Patent Application
20250105510
This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. CN202210050320.2, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on Jan. 17, 2022 and entitled “ANTENNA AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
This application relates to the antenna field, and in particular, to an antenna and an electronic device.
With development and progress of electronic devices, a plurality of different-frequency antennas usually need to be disposed in the electronic device, to implement different signal receiving and sending functions. Due to limited space in the electronic device, isolation between different-frequency antennas is difficult to meet a requirement. Especially if the different-frequency antennas operate in adjacent frequency bands in a spectrum, mutual interference is more serious. A mobile phone is used as an example. Antennas operating in a GSM1800/1900 frequency band cause spurious interference to a global navigation satellite system (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS). As a result, it is difficult for a cellular communications system and a wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, Wi-Fi) communications technology in the mobile phone to coexist. Once the cellular communications system and the wireless fidelity communications technology operate simultaneously, mutual interference exists. Therefore, the coexistence of the cellular communications system and a Wi-Fi system becomes a problem troubling the industry.
In a conventional technology, a channel blocking or avoidance method is usually applied by using hardware (for example, a high-suppression coexistence filter), to resolve interference between different-frequency antennas (for example, a cellular communications system and a Wi-Fi system). For example, a frequency band 7/band 41 of the cellular communications system may interfere with a high channel of Wi-Fi. Therefore, in actual use, a solution in which the high-suppression coexistence filter is used to block the high channel may be applied based on an interference status, to resolve the interference.
However, because channel blocking is likely to affect operating statuses of other components of the electronic device, some components or some functions cannot be used, and normal use of the electronic device is affected.
It can be learned that, in the conventional technology, poor isolation exists between the different-frequency antennas of the electronic device.
An objective of this application is to resolve the poor isolation between the different-frequency antennas of the electronic device in the conventional technology. Therefore, embodiments provide an antenna and an electronic device, to construct a new antenna structure. The antenna is capable of generating two radiation nulls outside an operating frequency band of the antenna. This helps the antenna implement a filtering function without changing a radiation characteristic of the antenna, further improves isolation between different-frequency antennas of the electronic device, and helps improve an anti-interference capability of the electronic device.
An embodiment of this application provides an antenna, including:
In this embodiment of this application, the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator are spaced from each other side by side, and the first ground element, the second ground element, the third ground element, the fourth ground element, and the feeding element are connected to corresponding radiators, to form a new antenna structure. In this way, a hybrid coupling of an electrical coupling and a magnetic coupling can be simultaneously formed between the radiators. This helps ensure that the antenna is capable of generating two radiation nulls (or may be understood as points with extremely low antenna efficiency) outside an operating frequency band by changing a proportion of the electrical coupling and the magnetic coupling in a total coupling through the first gap and the second gap under a condition that a total coupling strength of the antenna remains unchanged. This implements a filtering function without changing a radiation characteristic of the antenna, helps improve isolation between different-frequency antennas of the electronic device, and lays a foundation for improving an anti-interference capability of the electronic device.
In addition, the antenna in this embodiment of this application has features such as a simple feeding structure, a compact antenna structure, and a small size. This may contribute to miniaturization, lightness and thinness of the electronic device when the antenna is used in the electronic device.
In some embodiments, the first gap enables an electrical coupling strength between the first radiator and the second radiator to be a first target strength at a first target frequency point, and the second gap enables an electrical coupling strength between the first radiator and the third radiator to be a second target strength at a second target frequency point.
An operating frequency band of the antenna is between the first target frequency point and the second target frequency point.
In some embodiments, the antenna has a radiation null at the first target frequency point and the second target frequency point.
In this embodiment of this application, the first gap and the second gap enable one radiation null (or may be understood as a point with extremely low antenna efficiency) to be generated at each of the two target frequencies under a condition that the total coupling strength of the antenna remains unchanged. When a frequency of a radio frequency signal received by the antenna is at a frequency point of the radiation null or is at a frequency point outside the operating frequency band of the antenna, the antenna has extremely low efficiency and cannot operate normally. In this embodiment of this application, the operating frequency band of the antenna is between the two target frequencies. Therefore, in this embodiment of this application, antenna efficiency is relatively high in the operating frequency band of the antenna, and the antenna efficiency is relatively low outside the operating frequency band of the antenna. Therefore, the antenna efficiency shows relatively high edge selectivity. This implements a filtering function, helps improve isolation between different-frequency antennas of the electronic device, and further improves an anti-interference capability of the electronic device.
In some embodiments, the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator are all in a strip shape.
In some possible embodiments, at least one widened portion and/or at least one narrowed portion are disposed on at least one of the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator.
In some possible embodiments, widened portions are disposed on two sides that are of a first end and a second end of the first radiator and that are close to the second radiator.
In some possible embodiments, a narrowed portion is disposed on one side that is of a second end of the first radiator and that is close to the third radiator.
In some possible embodiments, widened portions are disposed on two sides of a radiator section in which the first ground point and the second ground point of the first radiator are located.
In some possible embodiments, a narrowed portion is disposed on the second radiator, on one side of the ground point of the second radiator, and on one side that is of a radiator section close to the feeding point and that is close to the first radiator.
In some possible embodiments, a narrowed portion is disposed on the third radiator, on one side of the ground point of the third radiator, and on one side that is of a radiator section close to the feeding point and that is close to the first radiator.
In some possible embodiments, the first radiator includes a first radiator section, a primary radiator section, a second radiator section, a third radiator section, and a fourth radiator section that are sequentially connected in the length direction of the first radiator. The first ground point and the second ground point are disposed on the second radiator section. The feeding connection point is disposed on the third radiator section.
A plane parallel to a cross section of the first radiator is used as a first projection plane. A projection of the primary radiator section on the first projection plane is located in a projection of the second radiator section on the first projection plane. A projection of the third radiator section on the first projection plane covers the projection of the primary radiator section on the first projection plane, and is located in the projection of the second radiator section on the first projection plane. A projection of the first radiator section on the first projection plane covers the projection of the primary radiator section on the first projection plane, and is located in the projection of the second radiator section on the first projection plane. A part of a projection of the fourth radiator section on the first projection plane is located in the projection of the primary radiator section on the first projection plane, and a remaining part is located outside the projection of the primary radiator section on the first projection plane. A center line of the primary radiator section, a center line of the second radiator section, and a center line of the third radiator section overlap. Both a center line of the first radiator section and a center line of the fourth radiator section are located between the center line of the primary radiator section and the second radiator.
The second radiator includes a primary radiator section and a secondary radiator section that are sequentially connected in a length direction of the second radiator. The ground point of the second radiator is disposed on the primary radiator section of the second radiator.
A projection of the secondary radiator section of the second radiator on the first projection plane is located in a projection of the primary radiator section of the second radiator on the first projection plane. A center line of the secondary radiator section of the second radiator is located on one side that is of a center line of the primary radiator section of the second radiator and that is away from the first radiator.
The third radiator includes a primary radiator section and a secondary radiator section that are sequentially connected in a length direction of the third radiator. The ground point of the third radiator is disposed on the primary radiator section of the third radiator.
A projection of the secondary radiator section of the third radiator on the first projection plane is located in a projection of the primary radiator section of the third radiator on the first projection plane. A center line of the secondary radiator section of the third radiator is located on one side that is of a center line of the primary radiator section of the third radiator and that is away from the first radiator.
