CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-007104 filed on Jan. 16, 2007; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antenna device operable in multiple frequency bands, and in particular to one which may be built into a radio apparatus.
DESCRIPTION OF THE BACKGROUND
There is a trend that mobile phones or personal computers (PCs) with radio capability have multiple purposes and multiple functions. The above trend requires an antenna device which may be operable in multiple frequency bands or in a broad frequency range.
For the above requirement, e.g., the applicant applied for and obtained a patent on an invention of a built-in antenna of a radio apparatus which is operable in multiple frequency bands having impedance that may be smoothly matched, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication (Toroku), No. 3775795.
Another example of related art is a microstrip antenna disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication of Unexamined Applications (Kokai), No. 2006-157954, formed on a dielectric substrate and made operable in a broad frequency range.
The above built-in antenna of the “Toroku” reference includes a first antenna element being folded and a second antenna element being open-ended, both of which share a feeding point. The first antenna element and the second antenna element have a relatively lower resonant frequency and a relatively higher resonant frequency, respectively. The first antenna element has a forward path and a backward path short-circuited to each other at a shorting bridge which may be selectively located for impedance matching of the second antenna element.
As the resonant frequency of the second antenna element becomes higher, the shorting bridge has to be located closer to the feeding point for better impedance matching of the second antenna element. It may cause, however, the impedance to be highly inductive at the resonant frequency of the first antenna element.
As described above, there is a tendency that the impedance of each of the first antenna element and the second antenna element may not be separately adjusted if their resonant frequencies are spaced to some extent. As a separation of the resonant frequencies becomes greater, this tendency becomes clearer. Hence, it could be difficult to adapt the above built-in antenna for multiple functions of a radio apparatus supposing multiple frequencies which are spaced to some extent.
The above microstrip antenna of the “Kokai” reference includes a nearly T-shaped planar element and a linear element having a meander type portion, both being formed on a dielectric substrate and facing a ground pattern. It is mentioned in the “Kokai” reference that an electric performance of the microstrip antenna may be separately controlled in a 5 GHz band and in a 2.4 GHz band due to such an arrangement of the microstrip antenna.
The above microstrip antenna, using the dielectric substrate which is usually expensive, could hardly be applied to and built into mobile phones or PCs due to cost consideration. Apart from the cost, FIG. 4 of the above “Kokai” reference could suggest a built-in antenna formed by a flat element having a certain width, connected to a feeding point, and a branching (nearly T-shaped) linear element located at a side of the flat element opposite to the feeding point.
The above flat element having the certain width and connected to the feeding point, however, may have to be located closer to a ground circuit as the suggested antenna is built into an apparatus of a smaller size and a thinner shape. The suggested antenna may thus suffer from low impedance in such an arrangement.
A parasitic element could be added to the suggested antenna and inductively coupled to the feeding point for multiple resonances. It may be difficult, however, to locate the parasitic element close enough to the feeding point as both of them are separated by the flat element having the certain width.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To solve the technical problems described above, an advantage of the present invention is to provide an antenna device adapted for having multiple resonant frequencies, being built into an apparatus of a small size and a thin shape, and adjusting impedance separately at each resonant frequency in an improved manner.
To achieve the above advantage, one aspect of the present invention is to provide an antenna device of a radio apparatus usable at a first frequency and at a second frequency.
The antenna device has a fed partial element including a fed portion, a first branch portion and a second branch portion. The fed partial element is configured to be fed at the fed portion, and is formed in a manner to be extended from the fed portion to the first branch portion with a width.
The antenna device has a folded partial element branching off from the fed partial element at the first branch portion. The folded partial element includes a forward path from the first branch portion to a fold portion and a backward path from the fold portion to a grounded end.
The folded partial element and a path on the fed partial element from the fed portion to the first branch portion have a summed length of about a half wavelength of the first frequency. The grounded end is located no greater than a one-fifth wavelength of the first frequency apart from the fed portion. The forward path and the backward path are short-circuited at a bridge portion.
