Patent Application
20050256305
The present invention relates to novel anionic monoazo dyes, a process for their preparation and the use of these dyes for dyeing natural or synthetic materials, in particular, paper.
Monoazo dyes based on coupling reactions of diazotised aromatic amines with 1,3,5-triazinyl-l-acid derivatives have previously been described, for example, in EP 548,795, solely in the form of reactive dyes for cotton.
Furthermore, in recent years, the use of concentrated aqueous solutions of dyes has gained importance because of the advantages possessed by such solutions when compared with dyes in powder form. The use of solutions avoids the difficulties associated with dust formation and releases the user from the time-consuming and frequently difficult dissolving of the dye powder in water. The use of concentrated solutions was also prompted by the development of continuous dyeing processes for paper, since it is convenient In these processes to meter the solution directly into the pulp stream or to add it at some other suitable point of the papermaking process.
Surprisingly, it has now been found that anionic dyes based on this chromophoric system are especially valuable for use in dyeing paper, since they possess highly desirable yellowish-red shades. Such shades of dyeings have, hitherto, only been attainable with difficulty, since no single dyestuff has been available and it has been necessary to incorporate mixtures of yellow and red dyes to obtain such shades. Furthermore, the dyes of the present invention exhibit high degrees of exhaustion under particular dyeing conditions, resulting in dyeings of exceptional brilliance not obtainable by the use of mixtures. In addition the dyes of the invention exhibit excellent water-solubility, thus enabling the ready preparation of concentrated liquid selling grades.
Accordingly, the invention relates to compounds of the formula
in which
More preferred compounds of formula (1) are those in which
Especially preferred compounds of formula (1) are those in which
Most especially preferred compounds of formula (1) are those in which
The sulphonic and/or carboxylic acid groups present in compounds of formula (1) may be present either in the form of the free acid or in the salt form, SO3M and/or CO2M. M is preferably one equivalent of a colourless cation, typically lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium or the protonated form of a C4-C12trialkylamine, C4-C12diamine, C2-C12-alkanolamine or of a polyglycol amine, conveniently, triethanolamine trisglycol ether, or mixtures of such cationic species.
M as a protonated C4-C12trialkylamine may, for example, be a protonated N-ethyl-dimethylamine, N,N-diethylmethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, tri-isobutylamine, and, preferably, triethylamine or triisopropylamine.
M as a protonated C4-C12diamine may, for example, be ethylenediamine, or 1,3-diaminopropane, in which one or both nitrogen atoms are additionally substituted by one or two C1-C4alkyl radicals, preferably methyl or ethyl radicals. M is preferably an N,N-dialkylethylenediamine or N,N-dialkyl-1,3-diaminopropane. Illustrative examples are: N-ethylethylenediamine, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N-diethylethylenediamine, 3-dimethylamino-1-propylamine or 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine. M as a protonated C2-C12alkanolamine may be the protonated form of a monoalkanolamine, dialkanolamine, monoalkanolmonoalkylamine, monoalkanoldialkylamine, dialkanolalkylamine or trialkanolamine or a mixture of different protonated alkanolamines. Illustrative examples are: protonated 2-aminoethanol, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)diethylamine, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylamine or tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-amine.
Within the scope of the definitions of R1 as C1-C4alkyl and R2 and/or R3 as C1-C4alkyl and/or C2-C6alkyl which is substituted by hydroxy, halogen or cyano, these alkyl radicals may be branched or unbranched, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl or n-hexyl.
Similarly, C1-C4alkoxy may be, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, isobutoxy or t-butoxy.
Halogen in the above formulae and radicals is iodine, bromine, fluorine or, especially, chlorine.
