Patent Grant
9725980
This application is the U.S. national phase of International Application No. PCT/EP2012/066870 filed 30 Aug. 2012 which designated the U.S. and claims priority to EP Patent Application No. 11179545.6 filed 31 Aug. 2011, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to an annular barrier arranged in a borehole for providing zone isolation between a first zone and a second zone. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an annular barrier system as well as to a method of placing an annular barrier in an annulus and a method of using annular barriers in an annulus to seal off an inflow control section.
In wellbores, annular barriers are used for different purposes, such as for providing an isolation barrier. An annular barrier has a tubular part mounted as part of the well tubular structure, such as the production casing, which is surrounded by an annular expandable sleeve. The expandable sleeve is typically made of an elastomeric material, but may also be made of metal. The sleeve is fastened at its ends to the tubular part of the annular barrier.
In order to seal off a zone between a well tubular structure and the borehole or an inner and an outer tubular structure, a second annular barrier is used. The first annular barrier is expanded on one side of the zone to be sealed off, and the second annular barrier is expanded on the other side of that zone, and in this way, the zone is sealed off.
The pressure envelope of a well is governed by the burst rating of the tubular and the well hardware etc. used within the well construction. In some circumstances, the expandable sleeve of an annular barrier may be expanded by increasing the pressure within the well, which is the most cost-efficient way of expanding the sleeve. The burst rating of a well defines the maximum pressure that can be applied to the well for expanding the sleeve, and it is desirable to minimise the expansion pressure required for expanding the sleeve in order to minimise the exposure of the well to the expansion pressure.
When expanded, annular barriers may be subjected to a continuous pressure or a periodic high pressure from the outside, either in the form of hydraulic pressure within the well environment or in the form of formation pressure. In some circumstances, such pressure may cause the annular barrier to collapse, which may have severe consequences for the area which is to be sealed off by the barrier as the sealing properties are lost due to the collapse.
Current requirements for collapse ratings have lead to the use of increasingly higher expansion pressures. However, not only burst ratings are affected by increasing expansion pressures, also a variety of downhole tools may become ineffective or stop functioning under high pressures. Therefore, some wells have limited the allowed expansion pressure used in the well to protect tools and instruments present in the well. The problem may be circumvented by decreasing the thickness or strength of the expandable sleeve. However, this impairs the collapse rating.
It is an object of the present invention to wholly or partly overcome the above disadvantages and drawbacks of the prior art. More specifically, it is an object to provide an annular barrier being expandable without damaging other components in the completion and without reducing the collapse rating of the annular barrier.
The above objects, together with numerous other objects, advantages, and features, which will become evident from the below description, are accomplished by a solution in accordance with the present invention by an annular barrier to be expanded in an annulus between a well tubular structure and an inside wall of a borehole for providing zone isolation between a first zone and a second zone of the borehole, comprising:
The pressure intensifying means may further comprise a second one-way check valve arranged between the feed fluid connection and the outlet of the pressure intensifying means for preventing pressurised fluid from entering the second cylinder during decompression of fluid by the piston and for allowing pressurised fluid to exit the pressure intensifying means through the outlet during compression of fluid by the piston.
In one embodiment, the pressure intensifying means may comprise a piston having a first end and a second end, the piston being slidably arranged within a piston housing, and the first end of the piston may have a first end surface area larger than a second end surface area of the second end of the piston.
In another embodiment, the pressure intensifying means may comprise a piston having a first end and a second end, the piston being slidably arranged within a piston housing, and the first end of the piston may have a first end surface area larger than a second end surface area of the second end of the piston, and the piston housing may comprise two cylinders; a first cylinder having a first diameter fitting the first end of the piston and a second cylinder having a second diameter smaller than the first diameter and fitting the second end of the piston.
Also, the pressure intensifying means may comprise a plurality of pressure intensifying means.
Moreover, the pressure intensifying means may comprise a plurality of pistons.
Additionally, the outlet of the pressure intensifying means may comprise a pressure collecting chamber in fluid communication with a plurality of second ends of the plurality of pistons and in fluid communication with the annular barrier space.
Further, an excess fluid connection between the pressure intensifying means and the borehole may allow fluid to flow from the pressure intensifying means into the borehole.
In an embodiment, the pressure intensifying means may comprise a void within the piston housing between the first end and the second end of the piston.
Said void may be pressurised before use with atmospheric pressure.
The annular barrier as described above may further comprise a one-way valve arranged in fluid communication with the outlet of the pressure intensifying means and the annular barrier space, prohibiting fluid flow from the annular barrier space towards the pressure intensifying means.
The annular barrier as described above may also comprise a one-way valve arranged in fluid communication with the borehole and the annular barrier space, allowing fluid flow from the borehole into the annular barrier space.