The antenna device has an open-ended partial element branching off from the fed partial element at the second branch portion. The open-ended partial element has an open end. The open-ended partial element and a path on the fed partial element from the fed portion to the second branch portion have a summed length of about a one-fourth wavelength of the second frequency.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a configuration and an external view of an antenna device of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a whole configuration and each section of the antenna device of the first embodiment in a simplified manner.
FIG. 3 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of a first resonant frequency of the first embodiment is distributed.
FIG. 4 shows a model used for estimating an effect of a separation between a fed portion and a grounded end of a first partial element of the antenna device of the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 shows a resonance characteristic of the model shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of a second resonant frequency of the first embodiment is distributed.
FIG. 7 shows a model used for estimating cancellation of inductive property of impedance of the antenna device of the first embodiment.
FIG. 8 shows a model of a usual antenna configuration showing inductive property of impedance.
FIG. 9 is a Smith chart showing impedance characteristic of the models shown in FIG. 7 and in FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 shows a model used for estimating a broader frequency characteristic of the antenna device of the first embodiment.
FIG. 11 shows a model of the usual antenna configuration for comparison with FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 shows a VSWR-frequency characteristic of the models shown in FIG. 10 and in FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of a third resonant frequency of the first embodiment is distributed.
FIG. 14 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of a fourth resonant frequency of the first embodiment is distributed.
FIG. 15 shows a model used for estimating an effect of a distance between the fed partial element and a ground circuit of the antenna device of the first embodiment.
FIG. 16 shows a VSWR-frequency characteristic of the model, shown in FIG. 15, of the antenna device of the first embodiment.
FIG. 17 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of a fifth resonant frequency of the first embodiment is distributed.
FIG. 18 shows a model used for estimating an example of the resonance characteristic of the antenna device of the first embodiment.
FIG. 19 shows a resonance characteristic of the model, shown in FIG. 18, of the antenna device of the first embodiment.
FIG. 20 shows a configuration and an external view of an antenna device of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 21 shows a model used for estimating a VSWR-frequency characteristic of the antenna device of the second embodiment.
FIG. 22 shows a VSWR-frequency characteristic of the model shown in FIG. 21 of the second embodiment in comparison with that of the model shown in FIG. 10 of the first embodiment.
FIG. 23 shows a whole configuration and each section of an antenna device of a third embodiment of the present invention in a simplified manner.
FIG. 24 shows another configuration of the antenna device of the third embodiment by changing a location of a parasitic element.
FIG. 25 shows a model used for estimating a VSWR-frequency characteristic of the antenna device of third embodiment shown in FIG. 23.
FIG. 26 shows a model used for estimating a VSWR-frequency characteristic of the antenna device of third embodiment shown in FIG. 24.
FIG. 27 shows a VSWR-frequency characteristic of the models shown in FIG. 25 and in FIG. 26 of the third embodiment in comparison with that of the model shown in FIG. 10 of the first embodiment.
FIG. 28 shows a first modification of the antenna device of the first embodiment included in a collection which is a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 29 shows a second modification included in the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 30 shows a third modification included in the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 31 shows a fourth modification included in the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 32 shows a fifth modification included in the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 33 shows a sixth modification included in the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 34 shows a seventh modification included in the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 35 shows four examples of the fourth embodiment further including an additional partial element and an additional parasitic element.
FIG. 36 shows a configuration and an external view of an antenna device of the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 37 shows a VSWR-frequency characteristic of a model of the antenna device of the fourth embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1-19. FIG. 1 shows a configuration and an external view of an antenna device 1 of the first embodiment. The antenna device 1 is attached to an edge of a circuit board 10 which is built into a radio apparatus such as a mobile phone, a receiver or a personal computer (PC) having a radio capability. The antenna device 1 is connected to a radio circuit (not shown) provided on the circuit board 10.
The radio apparatus including the antenna device 1 may be used at a first frequency and a second frequency, at least. In FIG. 1, the circuit board 10 only shows a portion and around to which the antenna device 1 is attached.