The dyes of formula (1) of the invention may be prepared by known methods, for example by reacting the diazonium salt of an amine of the formula
A-NH2 (2)
with either 2-amino- or 2-C1-C4alkylamino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-7-sulphonic acid (where n=0) or with 2-(4amino- or 4-C1-C4alkylaminobenzoyl)amino- or C1-C4alkylamino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-7-sulphonic acid (where n=1), reaction with cyanuric chloride and subsequent sequential reaction of the dichloro intermediate with amines D1H and D2H or, alternatively, reacting 2-amino- or 2-C1-C4 alkylamino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-7-sulphonic acid (where n=0) or 2-(4-amino- or 4-C1-C4alkylaminobenzoyl)amino- or C1-C4alkylamino-5-hydroxynaphalene-7-sulphonic acid (where n=1) with cyanuric chloride, followed by sequential reaction of the dichloro intermediate with amines D1H and D2H and, finally, reaction with the diazonium salt of the amine of formula (2), whereby A, D1, D2 and n are as previously defined, the latter procedure being preferred.
The dyes of the invention may be used to dye natural or synthetic materials, for example, cellulosic materials, carbonamide group containing materials such as polyamides, leather or glass fibres, but are particularly useful for dyeing paper. They are preferably used as a solid or liquid commercial form.
The pulverulent or granular form of the dye can be used particularly in batchwise pulp dyeing where the dye mixture, customarily in the form of a stock solution, is added in the pulper, in the beater or in the mixing chest. Preference is here given to using dye preparations which as well as the dye, may further include extenders, for example urea as solubilizer, dextrin, Glauber salt, sodium chloride and also dispersants, dustproofing agents and sequestrants, such as tetrasodium phosphate.
The present invention accordingly further provides solid dye preparations for dyeing paper comprising a compound of the formula (1) and, optionally, further auxiliaries.
The present invention further provides aqueous solutions, preferably concentrated solutions, for dyeing paper, comprising a compound of the formula (1), preferably in a concentration of from 5 to 30% by weight. Due to their excellent solubility in water, the dyes of formula (1) are particularly suitable for the preparation of such solutions.
The concentrated solutions preferably contain a low level of inorganic salts, which may be achieved, if necessary, by known methods, for example reverse osmosis.
The solutions may include further auxiliaries, for example solubilizers such as ε-caprolactam or urea, organic solvents, for example glycols, polyethylene glycols, dimethyl sulphoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetamide, alkanolamines or polyglycolamines, which is a still further aspect of the invention.
In addition, the aqueous dye solutions of the present invention may be applied to paper by use of the so-called spraying technique.
The novel dyes of the invention dye paper in predominantly reddish shades with excellent degrees of exhaustion with high colour strength, whilst being sufficiently water-soluble to provide stable aqueous formulations without the need for large quantities of solubilizers. Furthermore, dyeings obtained exhibit high degrees of bleed- and light-fastness and are readily bleachable.
Furthermore, as a result of their high colour strength and water solubility, the novel dyes of the invention are suitable for use in the ink-jet printing method.
Consequently, one further aspect of the invention is paper, which is dyed with a compound of the formula (1), either in the form of a solid dye preparation, or an aqueous solution, as described above, as well as the use of the compounds of formula (1), according to the invention, for dyeing paper.
The following examples serve to illustrate the invention without intending to be restrictive in nature. Parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.
(A) Synthesis of Intermediate Triazinylamino-l-acid Derivatives
36.9 g of cyanuric chloride are dissolved in 185ml of acetone and added to 200 g of ice water at 0° C. At an initial temperature of 0-50° C. and, subsequently, at 20° C., 28.7 g of ethanolamine are added drop wise with stirring, the pH being maintained at 5.5-6.5. After 2.5 hours, the temperature is increased to 40-50° C. and the pH maintained at 6.5-7.0 by addition of a total of 164 ml of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After a further 2 hours the consumption of sodium hydroxide ceases, the reaction mixture is stirred for a further 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature and the white suspension filtered. There are obtained 46.7 g of the disubstituted intermediate which are suspended in 300 g of water and treated with 47.9 g of l-acid (7-amino-4-hydroxy naphthalene-2-sulphonic acid). The resulting beige suspension is heated to 85° C. and the pH maintained at 3.0 by addition of a total of 94 ml of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After stirring for 3 hours reaction is complete, the pH is adjusted to 5.5 by addition of a further 8 ml of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the suspension cooled to room temperature and the precipitated solids filtered. There are obtained 77 g of the compound of formula (100a).
