarbon liquid as a liquid carrier for use in the composition of the present invention is preferably a liquid paraffin and/or isoparaffin having the requisite volatility and nonpolar character. The nonpolar, volatile hydrocarbon liquids can have a cyclic, branched and/or chain configuration, and can be saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated.
Preferred volatile, nonpolar hydrocarbon liquids are branched chain hydrocarbons at a concentration of from about 1% to about 40%, more preferably from about 1% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, and having from about 6 to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms. These preferred hydrocarbon liquids will most typically be formulated as a combination of two or more of the above-described branched chain hydrocarbons, wherein the combination of two or more hydrocarbons have different molecular weights, number of carbon atoms, and/or chain configurations. Specific nonlimiting examples of such combinations include the isoparaffins available from Exxon Chemical Company, Baytown, Tex. U.S.A, sold as Isopar M (C13-C14 Isoparaffin), Isopar C (C7-C8 Isoparaffin), Isopar E (C8-C9 Isoparaffin), Isopar G (C10-11 Isoparaffin), Isopar L (C11-C13 Isoparaffin), Isopar H (C11-C12 Isoparaffin), and combinations thereof. Other nonlimiting examples of suitable branched chain hydrocarbons include Permethyl 99A (C12, isododecane), Permethyl 101A (C16, isohexadecane), Permethyl 102A (C20, isoeicosane), and combinations thereof. The Permethyl series are available from Presperse, Inc., South Plainfield, N.J., U.S.A. Other nonlimiting examples of suitable branched chain hydrocarbons include petroleum distallates such as those available from Phillips Chemical as Soltrol 130, Soltrol 150, Soltrol 170, and those available from Shell as Shell Sol-70, -71, and -2033.
Still other suitable isoparaffins include C9-C11 Isoparaffin, C9-C13 Isoparaffin, C9-C14 Isoparaffin, C10-C13 Isoparaffin, C12-C14 Isoparaffin, C13-C16 Isoparaffin, C14-C18 Isoparaffin, and hydrogenated polyisobutene available from Amoco as the Panalane Series and from Fanning Corporation as the Fancor P series.
Nonlimiting examples of other volatile, nonpolar hydrocarbon liquids suitable for use in the cosmetic stick compositions include paraffins such as dodecane, octane, decane and combinations thereof, and the Norpar series of paraffins available from Exxon Chemical Company such as Norpar-12, -13, and -15 and the Neosolve series of paraffins available from Shell. Yet another example includes C11-C15 alkanes/cycloalkanes, such as those available from Exxon as Exxsol D80.
Non-Volatile Solvent
The anhydrous cosmetic composition compositions of the present invention also can optionally comprise a non-volatile solvent. These non-volatile solvents may be either non-volatile organic fluids or non-volatile silicone fluids.
1. Non-Volatile Organic Fluids
The non-volatile organic fluid can be present at concentrations ranging from about 1%, from about 2% but no more than about 20% or no more than about 15%, by weight of the composition. Non-limiting examples of nonvolatile organic fluids include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, PPG-14 butyl ether, isopropyl myristate, petrolatum, butyl stearate, cetyl octanoate, butyl myristate, myristyl myristate, C12-15 alkylbenzoate (e.g., Finsolv™), dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, PPG-15 stearyl ether benzoate and blends thereof (e.g. Finsolv TPP), neopentyl glycol diheptanoate (e.g. Lexfeel 7 supplied by Inolex), octyldodecanol, isostearyl isostearate, octododecyl benzoate, isostearyl lactate, isostearyl palmitate, isononyl/isononoate, isoeicosane, octyldodecyl neopentanate, hydrogenated polyisobutane, and isobutyl stearate. Many such other carrier liquids are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,248 (Luebbe et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,489 (Swaile et al).
