The present invention relates to a wide bandwidth antenna.
For example, JP-A-57-142003 discloses the following antennas. That is, it discloses a monopole antenna in which a flat-plate type radiation element 1001 having a disc shape is erected vertically to an earth plate or the ground 1002 as shown in
In addition, JP-A-55-4109 discloses the following antennas, for example. That is, a sheet-type elliptical antenna 1006 is erected vertically to a refection surface 1007 so that the major axis thereof is parallel to the reflection surface 1007, and power supply is carried out through a coaxial power feeder 1008, as shown in
Besides, a monopole antenna as shown in
The antennas described above pertain to a monopole antenna in which a flat-plate conductor having various shapes is erected vertically to the ground surface, and a symmetric dipole antenna using two flat-plate conductors having the same shape.
In addition,
Furthermore, US-A-2002-122010A1 discloses an antenna 1020 in which a tapered clearance area 1023 and a driven element 1022 whose feed point 1025 is connected to a transmission line 1024 are provided within a ground element 1021 as shown in
As described above, though various antennas have been hitherto known, the conventional vertical mount type monopole antennas have problems that their sizes are large, and it is difficult to control the antenna characteristic since it is difficult to control the distance between the radiation conductor and the ground surface. Furthermore, the conventional symmetrical type dipole antennas also have a problem that it is difficult to control the antenna characteristic since the radiation conductors have the same shape, thereby it is difficult to control the distance between the radiation conductors.
In addition, though it is described that the glass antenna device for the automobile telephone disclosed in JP-A-8-213820 has an excellent sensitivity and directional characteristic at 800 MHz and 1.5 GHz, the bandwidth is not sufficiently broad. Furthermore, this publication never discloses provision of any cut-out portion.
In addition, though the antenna of US-A-2002-122010A1 aims at miniaturization, the structure that the driven element is provided within the ground element cannot achieve the sufficient miniaturization because the ground element fully surrounds the driven element.
In view of the foregoing problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an antenna having a novel shape that can be miniaturized and widened in bandwidth, and a dielectric substrate for the antenna concerned.
Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna having a novel shape that can be miniaturized and make it easy to control the antenna characteristic, and a dielectric substrate for the antenna concerned.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna having a novel shape that can be miniaturized and improved in characteristic in a low frequency range, and a dielectric substrate for the antenna concerned.
In order to attain the above objects, an antenna according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a ground pattern and a planar element that has a feed point and a cut-out portion formed at an edge portion being opposite to the ground pattern side of said planar element, and the ground pattern and the planar element is juxtaposed with each other extending along counter directions respectively.
By providing the cut-out portion, the miniaturization can be further enhanced, and a current path for obtaining radiation in the low frequency range can be secured. With respect to the conventional technique in which the radiation conductor is vertically erected to the ground surface, the antenna characteristic cannot be controlled by the cut-out portion by the cut-out portion. However, according to this invention, the antenna characteristic can be controlled. Furthermore, since the ground pattern and the planar element are juxtaposed with each other, the mount volume of the antenna can be reduced, the antenna characteristic, particularly the impedance characteristic, can be easily controlled, and the wide bandwidth can be achieved.
Incidentally, the aforementioned planar element may be disposed so that the edge portion other than the cut-out portion of the planar element is opposite to the ground pattern. If the ground pattern portion and the planar element portion can be separated from each other, the miniaturization of the antenna can be facilitated. Furthermore, other parts may be mounted on the ground pattern. In this case, the miniaturization can be enhanced also as the entire communication device.
Furthermore, the aforementioned ground pattern may be formed without fully surrounding the edge portion of the planar element.
Incidentally, the cut-out portion may be designed to have a rectangular shape. However, the cut-out portion may be designed to have other shapes. Furthermore, the cut-out portion may be formed symmetrically with respect to a line passing through the feed position of the planar element.
Furthermore, the aforementioned planar element may be designed to have such a shape that a bottom side thereof is adjacent to the ground pattern, lateral sides thereof is provided vertically or substantially vertically to the bottom side and a top side thereof is equipped with the cut-out portion. In addition, both the corners of the bottom side may be splayed.