Also, the annular barrier according to the present invention may comprise a first and a second pressure intensifying means arranged in series, the first pressure intensifying means comprising a first inlet and a first outlet and the first inlet being in fluid communication with the expansion opening, the second pressure intensifying means comprising a second inlet and a second outlet and the second outlet being in fluid communication with the annular barrier space.
In addition, the annular barrier may comprise a first and a second pressure intensifying means and at least one intermediate pressure intensifying means arranged in series, the first pressure intensifying means comprising a first inlet and a first outlet and the first inlet being in fluid communication with the expansion opening, the second pressure intensifying means comprising a second inlet and a second outlet and the second outlet being in fluid communication with the annular barrier space, and the at least one intermediate pressure intensifying means may comprise an intermediate inlet in fluid communication with the first outlet and an intermediate outlet being in fluid connection with second inlet.
Several intermediate pressure intensifying means may be placed in series, and neighbouring intermediate pressure intensifying means may comprise intermediate outlets being in fluid communication with intermediate inlets.
In one embodiment, the pressure intensifying means may comprise a hydraulic pressure intensifier.
Moreover, the hydraulic pressure intensifier may comprise a first cylinder having a first internal cross-sectional area in the first end of the pressure intensifying means and a second cylinder having a second internal cross-sectional area in the second end of the pressure intensifying means.
Furthermore, the hydraulic pressure intensifier may comprise a pilot control valve for controlling fluid communication between the first cylinder, the inlet of the pressure intensifying means and an excess fluid connection providing fluid communication from the pressure intensifying means to the borehole, the pilot control valve having two positions; a first position wherein fluid communication is provided between the first cylinder and the inlet of the pressure intensifying means for applying expansion fluid in the first cylinder during pressurisation and a second position providing fluid communication between the first cylinder and the excess fluid connection during retraction of the piston, enabling the expansion fluid to exit the first cylinder, and wherein the pilot control valve may be switched between said first and second positions by a pilot.
The hydraulic pressure intensifier may further comprise a first one-way check valve and a second one-way check valve, the first one-way check valve allowing expansion fluid to flow from the inlet of the pressure intensifying means into the second cylinder, but prohibits the pressure intensified fluid from flowing back from the second cylinder towards the inlet of the pressure intensifying means and the second one-way check valve, allowing pressure intensified expansion fluid to flow from the second cylinder towards the outlet of the pressure intensifying means and into the annular barrier space, but prohibits the pressure intensified fluid from flowing back from the annular barrier space towards the second cylinder.
In an embodiment, the excess fluid connection may comprise a filter.
Furthermore, the pressure intensifying means may comprise a double-acting piston.
The pressure intensifying means may comprise the double-acting piston further comprising a first and a second pilot control valve for controlling fluid communication between a first end and a second end of a first cylinder, a fluid direction control valve and a first and second excess fluid connection providing fluid communication from the pressure intensifying means to the borehole, the first pilot control valve having two positions; a first position wherein fluid communication is provided between the first end of the first cylinder and the fluid direction control valve for applying expansion fluid in the first end of the cylinder during pressurisation of a second end of a second cylinder, and a second position wherein fluid communication is provided between the first cylinder and the first excess fluid connection, and the second pilot control valve having two positions; a first position wherein fluid communication is provided between the second end of the first cylinder and the fluid direction control valve for applying expansion fluid in the second end of the first cylinder during pressurisation of a first end of a second cylinder, and a second position wherein fluid communication is provided between the second end of the first cylinder and the second excess fluid connection.
Said fluid direction control valve may be controlled by a first and a second pilot, the first pilot determining when the piston reaches a stop position in the first end of the first cylinder and the second pilot determining when the piston reaches a stop position in the second end of the first cylinder.
Also, the pressure intensifying means may comprise a hydraulic pressure intensifier with a double-acting piston.
In an embodiment, the pressure intensifying means may comprise a pressurised gas, and the pressurised gas may be released into the annular barrier by releasing a gas control valve by the expansion fluid.
Moreover, a second pressure intensifying means may be arranged in an end of the annular barrier opposite to the pressure intensifying means.
The present invention further relates to an annular barrier system comprising:
The present invention also relates to a method of placing an annular barrier as described above in an annulus, comprising the steps of:
Finally, the present invention relates to a method of using annular barriers as described above in an annulus to seal off an inflow control section, comprising the steps of:
The invention and its many advantages will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, which for the purpose of illustration show some non-limiting embodiments and in which
All the figures are highly schematic and not necessarily to scale, and they show only those parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the invention, other parts being omitted or merely suggested.
