Patent Grant
11764483
This application claims the benefit under USC 119(a) of Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2020-0010763 filed on Jan. 30, 2020, and 10-2020-0063551 filed on May 27, 2020, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
The present disclosure relates to an antenna apparatus.
Data traffic for mobile communications is increasing rapidly every year. Technological development is underway to support the transmission of such rapidly increased data in real time in wireless networks. For example, the contents of internet of things (IoT) based data, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), live VR/AR combined with SNS, autonomous navigation, applications such as Sync View (real-time video user transmissions using ultra-small cameras), and the like may require communications (e.g., 5G communications, mmWave communications, etc.) supporting the transmission and reception of large amounts of data.
Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, including 5th generation (5G) communications, have been researched, and research into the commercialization/standardization of an antenna apparatus for smoothly realizing such communications is progressing.
Since radio frequency (RF) signals in high frequency bands (e.g., 24 GHz, 28 GHz, 36 GHz, 39 GHz, 60 GHz, etc.) are easily absorbed and lost in the course of the transmission thereof, the quality of communications may be dramatically reduced. Therefore, antennas for communications in high frequency bands may require different approaches from those of conventional antenna technology, and a separate approach may require further special technologies, such as implementing separate power amplifiers for securing antenna gain, integrating an antenna and radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), securing effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), and the like.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the disclosure.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In one general aspect, an antenna apparatus includes a ground plane, a patch antenna pattern disposed on an upper surface of the ground plane, a feed via disposed to penetrate the ground plane while being spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern, and a coiled feed pattern electrically connected to an upper end of the feed via, spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern, and configured to provide a feed path to the patch antenna pattern, wherein at least a portion of the coiled feed pattern is coiled, wherein the patch antenna pattern comprises an aperture portion corresponding to the coiled feed pattern.
The patch antenna pattern may include a recessed shape in a portion in which the aperture portion is located.
The aperture portion may include an aperture pattern disposed below the patch antenna pattern and at least partially overlapping a recessed portion of the patch antenna pattern in a vertical direction.
The aperture portion may include a plurality of aperture vias, each one end of which is electrically connected to a first patch antenna pattern of the patch antenna pattern, and an aperture pattern electrically connecting each other ends of the plurality of aperture vias.
The aperture portion may include an aperture pattern disposed below the patch antenna pattern, and the at least a portion of the coiled feed pattern may be disposed on a level between the aperture pattern and the patch antenna pattern.
The patch antenna pattern may include a polygonal shape, and the aperture portion may include a plurality of aperture portions respectively arranged on a plurality of sides of the polygonal shape.
The coiled feed pattern may include a first coiled feed pattern having one end electrically connected to the feed via, an inductive via having one end electrically connected to another end of the first coiled feed pattern, and a second coiled feed pattern having one end electrically connected to another end of the inductive via and disposed to at least partially overlap the first coiled feed pattern in a vertical direction.
A portion of the second coiled feed pattern may extend in different directions from one end of a coiled portion of the second coiled feed pattern.
The patch antenna pattern may include a first patch antenna pattern having the aperture portion, and a second patch antenna pattern disposed on the first patch antenna pattern at least partially overlapping the first patch antenna pattern in a vertical direction, and the feed via may include a first feed via electrically connected to the coiled feed pattern, and a second feed via spaced apart from the first feed via, penetrating the first patch antenna pattern, and electrically connected to the second patch antenna pattern.
The second feed via may include a plurality of second feed vias respectively biased in different directions from a center of the second patch antenna pattern, the plurality of second feed vias may have portions extending parallel to the first and second patch antenna patterns between the first and second patch antenna patterns in different directions, and lengths of the extending portions of the plurality of second feed vias between the first and second patch antenna patterns may be different.
The antenna apparatus may further include a plurality of ground vias electrically connecting between the first patch antenna pattern and the ground plane, respectively.
In another general aspect, an antenna apparatus includes a dielectric layer, a first patch antenna pattern disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric layer, a first feed via penetrating the dielectric layer by at least a portion of a thickness of the dielectric layer and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern, and a coiled feed pattern electrically connected to an upper end of the first feed via, spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern, and configured to provide a feed path to the first patch antenna pattern, wherein at least a portion of the coiled feed pattern is coiled, wherein a portion of the coiled feed pattern extends in different directions from one end of a coiled portion of the coiled feed pattern.
A coiling axis of the coiled portion may be biased from the first feed via to the first patch antenna pattern.
The coiled portion may include n and a half turns, where n is a natural number.
The coiled feed pattern may include a first coiled feed pattern having one end electrically connected to the first feed via, an inductive via having one end electrically connected to another end of the first coiled feed pattern, and a second coiled feed pattern having one end electrically connected to another end of the inductive via and at least partially overlapping the first coiled feed pattern in a vertical direction, wherein a portion of the second coiled feed pattern may extend in different directions from one end of a coiled portion of the second coiled feed pattern.
The coiled feed pattern may be disposed not to overlap the first patch antenna pattern in a vertical direction.
The antenna apparatus may further include an extended patch antenna pattern at least partially overlapping the coiled feed pattern in the vertical direction.
In another general aspect, an antenna apparatus includes a dielectric layer, a first patch antenna pattern disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric layer, a first feed via penetrating the dielectric layer by at least a portion of a thickness of the dielectric layer and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern, a coiled feed pattern electrically connected to an upper end of the first feed via, spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern, and configured to provide a feed path to the first patch antenna pattern, wherein at least a portion of the coiled feed pattern is coiled, an extended patch antenna pattern at least partially overlapping the coiled feed pattern in a vertical direction, and a second patch antenna pattern disposed on the first patch antenna pattern and at least partially overlapping the first patch antenna pattern in the vertical direction.
A coiling axis of a coiled portion of the coiled feed pattern may be biased from the first feed via to the first patch antenna pattern.