The antenna device 1 has a fed partial element 11, a folded partial element 12 and an open-ended partial element 13. The fed partial element 11 has a fed portion 11a, a first branch portion 11b and a second branch portion 11c. The fed partial element 11 may be fed from the circuit board 10 at the fed portion 11a.
In FIG. 1, the fed portion 11a is shown without distinction from a feeding point provided on the circuit board 10. The fed partial element 11 is formed in a manner to be extended from the fed portion 11a to the first branch portion 11b with a width “d”, as shown in FIG. 1.
The folded partial element 12 branches off from the fed partial element 11 at the first branch portion 11b. The folded partial element 12 is bent a few times and folded at a fold portion 12a. The folded partial element 12 ends at a grounded end 12b connected to a ground circuit provided on the circuit board 10.
The open-ended partial element 13 branches off from the fed partial element 11 at the second branch portion 11c. The open-ended partial element 13 is bent, e.g., twice as shown in FIG. 1. The open-ended partial element 13 ends at an open end 13a.
The folded partial element 12 includes a forward path from the first branch portion 11b to the fold portion 12a, and a backward path from the fold portion 12a to the grounded end 12b. The forward path and the backward path of the folded partial element 12 are short-circuited at a bridge portion 12c located between the first branch portion 11b (or the grounded end 12b) and the fold portion 12a.
FIG. 2 shows a whole configuration and each section of the antenna device 1 in a simplified manner for convenience of explanation. There is a correspondence between each path of antenna currents formed in the antenna device 1 and each of resonant frequencies of the antenna device 1, which will be explained with reference to FIG. 3, FIG. 6 and so on.
FIG. 3 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of the first frequency is distributed shown by a solid bold line in contrast with a rest shown by a dashed line. If the antenna device 1 is activated, the path of the antenna current is formed through the fed partial element 11 (from the fed portion 11a to the first branch portion 11b) and a whole of the folded partial element 12 (from the first branch portion 11b, via the fold portion 12a, to the grounded end 12b), as shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 3.
The fed partial element 11, or the folded partial element 12, may be sized so that a path length shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 3 is about a half wavelength of the first frequency. In addition, the grounded end 12b may be located close to the fed portion 11a to a certain extent. The path may thereby be configured as a kind of folded monopole antenna to be resonant at or around the first frequency.
How close the grounded end 12b should be located to the fed portion 11a has been studied by a simulation, and will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. FIG. 4 shows a model of the antenna device 1 used for the simulation by omitting a reference numeral but indicating a size (in millimeters) of each section of the antenna device 1 shown in FIG. 2.
As shown in FIG. 4, let a distance between the fed portion 11a and the grounded end 12b be a parameter X. What has been estimated for a few values of the parameter X is if the antenna device 1 is resonant or not in a frequency range including the first frequency (0.9±0.2 GHz for the model shown in FIG. 4). FIG. 5 shows a resonance characteristic of the model plotted on a graph formed by a horizontal frequency axis (in GHz) and a vertical axis representing a reactance component of impedance of the antenna device 1 viewed from the fed portion 11a (in ohms).
The simulation has been performed for the model shown in FIG. 4 while the parameter X is given one of following four values, which are 0.006λ (where λ is a wavelength of a frequency 0.9 GHz), 0.007λ, 0.13λ and 0.19λ.
In a frequency characteristic of a reactance component like FIG. 5, it may be determined that the antenna device is resonant at a frequency where the reactance component increases from negative to positive, or at least begins decreasing after increasing, as the frequency increases.
It is then determined that the antenna device 1 is resonant in the frequency range shown in FIG. 5 in the cases where X≦0.13λ, and is not resonant in the case where X=0.19λ. In conclusion, the parameter X should be given a value no greater than about a one-fifth wavelength of the first frequency.
