Patent Grant
12155123
The present disclosure relates to an antenna device including a radiating element, a grounding electrode, and a dielectric substrate carrying the radiating element and the grounding electrode.
In International Publication No. 2016/067969 (Patent Document 1) is disclosed an antenna including a plurality of plate-shaped radiating elements, a grounding electrode, and a dielectric substrate carrying the plurality of radiating elements and the grounding electrode. In this antenna, the plurality of radiating elements are arranged at predetermined intervals on the dielectric substrate.
Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2016/067969
In general, a radio wave radiated from an antenna contains a fundamental wave having a fundamental frequency, which is to be the target output frequency; and a harmonic wave having a frequency that is close to an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. There are needs, as recognized by the present inventor, for an antenna configured to radiate a radio wave while maintaining the characteristics of the fundamental wave but reducing the influence of the harmonic wave upon peripheries as much as possible. However, International Publication No. 2016/067969 involves no configuration that meets such needs.
The present disclosure is to solve the above problem, as well as other problems, and according one, non-limiting object of the present disclosure is to adjust the characteristics of the harmonic wave to be radiated from an antenna while the characteristics of the fundamental wave are maintained.
An antenna device according to the present disclosure includes a plate-shaped first radiating element that, in response to being exited with a transmission signal, radiates a radio wave polarized in a first direction, and a dielectric substrate that carries the first radiating element. Defining planes extending on end faces of the first radiating element on respective sides in the first direction and being orthogonal to the first direction be first boundary planes; and planes extending on end faces of the first radiating element on respective sides in a second direction, which is orthogonal to the first direction, and being orthogonal to the second direction be second boundary planes, the dielectric substrate has adjustment regions around the first radiating element on an outer side with respect to the first boundary planes and on an outer side with respect to the second boundary planes. The adjustment regions include a designated region where an effective dielectric constant is different from an effective dielectric constant in a non-adjustment region that is a region other than the adjustment regions.
Another antenna device according to the present disclosure includes a plate-shaped first radiating element that, in response to being exited with a transmission signal, radiates a radio wave polarized in a first direction, and a dielectric substrate that carries the first radiating element. Defining planes extending on end faces of the first radiating element on respective sides in the first direction and being orthogonal to the first direction be first boundary planes; and planes extending on end faces of the first radiating element on respective sides in a second direction, which is orthogonal to the first direction, and being orthogonal to the second direction be second boundary planes, the dielectric substrate has adjustment regions around the first radiating element on an outer side with respect to the first boundary planes and on an outer side with respect to the second boundary planes. The adjustment regions include a designated region that is thinner than dielectric material in a non-adjustment region that is a region other than the adjustment regions.
Yet another antenna device according to the present disclosure includes a plate-shaped radiating element, and a dielectric substrate that carries the radiating element. The radiating element has a feeding point at a position that is offset from a center of a plane of the radiating element. Letting a direction of a virtual line connecting the center of the plane of the radiating element and the feeding point be a first direction; planes extending on end faces of the radiating element on respective sides in the first direction and being orthogonal to the first direction be first boundary planes; and planes extending on end faces of the radiating element on respective sides in a second direction, which is orthogonal to the first direction, and being orthogonal to the second direction be second boundary planes, the dielectric substrate has adjustment regions around the radiating element on an outer side with respect to the first boundary planes and on an outer side with respect to the second boundary planes. The adjustment regions include a designated region where an effective dielectric constant is different from an effective dielectric constant in a non-adjustment region that is a region other than the adjustment regions.
According to the present disclosure, the characteristics of the harmonic wave to be radiated from the antenna device are adjusted while the characteristics of the fundamental wave are maintained. As used herein, the term “harmonic wave” is generally understood to mean a waveform that has a dominant local component at or close to an integer multiple of the fundamental, and need not be a single frequency but may have some limited spectral width around the harmonic component.
An embodiment of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference signs, respectively, in the drawings, and redundant description of such elements is omitted.
(Basic Configuration of Communication Apparatus)
Referring to
The antenna device 120 includes a plurality of radiating elements 121. For simplicity,
The RFIC 110 includes switches 111A to 111D, 113A to 113D, and 117; power amplifiers 112AT to 112DT; low-noise amplifiers 112AR to 112DR; attenuators 114A to 114D; phase shifters 115A to 115D; a multiplexer/demultiplexer 116; a mixer 118; and an amplifier circuit 119.