36.9 g of cyanuric chloride are dissolved in 185 ml of acetone and added to 200 g of ice water at 0° C. At an initial temperature of 0-5° C. and, subsequently, at 20° C., 28.7 g of ethanolamine are added drop wise with stirring, the pH being maintained at 5.5-6.5. After 2.5 hours, the temperature is increased to 40-50° C. and the pH maintained at 6.5-7.0 by addition of a total of 164 ml of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After a further 2 hours the consumption of sodium hydroxide ceases, the reaction mixture is stirred for a further 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature and the white suspension filtered. There are obtained 46.7 g of the disubstituted intermediate which are suspended in 300 g of water and treated with 71.7 g of p-aminobenzoyl-l-acid (7-(4-benzoylamino)-4-hydroxy naphthalene-2-sulphonic acid). The resulting beige suspension is heated to 100° C. and the pH maintained at 3.0 by addition of a total of 86 ml of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After stirring for 6 hours reaction is complete, the pH is adjusted to 5.7 by addition of a further 16 ml of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the suspension cooled to room temperature and the precipitated solids filtered. After purification by washing with dilute hydrochloric acid, there are obtained 80 g of the compound of formula (100b).
By proceeding in an analogous manner to that described in Examples 1 or 2, respectively, but replacing the ethanolamine by amines D1H and/or D2H, the following compounds of formula
are obtained, as summarized in Table 1 below.
(B) Synthesis of Dyes
4.5 g of 2-naphthylamine-6-sulphonic acid are suspended in 150 g of water and 5.7 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid and the suspension treated with a total of 5 ml of 4N aqueous sodium nitrite solution over 30 minutes at 0-5° C. The mixture is then stirred for a further 30 minutes and excess nitrite destroyed by addition of 3 ml of 2N aqueous sulphamic acid solution. The resulting orange suspension is then added over 30 minutes at 100° C. to a suspension of 11.3 g of compound (100a) in 100 g of water, the pH of which had previously been adjusted to 5.0 by addition of a small amount of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. During the addition, the pH is maintained at 5.0-5.5 by addition of a total of 27.9 ml of 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After stirring for a further 1.5 hours at room temperature, the pH is adjusted to 8-9 to dissolve excess of the coupling component and the solution salted out by addition of 80 g of sodium chloride. After stirring for a further 45 minutes, the resulting red suspension is filtered and the solids washed with a small quantity of water. After drying, there are obtained 8.2 g of the compound of formula (175).
11.2 g of 2-naphthylamine-7-sulphonic acid are suspended in 250 g of water and 14.2 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid and the suspension treated with a total of 12.5 ml of 4N aqueous sodium nitrite solution over 30 minutes at 0-5° C. The mixture is then stirred for a further 30 minutes and excess nitrite destroyed by addition of 1 ml of 2N aqueous sulphamic acid solution. The resulting orange suspension is then added over 1 hour at 10° C. to a suspension of 22.3 g of compound (100a) in 50 g of water, the pH of which had previously been adjusted to 5.5 by addition of a small amount of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. During the addition, the pH is maintained at 5.0-5.5 by addition of a total of 15.6 ml of 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After stirring for a further 3 hours at room temperature, the pH is adjusted to 8-9 to dissolve excess of the coupling component and the solution salted out by addition of 150 g of sodium chloride. After stirring for a further 15 minutes, the resulting red suspension is filtered and the solids washed with a small quantity of water. After drying, there are obtained 30 g of the compound of formula (176).
By proceeding in a manner analogous to that described in Examples 151 and 152, but replacing the 2-naphththylamine-6- or 7-sulphonic acid by an equivalent quantity of the appropriate amine, the following compounds of formula (4) are obtained, as summarized in Table 2 below.