FIG. 6 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of the second frequency is distributed shown by a solid bold line in contrast with a rest shown by a dashed line. If the antenna device 1 is activated, the path of the antenna current is formed through the fed partial element 11 (from the fed portion 11a, not via the first branch portion 11b, to the second branch portion 11c) and a whole of the open-ended partial element 13 (from the second branch portion 11c to the open end 13a), as shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 6.
The fed partial element 11 or the open-ended partial element 13 may be sized so that a total length of the path shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 6 is about a one-fourth wavelength of the second frequency. The path may thereby be configured as a kind of open-ended monopole antenna to be resonant at or around the second frequency as shown in the previously mentioned “Toroku” reference.
In FIG. 6, there is a path going through the first branch portion 11b and the bridge portion 12c and then reaching the grounded end 12b, which may work as a kind of stub for the above open-ended monopole antenna. Hence, impedance of the above open-ended monopole antenna viewed from the fed portion 11a may be adjusted depending on selection of a location of the bridge portion 12c.
It may be assumed that the bridge portion 12c is located by default so that a path length from the fed portion 11a to the grounded end 12b, via the first branch portion 11b and the bridge portion 12c, is a half wavelength of the second frequency. The bridge portion 12c may be selectively located around the default location so that the impedance of the above open-ended monopole antenna viewed from the fed portion 11a may be suitably adjusted.
Apart from the present invention, assume a usual antenna configuration in which the fed partial element 11 does not have the width “d” shown in FIG. 1. If the first frequency and the second frequency are spaced to some extent, the impedance viewed from the fed portion 11a at the first frequency becomes more inductive as the bridge portion 12c is located closer to the fed portion 11a, or to the grounded end 12b. At the first frequency, radiation efficiency of the antenna device 1 thereby decreases. Hence, it is difficult in the usual antenna configuration to adjust the impedance separately at each of the first frequency and the second frequency, which are spaced to some extent.
As to the antenna device 1 of the present invention, as the fed partial element 11 has the width “d”, the impedance viewed from the fed portion 11a is given capacitive property at the first frequency. The capacitive property may have an effect to cancel inductive property which is given if the bridge portion 12c is located close to the fed portion 11a or to the grounded end 12b. Hence, it is not difficult to adjust the impedance separately at each of the first frequency and the second frequency, which are spaced to some extent.
This aspect of the antenna device 1 has been studied by a simulation, and will be described with reference to FIGS. 7-9. FIG. 7 shows a model of the antenna device 1 used for the simulation by omitting a reference numeral but indicating a size (in millimeters) of each of the sections of the antenna device 1 shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 8 shows a model of the usual antenna configuration in which the fed partial element 11 does not have the width “d” shown in FIG. 1, for comparison, indicating a size (in millimeters) of each section of the usual antenna configuration.
The impedance viewed from the fed portion 11a has been estimated by the simulation using the model shown in FIG. 7 and the model shown in FIG. 8 in a frequency range including the first frequency (0.7-1.0 GHz for the model shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8). FIG. 9 is a Smith chart that represents the estimated impedance characteristic. In FIG. 9, usual scales of a Smith chart are omitted for simplicity.
In FIG. 9, the impedance characteristic of the model shown in FIG. 7 and that of the model shown in FIG. 8 are shown by a solid line and by a dashed line, respectively. The impedance characteristic of the model shown in FIG. 8, where the fed partial element 11 has no width “d”, shows inductive property and is biased upwards on the Smith chart. The impedance characteristic of the model shown in FIG. 7, on the other hand, is shown nearly in the middle of the Smith chart as the inductive property is canceled by an effect of the fed partial element 11 having a ten-millimeter width as shown in FIG. 7.
The fed partial element 11 of the antenna device 1 having the width “d”, as shown in FIG. 1, may have an effect to make the frequency characteristic around the second frequency broader than that of the usual antenna configuration having no width “d”. This aspect of the antenna device 1 has been studied by a simulation, and will be described with reference to FIGS. 10-12. FIG. 10 shows a model of the antenna device 1 used for the simulation, similarly to FIG. 7. FIG. 11 shows a model of the usual antenna configuration for comparison, similarly to FIG. 8.