2. Nonvolatile Silicone Fluids
The non-volatile silicone fluid may be a liquid at or below human skin temperature, or otherwise in liquid form within the anhydrous cosmetic composition during or shortly after topical application: The concentration of the non-volatile silicone may be from about 1%, from about 2% but no more than about 15% or no more than about 10%, by weight of the composition. Non-volatile silicone fluids of the present invention may include those that conform to the formula:
wherein n is greater than or equal to 1. These linear silicone materials may generally have viscosity values of from about 5 centistokes or from about 10 centistokes to about 100,000 centistokes, or to about 500 centistokes or to about 200 centistokes or to about 50 centistokes, as measured under ambient conditions. Specific non limiting examples of suitable nonvolatile silicone fluids include Dow Corning 200, hexamethyldisiloxane, Dow Corning 225, Dow Corning 1732, Dow Corning 5732, Dow Corning 5750 (available from Dow Corning Corp.); and SF-96, SF-1066 and SF 18(350) Silicone Fluids (available from G.E. Silicones).
Low surface tension non-volatile silicone fluids may be also be used. Such solvents may be selected from the group consisting of dimethicones, dimethicone copolyols, phenyl trimethicones, alkyl dimethicones, alkyl methicones, and mixtures thereof. Low surface tension non-volatile solvents are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,835,373 (Kolodzik et al.).
In general it is preferred that in the anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention the weight ratio of volatile to non-volatile solvent is at least 1:1 and more preferably at least 2:1. Using these preferred ratios provides the additional benefit of reducing the risk of staining the garments which come in contact with the skin treated with the compositions of the invention.
Thickening Agents
The anhydrous cosmetic composition compositions of the present invention also can comprise thickening agents to help provide the composition with the desired viscosity, rheology, texture and/or product hardness, or to otherwise help suspend any dispersed solids or liquids within the composition. The term “thickening agent” may include any material known or otherwise effective in providing suspending, gelling, viscosifying, solidifying or thickening properties to the composition or which otherwise provide structure to the final product form. These thickening agents may include gelling agents, polymeric or nonpolymeric agents, inorganic thickening agents, or viscosifying agents. The thickening agents may include organic solids, silicone solids, crystalline or other gellants, inorganic particulates such as clays or silicas, or combinations thereof.
Preferred thickening agents are Gellants, for example triglyceride gellants.
The concentration and type of the thickening agent selected for use in the anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention will vary depending upon the desired product form, viscosity, and hardness. The thickening agents suitable for use herein, may have a concentration range from 2% to 45% by weight of the composition.
Non-limiting examples of suitable gelling agents of the present invention include fatty acid gellants, salts of fatty acids, hydroxyl acids, hydroxyl acid gellants, esters and amides of fatty acid or hydroxyl fatty acid gellants, cholesterolic materials, dibenzylidene alditols, lanolinolic materials, fatty alcohols, triglycerides, sucrose esters such as SEFA behenate, inorganic materials such as clays or silicas, other amide or polyamide gellants, and mixtures thereof. Concentrations of all such gelling agents may be from at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, or at least about 5% and no more than about 25%, no more than about 15%, or no more than about 10%, by weight of the composition.
Suitable gelling agents include fatty acid gellants such as fatty acid and hydroxyl or alpha hydroxyl fatty acids, having from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms, and ester and amides of such gelling agents. Non-limiting examples of such gelling agents include, but are not limited to, 12-hydroxystearic acid, 12-hydroxylauric acid, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, behenic acid, eurcic acid, stearic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, isostearic acid, and combinations thereof. Preferred gelling agents are 12-hydroxystearic acid, esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid, amides of 12-hydroxystearic acid and combinations thereof.
Other suitable gelling agents include amide gellants such as disubstituted or branched monoamide gellants, monsubstituted or branched diamide gellants, triamide gellants, and combinations thereof, including n-acyl amino acid derivatives such as n-acyl amino acid amides, n-acyl amino acid esters prepared from glutamic acid, lysine, glutamine, aspartic acid, and combinations thereof. Other suitable amide gelling agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,816, issued Jul. 4, 1995, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,287, filed Dec. 20, 1996.
Still other examples of suitable gelling agents include fatty alcohols having at least about 8 carbon atoms, at least about 12 carbon atoms but no more than about 40 carbon atoms, no more than about 30 carbon atoms, or no more than about 18 carbon atoms. For example, fatty alcohols include but are not limited to cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and combinations thereof.
