Patent Grant
10935245
The present subject matter relates generally to gas turbine engine combustion assemblies. More particularly, the present subject matter relates to a premixing fuel nozzle assembly for gas turbine engine combustors.
Aircraft and industrial gas turbine engines include a combustor in which fuel is burned to input energy to the engine cycle. Typical combustors incorporate one or more fuel nozzles whose function is to introduce liquid or gaseous fuel into an air flow stream so that it can atomize and burn. General gas turbine engine combustion design criteria include optimizing the mixture and combustion of a fuel and air to produce high-energy combustion while minimizing emissions such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons, as well as minimizing combustion tones due, in part, to pressure oscillations during combustion. Additionally, general gas turbine engine combustion design must produce gas turbine engine operability at full power condition as well as part power conditions without producing undesirable emissions outputs or pressure oscillations.
Therefore, a need exists for a fuel nozzle or combustion assembly that may produce high-energy combustion while minimizing emissions and combustion instability at full power and part power conditions.
Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
An aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a fuel nozzle for a gas turbine engine. The fuel nozzle includes an outer sleeve extended circumferentially around a fuel nozzle centerline and extended along a longitudinal direction substantially co-directional to the fuel nozzle centerline. The outer sleeve defines a plurality of first radially oriented air inlet ports through the outer sleeve in circumferential arrangement relative to the fuel nozzle centerline. The fuel nozzle further includes a centerbody positioned radially inward of the outer sleeve. The centerbody is extended along the longitudinal direction substantially co-directional to the fuel nozzle centerline and wherein the centerbody is concentric to the fuel nozzle centerline and the outer sleeve. The centerbody defines a plurality of second radially oriented air inlet ports through the centerbody in circumferential arrangement relative to the fuel nozzle centerline. The centerbody further defines an annular centerbody groove or depression relative to the fuel nozzle centerline at a downstream end directly adjacent to a combustion chamber. The fuel nozzle further includes an inner sleeve extended circumferentially around the fuel nozzle centerline and extended along the longitudinal direction substantially co-directional to the fuel nozzle centerline. The inner sleeve is positioned radially between the outer sleeve and the centerbody. The inner sleeve further defines an annular inner sleeve depression relative to the fuel nozzle centerline at the downstream end directly adjacent to the combustion chamber. The outer sleeve and the inner sleeve together define a first fuel air mixing passage radially therebetween and extended substantially along the longitudinal direction in direct fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The inner sleeve and the centerbody together further define a second fuel air mixing passage radially therebetween and extended substantially along the longitudinal direction in direct fluid communication with the combustion chamber.
In one embodiment, the first fuel air mixing passage is extended circumferentially around the fuel nozzle centerline between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve.
In another embodiment, the second fuel air mixing passage is extended circumferentially around the fuel nozzle centerline between the inner sleeve and the centerbody.
In various embodiments, the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve, and the centerbody are together in concentric arrangement relative to the fuel nozzle centerline. In one embodiment, the first fuel air mixing passage and the second fuel air mixing passage are in concentric arrangement relative to the fuel nozzle centerline.
In still various embodiments, the fuel nozzle further includes an end wall positioned at an upstream end of the fuel nozzle, in which the end wall is coupled to the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve, and the centerbody. In one embodiment, the end wall defines a first fuel injection port in fluid communication with the first fuel air mixing passage, in which the end wall is configured to provide a flow of fuel to the first fuel air mixing passage via the first fuel injection port. In another embodiment, the plurality of first radially oriented air inlet ports are defined directly radially outward of a first fuel injection exit opening defined at the first fuel injection port in direct fluid communication with the first fuel air mixing passage. In still another embodiment, the first fuel injection port is extended substantially along the longitudinal direction.
In still various embodiments, the end wall defines a second fuel injection port in fluid communication with the second fuel air mixing passage, in which the end wall is configured to provide a flow of fuel to the second fuel air mixing passage via the second fuel injection port. In one embodiment, the plurality of second radially oriented air inlet ports are defined directly radially inward of a second fuel injection exit opening defined at the second fuel injection port in direct fluid communication with the second fuel air mixing passage. In another embodiment, the second fuel injection port is extended substantially along the longitudinal direction.