By the simulation using the model shown in FIG. 10 and the model shown in FIG. 11, a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the fed portion 11a has been estimated in a frequency range including the second frequency (1.2-2.2 GHz for the model shown in FIG. 10 or FIG. 11). FIG. 12 shows a VSWR-frequency characteristic of each of the models. In FIG. 12, the VSWR characteristic of the model shown in FIG. 10 and that of the model shown in FIG. 11 are shown by a solid line and by a dashed line, respectively.
FIG. 12 shows that the fed partial element 11 of the model shown in FIG. 10, having a ten-millimeter width, has an effect to make the frequency characteristic around the second frequency broader than that of the model shown in FIG. 11.
The antenna device 1 has resonant frequencies other than the first frequency and the second frequency, which are a third frequency and a fourth frequency and will be described with reference to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14. FIG. 13 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of the third frequency is distributed shown by a solid bold line in contrast with a rest shown by a dashed line.
If the antenna device 1 is activated, the path of the antenna current is formed through the fed partial element 11 (from the fed portion 11a, not via the first branch portion 11b, to the second branch portion 11c) as shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 13. The path goes along a fringe portion of the fed partial element 11 as shown in FIG. 13, as the antenna current tends to be distributed mainly along the fringe portion.
The antenna device 1 is resonant at a frequency where a one-fourth wavelength is a length of the path shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 13. The fed partial element 11 may be sized so that the length of the path shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 13 is about a one-fourth wavelength of the third frequency. The radio apparatus including the antenna device 1 may thereby be used at the third frequency.
FIG. 14 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of the fourth frequency is distributed shown by a solid bold line in contrast with a rest shown by a dashed line. If the antenna device 1 is activated, the path of the antenna current is formed from the fed portion 11a in direction of the width of the fed partial element 11, as shown in FIG. 14.
The antenna device 1 is resonant at a frequency where a one-fourth wavelength is a length of the path shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 14. The fed partial element 11 may be sized so that the length of the path shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 14 is about a one-fourth wavelength of the fourth frequency. The radio apparatus including the antenna device 1 may thereby be used at the fourth frequency.
The antenna device 1 shows a characteristic affected by a distance between the fed partial element 11 and the ground circuit of the circuit board 10 in and around a frequency range between the third frequency and the fourth frequency. This aspect of the antenna device 1 has been studied by a simulation, and will be described with reference to FIG. 15 and FIG. 16. FIG. 15 shows a model of the antenna device 1 used for the simulation by omitting a reference numeral but indicating a size (in millimeters) of each of the sections of the antenna device 1 shown in FIG. 2.
As shown in FIG. 15, let a distance between the fed partial element 11 and the ground circuit of the circuit board 10 be a parameter Y. A VSWR at the fed portion 11a has been estimated for a few values of the parameter Y in a frequency range including the third frequency (4.5-6.5 GHz for the model shown in FIG. 15). FIG. 16 shows a frequency characteristic of the VSWR represented by four curves each of which corresponds to Y=4 mm, Y=3 mm, Y=2 mm, and Y=1 mm in descending order.
So as to let the VSWR≦3, e.g., in FIG. 16, it is necessary to let Y≦3 mm at a lower end 4.5 GHz, to let almost Y≦2.5 mm at a mid frequency 5.5 GHz, and to let Y≦4 mm at an upper end 6.5 GHz. A value of a right hand side of each of above inequalities is no greater than a one-twentieth wavelength of the corresponding frequency. Hence, it is suitable to let the parameter Y be no greater than a one-twentieth wavelength of the third frequency by default.
The antenna device 1 has a resonant frequency other than the first to fourth frequencies, which is a fifth frequency and will be described with reference to FIG. 17. FIG. 17 shows and stresses a path on which an antenna current of the fifth frequency is distributed shown by a solid bold line in contrast with a rest shown by a dashed line.