Non limiting examples of suitable tryiglyceride gellants include tristearin, hydrogenated vegetable oil, trihydroxysterin (Thixcin® R, available from Rheox, Inc.), rape seed oil, castor wax, fish oils, tripalmitin, Syncrowax® HRC and Syncrowax® HGL-C(Syncrowax® available from Croda, Inc.).
Other suitable thickening agents include waxes or wax-like materials having a melt point of above 65° C., more typically from about 65° C. to about 130° C., examples of which include, but are not limited to, waxes such as beeswax, carnauba, bayberry, candelilla, montan, ozokerite, ceresin, hydrogenated castor oil (castor wax), synthetic waxes and microcrystalline waxes. Castor wax is preferred within this group. Other high melting point waxes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,049,792, Elsnau, issued Sep. 20, 1977.
Further thickening agents for use in the anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention may include inorganic particulate thickening agents such as clays and colloidal pyrogenic silica pigments. For example, colloidal pyrogenic silica pigments such as Cab-O-Sil®, a submicroscopic particulated pyrogenic silica may be used. Other known or otherwise effective inorganic particulate thickening agents that are commonly used in the art can also be used in the solid antiperspirant compositions of the present invention. Concentrations of particulate thickening agents may range, for example, from at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 5% but no more than about 35%, no more than about 15%, no more than about 10% or no more than about 8%, by weight of the composition.
Suitable clay thickening agents include montmorillonite clays, examples of which include bentonites, hectorites, and colloidal magnesium aluminum silicates. These and other suitable clays may be hydrophobically treated, and when so treated will generally be used in combination with a clay activator. Non-limiting examples of suitable clay activators include propylene carbonate, ethanol, and combinations thereof. When clay activators are present, the amount of clay activator will typically range from at least about 40%, at least about 25%, at least about 15% but no more than about 75%, no more than about 60%, or no more than about 50%, by weight of the clay.
Glycols
The anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention preferably comprise a low amount of propylene and dipropylene glycol. Preferably less than 1% wt. more preferably less than 0.1% wt. Even more preferably the anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention are free of propylene and dipropylene glycol. These glycols in this context may have a detrimental effect on skin irritation and also contribute to an anticipated release of the complexed or encapsulated compounds contained herein.
Prebiotics
The anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention may comprise prebiotics. Any suitable prebiotic may be included. Some suitable examples of prebiotics include one or more of a carbohydrate, carbohydrate monomer, carbohydrate oligomer, or carbohydrate polymer. Other suitable exemplary prebiotics include inulin, lactose, lactulose, raffinose, stachyose, fructooligossacharides, glucooligosaccharides, lactoferrin, mannan oligosaccharides, glucan oligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, lactosucrose, polydextrose, soybean oligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, paratinose oligosaccharides, transgalactosylated oligosaccharides, transgalactosylate disaccharides, gentiooligosaccharides, pecticoligosaccharides palatinose polycondensates, difructose anhydride III, sorbitol, maltitol, lactitol, polyols, polydextrose, reduced paratinose, cellulose, β-glucose, β-galactose, β-fructose, verbascose, galactinol, β-glucan, guar gum, pectin, sodium alginate, and lambda carrageenan and mixtures thereof. Additional suitable examples include human milk oligosaccharides as disclosed in US2013281948 A1, for example lactose, 2′-fucosyllactose, 3′-fucosyllactose, difucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose (type 1), lacto-N-neo-tetraose (type 2), lacto-N-fucopentaoses I, II, III, IV and V, lacto-N-fucohexaose I, lacto-N-hexaose, lacto-N-neohexaose, fucosyllacto-Nhexaose I and IV, fucosyllacto-N-neohexaose, lacto-N-difuco-hexaoses I and II, lacto-Noctaoses, sialya2-3lactose, sialya2-6lactose, sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose a, b and c, and disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose, and mixtures thereof. Still other suitable examples prebiotics include fucose-a(1®2)galalactose b as a disaccharide unit, 2′-fucosyllactose, 3′-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-difuco-tetraose, lacto-N-difuco-hexose I, lacto-N-difuco-hexose II, lacto-N-fucopentaose I, lacto-N-fucopentaose II, lacto-N-fucopentaose III, lacto-N-fucopentaose V, and mixtures thereof.