To output radio-frequency signals, the switches 111A to 111D and 113A to 113D are connected to the power amplifiers 112AT to 112DT, and the switch 117 is connected to a transmitter amplifier of the amplifier circuit 119. To receive radio-frequency signals, the switches 111A to 111D and 113A to 113D are connected to the low-noise amplifiers 112AR to 112DR, and the switch 117 is connected to a receiver amplifier of the amplifier circuit 119.
A signal transmitted from the BBIC 200 is amplified by the amplifier circuit 119 and is upconverted by the mixer 118. The radio-frequency signal obtained through the up-conversion, that is, a transmission signal, is demultiplexed by the multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 into four signals, which travel through four respective signal paths and are fed to the respective radiating elements 121. In this process, the degree of phase shift is individually adjusted by the phase shifters 115A to 115D, which are provided on the respective signal paths. Thus, the directivity of the antenna device 120 is adjusted.
Radio-frequency signals received by the respective radiating elements 121, that is, receive signals, travel through four respective signal paths and are multiplexed by the multiplexer/demultiplexer 116. The multiplexed receive signal is down-converted by the mixer 118, is amplified by the amplifier circuit 119, and is transmitted to the BBIC 200.
The RFIC 110 is provided in the form of, for example, a single chip serving as an integrated-circuit component including the above circuit configuration. Alternatively, the elements (switches, power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, attenuators, and phase shifters) of the RFIC 110 that are provided in correspondence with the radiating elements 121 may be grouped in correspondence with the radiating elements 121 into chips each serving as an integrated-circuit component.
(Configuration of Antenna Device)
Referring to
The antenna device 120 includes a radiating element 121, a grounding electrode GND, and a dielectric substrate 130, which carries the radiating element 121 and the grounding electrode GND.
The dielectric substrate 130 has a first major surface 130a, on which the radiating element 121 is provided; and a second major surface 130b, on which the grounding electrode GND is provided. The radiating element 121 and the grounding electrode GND do not necessarily need to be provided on surfaces of the dielectric substrate 130 and may be provided inside the dielectric substrate 130, in respective layers and at a predetermined interval from each other. As another alternative, the grounding electrode GND may be carried by another substrate that is separate from the dielectric substrate 130, with the substrate carrying the grounding electrode GND being connected to the dielectric substrate 130 by soldering or bonding.
Hereinafter, the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate 130 (the normal direction with respect to the first major surface 130a) is also referred to as “Z-axis direction”, and directions that are perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and are perpendicular to each other are also referred to as “X-axis direction” and “Y-axis direction”, respectively.
The dielectric substrate 130 is, for example, a multilayer substrate of low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), a multilayer resin substrate obtained by laminating a plurality of layers of resin such as epoxy and/or polyimide, a multilayer resin substrate obtained by laminating a plurality of layers of liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) having a lower dielectric constant, a multilayer resin substrate obtained by laminating a plurality of layers of fluorine-based resin, or a multilayer substrate made from ceramic other than LTCC. The dielectric substrate 130 does not necessarily need to have a multilayer structure and may be a single-layer substrate.
The radiating element 121, seen in the Z-axis direction, has a rectangular shape defined by two sides parallel to the X-axis direction and two sides orthogonal to the X-axis direction. The radiating element 121 has a feeding point SP, where the radiating element 121 is connected to the RFIC 110. The feeding point SP is offset from the center of the plane of the radiating element 121 toward the negative side in the X-axis direction. Accordingly, the X-axis direction is also regarded as the direction of a virtual line (the one-dot chain line illustrated in
The grounding electrode GND is provided on the second major surface 130b of the dielectric substrate 130 and extends flat. The grounding electrode GND, seen in the Z-axis direction, has a size (area) greater than the size (area) of the radiating element 121.
In general, as described above, there are needs for an antenna configured to radiate a radio wave while maintaining the characteristics of the fundamental wave but reducing the influence of the harmonic wave upon peripheries as much as possible. The antenna device 120 according to the present embodiment includes features that meet such needs, as to be described below.