By arranging a pressure intensifying means between the expansion opening and the annular barrier space, a pressure provided within the well may be kept at a certain level that other components or parts of the completion can withstand, while significantly increasing the expansion pressure within the annular barrier space. By only increasing the expansion pressure within the annular barrier, the remaining part of the well may be pressurised at a pressure much lower than the expansion pressure in the annular barrier space required to expand the expandable sleeve when mounting an annular barrier according to the invention. A low pressure in the well is desirable for safety reasons, as some parts or components of the well will be damaged above a certain pressure, and in some well types providing a high pressure is even impossible. Therefore, the ability to expand annular barriers at a lower pressure may provide a more versatile annular barrier suitable for more types of wells and annular barriers can be used in more types of wells. Also, the annular barrier can be used in wells capable of withstanding high pressures, as the annular barrier may be significantly strengthened without requiring an additionally high burst rating of the well since a pressure intensified expansion fluid F2 may expand a much stronger annular barrier. The stronger annular barrier may therefore be more resistant to collapse, loss of sealing effect and corrosion.
In
Both pistons and plungers may be used in various embodiments of the invention. However, only the term piston will be used in the following to describe a moving element arranged in a cylinder to displace a fluid. The person skilled knows the advantages and disadvantages of using pistons or plungers.
Annular barriers 1 according to the present invention are typically mounted to form part of the well tubular structure, such as a production casing, before lowering the well tubular structure 300 into the borehole downhole. The well tubular structure 300 is constructed by well tubular structure parts assembled as a long well tubular structure string. The annular barriers 1 are mounted between other well tubular structure parts, such as inflow control sections, fracturing port section, etc. when mounting the well tubular structure string. The tubular part 2 may be connected with the well tubular structure parts, e.g. by means of a thread connection (not shown).
The annular barrier 1 is used for a variety of purposes, all of which require that the expandable sleeve 3 of the annular barrier 1 is expanded so that the sleeve abuts the inside wall 200 of the borehole. The unexpanded sleeve has a cylindrical shape, and at its ends it is connected with the tubular part by connection means 50. The expandable sleeve 3 is expanded by letting pressurised fluid in through the expansion opening 9 of the tubular part through the pressure intensifying means and into the annular barrier space 30 between the expandable sleeve 3 and the tubular part 2.
As explained above, the space is very limited when operating downhole. However, speed is another important factor which may lower the downhole operation time and thereby lower costs of downhole operations.
The piston housing may comprise two cylinders, a first cylinder 65 having a first diameter fitting the first end of the piston and a second cylinder 66 having a second diameter smaller than the first diameter fitting the second end of the piston.
The pressure intensifying means shown in
In order to prevent fluids containing dirty particles from entering the pressure intensifying means through the excess fluid connection 13, typically a filter 70 will be placed in the excess fluid connection, during normal operation of the pressure intensifying means. However, only excess fluid will exit the excess fluid connection into the borehole. However, under special circumstances, such as high pressure fluctuations in the borehole, the filter may become important to the environment inside the pressure intensifying means.
As shown in
The pressure intensifying means 10 shown in
The pressure intensifying means comprising a double-acting piston may further comprise a first and a second pilot control valve 67a, 67b for controlling fluid communication between a first and a second end of a first cylinder 65a, 65b, a fluid direction control valve 71 and a first and a second excess fluid connection 13a, 13b providing fluid communication from the pressure intensifying means to the borehole 100. As is the case for the pressure intensifying means shown in
In some embodiments (not shown), the pressure intensifying means may comprise a pressurised gas which may be released into the annular barrier by releasing a gas control valve by the expansion fluid.
By placing pressure intensifying means in series, a higher pressure may be obtained in the pressure intensified fluid F2 used to expand the expandable sleeve 3.
An annular barrier system according to the invention comprises a well tubular structure and at least one annular barrier arranged as part of the tubular structure. A plurality of annular barriers are mounted as part of the well tubular structure during completion of the well, e.g. to fix the well tubular structure in the borehole and to provide zone isolation. Other annular barriers may be applied to seal off specific volumes in the borehole, e.g. an inflow control zone 600 as that shown in
A method of placing an annular barrier 1 in an annulus comprises the steps of connecting the annular barrier with a well tubular structure 300 and then placing the unexpanded annular barrier in a desired position downhole. When the barrier is in position, an expansion fluid may be pressurised within the tubular part, thereby forcing the fluid to enter the expansion opening. When the expansion enters the expansion opening 9 and thereafter the pressure intensifying means 10, the pressure in the annular barrier space 30 begins to intensify by means of the pressure intensifying means, thereby expanding the expandable sleeve.