In some forms of the present invention, the prebiotic may comprise carob bean, citrus pectin, rice bran, locust bean, fructooligosaccharide, oligofructose, galactooligosaccharide, citrus pulp, annanoligosaccharides, arabinogalactan, lactosucrose, glucomannan, polydextrose, apple pomace, tomato pomace, carrot pomace, cassia gum, gum karaya, gum talha, gum arabic, and combinations thereof.
Optional Ingredients
The anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention may further comprise any optional material that is known for use in cosmetic compositions or other personal care products, or which are otherwise suitable for topical application to human skin. Non limiting examples of such other optional materials include dyes or colorants, emulsifiers, distributing agents, residue masking agents, inert fillers, preservatives, surfactants, processing aides such as viscosity modifiers, wash-off aids, and so forth. Other suitable optional materials include other solid gellants or waxes in addition to and other than the gellants described herein. Examples of such optional materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,049,792 (Elsnau); U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,375 (Tanner et al.); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,113 (Guskey), which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
It is especially preferred in the case of application to the intimate area for the composition of the present invention to be free of ingredients such as water that can promote growth of bacteria. It is also preferred for the compositions of the present invention to contain enough bacteria growth inhibiting ingredients to prevent bacteria from growing on the stick after application and reapplication to the intimate area (to prevent re-infection, in the case of bacterial infections such as bacterial vaginosis) typically at a level greater than 0.01% wt. The most preferred actives are Zinc Oxide or Hexamidine. Alternately, any acidic ingredient that lowers pH may be used to prevent or retard bacteria growth on the stick surface.
Product Forms: Solid Stick
The anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention can be for example in the form of a solid composition, e.g., as a solid stick. Cosmetic compositions in the form of sold sticks are known in the art and commonly used especially in the field of deodorants. Typically the solid stick has a waxy consistency and is commercialized within an applicator which facilitates application onto the skin. Applicators for topical compositions in stick form are known in the art and commonly marketed. When the stick is rubbed onto the skin a thin layer of composition is applied onto the skin due to the mechanical action and or the temperature of the body which partially melts the solid stick material on its surface. Solid stick product forms can hold an advantage over other product forms (such as, for example, lotions, creams and gels) because no drying or waiting is required before donning one's undergarments after rubbing the composition onto skin/hair in the intimate area. Solid stick product forms can also hold an advantage over sprays and other non-touch applications in that the user can more easily and accurately control application of the composition to skin the intimate area.
The solid stick compositions preferably comprise 5-45% wt. of a thickening agent which is a gellant and have a product hardness of at least about 600 gram·force, most typically from about 600 gram·force to about 5,000 gram·force, preferably from about 750 gram·force to about 2,000 gram·force, more preferably from about 800 gram·force to about 1,400 gram·force. The term “product hardness” or “hardness” as used herein is a reflection of how much force is required to move a penetration cone a specified distance and at a controlled rate into a cosmetic stick composition under the following test conditions. Higher values represent harder product, and lower values represent softer product. These values are measured at 27° C., 15% relative humidity, using a TA-XT2 Texture Analyzer, available from Texture Technology Corp., Scarsdale, N.Y., U.S.A. The product hardness value as used herein represents the peak force required to move a standard 45 DEG angle penetration cone through the composition for a distance of 10 mm at a rate of 2 mm/second. The standard cone is available from Texture Technology Corp., as part number TA-15, and has a total cone length of about 24.7 mm, angled cone length of about 18.3 mm, a maximum diameter of the angled surface of the cone of about 15.5 mm. The cone is a smooth, stainless steel construction and weighs about 17.8 grams.
In some forms of the present invention, the composition of the stick may be such that the stick is opaque, e.g. white. As applied, the stick may leave an opaque residue on the skin, e.g. white. The visible residue can be helpful for the user to see any areas that may have been missed. In some forms, as applied, the stick may leave a translucent residue on the skin. For example, for those forms where an opaque residue is desired, particles sizes of, for example, cosmetic actives may be chosen such that an opaque residue is achieved.