In some possible embodiments, the ground point of the second radiator is disposed on a radiator section that is in the primary radiator section of the second radiator and that is close to the secondary radiator section of the second radiator. The ground point of the third radiator is disposed on a radiator section that is in the primary radiator section of the third radiator and that is close to the secondary radiator section of the third radiator.
In some possible embodiments, a plane parallel to a longitudinal section of the first radiator is used as a second projection plane. A projection of the primary radiator section of the third radiator on the second projection plane is located in a projection of the primary radiator section of the second radiator on the second projection plane. A projection of the secondary radiator section of the third radiator on the second projection plane is located in a projection of the secondary radiator section of the second radiator on the second projection plane. A projection of the first radiator section of the first radiator on the second projection plane is located outside a projection of the primary radiator section of the third radiator on the second projection plane. A part of a projection of the fourth radiator section on the second projection plane is located in the projection of the secondary radiator section of the third radiator on the second projection plane, and a remaining part is located outside the projection of the secondary radiator section of the third radiator on the second projection plane.
In some possible embodiments, projections of the primary radiator section and the second radiator section of the first radiator on the second projection plane are located in the projection of the primary radiator section of the third radiator on the second projection plane.
In some embodiments, in the third direction, both ends of the second radiator are located between two ends of the first radiator, and both ends of the third radiator are located between two ends of the second radiator.
In some embodiments, each of the plurality of radiators is capable of generating at least two resonances, and resonance frequency points corresponding to the at least two resonances generated by each radiator are in different operating frequency bands of the antenna.
In some embodiments, a first resonance frequency point of each of the plurality of radiators is in a first operating frequency band of the antenna.
In some embodiments, a second resonance frequency point of each of the plurality of radiators is in a second operating frequency band of the antenna.
In some embodiments, in a third direction, radiator sections in the first radiator that are located on two sides of the feeding connection point are respectively configured to generate a first resonance frequency point and a second resonance frequency point of the first radiator.
In a third direction, radiator sections in the second radiator that are located on two sides of the ground point of the second radiator are respectively configured to generate a first resonance frequency point and a second resonance frequency point of the second radiator.
In the third direction, radiator sections in the third radiator that are located on two sides of the ground point of the third radiator are respectively configured to generate a first resonance frequency point and a second resonance frequency point of the third radiator.
The first resonance frequency point of the first radiator, the first resonance frequency point of the second radiator, and the first resonance frequency point of the third radiator are all in the first operating frequency band of the antenna.
The second resonance frequency point of the first radiator, the second resonance frequency point of the second radiator, and the second resonance frequency point of the third radiator are all in the second operating frequency band of the antenna.
In some embodiments, in the third direction, in the first radiator, an electrical length of a radiator section located on one side of the feeding connection point is ¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the first resonance frequency point of the first radiator; and an electrical length of a radiator section located on the other side of the feeding connection point is ¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the second resonance frequency point of the first radiator.
In the third direction, in the second radiator, an electrical length of a radiator section located on one side of the ground point of the second radiator is ¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the first resonance frequency point of the second radiator; and an electrical length of a radiator section located on the other side of the ground point of the second radiator is ¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the second resonance frequency point of the second radiator.
In the third direction, in the third radiator, an electrical length of a radiator section located on one side of the ground point of the third radiator is ¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the first resonance frequency point of the third radiator; and an electrical length of a radiator section located on the other side of the ground point of the third radiator is ¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the second resonance frequency point of the third radiator.
In some possible embodiments, the antenna is a dual-band Wi-Fi antenna, the first operating frequency band of the antenna is 2.4 GHz to 2.52 GHZ, and the second operating frequency band of the antenna is 5 GHz to 5.88 GHz.
In some possible embodiments, the feeding connection point is located at ⅓ of the first radiator in the length direction of the first radiator.
In some possible embodiments, both the first ground point and the second ground point are located at ⅓ of the first radiator in the length direction of the first radiator.
In some possible embodiments, in the third direction, the first ground point, the second ground point, the ground point of the second radiator, and the ground point of the third radiator are all located on a same side of the feeding ground point.
In some embodiments, in the first direction, the first ground point is located between the second ground point and the ground point of the second radiator, and a spacing between the first ground point and the second ground point, a spacing between the first ground point and the ground point of the second radiator, and a spacing between the second ground point and the ground point of the third radiator are all less than or equal to 10 mm.
In some embodiments, in the first direction, the spacing d1 between the first ground point and the second ground point is 0.4 mm≤d1≤4.4 mm, the spacing d2 between the first ground point and the ground point of the second radiator is 0.6 mm≤d2≤4.6 mm, and the spacing d3 between the second ground point and the ground point of the third radiator is: 0.5 mm≤d3≤4.5 mm.
In some embodiments, in the third direction, a spacing between the first ground point and the second ground point, a spacing between the ground point of the second radiator and the first ground point, and a spacing between the ground point of the third radiator and the second ground point are all less than or equal to 10 mm.
In some embodiments, at least some of the first ground element, the second ground element, the third ground element, and the fourth ground element are disposed in a staggered manner in the third direction.
In some possible embodiments, the first ground element and the second ground element are aligned in the third direction.
In some possible embodiments, the third ground element and the fourth ground element are aligned in the third direction.
In some embodiments, a height h0 of the antenna is 4 mm≤h0≤6 mm.
In some possible embodiments, a height h0 of the antenna is 5 mm.
In some embodiments, the feeding element, the first ground element, the second ground element, the third ground element, and the fourth ground element are all disposed in an extended manner in the second direction.
In some possible embodiments, a cross section of the feeding element, a cross section of the first ground element, a cross section of the second ground element, a cross section of the third ground element, and a cross section of the fourth ground element are all in a circular shape or rectangular shape.
An embodiment of this application provides an electronic device, including the antenna provided in any one of the foregoing embodiments or any possible embodiment.
In some possible embodiments, the antenna is located at an edge of a floor of the electronic device.
In some embodiments, each of the first radiator, the second radiator, and the third radiator is formed by a conductive element of the electronic device.
Each of the feeding element, the first ground element, the second ground element, the third ground element, and the fourth ground element is formed by a conductive element of the electronic device.
In some possible embodiments, the electronic device further includes a bracket, and the antenna is supported and fastened in the electronic device by using the bracket.
Implementations of this application are described below in specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of this application may be readily understood by a person skilled in the art from content disclosed in this specification. Although this application is described with reference to some embodiments, it does not mean that a characteristic of this application is limited only to this implementation. On the contrary, a purpose of describing this application with reference to an implementation is to cover another option or modification that may be derived based on claims of this application. To provide an in-depth understanding of this application, the following descriptions include a plurality of specific details. This application may be alternatively implemented without using these details. In addition, to avoid confusion or blurring a focus of this application, some specific details are omitted from the description. It should be noted that embodiments in this application and the features in embodiments may be mutually combined in the case of no conflict.
It should be noted that, in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following accompanying drawings indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in an accompanying drawing, the item does not need to be further defined or interpreted in following accompanying drawings.
The following describes terms that may occur in embodiments of this application.
In descriptions of this application, it should be noted that orientation or location relationships indicated by terms “center”, “above”, “below”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “inner”, “outer”, and the like are orientation or location relationships based on the accompanying drawings, and are merely intended for ease of describing this application and simplifying description, rather than indicating or implying that an apparatus or element in question needs to have a specific orientation or needs to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, such terms cannot be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, terms “first” and “second” are merely used for a purpose of description, and shall not be understood as an indication or implication of relative importance.