2.3 g of 1-napthylamine-4-sulphonic acid are suspended in 100 g of water and 2.9 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid and the suspension treated with a total of 2.5 ml of 4N aqueous sodium nitrite solution over 30 minutes at 0-5° C. The mixture is then stirred for a further 30 minutes and excess nitrite destroyed by addition of a small quantity of 2N aqueous sulphamic acid solution. The resulting suspension is then added over 35 minutes at 10° C. to a suspension of 6.7 g of compound (100b) in 100 g of water, the pH of which had previously been adjusted to 6.0 by addition of a small amount of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. During the addition, the pH is maintained at 6.0-6.5 by addition of a total of 14.9 ml of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After stirring for a further 1 hour at room temperature, 80 ml of methanol and 45 g of sodium chloride are added. Stirring is continued for a further 15 minutes, the resulting red suspension is filtered and the solids washed with a small quality of water. After drying, there are obtained 7.5 g of the compound of formula (195).
4.95 g of 2-naphthylamine-6-sulphonic acid are suspended in 100 g of water and 5.7 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid and the suspension treated with a total of 5.1 ml of 4N aqueous sodium nitrite solution over 30 minutes at 0-5° C. The mixture is then stirred for a further 30 minutes and excess nitrite destroyed by addition of a small quantity of 2N aqueous sulphamic acid solution. The resulting suspension is then added over 1 hour at 10° C. to a suspension of 13.3 g of compound (100b) in 100 g of water, the pH of which had previously been adjusted to 5.5 by addition of a small amount of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. During the addition, the pH is maintained at 5.0-5.5 by addition of a total of 13.2 ml of 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After stirring for a further 4 hours at room temperature, 250 ml of methanol and 35 g of sodium chloride are added. Stirring is continued for a further 30 minutes, the resulting red suspension is filtered and the solids washed with a small quantity of water. After drying, there are obtained 11.0 g of the compound of formula (196).
3.7g of 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulphonic acid are suspended in 50 g of water and 2.85 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid and the suspension treated with a total of 2.5 ml of 4N aqueous sodium nitrite solution over 30 minutes at 0-5° C. The mixture is then stirred for a further 1 hour and excess nitrite destroyed by addition of a small quantity of 2N aqueous sulphamic acid solution. The resulting suspension is then added over 40 minutes at 10° C. to a suspension of 6.7 g of compound (100b) in 10 g of water, the pH of which had previously been adjusted to 5.0 by addition of a small amount of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. During the addition, the pH is maintained at 5.0-6.0 by addition of a total of 18.3 ml of 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After stirring for a further 1 hour at room temperature, 150 ml of methanol and 50 g of sodium chloride are added. Stirring is continued for a further 30 minutes, the resulting orange suspension is filtered and the solids washed with a small quantity of water. After drying, there are obtained 8.2 g of the compound of formula (197).
By proceeding in a manner analogous to that described in Examples 171-173, but replacing the 1-naphthylamine-4-sulphonic acid, 2-naphthylamine-6-sulphonic acid or the 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulphonic acid by an equivalent quantity of the appropriate amine, the following compounds of formula (5) are obtained, as summarized in Table 3 below.
Furthermore, by proceeding in a manner analogous to that described for the preparation of the above dyes but utilizing the intermediates (101a)-(174b) described in Table 1 together with the amines described in Examples 151-190, dyes of the corresponding formulae (4) and (5) may also be obtained.
A mixture of 50% long fibre spruce sulphite bleached and 50% short fibre beech sulphite bleached fibres is suspended in deionised water, as a 2% suspension, and refined and beaten to 22° SR (Schopper Riegler). After dewatering by means of a centrifuge and testing for dry weight, the equivalent to 10 g of dry fibre are placed in a beaker and made up to the volume of 500 ml with tap water. After stirring for 1 hour, sufficient of the appropriate compound to produce a dyeing of 0.2 standard depth, based on the weight of dry fibre, as a 5 g/l aqueous solution is added to the furnish suspension and stirring continued for a further 15 minutes. The suspension is made up to 700 ml with water and from 300 ml of the resulting suspension a hand sheet is produced using a Lhomargy sheet former. After drying on a cylinder at 90° C. for 12 minutes, the CIELab coordinates and degrees of exhaustion of the dyes in the dyeings obtained are measured. The backwater ratings of the effluents are also assessed on a scale of from 1 (very highly coloured) to 5 (colourless backwater). The results are summarized in Table 4 below.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 02405652.5 | Jul 2002 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP03/07770 | 7/17/2003 | WO | 1/11/2005 |