If the antenna device 1 is activated, the path of the antenna current is formed from the fed portion 11a, via the first branch portion 11b and the fold portion 12c, to the grounded end 12b as shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 17.
The antenna device 1 is resonant at a frequency where a half wavelength, or an integer times of the half wavelength, is a length of the path shown by the solid bold line in FIG. 17. If the bridge portion 12c is located so that the above path length is a half wavelength of the second frequency, as described earlier, the fifth frequency is determined together. On the other hand, the bridge portion 12c may be located so as to determine the fifth frequency apart from adjustment of the impedance at the second frequency. The second frequency does not change its value much depending on the location of the bridge portion 12c, i.e., being robust to a change of that location.
An example of the resonance characteristic of the antenna device 1 from the first to fifth frequencies will be described with reference to FIG. 18 and FIG. 19. FIG. 18 shows a model of the antenna device 1 used for estimating the resonance characteristic by omitting a reference numeral but indicating a size (in millimeters) of each of the sections of the antenna device 1 shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 19 shows a resonance characteristic of the model plotted on a graph formed by a horizontal frequency axis (in GHz) and a vertical axis representing a reactance component of impedance of the antenna device 1 viewed from the fed portion 11a (in ohms).
It may be determined that the antenna device is resonant at a frequency where the reactance component increases from negative to positive, or at least begins decreasing after increasing, as the frequency increases. Those frequencies are indicated in FIG. 19 by reference numerals “F1” to “F5” corresponding to the first to fifth frequencies, respectively.
In FIG. 19, another resonance is observed at a frequency slightly less than 5 GHz, but is not counted in as that frequency is a third harmonic of the second frequency which may not be independently selected. The fifth frequency “F5” may change its value and may be located higher or lower than each of the other resonant frequencies depending on the location of the bridge portion 12c.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention described above, an antenna device capable of being built into a radio apparatus of a small size and a thin shape may be configured to have multiple resonant frequencies in a broad frequency range, e.g., as shown in FIG. 19. In addition, impedance of the antenna device may be adjusted separately at each of the resonant frequencies in an improved manner.
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 20-22. FIG. 20 shows a configuration and an external view of an antenna device 2 of the second embodiment. The antenna device 2 is attached to an edge of a circuit board 10 which is included in a radio apparatus and is connected to a radio circuit (not shown) provided on the circuit board 10, similarly to the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment. The radio apparatus including the antenna device 2 may be used at the first frequency and the second frequency, at least, similarly to the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment.
The antenna device 2 has a fed partial element 21. The antenna device 2 has a folded partial element and an open-ended partial element, being a same as the folded partial element 12 and the open-ended partial element 13 of the first embodiment, respectively. The fed partial element 21 is fed from the circuit board 10 at a fed portion 21a. In FIG. 20, the fed portion 21a is shown without distinction from a feeding point provided on the circuit board 10.
The fed partial element 21 is formed as only a fringe portion of a piece going from the fed portion 11a to the first branch portion 21b with a width “d”, which corresponds to the fed partial element 11 of the first embodiment. In FIG. 20, e.g., the fed partial element 21 is formed like a rectangular loop. The fed partial element 21 formed as described above needs less material and weighs less than the fed partial element 11 of the first embodiment.
The folded partial element 12, the same as that of the first embodiment, branches off from the fed partial element 21 at the first branch portion 21b. The open-ended partial element 13, the same as that of the first embodiment, branches off from the fed partial element 21 at the second branch portion 21c.
The antenna device 2 shows a resonance characteristic which will be described with reference to FIG. 21 and FIG. 22, in comparison with the resonance characteristic of the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment. FIG. 21 shows a model of the antenna device 2 to be compared with the model of the antenna device 1 shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 21 shows the model of the antenna device 2 by omitting a reference numeral but indicating a size (in millimeters) of each of the sections of the antenna device 2, similarly to FIG. 10.