For those forms where a translucent residue is desired, the particle sizes of, for example, cosmetic actives may be chosen such that a translucent residue is achieved. For example, for those formulations utilizing zinc oxide, the particle size may be in the range of less than 100 nm-nano zinc oxide.
Product Forms: Lotion
Alternatively the anhydrous cosmetic composition of the present invention can be for example in the form of a lotion. In this case preferably the composition comprises 2-20% of gellant, wherein the gellant is one or more triglycerides gellant and wherein said composition has a hardness value of less than 600 gram force. Lotions according to the invention can be packaged and distributed in any known manner which is currently used for the distribution and application of topical lotions of creams. A particularly suitable dispensing means is a pressure relief applicator package. Also applicator packages suitable for a lotion according to the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,284.
In addition, the composition of the invention can be formulated to comprise elements that protect skin against insults from body fluids or mechanical damage by providing a substantive protective film on the skin including petrolatum, dimethicone and solid wax or triglyceride gellants. The composition can comprise hydrophobic panthenol derivatives that soften intimate hair to make it easier to shave, reduces shave bumps and reduces intimate itching as hair re-grows. For women facing urine leakage, additional protection can be added via Zinc Oxide that further helps with urine damaged skin. The composition can also be formulated by including non-volatile emollients that help to improve glide on application and to reduce residue impression, but kept at a level low enough as to prevent leaving visible greasy stains in intimate undergarments.
In some forms, the substantive protective film may comprise about 500 micrograms/cm2 to about 5000 microgram/cm2 of deposition of composition to intimate skin where applied. In some forms of the present invention, in addition to the foregoing range, the composition deposition levels may be from about 750 micrograms/cm2 to about 4000 microgram/cm2 or from about 1000 micrograms/cm2 to about 3500 micrograms/cm2, or any values within these ranges or any ranges created thereby.
Product Forms: Wipes/Applicators
Additional product forms are contemplated for application of the compositions described herein to the intimate skin. For example, a composition of the present disclosure may be provided on a wipe. The wipe may comprise any suitable substrate, e.g. a nonwoven, pad applicator, swab applicator, or the like. The wipe and/or applicator could be provided in a package comprising multiple wipes and/or applicators which were appropriately sized to allow for discrete carrying in a purse/handbag or the like. Alternatively, the wipe and/or applicator may be provided in a single use pack.
The following non-limiting examples illustrate specific embodiments of the cosmetic stick compositions of the present invention. Each is formulated by combining the solid thickening agents (gellants) and liquid carriers in a vessel equipped with a heat source. The combined solids and liquids are heated to a temperature ranging from 85° C. to 96° C. and agitated to dissolve the solid thickening agents until the mixture forms a homogeneous clear to slightly cloudy solution, at which point any solid cosmetic active is added to and dispersed throughout the heated solution while maintaining mixing. The complexed or encapsulated compounds are then added to the melted mixture. If using a cyclodextrin complex it is preferable to use a cyclodextrin complex with a degree of complexing greater than about 75% to prevent perfume from flashing or evaporating in the heating stage of the making process and to prevent compounds from the complex from blending in with the free perfume added separately. If needed, the mixture may then be milled to eliminate solid particles or clumps and render the composition smooth and free of large particles. It is especially preferred to use a spray dried cyclodextrin complex because the particles are free of hard glassy edges that will scratch the skin during use. Other methods of producing the complex (for example via extrusion, or via solvent crystallization) create hard glassy particles that scratch the skin. Finally, an optional perfume may be added at this stage, just prior to or after cooling. The resulting heated combination is then circulated through a scraped wall heat exchanger and cooled to 62° C. before filling the cooled mixture into plastic dispensing canisters and allowed to cool and solidify within the canisters over a 20 minute period (cooling rate of 2° C./min) through a forced air cooling tunnel having an air temperature of 21° C. The exemplified compositions are then placed in a constant temperature room maintained at 25° C. for a period of one week (7 days) after which they are evaluated for hardness according to the method described herein. Each of the exemplified compositions is applied topically to the appropriate area of the skin, in accordance with the methods of use described herein. All exemplified amounts are weight percentages based upon the total weight of the cosmetic stick composition, unless otherwise specified.