Furthermore, at least one of the planar element and the ground pattern may have a portion that causes to continuously vary the distance therebetween. Thus, the antenna characteristic, particularly the impedance characteristic, can be easily controlled and the bandwidth can be widened.
Furthermore, at least a part of the edge of the planar element, which is opposite to the ground pattern, may be designed to be curved.
Still furthermore, the planar element may be formed on the dielectric substrate. The further miniaturization is enhanced.
Incidentally, it can be said that the ground pattern and the planar element or the dielectric substrate are not opposite each other, and both the planes thereof are parallel or substantially parallel to each other, or the ground pattern and the planar element or the dielectric substrate are not completely overlapped with each other and both the planes thereof are parallel or substantially parallel to each other.
An antenna dielectric substrate according to a second aspect of the present invention has a layer formed of a dielectric material, and a layer containing a conductor having a cut-out portion formed from an edge portion nearest to a first side surface of the antenna dielectric substrate toward a second side surface opposite to the first side surface. By using such the dielectric substrate, a compact-size antenna having a wide bandwidth (particularly, having an excellent characteristic in a low frequency range) can be implemented.
Incidentally, the cut-out portion may be designed in a rectangular shape. However, the shape of the cut-out portion may be other shape. Furthermore, the cut-out portion may be designed to have a symmetrical shape with respect to a line passing through the feed point of the conductor.
In addition, the aforementioned conductor may be designed to have such a shape that the side thereof nearest to the second side surface is a bottom side, lateral sides thereof are provided vertically or substantially vertically to the bottom side and the top side nearest to the first side surface is equipped with the cut-out portion. Incidentally, both the corners of the bottom side may be splayed.
In addition, the edge portion of the conductor, which is nearest to the second side surface, may have a portion, which continuously varies the distance with the second side surface. Furthermore, the conductor may have a connection portion to be connected to an electrode provided on at least the second side surface.
Preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. First Embodiment
The structure of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown in
The planar element 1 and the ground pattern 2 are designed symmetrically with respect to a line 4 passing through the feed point 1a, and also the cut-out portion 5 is designed to be symmetrical with respect to the line 4. Furthermore, the shortest distance from any point on the arc of the planar element 1 to the ground pattern 2 is also symmetrical with respect to the line 4. That is, if the distance from the line 4 to each of two points on the arc of the planar element 1 is the same, the shortest distance from each of the two points on the arc of the planar element 1 to the ground pattern 2 is the same.
In this embodiment, a side 2a of the ground pattern 2 opposite to the edge of the planar element 1 is a line. Accordingly, the shortest distance between arbitrary point on the arc of the planar element 1 and the side 2a of the ground pattern 2 gradually increases continuously and curvedly along the arc as being farther away from the feed point 1a. That is, the antenna according to this embodiment is equipped with a continuous varying portion at which the distance between the planar element 1 and the ground pattern 2 is continuously varied. By providing such a continuous varying portion, the coupling degree between the planar element land the ground pattern 2 is adjusted. By adjusting the coupling degree, especially, the bandwidth at a high frequency side can be widened.
Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the planar element 1 is disposed on the center line 5 of the ground pattern 2 as shown in
Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the planar element 1 is disposed so that the edge portion other than the cut-out portion 5 provided in the planar element 1 is opposite to the edge of the ground pattern 2. On the contrary, the edge portion at which the cut-out portion 5 is provided does not face the edge of the ground pattern 2, and is also not surrounded by the ground pattern 2. That is, since the planar element 1 portion and the ground pattern 2 portion are clearly separated from each other, it is unnecessary to provide an useless area of the ground pattern 2 and the miniaturization is facilitated. In addition, if the ground pattern 2 portion and the planar element 1 portion are separated from each other, other parts can be mounted on the ground pattern 2, thereby the miniaturization can be also enhanced as the entire communication device. This feature is common among all the embodiments described below.