By a simulation using the model shown in FIG. 10 and the model shown in FIG. 21, a VSWR at the fed portion 11a or 21a has been estimated in a frequency range 1-9 GHz. FIG. 22 shows on an upper half thereof a VSWR-frequency characteristic in a lower portion of the frequency range. FIG. 22 shows on a lower half thereof the VSWR-frequency characteristic in an upper portion of the frequency range.
As shown in FIG. 22, the characteristic of the model shown in FIG. 21 of the second embodiment is not much different from the characteristic of the model shown in FIG. 10 of the first embodiment. That is, the antenna device 2 has an effect almost a same as the effect of the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment, by using the fed partial element 21 which needs less material.
According to the second embodiment of the present invention described above, the antenna device may weigh less by using less material, while maintaining performance not much different than the performance of the first embodiment.
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 23-27. The antenna device 1 of the first embodiment may be modified to be an antenna device 3 of the third embodiment by including a parasitic element. FIG. 23 shows a whole configuration and each section of the antenna device 3 in a simplified manner, similarly to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. The antenna device 3 has a same configuration as that of the antenna device 1 shown in FIG. 2, and further includes a parasitic element 31.
The parasitic element 31 has an end connected to the ground circuit of the circuit board 10. The parasitic element 31 should usually be located around and inductively coupled to the fed portion 11a for practical use. It may be difficult, however, to let the parasitic element 31 be inductively coupled to the fed portion 11a for a reason of implementation, particularly in a case where the antenna device 3 is built into a radio apparatus of a small size and a thin shape.
As described earlier in the “background” section, the “Kokai” reference has suggested the antenna formed by an element having a certain width and connected to a feeding point in combination with a branching linear element. For that suggested antenna, it may be difficult to locate the parasitic element close enough to the feeding point as both of them are separated by the element having the certain width. As to the antenna device 3, on the other hand, the parasitic element 31 may be located close to the fed partial element 11, as shown in FIG. 23, even though it may hardly be located close to the fed portion 11a.
On the fed partial element 11, an antenna current is mainly distributed along the fringe portion as shown in FIG. 6. The parasitic element 31 may thereby be inductively coupled to the fed partial element 11.
FIG. 24 shows a whole configuration and each section of the antenna device 3 in a case where the parasitic element 31 may be located close to the fed portion 11a. FIG. 24 is a same as FIG. 23 except the location of the parasitic element 31. If such an arrangement is available, the parasitic element 31 may be located close to the fed portion 11a as usual. That is, the antenna device 3 of the third embodiment may select a location of the parasitic element 31 more flexibly than an antenna of another configuration.
The antenna device 3 shows a resonance characteristic which will be described with reference to FIGS. 25-27, in comparison with the resonance characteristic of the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment. FIG. 25 and FIG. 26 show models of the antenna device 3 shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, respectively. FIG. 25 and FIG. 26 show the models, similarly to FIG. 10, by omitting a reference numeral but indicating a size (in millimeters) of each of the sections of the antenna device 3.
By a simulation using the models shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 25 and FIG. 26, a VSWR at the fed portion 11a has been estimated in a frequency range 1.4-2.4 GHz. FIG. 27 show a solid curve, a dashed curve and a dotted curve representing VSWR-frequency characteristics of the models shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 25 and FIG. 26, respectively.
FIG. 27 shows that each of the models shown in FIG. 25 and FIG. 26 has an additional resonant frequency (about 2.2 GHz and about 2.1 GHz for the models shown in FIG. 25 and FIG. 26, respectively) while maintaining the resonance characteristic at the second frequency.
According to the third embodiment of the present invention described above, the antenna device may have an additional resonant frequency, and may select a location of the parasitic element more flexibly than an antenna of another configuration.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 28-37. The fourth embodiment is a collection of modified examples of the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment. Similar modifications of the antenna device 2 of the second embodiment or of the antenna device 3 of the third embodiment are omitted to be shown, as they basically make no difference. Each of following drawings gives a reference numeral to a section which is a same as that of the antenna device 1 only when necessary so as to avoid intricacy.