Hereinafter, planes extending on end faces of the radiating element 121 on the respective sides in the X-axis direction (polarization direction) and being orthogonal to the X-axis direction are defined as “first boundary planes L1”. Furthermore, planes extending on end faces of the radiating element 121 on the respective sides in the Y-axis direction (a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction) and being orthogonal to the first boundary planes L1 and to the Y-axis direction are defined as “second boundary planes L2”. As illustrated in
Hereinafter, regions of the dielectric substrate 130 around the radiating element 121 that are located on the outer side with respect to the first boundary planes L1 and on the outer side with respect to the second boundary planes L2 are defined as “adjustment regions A”, and a region other than the adjustment regions A is defined as “non-adjustment region B”. As illustrated in
When a radio wave is radiated from the radiating element 121 in which the X-axis direction corresponds to the polarization direction, a magnetic field is generated in a region on the inner side with respect to the first boundary planes L1 (a region between the first boundary plane L1a and the first boundary plane L1b), and an electric field is generated in a region on the inner side with respect to the second boundary planes L2 (a region between the second boundary plane L2a and the second boundary plane L2b), basically. Therefore, the above adjustment regions A1 to A4 are considered to be less influenced by the electric field and the magnetic field that are generated when a radio wave is radiated from the radiating element 121.
In the dielectric substrate 130 according to the present embodiment, dielectric material in the adjustment regions A1 and A2 among the four adjustment regions A1 to A4 is trimmed to be thinner than dielectric in the non-adjustment region B. Specifically, in the adjustment regions A1 and A2, portions (the hatched parts) of the dielectric are trimmed off. Hereinafter, among the four adjustment regions A1 to A4, the adjustment regions A1 and A2 where portions of the dielectric are trimmed off are also referred to as “designated regions A1 and A2” so as to be distinguished from the other adjustment regions A3 and A4. Furthermore, portions of the dielectric substrate 130 in the designated regions A1 and A2 are each also referred to as “designated portion 131”, and a portion of the dielectric substrate 130 other than the designated regions 131 is also referred to as “base potion 135”.
In the dielectric substrate 130 according to the present embodiment, the dielectric in the designated regions A1 and A2 is trimmed such that the designated portions 131 in the respective designated regions A1 and A2 are thinner than the base portion 135 including the non-adjustment region B. Therefore, the effective dielectric constant in each of the designated regions A1 and A2 is different from the effective dielectric constant in the non-adjustment region B. More specifically, the effective dielectric constant in each of the designated regions A1 and A2 is smaller than the effective dielectric constant in the non-adjustment region B.
Herein, the effective dielectric constant refers to the total dielectric constant in an area spreading from the level where the grounding electrode GND is located up to the level where the radiating element 121 is located. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the effective dielectric constant in each of the designated regions A1 and A2 refers to the dielectric constant in an area as a combination of the designated portion 131 and a space (each of the hatched parts in
As illustrated in
As described above, in the antenna device 120 according to the present embodiment, the effective dielectric constants in the designated regions A1 and A2 included in the adjustment regions A1 to A4 are made smaller than the effective dielectric constant in the non-adjustment region B. Thus, the characteristics of the harmonic wave to be radiated from the antenna device are adjusted such that the influence of the harmonic wave upon peripheries is reduced while the characteristics of the fundamental wave are maintained, compared with the case of an antenna device corresponding to known arts that does not include the designated regions A1 and A2.
The characteristics of the harmonic wave and the characteristics of the fundamental wave exhibited by the antenna device 120 according to the present embodiment will now be described in that order. The following description relates to a case where the frequency of the fundamental wave (fundamental frequency) that is regarded as the target output frequency is “28 GHz”.
(Characteristics of Harmonic Wave)
The characteristics of the harmonic wave exhibited by the antenna device 120 will first be described.
In
It is understood from
It is also understood from
(Characteristics of Fundamental Wave)
The characteristics of the fundamental wave exhibited by the antenna device 120 will now be described. As with the above description, the following description relates to the case where the frequency of the fundamental wave is “28 GHz”.
The characteristics of the fundamental wave were evaluated in comparison with those of the antenna device according to the comparative example corresponding to known arts and with those of antenna devices according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
In
As illustrated in
In contrast, in Comparative Example 1 (the one-dot chain line), the frequency f0 where the return loss of the fundamental wave has a local maximum is higher than 28 GHz. Moreover, in Comparative Example 2 (the two-dot chain line), the frequency f0 where the return loss of the fundamental wave has a local maximum is significantly higher than 28 GHz, being over 29 GHz. Such a result shows that the characteristic of the fundamental wave is not maintained in either Comparative Example 1 or 2.