In order to describe the operation principle of the antenna shown in
Furthermore, electromagnetic coupling 27 due to current flowing on the circular planar element 21 occurs between the circular planar element 21 and the ground pattern 22 as shown in
Incidentally, when the disc is erected vertically to the ground surface like the prior art, the distance between the ground surface and the disc cannot be minutely controlled. On the other hand, when the planar element 1 or the circular planar element 21 is juxtaposed with the ground pattern 2 or 22 as shown in
Next, a case will be considered in which a semicircular planar element 31 is used as shown in
Accordingly, by providing the cut-out portion 5 for the planar element 1 like this embodiment shown in
With respect to the antenna of this embodiment, the antenna characteristic can be controlled by the shape of the cut-out portion 5 and the distance between the planar element 1 and the ground pattern 2. However, it has been known that it is impossible to control the antenna characteristic by the cut-out portion in such an antenna that a radiation conductor is erected vertically to the ground surface like the prior art (see the non-patent document 1). On the other hand, if the planar element 1 and the ground pattern 2 are juxtaposed with each other like this embodiment, the antenna characteristic can be controlled by the cut-out portion 5.
As described above, there is not only an effect that the distance between the planar element 1 and the ground pattern 2 can be easily controlled, but also an effect that the bandwidth can be stably widened by the “juxtaposition” of the planar element 1 and the ground pattern 2. In addition, the planar element 1 can be miniaturized by the cut-out portion 5.
Incidentally, it is not shown, but a shape of the portion of the ground pattern 2, which is opposite to the edge of the planar element 1, may be changed so as to be tapered. The shape can control the antenna characteristic as well as the shape of the cut-out portion 5 in a desired style.
In addition, the planar element 1 of this embodiment may be considered as a radiation conductor of a monopole antenna like the prior arts. On the other hand, since the ground pattern 2 of the antenna of this embodiment partially contributes to radiation, the antenna of this embodiment is also considered as a dipole antenna. However, since the dipole antenna normally uses two radiation conductors having the same shape, the antenna of this embodiment may be called as an asymmetrical dipole antenna. Furthermore, the antenna of this embodiment is considered as a traveling wave antenna. Such considerations can be applied to all the embodiments described below.
Furthermore, the shape of the cut-out portion 5 is not limited to the rectangular shape. For example, an inverted triangular cut-out portion 5 may be used. In this case, the feed point 1a and one apex of the inverted triangle are arranged to be located on the line 4. Still furthermore, the cut-out portion 5 may be designed in a trapezoidal shape. In the case of the trapezoid, if the bottom side is designed to be longer than the top side, the detour length at which the current path detours around the cut-out portion 5 is increased. Accordingly, the current path in the planar element 1 can be more increased. The corners of the cut-out portion 5 may be rounded.
2. Second Embodiment
The antenna according to the second embodiment comprises the planar element 41, the ground pattern 42 juxtaposed with the planar element 41, and a high-frequency power source connected to the planar element 41. The high-frequency power source is omitted from the illustration of
The ground pattern 42 is equipped with a recess 47 in which the projecting portion 41a of the planar element 41 is accommodated. Accordingly, the side 42a opposite to the curved portion 41b of the planar element 41 is not straight, but is divided into two sides. The antenna according to this embodiment is designed to be symmetrical with respect to the line 44 passing through the center of the projecting portion 41a, which is the feed position. That is, the cut-out portion 45 is also symmetrical. The distance between the curved line 41b of the planar element 41 and the side 42a of the ground pattern 42 is gradually increased as being farther away from the line 44.
Incidentally, the shape of the cut-out portion 45 is not limited to the rectangle, and the shape of the cut-out portion as described with respect to the first embodiment may be adopted.
3. Third Embodiment
The antenna according to the third embodiment comprises the planar element 51, the ground pattern 52 juxtaposed with the planar element 51, and a high-frequency power source connected to the planar element 41. The high-frequency power source is omitted from the illustration of
The ground pattern 52 is equipped with a recess 57 in which the projecting portion 51a of the planar element 51 is accommodated. Accordingly, the side 52a opposite to the bottom side 51a of the planar element 51 is not straight, but is divided into two sides. The antenna according to this embodiment is symmetrical with respect to a line 54 passing through the center of the projecting portion 51a, which is the feed position. Accordingly, the cut-out portion 55 is also symmetrical with respect to the line 54. Furthermore, the structure of the side surface is almost the same as
The shape of the cut-out portion 45 is not limited to the rectangle. The shape of the cut-out portion described with respect to the first embodiment may be adopted.