The second patch antenna pattern may have a polygonal shape, the extended patch antenna pattern may include a plurality of extended patch antenna patterns respectively arranged on a plurality of sides of the polygonal shape, and two or more of the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns may have different sizes.
The first feed via may include a plurality of first feed vias spaced apart from each other, the coiled feed pattern may include a plurality of coiled feed patterns electrically connected to upper ends of the plurality of first feed vias, respectively, and one extended patch antenna pattern, among the two or more of the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns, may be disposed not to overlap at least a portion of one first feed via, among the plurality of first feed vias, in the vertical direction, and another extended patch antenna pattern, among the two or more of the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns, may be disposed to further overlap another first feed via, among the plurality of first feed vias, in the vertical direction.
The antenna apparatus may further include a plurality of second feed vias spaced apart from the first feed via, penetrating the first patch antenna pattern, and electrically connected to the second patch antenna pattern, respectively, wherein the plurality of second feed vias may have portions extending parallel to the first and second patch antenna patterns between the first and second patch antenna patterns in different directions, and wherein lengths of the extending portions of the plurality of second feed vias between the first and second patch antenna patterns may be different.
The antenna apparatus may further include a second feed via spaced apart from the first feed via, penetrating the first patch antenna pattern, and electrically connected to the second patch antenna pattern, and a plurality of ground vias extending from the first patch antenna pattern, respectively, in a downward direction.
Other features and aspects will be apparent from the following detailed description, the drawings, and the claims.
Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements. The drawings may not be to scale, and the relative size, proportions, and depiction of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity, illustration, and convenience.
The following detailed description is provided to assist the reader in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described herein. However, various changes, modifications, and equivalents of the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described herein will be apparent after an understanding of this disclosure. For example, the sequences of operations described herein are merely examples, and are not limited to those set forth herein, but may be changed as will be apparent after an understanding of this disclosure, with the exception of operations necessarily occurring in a certain order. Also, descriptions of features that are known in the art may be omitted for increased clarity and conciseness.
The features described herein may be embodied in different forms, and are not to be construed as being limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein have been provided merely to illustrate some of the many possible ways of implementing the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described herein that will be apparent after an understanding of this disclosure.
Throughout the specification, when an element, such as a layer, region, or substrate, is described as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element, it may be directly “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” the other element, or there may be one or more other elements intervening therebetween. In contrast, when an element is described as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element, there can be no other elements intervening therebetween. As used herein “portion” of an element may include the whole element or less than the whole element.
As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any one and any combination of any two or more of the associated listed items; likewise, “at least one of” includes any one and any combination of any two or more of the associated listed items.
Although terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used herein to describe various members, components, regions, layers, or sections, these members, components, regions, layers, or sections are not to be limited by these terms. Rather, these terms are only used to distinguish one member, component, region, layer, or section from another member, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first member, component, region, layer, or section referred to in examples described herein may also be referred to as a second member, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the examples.
Spatially relative terms, such as “above,” “upper,” “below,” “lower,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element's relationship to another element as shown in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, an element described as being “above,” or “upper” relative to another element would then be “below,” or “lower” relative to the other element. Thus, the term “above” encompasses both the above and below orientations depending on the spatial orientation of the device. The device may be also be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the spatially relative terms used herein are to be interpreted accordingly.
The terminology used herein is for describing various examples only, and is not to be used to limit the disclosure. The articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises,” “includes,” and “has” specify the presence of stated features, numbers, operations, members, elements, and/or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, members, elements, and/or combinations thereof.
The features of the examples described herein may be combined in various ways as will be apparent after an understanding of this disclosure. Further, although the examples described herein have a variety of configurations, other configurations are possible as will be apparent after an understanding of this disclosure.
Herein, it is noted that use of the term “may” with respect to an example, for example, as to what an example may include or implement, means that at least one example exists in which such a feature is included or implemented while all examples are not limited thereto.
An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an antenna apparatus.
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The patch antenna pattern 110a may be disposed on an upper surface of the ground plane 201a. The first patch antenna pattern 111a may be configured to have a first resonant frequency, and may remotely transmit or remotely receive a radio frequency (RF) signal close to the first resonant frequency.
When the RF signal is remotely transmitted and received, most of a surface current corresponding to the RF signal may flow through an upper surface and a lower surface of the first patch antenna pattern 111a. The surface current may form an electric field in a first horizontal direction that may be the same as a direction of the surface current, and may form a magnetic field in a second horizontal direction, perpendicular to the direction of the surface current. Most of the RF signals may propagate through air or dielectric layers in a vertical direction (e.g., a z direction), perpendicular to the first and second horizontal directions.
Therefore, a radiation pattern of the first patch antenna pattern 111a may be intensively formed in a normal direction (e.g., the z direction) of the upper and lower surfaces of the first patch antenna pattern 111a. Gain of the first patch antenna pattern 111a may be improved, as concentration of the radiation pattern of the first patch antenna pattern 111a increases.
Since the ground plane 201a may reflect the RF signal to support the concentration of the radiation pattern of the first patch antenna pattern 111a, the gain of the first patch antenna pattern 111a may further increase, and may support formation of impedance corresponding to the first resonant frequency of the first patch antenna pattern 111a.
The surface current flowing in the first patch antenna pattern 111a may be formed based on a feed path provided to the first patch antenna pattern 111a. The feed path may extend from the first patch antenna pattern 111a to an integrated circuit (IC), and may be a transmission path of the RF signal. The IC may perform at least one of amplification, frequency conversion, phase control, and filtering on a received RF signal, or may perform at least one of amplification, frequency conversion, phase control, and filtering on the received RF signal, to generate an RF signal to be transmitted.
The first feed via 120a may provide a feed path to the first patch antenna pattern 111a. The first feed via 120a may be disposed to penetrate the ground plane 201a and/or a dielectric layer, and may be spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern 110a.