In one embodiment, the centerbody defines a substantially radially oriented centerbody fuel injection port configured to provide a jet-in-crossflow flow of fuel to the second fuel air mixing passage.
In another embodiment, the centerbody defines a substantially longitudinally oriented centerbody fuel injection port configured to provide a substantially longitudinal flow of fuel to the combustion chamber.
In still another embodiment, the inner sleeve defines a plurality of third radially oriented air inlet ports through the inner sleeve in circumferential arrangement relative to the fuel nozzle centerline.
In yet another embodiment, the first fuel air mixing passage defines a first exit height at the downstream end of the first fuel air mixing passage directly adjacent to the combustion chamber, in which the first exit height is between an inner surface of the outer sleeve and an outer surface of the inner sleeve, and further wherein the first exit height is between approximately 0.25 centimeters and approximately 0.90 centimeters.
In still yet another embodiment, the second fuel air mixing passage defines a second exit height at the downstream end of the second fuel air mixing passage directly adjacent to the combustion chamber, in which the second exit height is between an inner surface of the inner sleeve and an outer surface of the centerbody, and further wherein the second exit height is between approximately 0.25 centimeters and approximately 0.90 centimeters.
In one embodiment, the annular centerbody depression defines a substantially semi-circular cross sectional centerbody depression into the centerbody.
In another embodiment, the annular inner sleeve depression defines a substantially semi-circular cross sectional depression into the inner sleeve.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a gas turbine engine including a combustion section including a combustor assembly defining a combustion chamber. The combustion section further includes the fuel nozzle disposed adjacent to the combustion chamber configured to provide a flow of fuel to the combustion chamber.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features or elements of the present invention.
Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
As used herein, the terms “first”, “second”, and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to signify location or importance of the individual components.
The terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to the relative direction with respect to fluid flow in a fluid pathway. For example, “upstream” refers to the direction from which the fluid flows, and “downstream” refers to the direction to which the fluid flows.
Embodiments of a fuel nozzle that may produce high-energy combustion while minimizing emissions and combustion instability at full power and part power conditions are generally provided. The fuel nozzle includes a plurality of fuel air mixing passages defining concentric, nested premixer annuli such as to beneficially provide relatively short, compact, flames at the combustion chamber such as to mitigate formation of oxides of nitrogen and other emissions (e.g., unburned hydrocarbons, smoke, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc.). The fuel nozzle defines hydraulic diameters that may further provide relatively short, compact flames at the combustion chamber such as to mitigate formation of oxides of nitrogen and other emissions while desirably meeting effective flow area targets. The shorter, more compact flames at the combustion chamber from the fuel nozzle may further enable a longitudinally shorter combustor assembly while providing similar or greater energy output as known combustion sections.
Referring now to the drawings,
The core engine 16 may generally include a substantially tubular outer casing 18 that defines an annular inlet 20. The outer casing 18 encases or at least partially forms, in serial flow relationship, a compressor section having a booster or low pressure (LP) compressor 22, a high pressure (HP) compressor 24, a combustion section 26, a turbine section including a high pressure (HP) turbine 28, a low pressure (LP) turbine 30 and a jet exhaust nozzle section 32. A high pressure (HP) rotor shaft 34 drivingly connects the HP turbine 28 to the HP compressor 24. A low pressure (LP) rotor shaft 36 drivingly connects the LP turbine 30 to the LP compressor 22. The LP rotor shaft 36 may also be connected to a fan shaft 38 of the fan assembly 14.