In descriptions of this application, it should be noted that unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, terms “mount”, “interconnect”, and “connect” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, such terms may indicate a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; may indicate a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; and may indicate direct interconnection, indirect interconnection through an intermediate medium, or internal communications between two elements. A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand specific meanings of the foregoing terms in this application based on a specific situation.
Opposite disposition: may be understood as a face-to-face arrangement or at least some areas partially overlapping in a specific direction. In an embodiment, two radiators disposed opposite to each other are disposed adjacent to each other, and no other radiator is disposed between the two radiators.
Coupling: may be understood as a direct coupling and/or an indirect coupling, and a “coupling connection” may be understood as a direct coupling connection and/or an indirect coupling connection. The direct coupling may also be referred to as an “electrical connection”, which may be understood as physical contact and electrical conductivity of components; or may be understood as a form in which different components in a line structure are connected by using a physical line that can transmit an electrical signal, like printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or a conducting wire. The “indirect coupling” may be understood as electrical conductivity of two conductors through space or a non-contact manner. In an embodiment, the indirect coupling may also be referred to as a capacitive coupling. For example, signal transmission is implemented by forming equivalent capacitance through coupling of a gap between two conductive elements.
The coupling in this application may include an electrical coupling, namely, a capacitive coupling. For example, signal transmission is implemented by forming equivalent capacitance through coupling of a gap between two conductive elements. The coupling may further include a magnetic coupling, namely, an electromagnetic coupling. The electromagnetic coupling is also referred to as a mutual inductance coupling, which means mutual inductance between two circuits enables a current change of one circuit affects another circuit through mutual inductance. Inputs and outputs of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks closely cooperate with each other and affect each other, and signal transmission is implemented through interaction.
Ground/floor: may generally mean at least a part of any ground layer, or ground plane, or ground metal layer of an electronic device (for example, a mobile phone), or at least a part of any combination of the any ground layer, ground plane, ground component, or the like. The “ground/floor” may be configured to ground a component of the electronic device. In an embodiment, the “ground/floor” may be a ground layer of a circuit board of the electronic device, or may be a ground plane formed by a middle frame of the electronic device, or a ground metal layer formed by a metal film below a display of the electronic device. In an embodiment, a circuit board may be a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB), for example, an 8-layer board, a 10-layer board, or 12-layer to 14-layer boards respectively having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or an element that is separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or an insulation layer like glass fiber, polymer, or the like. In an embodiment, a circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a trace layer, where the trace layer and the ground layer may be electrically connected through a via hole. In an embodiment, components such as a display, a touchscreen, an input button, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, a battery, a charging circuit, and a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) structure may be mounted on or connected to a circuit board, or electrically connected to a trace layer and/or a ground layer in the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source is disposed at the trace layer.
Any of the foregoing ground layers, or ground planes, or ground metal layers is made of conductive materials. In an embodiment, the conductive material may be any one of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and alloys thereof, copper foil on insulation laminates, aluminum foil on insulation laminates, gold foil on insulation laminates, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on insulation laminates, silver foil on insulation laminates and tin-plated copper, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated laminates, copper-plated laminates, brass-plated laminates and aluminum-plated laminates. A person skilled in the art may understand that the ground layer/ground plane/ground metal layer may alternatively be made of other conductive materials.
An electrical length may be indicated by multiplying a physical length (that is a mechanical length or a geometric length) and a ratio of a transmission period of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium to a period required when the signal passes through the same distance as a physical length of the medium in free space. The electrical length may meet the following formula:
L is the physical length, and a is the transmission period of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission period in the free space.
Alternatively, the electrical length may be a ratio of the physical length (that is, the mechanical length or the geometric length) to a wavelength of a transmitted electromagnetic wave. The electrical length may meet the following formula:
L is the physical length, and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
Limitations such as collinearity, coaxiality, coplanarity, symmetry (for example, axisymmetricity or centrosymmetry), parallelism, perpendicularity, and sameness (for example, a same length and a same width) mentioned in embodiments of this application are all for a current technology level, but are not absolutely strict definitions in a mathematical sense. A deviation less than a preset threshold (for example, 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm) may exist between edges of two collinear radiation nodes or two collinear antenna elements in a line width direction. A deviation less than a preset threshold (for example, 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm) may exist between edges of two coplanar radiation nodes or two coplanar antenna elements in a direction perpendicular to a coplanar plane of the two radiation nodes or the two antenna elements. A deviation of a preset angle (for example, ±5°, ±10°) may exist between two antenna elements that are parallel or perpendicular to each other.
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following further describes the implementations of this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to an electronic device that has one or more of the following communications technologies: a Bluetooth (Bluetooth, BT) communications technology, a global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) communications technology, a wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, Wi-Fi) communications technology, a global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) technology, a wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) communications technology, a long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) communications technology, a 5G communications technology, a SUB-6G communications technology, another future communications technology, and the like. An electronic device in embodiments of this application may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart home, a smart band, a smart watch, a smart helmet, smart glasses, a device (for example, an automotive shark fin) in an in-vehicle antenna system, or the like. Alternatively, the electronic device may be a handheld device, computing device, another processing device connected to a wireless modem, or a vehicle-mounted device that has a wireless communication function, an electronic device in a 5G network, or an electronic device in a future evolved public land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN), a wireless router, customer premises equipment (customer premises equipment, CPE), or the like. This is not limited in embodiments of this application.
Refer to
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In the first direction W, the second radiator 12 and the third radiator 13 are respectively located on two sides of the first radiator 11, a first gap 101 is formed between the second radiator 12 and the first radiator 11, and a second gap 102 is formed between the third radiator 13 and the first radiator 11.
The first radiator 11 and the second radiator 12 can be electrically coupled through the first gap 101 to transmit energy. The first radiator 11 and the third radiator can be electrically coupled through the second gap 102 to transmit energy.
The antenna further includes a first ground element 14, a second ground element 15, a third ground element 16, and a fourth ground element 17 that are spaced from each other in the first direction W. One end of the first ground element 14 is connected to a first ground point B1 of the first radiator 11, and the other end is grounded (for example, a PCB 20). One end of the second ground element 15 is connected to a second ground point B2 of the first radiator 11, and the other end is grounded. Both the first ground element 14 and the second ground element 15 are spaced from each other from the feeding element 18 in a third direction L.
One end of the third ground element 16 is connected to a ground point B3 of the second radiator 12, and the other end is grounded. One end of the fourth ground element 17 is connected to a ground point B4 of the third radiator 13, and the other end is grounded.
The first direction W, the second direction H, and the third direction L are perpendicular to each other, the first direction W is parallel to a width direction of the first radiator 11, and the third direction Lis parallel to a length direction of the first radiator 11.
A structure in which the first radiator 11 is connected to the feeding point A0 by using the feeding element 18 and is grounded by using the first ground element 14 and the second ground element 15 may be understood as a structure similar to a planar inverted F-shaped antenna (or may be referred to as a PIFA antenna, Plannar Inverted F-shaped Antenna).