For example, the first feed via 120a may be disposed so as not to contact the patch antenna pattern 110a. Therefore, since a portion of the first feed via 120a, close to the first patch antenna pattern 111a, may be designed more freely, additional impedance may be provided by the first patch antenna pattern 111a.
At least one additional resonant frequency, corresponding to the additional impedance, may widen a bandwidth of the first patch antenna pattern 111a to be passed. A width of the bandwidth may be determined, based on appropriateness of a difference in frequency between the at least one additional resonant frequency and the first resonant frequency, and the number of additional resonance frequencies, close to the first resonant frequency, among the at least one additional resonance frequencies.
As a degree of freedom in design of the portion of the first feed via 120a, close to the first patch antenna pattern 111a, increases, the appropriateness and/or number of the at least one additional resonant frequency may be improved more efficiently.
Therefore, the first feed via 120a may provide a non-contact feed path to the first patch antenna pattern 111a, to improve the bandwidth of the first patch antenna pattern 111a more efficiently.
The coiled feed pattern 130a may be electrically connected to an upper end of the first feed via 120a, and may be spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern 110a.
For example, the first feed via 120a may use a relatively high degree of freedom in design of the portion of the first feed via 120a, close to the first patch antenna pattern 111a, to have an arrangement space of the coiled feed pattern 130a.
In addition, the coiled feed pattern 130a may provide a feed path to the first patch antenna pattern 111a, and at least a portion thereof may have a coiled portion.
Since the coiled feed pattern 130a is used as the feed path, a coiling current, corresponding to an RF signal transmitted through the coiled feed pattern 130a, may flow through the coiled feed pattern 130a. The coiling current may rotate corresponding to a coiling direction of the coiled portion of the coiled feed pattern 130a.
Therefore, since self-inductance of the coiled feed pattern 130a may be boosted, the coiled feed pattern 130a may have a relatively large inductance.
The coiled feed pattern 130a may provide the inductance to the first patch antenna pattern 111a, and the first patch antenna pattern 111a may have a wider bandwidth, based on an additional resonant frequency corresponding to the inductance.
The coiled feed pattern 130a may provide a feed path to the patch antenna pattern 110a by electromagnetic coupling with the patch antenna pattern 110a.
As concentration of the electromagnetic coupling increases, energy loss of the electromagnetic coupling may be reduced, and gain of the patch antenna pattern 110a may be improved.
First, the aperture portion 140a may be provided in the patch antenna pattern 110a, to correspond to the coiled feed pattern 130a.
Since the aperture portion 140a may provide a rotation path of the surface current flowing through the first patch antenna pattern 111a, inductance that may be used to match impedance of the feed path of the first patch antenna pattern 111a may be provided to the first patch antenna pattern 111a.
In addition, since electromagnetic coupling between the aperture portion 140a and the coiled feed pattern 130a may improve mutual inductance, efficiency for matching the impedance of the feed path of the first patch antenna pattern 111a may be further improved.
Therefore, since the antenna apparatus 100a according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may increase the concentration of the electromagnetic coupling of the coiled feed pattern 130a with the patch antenna pattern 110a, the gain of the patch antenna pattern 110a may be further improved.
For example, the aperture portion 140a may include at least one of a plurality of aperture patterns 141a and 142a and a plurality of aperture vias 143a and 144a.
Second, at least a portion of the coiled feed pattern 130a may extend in different directions from one end of a coiled portion of the coiled feed pattern 130a. For example, the coiled feed pattern 130a may include an extension portion 134a.
As the number of a plurality of extending directions of the extension portion 134a is large, or an angle between the plurality of extending directions of the extension portion 134a is large, energy corresponding to the RF signal in the coiled feed pattern 130a may be further focused on the extension portion 134a.
Since the coiled feed pattern 130a may include the extension portion 134a on which energy is concentrated, the first patch antenna pattern 111a may use the extension portion 134a as a core point for matching the impedance of the feed path. Therefore, the extension portion 134a may further improve efficiency for matching the impedance of the feed path of the first patch antenna pattern 111a.
Therefore, since the antenna apparatus 100a according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may increase the concentration of the electromagnetic coupling of the coiled feed pattern 130a with the patch antenna pattern 110a, the gain of the patch antenna pattern 110a may be further improved.
For example, the coiled feed pattern 130a may include at least one of a first coiled feed pattern 131a, an inductive via 132a, and a second coiled feed pattern 133a. The second coiled feed pattern 133a may include the extension portion 134a.
Third, at least a portion of at least one extended patch antenna pattern, among the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114a and 115a, may be disposed on the coiled feed pattern 130a, and may be disposed to overlap the coiled feed pattern 130a in the vertical direction (for example, the z direction). The second patch antenna pattern 112a may be disposed on the first patch antenna pattern 111a, and may be disposed such that at least a portion of the second patch antenna pattern 112a overlaps the first patch antenna pattern 111a in the vertical direction (e.g., the z direction).
Since the at least one extended patch antenna pattern, among the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114a and 115a, is electromagnetically coupled to the coiled feed pattern 130a, a portion of energy, corresponding to the RF signal, may be provided to the at least one extended patch antenna pattern, among the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114a and 115a, and may be provided to the first patch antenna pattern 111a through the second patch antenna pattern 112a.
For example, since a feed path of the coiled feed pattern 130a may be more diversified, efficiency for electricity feeding the coiled feed pattern 130a may be further improved.
Therefore, since the antenna apparatus 100a according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may increase the concentration of the electromagnetic coupling of the coiled feed pattern 130a with the patch antenna pattern 110a, the gain of the patch antenna pattern 110a may be further improved.
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The antenna apparatus 100a-1 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first region 101b and a second region 102b on an upper surface of the dielectric layer 190b.
The first region 101b may include a first layer Lv1, a second layer Lv2, and a third layer Lv3, and the second region 102b may include a fourth layer Lv4, a fifth layer Lv5, a sixth layer Lv6, and a seventh layer Lv7.