In particular embodiments, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
During operation of the engine 10, as shown in
The prediffuser 65 and CEGV 67 condition the flow of compressed air 82 to the fuel nozzle 100. The compressed air 82 pressurizes the diffuser cavity 84. The compressed air 82 enters the fuel nozzle 100 and into a plurality of fuel injectors 100 within the fuel nozzle 100 to mix with a fuel 71. The fuel 71 may be a gaseous or liquid fuel, including, but not limited to, fuel oils, jet fuels propane, ethane, hydrogen, coke oven gas, natural gas, synthesis gas, or combinations thereof. The fuel injectors 100 premix fuel 71 and air 82 within the array of fuel injectors with little or no swirl to the resulting fuel-air mixture 72 exiting the fuel nozzle 100. After premixing the fuel 71 and air 82 within the fuel injectors 100, the fuel-air mixture 72 burns from each of the plurality of fuel injectors 100 as an array of compact, tubular flames stabilized from each fuel nozzle 100.
Typically, the LP and HP compressors 22, 24 provide more compressed air to the diffuser cavity 84 than is needed for combustion. Therefore, a second portion of the compressed air 82 as indicated schematically by arrows 82(a) may be used for various purposes other than combustion. For example, as shown in
Referring back to
Referring now to
Referring to
The fuel nozzle 100 further includes a centerbody 120 positioned inward along a radial direction R of the outer sleeve 110 relative to the fuel nozzle centerline 112. The centerbody 120 is extended along the longitudinal direction L substantially co-directional to the fuel nozzle centerline 112. The centerbody 120 is concentric to the fuel nozzle centerline 112 and the outer sleeve 110. The centerbody 120 further defines a plurality of second radially oriented air inlet ports 123 through the centerbody 120 in arranged along the circumferential direction C relative to the fuel nozzle centerline 112. The centerbody 120 defines an annular centerbody groove or depression 127 relative to the fuel nozzle centerline 112 at a downstream end 98 of the fuel nozzle 100 directly adjacent to the combustion chamber 62.
The fuel nozzle 100 further includes an inner sleeve 130 extended along the circumferential direction C around the fuel nozzle centerline 112. The inner sleeve 130 is extended along the longitudinal direction L substantially co-directional to the fuel nozzle centerline 112. The inner sleeve 130 is positioned radially (i.e., along radial direction R) between the outer sleeve 110 and the centerbody 120. The inner sleeve 130 defines an annular inner sleeve groove or depression 137 relative to the fuel nozzle centerline 112 at the downstream end 98 of the fuel nozzle 100 directly adjacent to the combustion chamber 62.
The outer sleeve 110 and the inner sleeve 130 together define a first fuel air mixing passage 115 therebetween along the radial direction R. The first fuel air mixing passage 115 is extended substantially along the longitudinal direction L in direct fluid communication with the combustion chamber 62. The inner sleeve 130 and the centerbody 120 together define a second fuel air mixing passage 125 therebetween along the radial direction R. The second fuel air mixing passage 125 is extended substantially along the longitudinal direction L in direct fluid communication with the combustion chamber 62.
In one embodiment, the first fuel air mixing passage 115 is extended along the circumferential direction C around the fuel nozzle centerline 112 between the outer sleeve 110 and the inner sleeve 130. In another embodiment, the second fuel air mixing passage 125 is extended along the circumferential direction C around the fuel nozzle centerline 112 between the inner sleeve 130 and the centerbody 120. In yet another embodiment, the outer sleeve 110, the inner sleeve 130, and the centerbody 120 are together in concentric arrangement relative to the fuel nozzle centerline 112. In still yet another embodiment, the first fuel air mixing passage 115 and the second fuel air mixing passage 125 are together in concentric arrangement relative to the fuel nozzle centerline 112.
In various embodiments, the first fuel air mixing passage 115 defines a first exit height 119 at the downstream end 98 of the first fuel air mixing passage 115 directly adjacent along the longitudinal direction L to the combustion chamber 62. The first exit height 119 is between an inner surface 111 of the outer sleeve 110 and an outer surface 131 of the inner sleeve 130 each extended substantially along the longitudinal direction L between each of which the first fuel air mixing passage 115 is defined. In one embodiment, the first exit height 119 is between approximately 0.25 centimeters and approximately 0.90 centimeters. In more particular embodiments, the first exit height 119 is defined between the inner surface 111 and the outer surface 131 within a distance equal to or less than the first exit height 119 from the combustion chamber 62 from the downstream end 98 of the first fuel air mixing passage 115. For example, the first exit height 119 is defined within the first fuel air mixing passage 115 within approximately 0.90 centimeters or less of the downstream end 98 of the first fuel air mixing passage 115. In still more particular embodiments, the first exit height 119 defines a hydraulic diameter of the first fuel air mixing passage 115.