In the present disclosure, there is no change in the −3-dB angle as well from the value in the comparative example corresponding to known arts. That is, the angle of radiation of the fundamental wave is maintained. In contrast, in each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, there is a change in the −3-dB angle. Specifically, the −3-dB angle is smaller than that of the comparative example corresponding to known arts. That is, the angle of radiation of the fundamental wave is narrowed, showing the deterioration in the characteristic of the fundamental wave.
In each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it is considered as follows: the effective dielectric constant in a region (the region B1 illustrated in
To summarize, the antenna device 120 according to the present embodiment includes the plate-shaped radiating element 121 that radiates a radio wave polarized in the X-axis direction, and the dielectric substrate 130 that carries the radiating element 121. In the dielectric substrate 130, the dielectric in each of the designated regions A1 and A2, included in the adjustment regions A1 to A4 around the radiating element 121 on the outer side with respect to the first boundary planes L1 and on the outer side with respect to the second boundary planes L2, is thinner than the dielectric in the non-adjustment region B. Such a configuration makes the effective dielectric constant in each of the designated regions A1 and A2 smaller than the effective dielectric constant in the non-adjustment region B. Consequently, in the antenna device 120 according to the present embodiment, the characteristics of the harmonic wave are adjusted such that the influence of the harmonic wave upon peripheries is reduced while the characteristics of the fundamental wave are maintained, compared with the case of the antenna device corresponding to known arts that does not include the designated regions A1 and A2.
The “radiating element 121”, the “grounding electrode GND”, and the “dielectric substrate 130” according to the present embodiment may correspond to the “first radiating element”, the “grounding electrode”, and the “dielectric substrate” according to the present disclosure, respectively. The “first boundary planes L1” and the “second boundary planes L2” according to the present embodiment may correspond to the “first boundary planes” and the “second boundary planes” according to the present disclosure, respectively. The “adjustment regions A1 to A4” and the “non-adjustment region B” according to the present embodiment may correspond to the “adjustment regions” and the “non-adjustment region” according to the present disclosure, respectively. The “designated regions A1 and A2” according to the present embodiment may each correspond to the “designated region” according to the present disclosure.
[Variations]
Variations of the antenna device 120 will now be described.
(Variation 1)
The above embodiment relates to a case where the two adjustment regions A1 and A2 among the four adjustment regions A1 to A4 are each defined as “designated region” where the effective dielectric constant is smaller than in the non-adjustment region B. The number and the combination of designated regions are not limited to the above. For example, only any one of the four adjustment regions A1 to A4 may be defined as the designated region, any three of the four adjustment regions A1 to A4 may be defined as the designated regions, or all of the four adjustment regions A1 to A4 may be defined as the designated regions.
The above embodiment relates to a case where the dielectric in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 is made thinner than the dielectric in the non-adjustment region B, whereby the adjustment regions A1 and A2 are each obtained as the “designated region” where the effective dielectric constant is smaller than in the non-adjustment region B. The method of obtaining the “designated region” from each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 is not limited to the above. For example, the entirety of the dielectric in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 may be cut away. As another example, the dielectric in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 may be shaped stepwise, whereby the effective dielectric constant therein may be adjusted more finely. As yet another example, the space in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 that is provided as a result of trimming may be filled with a material having a dielectric constant lower than the dielectric constant of the designated portion 131, whereby the effective dielectric constant in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 may be made different from the effective dielectric constant in the non-adjustment region B.
(Variation 2)
The radiating element 121A seen in the Z-axis direction has a rectangular shape defined by four sides each intersecting the X-axis direction. Thus, the radiating element 121 may be varied. The shape of the radiating element 121A is not limited to a rectangle and may be a polygon with five or more corners.
Thus, the radiating element 121 may be varied. The shape of the radiating element 121B is not limited to a circle and may be an oval.
(Variation 3)
Letting adjacent two of the radiating elements 121 be a first radiating element and a second radiating element, respectively, the designated region A defined between the first radiating element and the second radiating element is located at the overlap between an adjustment region of the first radiating element and an adjustment region of the second radiating element.