A plurality of insulating layers may be arranged between the first layer Lv1, the second layer Lv2, the third layer Lv3, the fourth layer Lv4, the fifth layer Lv5, the sixth layer Lv6, and the seventh layer Lv7, respectively, and a conductive material may be partially arranged on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the first layer Lv1, the second layer Lv2, the third layer Lv3, the fourth layer Lv4, the fifth layer Lv5, the sixth layer Lv6, and the seventh layer Lv7, according to a predesigned pattern, respectively. In this case, the predesigned pattern may be implemented as a patch antenna pattern or a coiled feed pattern.
A via may extend in the vertical direction (e.g., the z direction) to penetrate the plurality of insulating layers, and may provide an electrical connection path between the first layer Lv1, the second layer Lv2, the third layer Lv3, the fourth layer Lv4, the fifth layer Lv5, the sixth layer Lv6, and the seventh layer Lv7, respectively.
For example, the via may be formed by filling the conductive material in a state from which a portion of the plurality of insulating layers is removed, and may be formed according to a method of forming the via in a conventional printed circuit board (PCB).
A third patch antenna pattern 113b may be disposed on the first layer Lv1.
An extended patch antenna pattern 115b may be disposed on the second layer Lv2.
A second patch antenna pattern 112b may be disposed on the third layer Lv3.
A first patch antenna pattern 111b may be disposed on the fifth layer Lv5, and may overlap the second and third patch antenna patterns 112b and 113b in the vertical direction.
The coiled feed pattern 130b may be disposed on the sixth and seventh layers Lv6 and Lv7, may overlap the extended patch antenna pattern 115b in the vertical direction, and may be disposed so as not to overlap the first patch antenna pattern 111b in the vertical direction.
For example, a second coiled feed pattern 133b may be disposed on the sixth layer Lv6, a first coiled feed pattern 131b may be disposed on the seventh layer Lv7, and an inductive via 132b may be disposed between the sixth and seventh layers Lv6 and Lv7.
The aperture portion 140b may be disposed in the fifth to seventh layers Lv5, Lv6, and Lv7, may include an aperture pattern 142b disposed on a lower level than the first patch antenna pattern 111b, and may further include an aperture via 144b electrically connecting the aperture pattern 142b and the first patch antenna pattern 111b.
The second coiled feed pattern 133b, which may be at least a portion of the coiled feed pattern 130b, may be disposed on the sixth layer Lv6, which may be a level between the aperture pattern 142b and the first patch antenna pattern 111b.
Therefore, mutual inductance between the coiled feed pattern 130b and the aperture portion 140b may further increase, and efficiency for matching the impedance of a feed path of the first patch antenna pattern 111b may be further improved.
The first feed via 120b may be disposed to penetrate the dielectric layer 190b by at least a portion of a thickness of the dielectric layer 190b, and may be electrically connected to an IC 300b.
A connection member 200b may be disposed below the dielectric layer 190b, may include the first and second ground planes 201b and 202b, and may provide an arrangement space of the IC 300b.
The first and second ground planes 201b and 202b may be arranged on eighth and ninth layers Lv8 and Lv9, respectively, and may improve a degree of electromagnetic isolation between the patch antenna pattern 110b and the IC 300b.
The antenna apparatus 100a-1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a second feed via 150b disposed to be spaced apart from the first feed via 120b, penetrate the first patch antenna pattern 111b, and be electrically connected to the second patch antenna pattern 112b.
The second feed via 150b may provide a feed path of the second patch antenna pattern 112b to the second patch antenna pattern 112b, and may be used as a transmission path of a second RF signal.
The second patch antenna pattern 112b may be configured to have a second resonant frequency, different from a first resonant frequency, and the second RF signal may have a second frequency, different from a first frequency of an RF signal remotely transmitted to and remotely received from the first patch antenna pattern 111b.
For example, when the second frequency is higher than the first frequency, a size of the second patch antenna pattern 112b may be smaller than a size of the first patch antenna pattern 111b.
For example, the antenna apparatus 100a-1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may have a plurality of different frequency bands, depending on a design.
In view of the second patch antenna pattern 112b, the first patch antenna pattern 111b may be used as a ground plane for the second frequency.
A scattering phenomenon of electric and/or magnetic fields due to a fringing phenomenon of the ground plane may be reduced by the aperture portion 140b.
For example, since the first patch antenna pattern 111b having the aperture portion 140b may support concentration of a radiation pattern of the second patch antenna pattern 112b more efficiently, gain of the second patch antenna pattern 112b may be further improved. In this case, formation of impedance corresponding to the second resonant frequency of the second patch antenna pattern 112b may be more efficiently supported.
For example, the second feed via 150b may include at least one of a 2-1-th electricity feed portion 151b, a 2-2-th electricity feed portion 153b, and a 2-3-th electricity feed portion 155b.
The antenna apparatus 100a-1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a plurality of ground vias 160b electrically connecting the first patch antenna pattern 111b and the first ground plane 201b.
Therefore, the second feed via 150b may further reduce electromagnetic interference of the second feed via 150b received from an external source based on a first RF signal, and gain of each of the first and second patch antenna patterns 111b and 112b may be further improved.
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The second and third patch antenna patterns 112a and 113a may have a polygonal shape, and a side length (L2) of the second patch antenna pattern 112a may be slightly longer than a side length (L3) of the third patch antenna pattern 113a, and the side length (L3) of the third patch antenna pattern 113a may be slightly longer than a long side length (L4 or L5) of the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114a and 115a.
The plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114a and 115a may be disposed on a plurality of sides of polygonal shapes of the second and third patch antenna patterns 112a and 113a, respectively, and short side lengths (D4 and D5) of the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114a and 115a may be different from each other.
For example, a size of an antenna apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the x direction may be entirely more compressed, compared to a size of an antenna apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the y direction. Therefore, since electromagnetic interference robustness of a plurality of antenna apparatuses for each other, according to arrangement of the plurality of antenna apparatuses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the y direction, may be further improved, the plurality of antenna apparatuses according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may be more efficiently arranged in the y direction, and efficiency in arrangement of an electronic device (e.g., a smartphone) having a relatively small arrangement space may be improved.