In still various embodiments, the second fuel air mixing passage 125 defines a second exit height 129 at the downstream end 98 of the second fuel air mixing passage 125 directly adjacent along the longitudinal direction L to the combustion chamber 62. The second exit height 129 is between an inner surface 132 of the inner sleeve 130 and an outer surface 121 of the centerbody 120 each extended substantially along the longitudinal direction L between each of which the second fuel air mixing passage 125 is defined. In one embodiment, the second exit height 129 is between approximately 0.25 centimeters and approximately 0.90 centimeters. In more particular embodiments, the second exit height 129 is defined between the inner surface 132 and the outer surface 121 within a distance equal to or less than the second exit height 129 from the combustion chamber 62 from the downstream end 98 of the second fuel air mixing passage 125. For example, the second exit height 129 is defined within the second fuel air mixing passage 125 within approximately 0.90 centimeters or less of the downstream end 98 of the second fuel air mixing passage 125. In still more particular embodiments, the second exit height 129 defines a hydraulic diameter of the second fuel air mixing passage 125.
The fuel air mixing passages 115, 125 defining respective exit heights 119, 129 each defining a respective hydraulic diameter of the mixing passage 115, 125 may define the exit height 119, 129 at least in part as:
wherein DH is the hydraulic diameter at the mixing passage 115, 125, A is the cross sectional area of the flow of fuel-air mixture through the mixing passage 115, 125, and P is the wetter perimeter of the cross section. It should be appreciated that the wetter perimeter is all or substantially all of the respective surfaces 111, 121, 131, 132 between which each exit height 119, 129 is defined along the circumferential direction C, such as generally depicted in regard to
The fuel nozzle 100 including the plurality of fuel air mixing passages 115, 125 may define concentric, nested premixer annuli such as to beneficially provide relatively short, compact, flames at the combustion chamber 62 such as to mitigate formation of oxides of nitrogen and other emissions. The fuel nozzle 100 defining the exit heights 119, 129 defining the hydraulic diameters further provide relatively short, compact flames at the combustion chamber 62 such as to mitigate formation of oxides of nitrogen and other emissions while desirably meeting effective flow area targets. The shorter, more compact flames at the combustion chamber 62 from the fuel nozzle 100 may further enable a longitudinally shorter combustor assembly 50 while providing similar or greater energy output as known combustion sections. In various embodiments, the fuel nozzle 100 provides shorter, more compact flames between approximately 0.60 centimeters and approximately 5.60 centimeters along the longitudinal direction L from the downstream end 98 of the fuel nozzle 100.
In various embodiments, flows of fuel-air mixture exiting each fuel air mixing passage 115, 125 may be imparted with a swirl such as to desirably alter, modify, or otherwise affect combustor flame stability and heat release, thereby improving lean blowout (LBO) margin, pressure oscillations, and combustion dynamics generally. The flow of fuel-air mixture exiting each fuel air mixing passage 115, 125 may be imparted via the flow of air entering each fuel air mixing passage 115, 125 through each respective radially oriented air inlet port 113, 123.
In one embodiment, the first radially oriented air inlet port 113 is in fluid communication with the first fuel air mixing passage 115 such as to provide a flow of air therethrough to mix with a flow of liquid or gaseous fuel. In another embodiment, the second radially oriented air inlet port 123 is in fluid communication with the second fuel air mixing passage 125 such as to provide a flow of air therethrough to mix with a flow of liquid or gaseous fuel. Various embodiments of the air inlet ports 113, 123 may be disposed along the radial direction R relative to the fuel nozzle centerline 112. Still various embodiments of the air inlet ports 113, 123 may further be disposed at least partially tangentially relative to the fuel nozzle centerline 112, such as to further impart a swirl to the air entering the respective fuel air mixing passages 115, 125 along the circumferential direction C relative to the fuel nozzle centerline 112. In still yet various embodiments, the air inlet ports 113, 123 may be configured such as to impart a substantially longitudinal flow through one or more of the mixing passages 115, 125 such as to mitigate providing a swirl to the flow of air entering the mixing passage 115, 125 or a swirl to the fuel-air mixture exiting the mixing passage 115, 125.