In an implementation, the feeding element 18, the first ground element 14, the second ground element 15, the third ground element 16, and the fourth ground element 17 are all disposed in an extended manner in the second direction H. The feeding element 18 may be a metal rod or a hollow metal rod formed through a metal via hole in a bracket 21 (the bracket 21 may be a dielectric block). Each of the first ground element 14, the second ground element 15, the third ground element 16, and the fourth ground element 17 may be a metal rod or a hollow metal rod formed through a metal via hole in the bracket 21.
In an implementation, the ground may be formed by a ground metal layer on the PCB 20, and the first ground element 14, the second ground element 15, the third ground element 16, and the fourth ground element 17 are connected to the ground metal layer on the PCB 20 through the metal via holes. In another implementation, the ground may alternatively be formed by a metal plate of the electronic device.
The second direction H may be understood as a direction parallel to a thickness of the first radiator 11. Therefore, the feeding element 18, the first ground element 14, the second ground element 15, and the third ground element 16 may be understood as being disposed perpendicular to corresponding radiators.
In an implementation, a cross section of the feeding element 18, a cross section of the first ground element 14, a cross section of the second ground element 15, a cross section of the third ground element 16, and a cross section of the fourth ground element 17 are all in a circular shape. Sizes of the cross sections of the feeding element 18 and the ground elements are not limited. In an implementation, refer to
In another alternative implementation, the cross sections of the feeding element 18 and the ground elements may be all in a rectangular shape, or some of the cross sections are in a circular shape, and the rest are in a rectangular shape, or the cross sections may be in another shape. This is not limited in this application.
The first ground element 14, the second ground element 15, the third ground element 16, and the fourth ground element 17 may be disposed in a staggered manner or may be aligned in the third direction L.
In an implementation, at least some of the first ground element 14, the second ground element 15, the third ground element 16, and the fourth ground element 17 are disposed in a staggered manner in the third direction L. In an example, the first ground element 14 and the second ground element 16 are aligned in the third direction L, the third ground element 16 and the fourth ground element 17 are aligned in the third direction L, and the first ground element 14 and the third ground element 16 are disposed in a staggered manner in the third direction L. In another example, the four ground elements may alternatively be disposed in a staggered manner in the third direction L.
In addition, an antenna height in this embodiment of this application is not limited. The antenna height h0 may be understood as a distance between the ground and an upper surface of a radiator that is farthest from a floor. In an implementation, the antenna height h0 is as follows: 4 mm≤h0≤6 mm. For example, the antenna height h0 may be 5 mm.
After the antenna is connected to the radio frequency source, a current distributed in a sine-cosine manner can be excited on the first radiator 11, the second radiator 12, and the third radiator 13. Because the first radiator 11, the second radiator 12, and the third radiator 13 are all disposed perpendicular to the corresponding radiators, the changing current on the radiator is capable of generating corresponding magnetic fields around the feeding element 18, the first ground element 14, the second ground element 15, the third ground element 16, and the fourth ground element 17. In this case, a hybrid coupling of an electrical coupling and a magnetic coupling between the radiators is generated.
It can be learned that, in this embodiment of this application, the first radiator 11, the second radiator 12, and the third radiator 13 are spaced from each other side by side, and first ground 14, the second ground element 15, the third ground element 16, the fourth ground element 17, and the feeding element 18 are connected to corresponding radiators, to form a new antenna structure. In this way, a hybrid coupling of an electrical coupling and a magnetic coupling can be simultaneously formed between the radiators, generating a third-order Chebyshev bandpass filtering response. This helps ensure that the antenna is capable of generating two radiation nulls (or may be understood as points with extremely low antenna efficiency) outside an operating frequency band by changing a proportion of the electrical coupling and the magnetic coupling in a total coupling through the first gap and the second gap under a condition that a total coupling strength of the antenna remains unchanged. This implements a filtering function without changing a radiation characteristic of the antenna, helps improve isolation between different-frequency antennas of the electronic device, and lays a foundation for improving an anti-interference capability of the electronic device.
In addition, the antenna in this embodiment of this application has features such as a simple feeding structure, a compact antenna structure, and a small size. This may contribute to miniaturization, lightness and thinness of the electronic device when the antenna is used in the electronic device.
In an implementation, the first gap 101 enables an electrical coupling strength between the first radiator 11 and the second radiator 12 to be a first target strength at a first target frequency point, and the second gap 102 enables an electrical coupling strength between the first radiator 11 and the third radiator 13 to be a second target strength at a second target frequency point. In this case, the antenna is capable of generating two radiation nulls at the first target frequency point and the second target frequency point.
An operating frequency band of the antenna is between the first target frequency point and the second target frequency point.
It should be noted that the antenna in this embodiment of this application may be a single-band antenna, or may be a multi-band antenna, for example, a dual-band antenna. In other words, there may be one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna. This is not limited in this application.
The first target frequency point may be understood as one frequency point at an upper edge of a passband, or may be understood as one frequency point less than a lower limit frequency point of the operating frequency band of the antenna. The second target frequency point may be understood as one frequency point at a lower edge of the passband, or may be understood as one frequency point greater than an upper limit frequency point of the operating frequency band of the antenna. (For details, refer to the following description related to
The antenna in this embodiment of this application can simultaneously form the hybrid coupling of the electrical coupling and the magnetic coupling on each radiator when connecting to a radio frequency source. Therefore, the electrical coupling strength between the first radiator 11 and the second radiator 12 and the electrical coupling strength between the first radiator 11 and the third radiator 13 may be adjusted by appropriately setting sizes of the first gap 101 and the second gap 102. One point whose electrical coupling strength is the first target strength, that is, the electrical coupling strength is extremely low is formed at one frequency point (namely, the first target frequency point) at an upper edge of a current operating frequency band of the antenna. One point whose electrical coupling strength is the second target strength, that is, the electrical coupling strength is extremely low is formed at one frequency point (namely, the second target frequency point) at a lower edge of the current operating frequency band of the antenna. In addition, the feeding element 18, the first ground element 14, the second ground element 15, the third ground element 16, and the fourth ground element 17 generate corresponding magnetic fields, so that a hybrid coupling of an electrical coupling and a magnetic coupling is generated between the radiators. This can ensure that a total coupling strength between the radiators (for example, the first radiator 11, the second radiator 12, and the third radiator 13) remains unchanged, and a radiation characteristic of the antenna is not affected.
It can be learned that, in this embodiment of this application, the first gap 101 and the second gap 102 enable one radiation null (or may be understood as a point with extremely low antenna efficiency) to be generated at each of the two target frequencies under a condition that the total coupling strength of the antenna remains unchanged. When a frequency of a radio frequency signal received by the antenna is at a frequency point of the radiation null or is at a frequency point outside the operating frequency band of the antenna, the antenna has extremely low efficiency and cannot operate normally. In this embodiment of this application, the operating frequency band of the antenna is between the two target frequencies. Therefore, in this embodiment of this application, antenna efficiency is relatively high in the operating frequency band of the antenna, and the antenna efficiency is relatively low outside the operating frequency band of the antenna. Alternatively, it may be understood that the antenna in this embodiment of this application can receive a radio frequency signal in the operating frequency band, and suppress a radio frequency signal outside the operating frequency band. Therefore, the antenna efficiency shows relatively high edge selectivity. This implements a filtering function, helps improve isolation between different-frequency antennas of the electronic device, and further improves an anti-interference capability of the electronic device.