FIG. 28 shows a first modification of which a fed partial element 41 is formed in a manner to be extended from a fed portion 41a to a first branch portion 41b while gradually broadening a width thereof. The first modification has a same effect as that of the antenna device 1 regardless of the above modified form of the fed partial element 41.
FIG. 29 shows a second modification in which the folded partial element 12 of the antenna device 1 has been replaced by an open-ended partial element 42. The second modification has a same effect as that of the antenna device 1 by sizing partial elements thereof so that a sum of a path length from the fed portion 11a to the first branch portion 11b (within the fed partial element 11) and a path length from the first branch portion 11b to an open end 42a (a whole length of the open-ended partial element 42) is a one-fourth wavelength of the first frequency.
FIG. 30 shows a third modification in which the open-ended partial element 13 of the antenna device 1 has been replaced by a meander partial element 43. The third modification may be sized smaller while maintaining a same effect as that of the antenna device 1 by selecting a shape of the meander partial element 43.
FIG. 31 shows a fourth modification including a fed partial element 44 which is extended beyond a first branch portion 44b or a second branch portion 44c, or both of them. The fourth modification has a same effect as that of the antenna device 1 regardless of the above modified form of the fed partial element 44.
FIG. 32 shows a fifth modification in which the open-ended partial element 13 of the antenna device 1 has been replaced by a folded partial element 45. The folded partial element 45 ends at a grounded end 45b which is connected to the ground circuit of the circuit board 10.
The fifth modification has a same effect as that of the antenna device 1 by sizing the partial elements thereof so that a sum of a path length from the fed portion 11a to the first branch portion 11b (within the fed partial element 11) and a path length from the first branch portion 11b to an open end 42a (a whole length of the folded partial element 45) is a half wavelength of the second frequency, and by locating the grounded end 45b close to the fed portion 11a to some extent. The fifth modification has an additional effect of higher impedance at the second frequency.
FIG. 33 shows a sixth modification in which a forward path and a backward path of the folded partial element 45 of the fifth modification are short-circuited at a bridge portion 45c. FIG. 34 shows a seventh modification in which the folded partial element 45 of the sixth modification is replaced by an open-ended partial element 47. The sixth and seventh modifications both have a same effect as that of the antenna device 1 and an additional effect that impedance may be adjusted more elaborately.
FIG. 35 shows four examples in each of which the antenna device 1 or its modification may have additional resonant frequencies by further including an open-ended partial element 48 and a parasitic element 49.
FIG. 36 shows a configuration and an external view of an antenna device 5 based on modifications of the antenna device 1 as described above. In the antenna device 5, the fed partial element 11 of the antenna device 1 has been replaced by a fed partial element 51, and an open-ended partial element 52 has been further included. As each of other sections of the antenna device 5 is a same as that of the antenna device 1, its explanation and its indication of a reference numeral in FIG. 36 are omitted.
The fed partial element 51 is based on a modification of the fed partial element 11 of the antenna device 1, i.e., being extended as shown in FIG. 31. The open-ended partial element 52 branches off from an extended portion of the fed partial element 51.
The antenna device 5, configured as shown in FIG. 5 and given a condition of a size of each section, has been evaluated by a simulation in terms of a VSWR at the fed portion 51a in a frequency range 0.7-9 GHz. FIG. 37 shows on an upper half thereof a frequency characteristic of the VSWR in a lower portion of the frequency range. FIG. 37 shows on a lower half thereof a frequency characteristic of the VSWR in an upper portion of the frequency range.
As shown in FIG. 37, the antenna device 5 shows a good VSWR characteristic in a broad frequency range which accommodates mobile phones and wireless local area network (WLAN)s.
According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention described above, the antenna device may have additional resonant frequencies or may improve its impedance characteristic by various modifications of the present invention.
The particular hardware or software implementation of the present invention may be varied while still remaining within the scope of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
Patent Grant
7477199