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The first patch antenna pattern 111a may have a polygonal shape, and a side length (L1) of the first patch antenna pattern 111a may be longer than a side length of a second or third patch antenna pattern. The aperture portion 140a may be provided as a plurality of aperture portions respectively disposed on a plurality of sides of the polygonal shape.
The first patch antenna pattern 111a may have a recessed portion in a position in which the aperture portion 140a is located. Therefore, a ratio of vertical components in an electric field and/or a magnetic field, based on a surface current flowing through the aperture portion 140a, may increase.
The vertical components may be used as an electricity feed impedance matching design element of the first patch antenna pattern 111a, and may be determined based on a length (L6) and a depth (D6) of the recessed portion of the first patch antenna pattern 111a.
Therefore, the first patch antenna pattern 111a may have the recessed portion in the position in which the aperture portion 140a is located, and thus may be electricity fed more efficiently.
The recessed portion of the first patch antenna pattern 111a may overlap aperture patterns 141a and 142a in the vertical direction. Since positions of the aperture patterns 141a and 142a may affect the vertical components, the aperture portion 140a may be designed more efficiently.
A plurality of 2-3-th electricity feed portions 155a and 156a of the plurality of second feed vias 150a may be respectively biased in different directions from a center of the second patch antenna pattern, respectively.
A plurality of 2-2-th electricity feed portions 153a and 154a may extend from the plurality of 2-3-th electricity feed portions 155a and 156a parallel to the first patch antenna pattern 111a in different directions. 2-1-th electricity feed portions 151a and 152a may extend from the plurality of 2-2-th electricity feed portions 153a and 154a in a z direction.
In this case, a plurality of extension lengths (L7 and L8) of the plurality of 2-2-th electricity feed portions 153a and 154a may be different from each other.
Therefore, an antenna apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may have a more compressive size in the x direction than a size in the y direction. Therefore, since electromagnetic interference robustness of a plurality of antenna apparatuses for each other, according to arrangement of the plurality of antenna apparatuses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the y direction, may be further improved, the plurality of antenna apparatuses according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may be more efficiently arranged in the y direction, and efficiency in arrangement of an electronic device (e.g., a smartphone) having a relatively small arrangement space may be improved.
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The plurality of coiled feed patterns 130a-1 and 130a-2 may include at least one of a plurality of first coiled feed patterns 131a-1 and 131a-2, a plurality of inductive vias 132a-1 and 132a-2, and a plurality of second coiled feed patterns 133a-1 and 133a-2. The plurality of second coiled feed patterns 133a-1 and 133a-2 may include a plurality of extension portions 134a-1 and 134a-2.
When sizes of a plurality of extended patch antenna patterns are different from each other, a portion of one coiled feed pattern, among the plurality of coiled feed patterns 130a-1 and 130a-2, may be disposed so as not to overlap the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns in the vertical direction, and the other coiled feed pattern, among the plurality of coiled feed patterns 130a-1 and 130a-2, may be disposed to further overlap the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns in the vertical direction.
In addition, the plurality of coiled feed patterns 130a-1 and 130a-2 may be arranged such that a coiling axis of the coiled portion is further biased from the plurality of first feed vias 120a-1 and 120a-2 to the first patch antenna pattern.
Therefore, efficiency for electricity feeding the plurality of coiled feed patterns 130a-1 and 130a-2 on the first patch antenna patterns may be further improved.
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Therefore, since inductance of the coiled feed pattern relative to a size of the coiled feed pattern may increase, efficiency for electricity feeding the coiled feed pattern may be further improved.
In addition, a coiled portion of the coiled feed pattern may be a form in which n and a half turns are coiled, where n is a natural number. For example, coiling angles of the first and second coiled feed patterns 131a and 133a may exceed 180 degrees, and an angle (A3) formed by an imaginary line extending from a coiling axis of the coiled feed pattern toward the inductive via 132a, and an imaginary line extending from the coiling axis of the coiled feed pattern toward an extension portion 134a may be less than 180 degrees.
Therefore, since a position of the extension portion 134a may be closer to a first patch antenna pattern, efficiency for electricity feeding the coiled feed pattern may be further improved.
Inductance of the coiled feed pattern and efficiency for electricity feeding the coiled feed pattern may be determined, based on a width (W3) of the second coiled feed pattern 133a, a plurality of extension lengths (E1 and E2) of the extension portion 134a, and an entire extension length (E3) of the extension portion 134a. For example, inductance of the coiled feed pattern and efficiency for electricity feeding the coiled feed pattern may be determined, based on a width (W1) of the first coiled feed pattern 131a, a width (W3) of the second coiled feed pattern 133a, a width (W4) of the extension portion 134a, a plurality of extension lengths (E1 and E2) of the extension portion 134a, and an entire extension length (E3) of the extension portion 134a.
The first feed via 120a may include at least one of a 1-1-th electricity feed portion 121a, a 1-2-th electricity feed portion 122a, a 1-3-th electricity feed portion 123a, a 1-4-th electricity feed portion 124a, and a 1-5-th electricity feed portion 125a.
Referring to
For example, an angle (A1) formed by a plurality of imaginary lines extending toward one end and the other end of the first coiled feed pattern 131a from a coiling axis of the first coiled feed pattern 131a may be less than 180 degrees.
Referring to
A plurality of pixel patterns 170a may surround each of the plurality of antenna apparatuses 100-1, 100-2, 100-3, and 100-4, and a shielding structure 180a may be disposed to interpose between the plurality of antenna apparatuses 100-1, 100-2, 100-3, and 100-4. The shielding structure 180a may be electrically connected to the ground plane 201a through a shielding via 181a.