The radiator is not limited in a shape, and may be in a triangle shape, a square ring shape, a circular ring shape, a sector shape, or the like. In an implementation, as shown in
Refer to
In an implementation, a narrowed portion F1 is disposed on one side that is of the second end of the first radiator 11 and that is close to the third radiator 13. In an implementation, widened portions (for example, a widened portion E3 and a widened portion E4) are disposed on two sides of a radiator section in which the first ground point B1 and the second ground point B2 of the first radiator 11 are located. In an implementation, a narrowed portion F2 is disposed on the second radiator 12, on one side of the ground point B3 of the second radiator, and on one side that is of a radiator section close to the feeding point A0 and that is close to the first radiator 11. In an implementation, a narrowed portion F3 is disposed on the third radiator 13, on one side of the ground point B4 of the third radiator, and on one side that is of a radiator section close to the feeding point A0 and that is close to the first radiator 11.
In an implementation, refer to
A plane parallel to a cross section of the first radiator 11 is used as a first projection plane C1. A projection of the primary radiator section 110 on the first projection plane C1 is located in a projection of the second radiator section 112 on the first projection plane C1. A projection of the third radiator section 113 on the first projection plane C1 covers the projection of the primary radiator section 110 on the first projection plane C1, and is located in the projection of the second radiator section 112 on the first projection plane C1. A projection of the first radiator section 111 on the first projection plane C1 covers the projection of the primary radiator section 110 on the first projection plane C1, and is located in the projection of the second radiator section 112 on the first projection plane C1. A part of a projection of the fourth radiator section 114 on the first projection plane C1 is located in the projection of the primary radiator section 110 on the first projection plane C1, and a remaining part is located outside the projection of the primary radiator section 110 on the first projection plane C1. In an implementation, a center line of the primary radiator section 110, a center line of the second radiator section 112, and a center line of the third radiator section 113 overlap. Both a center line of the first radiator section 111 and a center line of the fourth radiator section 114 are located between the center line of the primary radiator section 110 and the second radiator 12.
In another alternative implementation, the center line of the primary radiator section 110, the center line of the second radiator section 112, and the center line of the third radiator section 113 may not overlap. For example, the center line of the second radiator section 112 may offset, relative to the center line of the primary radiator section 110, in a direction toward the second radiator 12, or in a direction away from the second radiator 12. The center line of the first radiator section 111 and the center line of the fourth radiator section 114 may alternatively be located between the center line of the primary radiator section 110 and the third radiator 13, or may overlap the center line of the primary radiator section 110. Specifically, design adjustment may be performed based on a length of the radiator and the operating frequency band of the antenna. This is not limited in this application. Provided that a shape of the first radiator 11 enables the first gap 101 to meet a coupling strength requirement of the first radiator 11 and the second radiator 12 and a coupling strength requirement of the first radiator 11 and the third radiator 13, it is considered as not departing from the scope of this embodiment of this application.
The second radiator 12 includes a primary radiator section 121 and a secondary radiator section 122 that are sequentially connected in a length direction of the second radiator 12. The ground point B3 of the second radiator 12 is disposed on the primary radiator section 121 of the second radiator 12. In an implementation, the ground point B3 of the second radiator is disposed on a radiator section that is in the primary radiator section 121 of the second radiator 12 and that is close to the secondary radiator section 122 of the second radiator 12. The ground point B4 of the third radiator is disposed on a radiator section that is in the primary radiator section 131 of the third radiator 13 and that is close to a secondary radiator section 132 of the third radiator 13.
In an implementation, a projection of the secondary radiator section 122 of the second radiator 12 on the first projection plane C1 is located in a projection of the primary radiator section 121 of the second radiator 12 on the first projection plane C1. A center line of the secondary radiator section 122 of the second radiator 12 is located on one side that is of a center line the primary radiator section 121 of the second radiator 12 and that is away from the first radiator 11. In another alternative implementation, the center line of the secondary radiator section 122 may alternatively be located on one side that is of the primary radiator section 121 and that is close to the first radiator 11, or may overlap the center line of the primary radiator section 121. Specifically, design adjustment may be performed based on a length of the radiator and the operating frequency band of the antenna. This is not limited in this application. Provided that a shape of the second radiator 12 enables the first gap 101 to meet a coupling strength requirement of the first radiator 11 and the second radiator 12, it is considered as not departing from the scope of this embodiment of this application.
The third radiator 13 includes a primary radiator section 131 and a secondary radiator section 132 that are sequentially connected in a length direction of the third radiator 13. The ground point B4 of the third radiator is disposed on the primary radiator section 131 of the third radiator 13.
A projection of the secondary radiator section 132 of the third radiator 13 on the first projection plane C1 is located in a projection of the primary radiator section 131 of the third radiator 13 on the first projection plane C1. A center line of the secondary radiator section 132 of the third radiator 13 is located on one side that is of a center line of the primary radiator section 131 of the third radiator 13 and that is away from the first radiator 11. In another alternative implementation, the center line of the secondary radiator section 132 may alternatively be located on one side that is of the primary radiator section 131 and that is close to the first radiator 11, or may overlap the center line of the primary radiator section 131. Specifically, design adjustment may be performed based on a length of the radiator and the operating frequency band of the antenna. This is not limited in this application. Provided that a shape of the third radiator 13 enables the second gap 102 to meet a coupling strength requirement of the first radiator 11 and the third radiator 13, it is considered as not departing from the scope of this embodiment of this application.
In an implementation, in the third direction L, both ends of the second radiator 12 are located between two ends of the first radiator 11, and both ends of the third radiator 13 are located between two ends of the second radiator 12.
A person skilled in the art should understand that the “end” of the radiation element mentioned in this specification is not limited to a specific end face of the radiator, but may further be a partial area of the radiator including the end surface, for example, an area within 5 mm or 2 mm of the end face of the radiator.
In an implementation, a plane parallel to a longitudinal section of the first radiator 11 is used as a second projection plane C2. A projection of the primary radiator section 131 of the third radiator 13 on the second projection plane C2 is located in a projection of the primary radiator section 121 of the second radiator 12 on the second projection plane C2. A projection of the secondary radiator section 132 of the third radiator 13 on the second projection plane C2 is located in a projection of the secondary radiator section 122 of the second radiator 12 on the second projection plane C2. A projection of the first radiator section 111 of the first radiator 11 on the second projection plane C2 is located outside a projection of the primary radiator section 131 of the third radiator 13 on the second projection plane C2. A part of a projection of the fourth radiator section 114 on the second projection plane C2 is located in the projection of the secondary radiator 132 of the third radiator 13 on the second projection plane C2, and a remaining part is located outside the projection of the secondary radiator 132 of the third radiator 13 on the second projection plane C2.
In an implementation, projections of the primary radiator section 110 and the second radiator section 112 of the first radiator 11 on the second projection plane C2 are located in the projection of the primary radiator section 131 of the third radiator 13 on the second projection plane C2.
In this application, with the foregoing structure, the first gap 101 and the second gap 102 that are in irregular shapes are shown in
In an implementation, each of the plurality of radiators is capable of generating at least two resonances, and resonance frequency points corresponding to the at least two resonances generated by each radiator are in different operating frequency bands of the antenna. The corresponding resonance frequency point may be understood as a resonance frequency point at which the radiator is capable of generating a corresponding resonance. In an implementation, a first resonance frequency point of each of the plurality of radiators is in a first operating frequency band of the antenna. In an implementation, a second resonance frequency point of each of the plurality of radiators is in a second operating frequency band of the antenna.