Furthermore, a method of using annular barriers in an annulus to seal off an inflow control section comprises the steps of connecting two annular barriers with other well tubular structure parts and in between them an inflow control section 600 and then placing the two annular barriers and the inflow control section in a desired position downhole. When the two barriers and the inflow control section is in place, the tubular part 2 is pressurised by the expansion fluid, and the annular barriers are expanded by the pressure intensified expansion fluid F2 from within the tubular part by means of the pressure intensifying means, thereby providing a zone isolation between a first zone 102 and a second zone 103 of the borehole. The first zone now has a first fluid pressure and the second zone has a second fluid pressure and the pressure of the tubular part may be stopped and the inflow control section may be activated for starting a production of fluid into the well tubular structure.
The pressurised fluid used to expand the annular barrier may either be pressurised from the top of the borehole 100 and fed through the well tubular structure 300, or be pressurised in a locally sealed off zone in the well tubular structure. The expansion fluid is applied until the expandable sleeve 3 abuts the inside wall 200 of the borehole, which is shown in
When the expandable sleeve 3 of the annular barrier 1 is expanded, the diameter of the sleeve is expanded from its initial unexpanded diameter to a larger diameter. The expandable sleeve 3 has an outside diameter D and is capable of expanding to an at least 10% larger diameter, preferably an at least 15% larger diameter, more preferably an at least 30% larger diameter than that of an unexpanded sleeve.
Furthermore, the expandable sleeve 3 has a wall thickness t which is smaller than a length L of the expandable sleeve, the thickness preferably being less than 25% of the length, more preferably less than 15% of the length, and even more preferably less than 10% of the length.
The expandable sleeve 3 of the annular barrier 1 may be made of metal, polymers, an elastomeric material, silicone, or natural or synthetic rubber.
In order to increase the thickness of the sleeve 3, additional material may be applied (not shown) onto the expandable sleeve, e.g. by adding welded material onto the outer face.
In another embodiment, the thickness of the sleeve 3 is increased by fastening a ring-shaped part onto the sleeve (not shown).
In yet another embodiment, the increased thickness of the sleeve 3 is facilitated using a varying thickness sleeve 3 (not shown). To obtain a sleeve of varying thickness, techniques such as rolling, extrusion or die-casting may be used.
An expansion tool may be used to expand the annular barrier and may comprise an isolation device for isolating a first section outside the passage or valve between an outside wall of the tool and the inside wall of the well tubular structure. The pressurised fluid is obtained by increasing the pressure of the fluid in the isolation device. When a section of the well tubular structure outside the passage of the tubular part is isolated, it is not necessary to pressurise the fluid in the entire well tubular structure, just as no additional plug is needed as is the case in prior art solutions. When the fluid has been injected into the annular barrier space, the passage or valve is closed.
The tool may also use coiled tubing for expanding the expandable sleeve 3 of an annular barrier 1 or of two annular barriers at the same time. A tool with coiled tubing can pressurise the fluid in the well tubular structure without having to isolate a section of the well tubular structure. However, the tool may need to plug the well tubular structure further down the borehole from the two annular barriers or barriers 1 to be operated. The annular barrier system of the present invention may also employ a drill pipe or a wireline tool to expand the sleeve.
In one embodiment, the tool comprises a reservoir containing the pressurised fluid, e.g. when the fluid used for expanding the sleeve 3 is cement, gas or a two-component compound.
The well tubular structure can be the production tubing or casing or a similar kind of tubing downhole in a well or a borehole. The annular barrier 1 can be used both between the inner production tubing and an outer tubing in the borehole or between a tubing and the inner wall of the borehole. A well may have several kinds of tubing, and the annular barrier 1 of the present invention can be mounted for use in all of them.
The valve may be any kind of valve capable of controlling flow, such as a ball valve, butterfly valve, choke valve, check valve or non-return valve, diaphragm valve, expansion valve, gate valve, globe valve, knife valve, needle valve, piston valve, pinch valve or plug valve.
The expandable tubular metal sleeve 3 may be a cold-drawn or hot-drawn tubular structure. The sleeve may be seamless or welded.
The expandable tubular metal sleeve 3 may be extruded, die-cast or rolled, e.g. hot-rolled, cold-rolled, roll-bended etc., and subsequently welded.
The fluid used for expanding the expandable sleeve 3 may be any kind of well fluid present in the borehole surrounding the tool and/or the well tubular structure. Also, the fluid may be cement, gas, water, polymers, or a two-component compound, such as powder or particles mixing or reacting with a binding or hardening agent. Part of the fluid, such as the hardening agent, may be present in the annular barrier space before injecting a subsequent fluid into the annular barrier space.
Although the invention has been described in the above in connection with preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be evident for a person skilled in the art that several modifications are conceivable without departing from the invention as defined by the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11179545 | Aug 2011 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2012/066870 | 8/30/2012 | WO | 00 | 2/11/2014 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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| WO2013/030283 | 3/7/2013 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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