Referring to
A plurality of first patch antenna patterns 111f disposed on the fifth layer Lv5, a plurality of second patch antenna patterns 112f and disposed on the third layer Lv3, and a plurality of third patch antenna patterns 113f disposed on the first layer Lv1 may have a form in which the first, second, and third patch antenna patterns, illustrated in
For example, in the plurality of the first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f, respective sides thereof may be oriented in an oblique direction with respect to respective sides (e.g., an x direction side, a y direction side) of the upper surface of the ground plane 201a illustrated in
The plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f may be arranged in a direction, parallel or perpendicular to respective sides of the upper surface of the ground plane (or the dielectric layer). Therefore, the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f may be arranged in a more space-efficient manner. For example, the plurality of the first patch antenna patterns 111f may be arranged in the y direction, the plurality of second patch antenna patterns 112f may be arranged in they direction, and the plurality of the third patch antenna patterns 113f may be arranged in the y direction.
For example, in the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna pattern 111f, 112f, and 113f, respective sides thereof may be oriented in an oblique direction with respect to arrangement (e.g., they direction) of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f.
Therefore, since electric and magnetic fields based on a surface current flowing through the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f may be formed by further avoiding adjacent patch antenna patterns, electromagnetic interference of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f with each other may be reduced, and the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f may have improved gain, compared to a size thereof.
A plurality of aperture patterns 141f and 142f arranged in the seventh layer Lv7 and a plurality of aperture vias 143f and 144f arranged to connect the sixth layer Lv6 and the seventh layer Lv7 may be disposed in a position corresponding to a shape rotated by an acute angle (e.g., 45 degrees) of the first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f.
A plurality of first coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and 131f-2 arranged in the seventh layer Lv 7 and the plurality of second coiled feed patterns 133f-1 and 133f-2 arranged in the sixth layer Lv6 may be disposed in a position corresponding to a shape rotated by an acute angle (e.g., 45 degrees) of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f.
The plurality of first coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and 131f-2 and the plurality of second coiled feed patterns 133f-1 and 133f-2 may be arranged to be spaced apart by a pre-designated separation distance from the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f in an acute angle (e.g., 45 degrees) direction.
A design range of the separation distance may be further widened due to the shapes rotated by the acute angle (e.g., 45 degrees) of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f.
Therefore, the plurality of first coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and 131f-2 and the plurality of second coiled feed patterns 133f-1 and 133f-2 may utilize a wider separation distance design range, to further increase electromagnetic coupling efficiencies of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f, and further enhance gains and/or bandwidths of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f.
The overall y direction symmetry of the plurality of first coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and 131f-2, and the overall y direction symmetry of the plurality of second coiled feed patterns 133f-1 and 133f-2 may be further improved, due to the shape rotated by an acute angle (e.g., 45 degrees) of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f.
A difference between antenna performance due to the plurality of 1-1-th coiled feed patterns 131f-1, and antenna performance due to the plurality of 1-2-th coiled feed patterns 131f-2, among the plurality of first coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and 131f-2, may be relatively small. A difference between antenna performance due to the plurality of 2-1-th coiled feed patterns 133f-1, and antenna performance due to the plurality of 2-2-th coiled feed patterns 133f-2, among the plurality of second coiled feed patterns 133f-1 and 133f-2, may be relatively small.
A slant antenna apparatus 100f according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may remotely transmit and/or receive first and second RF signals that are polarized with each other, and the plurality of 1-1-th coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and the plurality of 2-1-th coiled feed patterns 133f-1 may be configured as a feed path of the first RF signal, and the plurality of 1-2-th coiled feed patterns 131f-2 and the plurality of 2-2-th coiled feed pattern 133f-2 may be configured as a feed path of the second RF signal.
The overall antenna performance of the slant antenna apparatus 100f according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, with respect to the first and second RF signals, may be higher, as a degree of electromagnetic isolation between the first and second RF signals is higher.
The degree of electromagnetic isolation between the first and second RF signals may be higher, as the overall y direction symmetry of the plurality of first coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and 131f-2 is higher, and may be higher, as the overall y direction symmetry of the plurality of second coiled feed patterns 133f-1 and 133f-2 is higher.
The overall y direction symmetry of the plurality of first coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and 131f-2, and the overall y direction symmetry of the plurality of second coiled feed patterns 133f-1 and 133f-2 may be further improved, due to the shape rotated by an acute angle (e.g., 45 degrees) of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f, and the overall antenna performance (e.g., gain and bandwidth) of the antenna apparatus 100f with respect to the first and second RF signals may be improved.
A plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114f and 115f arranged in the second layer Lv2 may be disposed in a position corresponding to a shape rotated by an acute angle (e.g., 45 degrees) of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f. The plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114f and 115f may be arranged to be spaced apart from sides of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f.
For example, in the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114f and 115f, the closest side (e.g., an inner side) to the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f may be oriented in an oblique direction with respect to at least two sides (e.g., outer sides), among remaining sides thereof.
For example, at least a portion of each of the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114f and 115f may have a wider shape closer to the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f.
Therefore, since the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114f and 115f may further concentrate directions of electric and magnetic fields due to surface currents of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f on an acute angle (e.g., 45 degree) direction, a gain of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f may be further improved, compared to a size thereof.
In addition, among the plurality of extended patch antenna patterns 114f and 115f, an extended patch antenna pattern 115f overlapping the plurality of 1-1-th coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and the plurality of 2-1-th coiled feed patterns 133f-1 in the vertical direction, and an extended patch antenna pattern 114f overlapping the plurality of 1-2-th coiled feed patterns 131f-2 and the plurality of 2-2-th coiled feed patterns 133f-2 in the vertical direction, may be configured to have shapes symmetrical with each other.
Therefore, the degree of electromagnetic isolation between the first and second RF signals may be further improved, and the overall antenna performance (e.g., gain, bandwidth) of the slant antenna apparatus 100f according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, with respect to the first and second RF signals, may be further improved.