For example, in an implementation, each of the plurality of radiators of the antenna is capable of generating two resonances, or it may be understood that the antenna is a dual-band antenna. For a specific structure, refer to
In the third direction L, in the second radiator 12, an electrical length of a radiator section located on one side of the ground point B3 of the second radiator 12 is ¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the first resonance frequency point of the second radiator 12; and an electrical length of a radiator section located on the other side of the ground point B3 of the second radiator 12 is ¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the second resonance frequency point of the second radiator 12.
In the third direction L, in the third radiator 13, an electrical length of a radiator section located on one side of the ground point B4 of the third radiator is 13¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the first resonance frequency point of the third radiator 13; and an electrical length of a radiator section located on the other side of the ground point B4 of the third radiator 13 is ¼ of an operating wavelength corresponding to the second resonance frequency point of the third radiator 13.
It should be understood that, in this embodiment of this application, a physical length of the radiator may be (1±10%) times longer an electrical length of the radiator. For example, a physical length of a radiator section located in the first radiator 11 on one side of the feeding connection point A0 may be (1±10%) times longer ¼ of the operating wavelength corresponding to the first resonance frequency point of the first radiator 11.
The first resonance frequency point of the first radiator 11, the first resonance frequency point of the second radiator 12, and the first resonance frequency point of the third radiator 13 are all in the first operating frequency band of the antenna.
The second resonance frequency point of the first radiator 11, the second resonance frequency point of the second radiator 12, and the second resonance frequency point of the third radiator 13 are all in the second operating frequency band of the antenna. The second operating frequency band and the first operating frequency band are different operating frequency bands, and the frequency bands do not overlap. In an implementation, the antenna is a dual-band Wi-Fi antenna, the first operating frequency band of the antenna is 2.4 GHz to 2.52 GHZ, and is applicable to a Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz frequency band, and the second operating frequency band of the antenna is 5 GHz to 5.88 GHz, and is applicable to a Wi-Fi 5 GHz frequency band.
In addition, positions of the feeding connection point A0 and a plurality of ground points are not limited. In an implementation, the feeding connection point A0 is located at ⅓ of the first radiator 11 in the length direction of the first radiator 11.
The first ground point B1 and the second ground point B2 may also be located at ⅓ of the first radiator 11 in the length direction of the first radiator 11 (in this case, the feeding connection point A0 is not located at ⅓ of the first radiator 11 in the length direction of the first radiator 11, and is spaced from the first ground point B1 and the second ground point B2 in the length direction of the first radiator 11).
In an implementation, in the third direction L, the first ground point B1, the second ground point B2, the ground point B3 of the second radiator, and the ground point B4 of the third radiator are all located on a same side of the feeding connection point A0. For example, the first ground point B1, the second ground point B2, the ground point B3 of the second radiator, and the ground point B4 of the third radiator are all located on one side that is of the feeding connection point A0 and that is close to the primary radiator section 110, or may be located on one side that is of the feeding connection point A0 and that is away from the primary radiator section 110. In another example, some of the first ground point B1, the second ground point B2, the ground point B3 of the second radiator, and the ground point B4 of the third radiator may alternatively be located on one side of the feeding connection point A0, and others are located on the other side of the feeding connection point A0.
In an implementation,
In an implementation, in the first direction W, the spacing d1 between the first ground point B1 and the second ground point B2 is 0.4 mm≤d1≤4.4 mm, for example, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2.5 mm. The spacing d2 between the first ground point B1 and the ground point B3 of the second radiator is 0.6 mm≤d2≤4.6 mm, for example, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, or 2.7 mm. The spacing d3 between the second ground point B2 and the ground point B4 of the third radiator is 0.5 mm≤d3≤4.5 mm, for example, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, or 2.5 mm. In another alternative implementation, another value may exist.
In an implementation, in the third direction L, a spacing d4 between the first ground point B1 and the second ground point B2, a spacing d5 between the ground point B3 of the second radiator and the first ground point B1, and a spacing d6 between the ground point B4 of the third radiator and the second ground point B2 are all less than or equal to 10 mm.
In an implementation, in the third direction L, the spacing d4 between the first ground point B1 and the second ground point B2 is 0.4 mm≤d4≤4.4 mm, for example, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2.5 mm. The spacing d5 between the first ground point B1 and the ground point B3 of the second radiator is 0.6 mm≤d5≤4.6 mm, for example, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, or 2.7 mm. The spacing d6 between the second ground point B2 and the ground point B4 of the third radiator is 0.5 mm≤d6≤4.5 mm, for example, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, or 2.5 mm. In another alternative implementation, another value may exist.
This embodiment of this application provides antenna parameter selection reference values that can meet use requirements of specific operating frequency bands. For details, refer to Table 1 (with reference to
It should be noted that the foregoing is merely an example of parameter selection of a dual-band Wi-Fi antenna. When the antenna in this embodiment of this application is used as another antenna or is applicable to another operating frequency band, parameter selection may be adjusted based on an actual application scenario of the antenna. This is not limited in this application.
In this implementation, a longer radiator section located in the first radiator 11 on one side of the feeding connection point A0 (namely, a radiator section located in the first radiator 11 on a left side of the feeding connection point A0 shown in
A shorter radiator section located in the first radiator 11 on the other side of the feeding connection point A0 (namely, a radiator section located in the first radiator 11 on a right side of the feeding connection point A0 shown in
As shown in
In an implementation, the bracket 21 is fastened to the shark fin floor 22. The bracket 21 may be formed by a dielectric plate and used as a support structure of the antenna 1. A dielectric constant and a size of the bracket 21 affect performance of the antenna. The dielectric plate may be, for example, a substrate based on a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC, “Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic”) process (for example, the substrate may be made of a Ferro A6m material provided by Ferro, where a dielectric constant is 5.9, and a dielectric thickness of each layer is 0.094 mm). In an implementation, the bracket 21 may alternatively be a substrate formed through another process, for example, a substrate formed through a PCB process, and an HDI (High Density Interconnector, a high-density interconnect technology, such as a micro, blind and buried via hole technology) process.
In an implementation, the antenna 1 in this embodiment of this application may be used as a Wi-Fi antenna of the electronic device 2. It should be understood that the Wi-Fi antenna is an antenna configured to transmit and receive a wireless signal, so that the electronic device is connected to a wireless local area network (WLAN, Wireless Local Area Network). In an implementation, the antenna 1 is located at an edge of the ground of the electronic device 2, and is close to an edge of the housing 23 of the electronic device. As shown in
In an implementation, refer to
Simulation analysis is performed on the antenna provided in this embodiment through HFSS simulation software, to obtain an effect curve diagram shown in
In
It should be noted that, −6 dB is usually used as a standard value of S11 in engineering. When a value of S11 of the antenna is less than −6 dB, it may be considered that the antenna can operate normally, or it may be considered that the antenna transmit efficiency is relatively good.
The system efficiency actual efficiency obtained by matching an antenna port, that is, the system efficiency of the antenna is the actual efficiency (namely, efficiency) of the antenna. A person skilled in the art may understand that efficiency is usually indicated by a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between the efficiency and dB. Efficiency closer to 0 dB indicates better antenna efficiency.