Referring still to
In one embodiment of the fuel nozzle 100, the annular centerbody depression 127 defines a substantially semi-circular cross sectional centerbody depression into the centerbody 110. In another embodiment of the fuel nozzle 100, the annular inner sleeve depression 137 defines a substantially semi-circular cross sectional depression into the inner sleeve 130. Each depression 127, 137 extended away from the combustion chamber 62 generally defines a bluff body flame stabilizer such as to improve LBO margin, combustion dynamics, and overall engine operability.
Referring still to
Referring more clearly to
In one embodiment, the plurality of first radially oriented air inlet ports 113 are defined directly outward along the radial direction R of a first fuel injection exit opening 146 defined at the first fuel injection port 141 in direct fluid communication with the first fuel air mixing passage 115. For example, the first fuel injection exit opening 146 is defined at the downstream end 98 of the first fuel injection port 141 such as to define a plane at which fuel exits the first fuel injection port 141 and enters the first fuel air mixing passage 115. The first fuel injection exit opening 146 defining such a plane may be defined directly inward along the radial direction R of the plurality of first radially oriented air inlet ports 113.
Referring still to
In one embodiment, the plurality of second radially oriented air inlet ports 123 are defined directly inward along the radial direction R of a second fuel injection exit opening 147 defined at the second fuel injection port 142 in direct fluid communication with the second fuel air mixing passage 125. For example, the second fuel injection exit opening 147 is defined at the downstream end 98 of the second fuel injection port 142 such as to define a plane at which fuel exits the second fuel injection port 142 and enters the second fuel air mixing passage 125. The second fuel injection exit opening 147 defining such a plane may be defined directly outward along the radial direction R of the plurality of second radially oriented air inlet ports 123.
Referring still to
In another embodiment, the plurality of third radially oriented air inlet ports 133 may be defined through the inner sleeve 130 in fluid communication with the second fuel air mixing passage 125. The plurality of third radially oriented air inlet ports 133 may be defined outward along the radial direction R of the plurality of second radially oriented air inlet ports 123. The plurality of third radially oriented air inlet ports 133 may further be defined directly outward along the radial direction R of a fourth fuel injection port 144 extended along the longitudinal direction L through the end wall 140. The fourth fuel injection port 144 may be defined outward along the radial direction R of the second fuel injection port 142. The plurality of second radially oriented air inlet ports 123 may generally be disposed radially opposing the plurality of third radially oriented air inlet ports 133. Each of the second fuel injection ports 142 and fourth fuel injection ports 144 may be defined radially between the opposing second radially oriented air inlet ports 123 and third radially oriented air inlet ports 133.
Embodiments of the fuel nozzle 100 including the radially opposing radially oriented air inlet ports and one or more of the fuel injection ports defined radially therebetween may improve mixing of fuel and air at the mixing passages, such as via shearing the flow of air with the flow fuel substantially longitudinally exiting the fuel injection ports. The improved mixing of fuel and air, in addition to the concentric arrangement of fuel air mixing passages 115, 125, or additionally the hydraulic diameter, may provide desirably shorter, more compact, flames at the combustion chamber 62 such as described herein.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Although embodiments of the fuel nozzle 100 generally provided herein depict the outer sleeve 110, the centerbody 120, and the inner sleeve 130 together in concentric arrangement to form the first fuel air mixing passage 115 and the second fuel air mixing passage 125, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments a plurality of the inner sleeve 130 may be disposed between the outer sleeve 110 and the centerbody 130 to form a plurality of additional fuel air mixing passages radially therebetween.
The fuel nozzle 100 and combustor assembly 50 shown in
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
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