2-1-th electricity feed portions 151f-1 and 151f-2 of the second feed via passing through the fifth layer Lv5, and 2-2-th electricity feed portions 153f-1 and 153f-2 of the second feed via disposed in the fourth layer Lv4 may be disposed in a position corresponding to a shape rotated by an acute angle (e.g., 45 degrees) of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f, and a feed path of an RF signal of a first frequency (e.g., 28 GHz) and a feed path of an RF signal of a second frequency (e.g., 39 GHz) in the plurality of first and second coiled feed patterns 131f-1, 131f-2, 133f-1, and 133f-2 may be provided.
A plurality of first surrounding patterns 161f of a plurality of ground vias disposed in the seventh layer Lv7 and a plurality of second surrounding patterns 163f of a plurality of ground vias disposed in the sixth layer Lv6 may be included in the plurality of ground vias 160a and 160b illustrated in
2-4-th electricity feed portions 157f of the second feed via disposed in the sixth layer Lv6 and/or the seventh layer Lv7 may extend in a direction (e.g., the horizontal direction), parallel to the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f.
Therefore, since the 2-4-th electricity feed portions 157f of the second feed via may provide additional inductance with respect to at least one of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f, a bandwidth of at least one of the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f may be more efficiently widened.
For example, a slant antenna apparatus 100f according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may use at least one of various design elements (e.g., at least one specific structure of coiled feed patterns, aperture portions, feed vias, and patch antenna patterns) that is advantageous for bandwidth expansion, to have a first frequency band (e.g., 24 GHz to 30 GHz) and a second frequency band (e.g., 37 GHz to 43 GHz), having a wide bandwidth of about 6 GHz, respectively.
In this case, the lowest frequency (e.g., a lower frequency of two frequencies in which an input/output S-parameter of a single port is −10 dB) and the highest frequency (e.g., a higher frequency of two frequencies in which an input/output S-parameter of a single port is −10 dB) of each of the first and second frequency bands may vary, depending on a design, and may be designed to have a range of 20 GHz to 60 GHz.
The plurality of first surrounding patterns 161f and the plurality of second surrounding patterns 163f may extend in a direction (e.g., a horizontal direction), parallel with respect to the plurality of first, second, and third patch antenna patterns 111f, 112f, and 113f, and may be disposed to surround the 2-4-th electricity feed portions 157f of the second feed via.
Therefore, the plurality of first surrounding patterns 161f and the plurality of second surrounding patterns 163f may have a structure more adaptive to an increase in horizontal area according to the 2-4-th electricity feed portions 157f of the second feed via, and may further improve a degree of electromagnetic isolation between the RF signal of the first frequency (e.g., 28 GHz) and the RF signal of the second frequency (e.g., 39 GHz).
A plurality of 1-4-th electricity feed portions 124f-1 and 124f-2 electrically connected to the plurality of first and second coiled feed patterns 131f-1, 131f-2, 133f-1, and 133f-2 of the first feed via may be arranged in the eighth layer Lv8, and 2-5-th electricity feed portions 164f-1 and 164f-2 electrically connected to the 2-4-th electricity feed portions 157f of the second feed via may be arranged in the eighth layer Lv8. The eighth layer Lv8 may also provide an arrangement space of the ground plane 201a illustrated in
A shielding structure 180f may be disposed in a space between the plurality of first patch antenna patterns 111f, a space between the plurality of second patch antenna patterns 112f, and a space between the plurality of third patch antenna patterns 113f, may be disposed in the first layer Lv1, the second layer Lv2, the third layer Lv3, the fourth layer Lv4, the fifth layer Lv5, the sixth layer Lv6, and the seventh layer Lv7, may be electrically connected to the ground plane 201a illustrated in
Referring to
Referring to
A plurality of aperture portions may include the plurality of aperture patterns 141f and 142f and the plurality of aperture vias 143f and 144f, a first feed via may include the 1-2-th electricity feed portions 122f-1 and 122f-2, a second feed via may include the 2-1-th electricity feed portions 151f-1 and 151f-2, the 2-2-th electricity feed portions 153f-1 and 153f-2, and the 2-3-th electricity feed portions 155f-1 and 155f-2, and a coiled feed pattern may include the first coiled feed patterns 131f-1 and 131f-2 and the second coiled feed patterns 133f-1 and 133f-2.
Also, a plurality of directions extending from one end of a coiled form of the second coiled feed patterns 133f-1 and 133f-2 may be acute angles (e.g., 45 degrees). Therefore, the coiled feed patterns may further improve electromagnetic coupling efficiency with respect to the first patch antenna pattern 111f.
Referring to
Referring to
The plurality of antenna units 100f-1, 100f-2, 100f-3, and 100f-4 may have a form rotated by an acute angle (e.g., 45 degrees), compared to the antenna apparatus illustrated in
Referring to
The connection member 200 may have a structure in which the plurality of ground planes described above are stacked.
The IC 310 may be the same as the above-described IC, and may be disposed below the connection member 200. The IC 310 may be electrically connected to a wiring of the connection member 200 to transmit or receive an RF signal, and may be electrically connected to a ground plane of the connection member 200 to receive a ground. For example, the IC 310 may perform at least a portion of frequency conversion, amplification, filtering, phase control, and power generation to generate a converted signal.
The adhesive member 320 may bond the IC 310 and the connection member 200 to each other.
The electrical connection structure 330 may electrically connect the IC 310 and the connection member 200. For example, the electrical connection structure 330 may have a structure such as a solder ball, a pin, a land, and a pad. The electrical connection structure 330 may have a lower melting point than the wiring and the ground plane of the connection member 200, to electrically connect the IC 310 and the connection member 200 through a predetermined process using the lower melting point.
The encapsulant 340 may encapsulate at least a portion of the IC 310, and may improve heat dissipation performance and impact protection performance of the IC 310. For example, the encapsulant 340 may be implemented with a photo imageable encapsulant (PIE), an Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF), an epoxy molding compound (EMC), or the like.