1Croda, Inc., New York, New York, USA
2Croda, Inc., New York, New York, USA
The above compositions are particularly effective when applied to the intimate area prior to application of an adult incontinence article (liner, pad or pants intended to capture urine leakage through the day). Because these sticks can be applied at much higher levels to the skin than is possible via previous methods of delivering skin actives via lotioned embibed absorbent articles, the effect is more pronounced in keeping wetness away from the skin and giving users greater skin comfort and odor protection throughout the day than was previously possible.
Alternately, this new form is particularly useful when applied to baby's skin after each diaper change to prevent diaper rash.
The present disclosure provides methods for grooming intimate area hair. Exemplary methods include the steps of: (a) cutting or removing hair from skin in the intimate area by at least one of the following: shaving, trimming, laser hair removal, epilation, waxing, chemical methods, and the like; (b) thereafter prepping the intimate area skin for application of a cosmetic product provided herein; (c) and rubbing an anhydrous cosmetic composition to the intimate area skin, wherein the anhydrous cosmetic composition is in the form of a solid stick. Prepping step (b) can include, for example, removing shaven hair, rinsing and/or washing the skin that has been shaved, and/or drying the skin that has been shaved. Step (a) can employ a razor that comprises a lubrication strip and/or a water-soluble cosmetic composition that is used in the place of a separately packaged shaving composition. Step (a) can also employ a trimmer, scissors or other device suitable for cutting human hair. These processes for step (a) focus on cutting hair in the intimate area either at or near skin level or some distance beyond the skin. These processes can cause irritation to the skin in the intimate area. Other suitable process for step (a) are contemplated. For example, laser hair removal, epilation, waxing, chemical methods, the like, or combinations thereof. In general these processes can similarly cause skin irritation just as the cutting processes described heretofore. Additionally, in some forms, while some may choose to skip step (b), the prepping of the skin, efficacy of the composition may negatively impacted if for example, shaven hair is left on the intimate skin and/or the intimate skin is wet.
The present disclosure also provides methods for managing incontinence. Exemplary methods include the steps of: (a) rubbing an anhydrous cosmetic composition onto skin and/or pubic hair in the intimate area, wherein the anhydrous cosmetic composition is in the form of a solid stick; (b) applying an incontinence absorbent article against the intimate skin area comprising the anhydrous cosmetic composition, wherein the incontinence absorbent article is a liner, a pad, or a pant.
Absorbent articles are generally in the form of a pad/liner or a pant (brief). While the absorbent articles useful for managing incontinence may take on various design configurations, they typically employ a liquid permeable topsheet, a liquid impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent structure disposed therebetween.
Pant 20 may comprise an absorbent chassis 38 to cover a crotch region of a wearer and a belt 40 extending transversely about the waist opening 36. The pant 20 may also optionally comprise an outer cover layer 42 to cover the chassis 38. The belt 40 may define the waist opening 36 in the pant 20. The belt 40, the chassis 38, and/or the outer cover layer 42 may jointly define the leg openings 34. In one embodiment, the pant 20 may have a patch sheet 44 printed with a graphic 46 thereon, which may be disposed in the front waist region 26, the rear waist region 28, or any other suitable portion of the pant 20. The belt 40 may be formed from a front belt 84 in the front waist region 26 and a rear belt 86 in the rear waist region 28. The front belt 84 may form a front waist edge 35 in the front waist region 26 and the rear belt 86 may form a rear waist edge 37 in the rear waist region 28. The front and rear waist edges 35 and 37 may be laterally opposed about the lateral central axis. The belt 40 may form a portion of an outer surface 22 or an inner surface 24 of the pant 20. In other embodiments, the belt 40, or portions thereof, may be disposed intermediate other layers of the chassis 38, such as a topsheet and a backsheet, for example.