It can be learned from
When the antenna is in the first operating frequency band, low frequency parts (with reference to the foregoing for understanding) of three radiators of the antenna respectively operate at 2.4 GHz, 2.46 GHz, and 2.5 GHz. In addition, one radiation null (the antenna efficiency is less than −20 dB) is generated at one frequency point, namely, a first target frequency point G1, which is equal to 2.32 GHz, at an upper edge of the current operating frequency band of the antenna, and one radiation null (the antenna efficiency is less than −20 dB) is generated at one frequency point, namely, a second target frequency point G2, which is equal to 2.58 GHZ, at a lower edge of the first operating frequency band of the antenna. Moreover, in the first operating frequency band of the antenna, an efficiency curve is flat and efficiency is relatively high; outside the first operating frequency band of the antenna, the efficiency curve has a steep edge, the antenna efficiency is sharply reduced, and out-of-band suppression efficiency is greater than −20 dB, implementing a filtering function.
When the antenna is in the second operating frequency band, high frequency parts (with reference to the foregoing for understanding) of the three radiators of the antenna respectively operate at 5.05 GHZ, 5.35 GHZ, and 5.8 GHz. In addition, one radiation null (the antenna efficiency is less than −10 dB) is generated at one frequency point, namely, the first target frequency point G3, which is equal to 4.9 GHZ, at an upper edge of the current operating frequency band of the antenna, and one radiation null (the antenna efficiency is less than −7 dB) is generated at one frequency point, namely, the second target frequency point G4, which is equal to 6.05 GHZ, at a lower edge of the current operating frequency band of the antenna. Moreover, in the second operating frequency band of the antenna, an efficiency curve is flat and efficiency is relatively high; outside the second operating frequency band of the antenna, the efficiency curve has a steep edge, the antenna efficiency is sharply reduced, and out-of-band suppression effect is greater than −7 dB, implementing a filtering function.
Refer to
An arrow indicates a current direction on a radiator of the antenna. It can be learned from
Simulation effect is analyzed on an antenna in an embodiment and the monopole antenna in the reference design through simulation software, to obtain effect curve diagrams shown in
Simulation data of the antenna in this embodiment of this application that is obtained from the curve diagrams shown in
It can be learned from
Refer to
The primary antenna may be understood as an antenna that is configured to transmit and receive an electromagnetic wave signal by the electronic device.
In this implementation, the antenna in this embodiment of this application is used as a Wi-Fi antenna of the electronic device, and is located at a head of a shark fin floor 22 of the electronic device. In addition, the shark fin floor 22 is used as the ground, and the primary antenna 24 is located at a tail of the shark fin floor 22.
A structure of the electronic device shown in
Simulation effect is analyzed on the electronic device shown in
It can be learned from
Refer to
As shown in
The first radiator 11A includes a primary radiator section 111A and a secondary radiator section 112A that are sequentially connected. The second radiator 12A includes a primary radiator section 121A and a secondary radiator section 122A that are sequentially connected. The third radiator 13A includes a primary radiator section 131A and a secondary radiator section 132A that are sequentially connected.
The primary radiator section 111A of the first radiator 11A and the primary radiator section 121A of the second radiator 12A are spaced from each other in a first direction W on a same plane, to form a first gap 101A.
A first end of the primary radiator section 111A of the first radiator 11A is connected to a first end of the secondary radiator section 112A, a second end of the primary radiator section 111A is connected to a first end of the first ground element 15A, and a second end of the first ground element 15A is grounded.
A first end of the primary radiator section 121A of the second radiator 12A is connected to a first end of the secondary radiator section 122A, a second end of the primary radiator section 121A is connected to a first end of the second ground element 16A, and a second end of the second ground element 16A is grounded.
In an implementation, both the first ground element 15A and the second ground element 16A extend in a second direction H, and both the second end of the first ground element 15A and the second end of the second ground element 16A are short-circuited and grounded through metal via holes. In an implementation, a cross section of the first ground element 15A and a cross section of the second ground element 16A are both in a circular shape. In another alternative implementation, the cross sections may be in a rectangular shape or in another shape.
In addition, the radiator is not limited in a shape, and may be in a triangle shape, a square ring shape, a circular ring shape, a sector shape, or the like.
A first end of the primary radiator section 131A of the third radiator 13A is connected to a first end of the secondary radiator section 132A, and a second end of the secondary radiator section 132A is grounded. In addition, the secondary radiator section 112A, the secondary radiator section 122A, and the secondary radiator section 132A all extend in the second direction H.
The primary radiator section 131A of the third radiator 13A is spaced from and disposed opposite to the first radiator 11A and the second radiator 12A in the second direction H, to form a second gap 102A.
In the second direction H, both a second end of the secondary radiator section 112A of the first radiator 11A and a second end of the secondary radiator section 122A of the second radiator 12A are coupled to a second end of the primary radiator section 131A of the third radiator 13A through the second gap 102A. The second end of the secondary radiator section 112A of the first radiator 11A is coupled to the second end of the primary radiator section 131A of the third radiator 13A mainly through a gap between the second end of the secondary radiator section 112A and the second end of the primary radiator section 131A of the third radiator 13A. The second end of the secondary radiator section 122A of the second radiator 12A is coupled to the second end of the primary radiator section 131A of the third radiator 13A mainly through a gap between the second end of the secondary radiator section 122A and the second end of the primary radiator section 131A of the third radiator 13A. In this implementation, the third radiator 13A is used as a primary radiator of the antenna 1A, or may be understood as a radiator with highest radiation intensity. In an implementation, the primary radiator section 111A and the primary radiator section 121A are both in an L shape.
The antenna 1A further includes a feeding element 18A. The feeding element 18A and the primary radiator section 111A of the first radiator 11A are spaced from each other in the first direction W on a same plane, to form a third gap 103A. The feeding element 18A is configured to be connected to a radio frequency source RF, and enable the first radiator 11A to receive a feeding signal based on coupling through the third gap 103A.
In an implementation, the feeding element 18A includes a first node 181A and a second node 182A that are sequentially connected, and the first node 181A is connected to the radio frequency source RF. In an implementation, the first node 181A is in a strip shape, and the second node 182A is in an L shape. In an implementation, the feeding element 18A may be of a non-resonating node (Non-resonating Node, NRN) structure.
The radio frequency source RF may be a radio frequency chip, or may be another radio frequency apparatus that can transmit a radio frequency signal.
A plane parallel to the first direction W and the third direction L is used as a projection plane. Projections of the first radiator 11A, the second radiator 12A, and the feeding element 18A on the projection plane are all located in a projection of the third radiator 13A on the projection plane.
As shown in
In an implementation, the first end of the primary radiator section 111A of the first radiator 11A and the first end of the primary radiator section 121A of the second radiator 12A are aligned in the third direction L.
In an implementation, at least some radiator sections of the first radiator 11A, at least some radiator sections of the second radiator 12A, and at least some radiator sections of the third radiator 13A are disposed on a bracket 21A of the electronic device.
In an implementation, the PCB 20A of the electronic device includes a dielectric substrate 201A and a ground metal layer 202A located on a lower surface of the dielectric substrate 201A. The ground metal layer 202A is used as a ground in this embodiment of this application.