The passive component 350 may be disposed on a lower surface of the connection member 200, and may be electrically connected to the wiring and/or the ground plane of the connection member 200 through the electrical connection structure 330.
The sub-substrate 410 may be disposed below the connection member 200, and may be electrically connected to the connection member 200, to receive an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a base band signal from an external source and transmit the received IF signal or the received base band signal to the IC 310, or receive an IF signal or a base band signal from the IC 310 to transmit the received IF signal or the received base band signal to the external source. In this case, a frequency (e.g., 24 GHz, 28 GHz, 36 GHz, 39 GHz, or 60 GHz) of an RF signal may be greater than a frequency (e.g., 2 GHz, 5 GHz, 10 GHz, etc.) of an IF signal.
For example, the sub-substrate 410 may transmit or receive an IF signal or a base band signal to or from the IC 310 through a wiring that may be included in an IC ground plane of the connection member 200. Since a first ground plane of the connection member 200 is disposed between the IC ground plane and the wiring, the IF signal or the base band signal and the RF signal may be electrically isolated.
Referring to
The shielding member 360 may be disposed below a connection member 200 to confine an IC 310 together with the connection member 200. For example, the shielding member 360 may be arranged to cover the IC 310 and a passive component 350 together (e.g., a conformal shield) or to cover each of the IC 310 and the passive component 350 (e.g., a compartment shield). For example, the shielding member 360 may have a shape of a hexahedron having one surface open, and may have a hexahedral receiving space through coupling with the connection member 200. The shielding member 360 may be made of a material having high conductivity such as copper to have a short skin depth, and may be electrically connected to a ground plane of the connection member 200. Therefore, the shielding member 360 may reduce electromagnetic noise that may be received by the IC 310 and the passive component 350.
The connector 420 may have a connection structure of a cable (e.g., a coaxial cable, a flexible PCB), may be electrically connected to an IC ground plane of the connection member 200, and may have a role similar to that of the sub-substrate 410 described above. For example, the connector 420 may receive an IF signal, a base band signal and/or a power from a cable, or provide an IF signal and/or a base band signal to a cable.
The chip end-fire antenna 430 may transmit or receive an RF signal in support of an antenna apparatus, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the chip end-fire antenna 430 may include a dielectric block having a dielectric constant greater than that of an insulating layer, and a plurality of electrodes disposed on both surfaces of the dielectric block. One of the plurality of electrodes may be electrically connected to the wiring of the connection member 200, and another of the plurality of electrodes may be electrically connected to the ground plane of the connection member 200.
Referring to
The electronic device 700g may be a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a digital video camera, a digital still camera, a network system, a computer, a monitor, a tablet, a laptop, a netbook, a television, a video game, a smart watch, an automotive, or the like, but is not limited to such devices.
A communications module 610g and a base band circuit 620g may also be arranged on the set substrate 600g. The antenna apparatus 100g may be electrically connected to the communications module 610g and/or the base band circuit 620g through a coaxial cable 630g.
The communications module 610g may include at least a portion of: a memory chip, such as a volatile memory (e.g., a DRAM), a non-volatile memory (e.g., a ROM), a flash memory, or the like; an application processor chip, such as a central processor (e.g., a CPU), a graphics processor (e.g., a GPU), a digital signal processor, a cryptographic processor, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, or the like; and a logic chip, such as an analog-to-digital converter, an application-specific IC (ASIC), or the like, to perform a digital signal process.
The base band circuit 620g may perform an analog-to-digital conversion, amplification in response to an analog signal, filtering, and frequency conversion, to generate a base signal. The base signal input/output from the base band circuit 620g may be transferred to the antenna apparatus 100g through a cable.
For example, the base signal may be transmitted to the IC through an electrical connection structure, a core via, and a wiring. The IC may convert the base signal into an RF signal in a millimeter wave (mmWave) band.
Referring to
The pattern, via, and plane disclosed herein may include a metal material (e.g., a conductive material, such as copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), titanium (Ti), alloys thereof, or the like), and may be formed according by plating methods such as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, a sputtering process, a subtractive process, an additive process, a semi-additive process (SAP), a modified semi-additive process (MSAP), and or the like, but are not limited thereto.
The dielectric and insulating layers disclosed herein may be implemented with a thermosetting resin such as FR4, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), an epoxy resin, or a thermoplastic resin such as polyimide, or a resin impregnated into core materials such as glass fiber, glass cloth, and glass fabric together with inorganic filler, prepregs, Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF), FR-4, bismaleimide triazine (BT), a photoimageable dielectric (PID) resin, a copper clad laminate (CCL), a glass or ceramic based insulating material, or the like.
RF signals disclosed herein may have a format according to W-Fi (IEEE 802.11 family, etc.), WiMAX (IEEE 802.16 family, etc.), IEEE 802.20, long term evolution (LTE), Ev-DO, HSPA+, HSDPA+, HSUPA+, EDGE, GSM, GPS, GPRS, CDMA, TDMA, DECT, Bluetooth, 3G, 4G, 5G, and any other wireless and wired protocols designated later thereto, but are not limited thereto.
An antenna apparatus according to the examples disclosed herein may improve or easily downsize antenna performance (e.g., gain, bandwidth, etc.).
While specific examples have been shown and described above, it will be apparent after an understanding of this disclosure that various changes in form and details may be made in these examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims and their equivalents. The examples described herein are to be considered in a descriptive sense only, and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects in each example are to be considered as being applicable to similar features or aspects in other examples. Suitable results may be achieved if the described techniques are performed in a different order, and/or if components in a described system, architecture, device, or circuit are combined in a different manner, and/or replaced or supplemented by other components or their equivalents. Therefore, the scope of the disclosure is defined not by the detailed description, but by the claims and their equivalents, and all variations within the scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included in the disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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| 10-2020-0010763 | Jan 2020 | KR | national |
| 10-2020-0063551 | May 2020 | KR | national |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20210242604 A1 | Aug 2021 | US |