The ground pattern 52 may be cut so that the side 52a of the ground pattern 52 and the bottom side 51a of the planar element 51 are not parallel to each other unlike this embodiment, and the gap between the ground pattern 52 and the planar element 51 is continuously shortened from the outside to the feed point 51a. Linear or curved cutting may be carried out as a cutting style.
4. Fourth Embodiment
In addition, the planar element 61 and the ground pattern 62 are designed to be symmetrical with respect to the line 64 passing through the feed point 61a. Accordingly, the cut-out portion 65 is also symmetrical with respect to the line 64. Furthermore, the length (hereinafter referred to as “distance”) of a line segment extending from any point on the bottom side 61b of the planar element 61 to the ground pattern 62 in parallel with the line 64 is also symmetric with respect to the line 64.
Incidentally, in this embodiment, the plane of the dielectric material is arranged in parallel to or substantially in parallel to the plane of the ground pattern 62. This arrangement causes the plane of the planar element 61 contained in one layer of the dielectric substrate 67 to be disposed in parallel to or substantially in parallel to the plane of the ground pattern 62.
When the planar element 61 is formed to be covered by the dielectric substrate 67, the condition of the electromagnetic field around the planar element 61 is varied by the dielectric material. Specifically, since an effect of increasing the density of the electric field in the dielectric material and a wavelength shortening effect can be obtained, the planar element 61 can be miniaturized. Furthermore, the lift-off angle of the current path is varied by these effects, and an inductance component L and a capacitance component C in the impedance equivalent circuit of the antenna are varied. That is, the impedance characteristic is greatly affected. The shape of the planar element 61 is optimized so that a desired impedance characteristic can be achieved in a desired range in consideration for the effect on the aforementioned impedance characteristic.
In this embodiment, the upper edge portions 62a and 62b of the ground pattern 62 are downwardly inclined from the intersecting point with the line 64 by a height L5 (=2 to 3 mm) at the side edge portions of the grand pattern 62 in the case where the width of the grand pattern 62 is 20 mm. That is, the ground pattern 62 is tapered toward the planar element 61. Since the bottom side 61b of the planar element 61 is vertical to the line 64, the distance between the bottom side 61b of the planar element 61 and the ground pattern 62 is linearly increased as approaching to the side edge portions.
The planar element 61 according to this embodiment is designed to have a shape with a rectangular cut-out portion 65 in order to further enhance miniaturization and secure current paths 68 for achieving a desired frequency bandwidth as shown in
5. Fifth Embodiment
An antenna according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention comprises a dielectric substrate 77 that contains a planar element 71 therein and has a dielectric constant of about 20, a ground pattern 72 that is juxtaposed with the dielectric substrate 77 and has an arc upper end portion 72a, a board 76 such as a printed circuit board or the like, and a high-frequency power source 73 connected to a feed point 71a of the planar element 71 as shown in
The planar element 71 and the ground pattern 72 are designed symmetrically with respect to the line 74 passing through the feed point 71a. Furthermore, the length (hereinafter referred to as “distance”) of a line segment extending from any point on the bottom side 71b of the plan element 71 to the ground pattern 72 in parallel to the line 74 is also symmetric with respect to the line 74.
Since the upper edge portion 72a of the ground pattern 72 is designed to be an upwardly convex arc, the distance between the planar element 71 and the ground pattern 72 is gradually increased as approaching to the side edge portions of the ground pattern 72. The structure of the side surface is almost the same as
A desired impedance characteristic can be achieved in a desired frequency bandwidth by adjusting the curvature of the curved line of the upper edge portion 72a of the ground pattern 72.
6. Sixth Embodiment
As shown in
The planar element 71 and the ground pattern 82 are designed to be symmetric with respect to a line 84 passing through the feed point 71a. The length (hereinafter referred to as “distance”) of a line segment extending from any point on the bottom side 71b of the planar element 71 to the ground pattern 82 in parallel to the line 84 is also symmetric with respect to the line 84.
Since the upper edge portions 82a and 82b of the ground pattern 82 are downward saturation curves starting from the cross-point between each saturation curve and the line 84, the distance between the planar element 71 and the ground pattern 82 asymptotically approaches a predetermined value as approaching to the side edge portions of the grand pattern 82.
A desired impedance characteristic can be achieved in a desired frequency bandwidth by adjusting the curvature of each of the curved lines of the upper edge portions 82a and 82b of the ground pattern 82.