Each two adjacent radiating elements 121 according to Variation 3 may correspond to the “first radiating element” and the “second radiating element” according to the present disclosure, respectively.
(Variation 4)
The “projection 131a” and the “connector C” according to Variation 4 may correspond to the “projection” and the “component provided to the projection” according to the present disclosure, respectively.
(Variation 5)
The “first base portion 135E”, the “second base portion 136E”, the “curved portion 131E”, and the “designated region A” according to Variation 4 may correspond to the “dielectric substrate”, the “another dielectric substrate”, the “projection”, and the “designated region” according to the present disclosure, respectively.
(Variation 6)
The “first base portion 135F”, the “second base portion 136F”, the “curved portion 131F”, and the “designated region A” according to Variation 6 may correspond to the “dielectric substrate”, the “another dielectric substrate”, the “projection”, and the “designated region” according to the present disclosure, respectively.
(Variation 7)
The above embodiment relates to a case where the characteristics of the harmonic wave are adjusted by making the dielectric in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 thinner than the dielectric in the non-adjustment region B.
Alternatively, the characteristics of the harmonic wave may be adjusted by making the dielectric in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 thicker than the dielectric in the non-adjustment region B.
The antenna device 120G is obtained by changing the dielectric substrate 130 of the above antenna device 120 to a dielectric substrate 130G. The dielectric substrate 130G is obtained by changing the designated portions 131 of the above dielectric substrate 130 to designated portions 131G.
In the antenna device 120G according to Variation 7, the dielectric forming the designated portions 131G is thicker than the dielectric in the non-adjustment region B. More specifically, in the antenna device 120G, the designated portions 131G are formed by providing dielectric 131b (the hatched parts in
Thus, the adjustment of the characteristics of the harmonic wave may be achieved by making the dielectric in the adjustment regions A1 and A2 thicker than the dielectric in the non-adjustment region B.
Each region where the effective dielectric constant is different from the effective dielectric constant in the non-adjustment region B may have a shape other than a rectangle when seen in the Z-axis direction and may be defined only at the end of the substrate.
(Variation 8)
The above embodiment relates to a case where an area in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 that exhibits a different effective dielectric constant from the non-adjustment region B is located in an upper layer of the dielectric.
The area in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 that exhibits a different effective dielectric constant from the non-adjustment region B does not necessarily need to be located in an upper layer of the dielectric and may be located in an inner or lower layer of the dielectric.
As described above, the area in each of the adjustment regions A1 and A2 that exhibits a different effective dielectric constant from the non-adjustment region B may be located in an inner or lower layer of the dielectric.
(Variation 9)
The above embodiment relates to a case where the radiating element 121 and the grounding electrode GND are carried by a single dielectric substrate 130.
Alternatively, the radiating element 121 and the grounding electrode GND may be carried by separate dielectric substrates, respectively.
As in the above cases, the radiating element 121 and the grounding electrode GND may be carried by separate dielectric substrates, respectively.
(Variation 10)
In the antenna device 120D according to Variation 4 described above (see
The connector C does not necessarily need to be provided to the projection 131a and may be provided to any of the designated portions 131.
(Variation 11)
The curved portions 131N extend from respective regions of the first base portion 135N that are other than the designated regions A in such a manner as to project with respect to the dielectric in the designated regions A toward the negative side in the Y-axis direction (an in-plane direction of the dielectric) and are connected in a curved state to respective regions of the second base portion 136N that are other than the designated regions A. Thus, the curved portions 131N projecting from the first base portion 135N may be provided in the regions of the first base portion 135N that are other than the designated regions A. The antenna device 120N configured as above also produces the advantageous effects produced by the above embodiment.
(Variation 12)
The features of the above embodiment and Variations 1 to 12 may be combined in any way as long as no contradiction occurs.
It should be understood that the embodiment disclosed herein is only exemplary and are not restrictive in all respects. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims, not by the above description of the embodiment, and is intended to include all changes made within the context and scope equivalent to the claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-013710 | Jan 2020 | JP | national |
The present application is a continuation of PCT/JP2020/046241, filed Dec. 11, 2020, which claims priority to Japanese patent application JP 2020-013710, filed Jan. 30, 2020, the entire contents of each of which being incorporated herein by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | PCT/JP2020/046241 | Dec 2020 | WO |
| Child | 17875421 | US |