Pant 20 may comprise front and rear belts 84 and 86 intended to encircle at least a portion of the waist of the wearer. The front and rear belts 84 and 86 together form at least a portion of, or all of, the belt 40 when joined. The front and rear belts 84 and 86 may be connected by the chassis 38 forming the crotch region 30 of the pant 20. The front and rear belts 84 and 86 may each be formed from a first belt layer 82 possibly forming a portion of the outer surface 22 of the pant 20 and a second belt layer 83 possibly forming a portion of the inner surface 24 of the pant 20. The first and second belt layers 82 and 83 may be comprised of any known materials. Various suitable materials may comprise films, plastic films, apertured plastic films, woven or nonwoven webs of natural materials (e.g., wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g., polyolefins, polyamides, polyester, polyethylene, or polypropylene fibers), or a combination of natural and/or synthetic fibers, stretchable nonwovens, or coated woven or nonwoven webs. The belt 40 may comprise an inner hydrophobic, nonwoven material and an outer hydrophobic, nonwoven material. The front and rear belts 84 and 86 may also comprise a plurality of elastic elements 85 disposed at least partially between the first and second belt layers 82 and 83 thereof and attached to at least one of the first and second belt layers 82 and 83 using adhesives or bonding, for example. The elastic elements 85 may comprise one or more elastic strands, elastic materials, elastomeric films, elastomeric ribbons, elastomeric nonwovens, elastomeric filaments, elastomeric adhesives, elastomeric foams, scrims, or combinations thereof.
The chassis 38 of the pant 20 may comprise a portion of the outer surface 22, a backsheet 60, a portion of the inner surface 24, a topsheet 58, and an absorbent core 62 disposed between at least a portion of the topsheet 58 and the backsheet 60. In addition, the chassis 38 may comprise elasticized barrier leg cuffs 64 disposed at or adjacent the side edges 48 of the chassis 38. The barrier leg cuffs 64 may provide improved containment of liquids and other body exudates or wastes in the crotch region 30 and may comprise a single layer of material which may be folded to form a barrier leg cuff having two layers. The barrier leg cuffs 64 may extend from the side of the chassis 38 at or adjacent the longitudinal side edge 48 toward the longitudinal central axis L1. The barrier leg cuffs 64 may be folded along the folding lines 66 back toward the longitudinal side edges 48. The front and rear belts 84 and 86 may overlap at least a portion of the chassis 38 and one or both of the front and rear belts 84 and 86 may be disposed on the outer surface 22 of the chassis 38, on the inner surface 24 of the chassis 38, or disposed intermediate various portions of the chassis 38.
In one embodiment, a portion of, or the whole of, the chassis 38 may be made extensible to a degree greater than the inherent extensibility of the material or materials from which the chassis 38 is made, e.g., the backsheet 60. The additional extensibility may be desirable in order to allow the chassis 38 to conform to the body of a wearer during movement by the wearer and or to provide adequate body coverage. The additional extensibility may also be desirable, for example, in order to allow the user of a pant including the chassis 38 having a particular size before extension to extend the front waist region 26, the rear waist region 28, or both of the waist regions of the chassis 38 to provide additional body coverage for wearers of differing size, i.e., to tailor the pant to the individual wearer. Such extension of the waist region or regions may give the chassis 38 a generally hourglass shape, so long as the crotch region 30 is extended to a relatively lesser degree than the waist region or regions, and may impart a tailored appearance to the pant 20 when it is donned or worn. In addition, the additional extensibility may be desirable in order to minimize the cost of the pant 20. For example, an amount of material that would otherwise be sufficient only to make a relatively smaller pant lacking this extensibility may be used to make an article capable of being extended to adequately cover a wearer that is larger than the unextended smaller pant would fit.
A portion of the chassis 38, for example, a portion of the chassis 38 in one or both of the waist regions 26 and 28 may be made laterally extensible to a maximum extensibility greater than a maximum extensibility of another portion of the chassis 38 in the crotch region 30 such that a lateral extension of each of the portions to its maximum extensibility imparts an hourglass shape to the chassis 38. In one embodiment, the portion of the chassis 38 underlying, overlying, and/or immediately adjacent one or both of the front and rear extensible belts 84 and 86 may be made laterally extensible to a maximum extensibility greater than a maximum extensibility of another portion of the chassis 38, for example the crotch region 30, such that a lateral extension of each of the portions to its maximum extensibility facilitates application of the pant 20 onto the body of a wearer by enabling the waist regions 26 and 28 to be extended to fit over the wearer's hips and in addition, opening and orienting the leg openings enabling the wearer to place the legs through the openings more effectively.