7. Seventh Embodiment
As shown in
The impedance characteristic of such an antenna is shown in
8. Eighth Embodiment
The structure of an antenna according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention is shown in
The external electrode 1106a is connected to a projecting portion 1101a of the planar element 1101, and extends to the back surface (i.e. dotted line portion of the back surface) of the dielectric substrate 1106. The feed portion 1108 contacts with the external electrode 1106a that is provided on the end portion of the side surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate 1106, and the feed portion 1108 and the external electrode 1106a are overlapped in the dotted line portion.
The planar element 1101 is equipped with a projecting portion 1101a connected to the external electrode 1106a, a side 1101b opposite to a side 1102a of the ground pattern 1102, arm portions 1101c for securing current paths for low frequencies, and a rectangular cut-out portion 1105 formed so as to concave from the top portion 1101d toward the ground pattern 1102. The side 1101b and the lateral side portions 1101g are connected to each other through sides 1101h formed by splaying the side 1101b. The dielectric substrate 1106 containing the planar element 1101 is juxtaposed with the ground pattern 1102.
Incidentally, in this embodiment, the planar element 1101 is formed inside the dielectric substrate 1106. That is, the dielectric substrate 1106 is formed by laminating ceramic sheets, and the conductive planar element 1101 is formed as one layer of the laminate. Accordingly, when viewed from the upper side, the planar element 1101 is not actually viewed like
Since the recess 1107 for accommodating the feed portion 1108 is provided to the ground pattern 1102, the side 1102a opposite to the side 1101b of the planar element 1101 is not straight, but divided into two sides. The antenna according to this embodiment is symmetric with respect to a line 1104 passing through the center of the feed portion 1108, which is the feed position. The rectangular cut-out portion 1105 is also symmetrical with respect to the line 1104. The side 1102a is inclined so that the distance between the side 1101b of the planar element 1101 and the side 1102a of the ground pattern 1102 is linearly increased as being farther away from the line 1104. That is, the ground pattern 1102 has a tapered shape toward the dielectric substrate 1106. The structure of the side surface is almost the same as
9. Ninth Embodiment
The planar element 1201 is equipped with a projecting portion 1201a connected to the external electrode 1206a, a curved line portion 1201b opposite to a side 1202a of the ground pattern 1202, arm portions 1201c for securing current paths for low frequencies, and a rectangular cut-out portion 1205 formed so as to concave from the top portion 1201d toward the ground pattern 1202. The dielectric substrate 1206 containing the planar element 1201 is juxtaposed with the ground pattern 1202.
Incidentally, in this embodiment, the planar element 1201 is formed inside the dielectric substrate 1206. That is, the dielectric substrate 1206 is formed by laminating ceramic sheets, and the conductive planar element 1201 is formed as one layer of the laminate. Accordingly, when viewed from the upper side, the planar element 1201 is not actually viewed like
The ground pattern 1202 is provided with the recess 1207 for accommodating the feed portion 1208. Therefore, the side 1202a opposite to the curved portion of the planar element 1201 is not straight, but divided into two sides. The antenna according to this embodiment is symmetrical with respect to a line 1204 passing through the center of the feed portion 1208. The rectangular cut-out portion 1205 is also symmetrical with respect to the line 1204. The distance between the curved line 1201b of the planar element 1201 and the side 1202a of the ground pattern 1202 is gradually increased as being farther away from the line 1204, and it is symmetric with respect to the line 1204. The structure of the side surface is almost the same as
10. Tenth Embodiment
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described, this invention is not limited to those embodiments. The rectangular shape is representatively used as the shape of the cut-out portion as described above. However, a trapezoidal shape or polygonal shape may be used as occasion demands. Furthermore, the processing of rounding the corners of the cut-out portion may be carried out.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to a specific preferred embodiment thereof, various change and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art, and it is intended that the present invention encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2002-343290 | Nov 2002 | JP | national |
2003-056740 | Mar 2003 | JP | national |
2003-150370 | May 2003 | JP | national |
This is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 10/654,432 filed Sep. 4, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,098,856. The entire disclosure of the prior application is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10654432 | Sep 2003 | US |
Child | 11283678 | US |