In an implementation, the bracket 21A is in a U shape, and the bracket 21A includes a bracket body 211A, and a connection portion 212A and a connection portion 213A that are connected to both ends of the bracket body 211A. Both the secondary radiator section 112A of the first radiator 11A and the secondary radiator section 122A of the second radiator 12A are etched on a side surface that is of the connection portion 212A and that is away from the bracket body 211A. Both the primary radiator section 111A of the first radiator 11A and the primary radiator section 121A of the second radiator 12A are etched on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate 201A of the PCB 20A. The feeding element 18A is also etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 201A of the PCB 20A. It should be noted that the bracket 21A may be a dielectric block.
The primary radiator section 131A of the third radiator 13A is etched on an upper surface that is of the bracket body 211A and that is away from the PCB 20A. The secondary radiator section 132A of the third radiator 13A is etched on a side surface that is of the connection portion 213A and that is away from the bracket body 211A. In another alternative implementation, the radiator may be disposed on another surface of the bracket 21A through another processing technology. This is not limited in this application. The bracket 21A may alternatively be in another shape, for example, in an arch shape.
In addition, an antenna height in this embodiment of this application is not limited. The antenna height may be understood as a distance between the ground and an upper surface of a radiator (for example, the third radiator 13A) that is farthest from a floor. In an implementation, the antenna height is as follows: 4 mm≤the antenna height≤6 mm. For example, the antenna height may be 5 mm.
The antenna in this embodiment of this application has a compact structure and a small size. An example of the antenna size is 21 mm*6 mm*5.4 mm. Certainly, when the antenna in this embodiment of this application is applied to different electronic devices and is applicable to different operating frequency bands, the antenna size may be another size.
In this embodiment of this application, the first radiator 11A, the second radiator 12A, the third radiator 13A, and the feeding element 18A are spaced from each other, and the first ground element 15A and the second ground element 16A are connected to the corresponding radiators, to form a new antenna structure. In this way, a hybrid coupling of an electrical coupling and a magnetic coupling can be simultaneously formed between the radiators, generating a third-order Chebyshev bandpass filtering response. The third radiator 13A may be considered as a last-order resonator of a third-order Chebyshev filter, to construct an antenna having a filtering function. The antenna is capable of generating two radiation nulls (or may be understood as points with extremely low antenna efficiency) outside an operating frequency band of the antenna without changing a radiation characteristic of the antenna, so that the antenna in this embodiment of this application can receive a radio frequency signal in the operating frequency band, and suppress a radio frequency signal outside the operating frequency band. This implements a filtering function without changing a radiation characteristic of the antenna, helps improve isolation between different-frequency antennas of the electronic device, and further improves an anti-interference capability of the electronic device.
In addition, the antenna in this embodiment of this application has features such as a simple feeding structure, a compact antenna structure, and a small size. This may contribute to miniaturization, lightness and thinness of the electronic device when the antenna is used in the electronic device.
In an implementation, the antenna in this embodiment of this application may be used as a Wi-Fi antenna of the electronic device. The following provides antenna parameter selection reference values that can meet use requirements of specific operating frequency bands. For details, refer to Table 3 (with reference to
It should be noted that the foregoing is merely an example of parameter selection of a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi antenna. When the antenna in this embodiment of this application is used as another antenna or is applicable to another operating frequency band, parameter selection may be adjusted based on an actual application scenario of the antenna. This is not limited in this application.
This application further provides an electronic device, including the antenna 1A in any one of the foregoing implementations.
In an implementation, refer to
Simulation analysis is performed on the antenna provided in this embodiment through HFSS simulation software, to obtain an effect curve diagram shown in
It can be learned from
Three resonance frequencies generated by the three radiators of the antenna are 2.36 GHz, 2.46 GHZ, and 2.56 GHz. In addition, one radiation null (the antenna efficiency is less than −20 dB) is generated at one frequency point, namely, a first target frequency point G5, which is equal to 2.28 GHZ, at an upper edge of the operating frequency band of the antenna, and one radiation null (the antenna efficiency is less than −20 dB) is generated at one frequency point, namely, a second target frequency point G6, which is equal to 2.66 GHz, at a lower edge of the first operating frequency band of the antenna. In the operating frequency band of the antenna, an efficiency curve is flat and efficiency is relatively high; outside the operating frequency band of the antenna, the efficiency curve has a steep edge, the antenna efficiency is sharply reduced, and out-of-band suppression effect is greater than −17.5 dB, implementing a filtering function.
Simulation effect is separately tested for the antennas in the three reference designs shown in
It can be learned from
Simulation effect is analyzed on an antenna in an embodiment and a monopole antenna in a reference design through simulation software, to obtain effect curve diagrams shown in
It can be learned from
In an implementation, the antenna in this embodiment of this application is further applicable to an application scenario of a dual-band Wi-Fi antenna.
Simulation effect is separately analyzed through simulation software when the antenna in this embodiment is applied to the dual-band Wi-Fi antenna and a monopole antenna is used in the dual-band Wi-Fi antenna, to obtain effect curve diagrams shown in
It can be learned from
In this implementation, the antenna in this embodiment of this application is used as a Wi-Fi antenna of the electronic device, and there are two antennas. The two antennas are spaced from each other side by side at a head of the shark fin floor 22A of the electronic device. In addition, the shark fin floor 22A is used as the ground, and the primary antenna 24A is located at a tail of the shark fin floor 22A.
Simulation effect is analyzed on the electronic device shown in
Obtained simulation data of the monopole antenna from the effect curve diagram shown in
It can be learned from
Refer to
As shown in
Structures and antenna layout space sizes of the electronic device shown in
Simulation effect is analyzed through simulation software on the electronic device (as shown in
In
It can be learned from
In addition, it should be noted that
In addition to the loop antenna mentioned above and the antenna in an embodiment of this application, different types of antennas further include a slot antenna (or may be referred to as a slot antenna), a first planar inverted F-shaped antenna (PIFA-Feed far), and a second planar inverted F-shaped antenna (PIFA-Feed near). The first planar inverted F-shaped antenna may be understood as a planar inverted F-shaped antenna whose feeding connection point on a radiator is relatively away from an LTE communications antenna. The second planar inverted F-shaped antenna may be understood as a planar inverted F-shaped antenna whose feeding connection point on a radiator is relatively close to the LTE communications antenna. In
It can be learned from
It can be learned that, the antenna in this embodiment of this application is used as the Wi-Fi antenna, so that the isolation between the Wi-Fi antenna and the communications antenna can be greatly improved. Especially in a frequency band away from an edge frequency point (or may be understood as the target frequency point mentioned above), the isolation between the different-frequency antennas is improved by up to about 15 dB. This helps resolve coexistence of the Wi-Fi antenna and the communications antenna. Especially, in an application scenario in which there is no guard band between a B40 frequency band (2300 MHz to 2400 MHZ) and a Wi-Fi/BT frequency band (2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz), or in an application scenario in which there is only a 16 M guard band between a B7/B40 frequency band (2500 MHz to 2570 MHz) and the Wi-Fi/BT frequency band (2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz), poor isolation between the Wi-Fi antenna and the communications antenna can be effectively resolved, and anti-interference capabilities of a Wi-Fi system and an LTE system (or may be understood as a communications system) in the electronic device is improved. This improves the anti-interference capability of the electronic device.
It is clearly that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202210050320.2 | Jan 2022 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2022/138413 | 12/12/2022 | WO |