In one particular form, the liquid pervious topsheet 58 may be positioned adjacent the body-facing surface of the absorbent core 62 and may be joined thereto and/or to the backsheet 60 by any attachment means known to those of skill in the art. The liquid impervious backsheet 60 may generally be that portion of the pant 20 positioned adjacent the garment-facing surface of the absorbent core 62 and may prevent, or at least inhibit, the bodily exudates and wastes absorbed and contained in the absorbent core 62 from soiling garments that may contact the outer surface 22 of the pant 20.
The topsheet 58, the backsheet 60, and the absorbent core 62 may be manufactured of any known materials. Suitable topsheet materials may comprise porous foams; reticulated foams; apertured plastic films; or woven or nonwoven webs of natural fibers (e.g., wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester or polypropylene fibers), or a combination of natural and synthetic fibers. Suitable backsheet materials may include breathable materials that permit vapors to escape from the pant 20 while still preventing, or at least inhibiting, bodily exudates or wastes from passing through the backsheet 60. Such materials may include nonwoven materials, woven materials, films, and/or laminates comprising a combination of one or more of these materials. In one embodiment, the backsheet 60 may be a film and nonwoven laminate, wherein the nonwoven of the laminate forms the outer cover layer 42.
A suitable absorbent core 62 for use in the pant 20 may comprise any absorbent material which is generally compressible, conformable, non-irritating to the wearer's skin, and capable of absorbing and retaining liquids such as urine and other certain body exudates. In addition, the configuration and construction of the absorbent core 62 may also be varied (e.g., the absorbent core(s) or other absorbent structure(s) may have varying caliper zones, hydrophilic gradient(s), a superabsorbent gradient(s), or lower average density and lower average basis weight acquisition zones; or may comprise one or more layers or structures). In some embodiments, the absorbent core 62 may comprise a fluid acquisition component, a fluid distribution component, and/or a fluid storage component. An example of a suitable absorbent core having a fluid acquisition component, a fluid distribution component, and a fluid storage component is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,590,136.
In one particular form, the outer cover layer 42 may be disposed on the outer surface 22 of the pant 20 and may cover the crotch panel 56 of the absorbent chassis 38. The outer cover layer 42 may extend into and cover the front waist panel 52 and the rear waist panel 54 of the chassis 38. The outer cover layer 42 may form a portion of the backsheet 60 and/or the chassis 38. In one embodiment, the outer cover layer 42 may be directly joined to and cover a portion of, or all of, the liquid impervious backsheet 60 of the chassis 38. In various embodiments, the outer cover layer 42 may be disposed between the front and rear belts 84 and 86.
The outer cover layer 42 may comprise a material separate from the first and second belt layers 82 and 83 forming the belts 84 and 86. The outer cover layer 42 may comprise two or more layers of materials of any known materials including the materials used for the first and second belt layers 82 and 83. In one embodiment, the outer cover layer 42 may comprise a single layer of a nonwoven web of synthetic fibers. In various embodiments, the outer cover layer 42 may comprise a single layer of hydrophobic, non-stretchable nonwoven material. In one embodiment, the outer cover layer 42 may comprise a film, a foam, a nonwoven, a woven material, or the like and/or combinations thereof such as a laminate of a film and a nonwoven.
In one embodiment, the belt 40 may be at least partially formed, or fully formed, when the front and rear belts 84 and 86 are permanently or refastenably connecting together to form the seams 32. Any suitable seams may be formed, as known to those of skill in the art. The belt 40 may be ring-like and elastic. The ring-like elastic belt 40 may extend about the waist opening 36 of the pant 20 and act to dynamically create fitment forces and to distribute the forces dynamically generated during wear.
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm” In all instances in the present application wherein a percentage is mentioned it is intended to indicate a percentage by weight, unless specified otherwise.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 62/093,670 and 62/093,678, each filed on Dec. 18, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/251,789 filed on Nov. 6, 2015, each of which is incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62093670 | Dec 2014 | US | |
| 62251786 | Nov 2015 | US | |
| 62093678 | Dec 2014 | US |
