Patent Application
20250158289
The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless broadband communication, and more particularly to antenna systems and antennas that cover multiple frequency bands used in the telecommunication wireless spectrum.
Over the last few decades, 3GPP as a collaborative organization has developed protocols for mobile telecommunications. The latest operational standard is known as 5G. Wireless communication relies on a variety of radio components including radio antennas that are used for transmitting and receiving information via electromagnetic waves. To communicate to specific devices without interference from other devices, radio transceivers and receivers communicate within a dedicated frequency bandwidth and have associated antennas that are configured to electromagnetically resonate at frequencies within the dedicated bandwidth. As more wireless devices are used on a frequency bandwidth, a communication bottleneck occurs as wireless devices compete for frequency channels within a dedicated bandwidth. 3GPP frequency bands range from 450 MHz to 8 GHz and beyond, however, antennas configured to resonate within this spectrum only resonate below 8 GHz for mobile 3GPP telecommunication standards. To capture a greater portion of the 3GPP or other telecommunication spectrum, either an antenna array of various antenna configurations is used, or a single geometrically complex antenna can be used. An antenna array, in most instances, takes up too much space and is therefore impractical for small devices, but employing a single antenna will have a useable bandwidth that is limited by its geometrical configuration. In one example, a known antenna configuration permits a 700 MHz-2.7 GHz frequency band; however, a single antenna configuration that permits a wider frequency band is desired. Additionally, it can be difficult and expensive to manufacture, assemble, and procure materials for components of antenna array systems. This may result in a system with poor functionality and/or coverage.
This disclosure relates to antennas that cover multiple frequency bands that are prolific in today's telecommunication wireless spectrum. The advances of telecommunications wireless devices have expanded the number of frequency bands that a radio can support for prolific coverage. For example, there are over 30 5G Bands that a radio may be asked to support if the radio is to provide ubiquitous coverage for a mobile device. While some of the LTE Bands overlap one another, there are numerous gaps between the bands as well. A multi-band approach to the antenna's frequency response provides a unique and novel radiating structure to support the numerous 5G bands.
According to some advantageous implementations, an antenna assembly is disclosed. The antenna assembly can include a base portion; a cover, the cover configured to be removably coupled to the base portion; a modem positioned on or above the base portion; a ground plane; and a multi-band antenna.
According to some implementations, an antenna system is disclosed. The antenna system can include a conductive sheet having a body portion with a front face, a head portion, a first left arm, and a first right arm; wherein the head portion angularly extends from the body portion; wherein the first left arm angularly extends from the body portion and the first right arm angularly extends from the body portion; wherein the front face is configured as a first resonating component, the head portion is configured as a second resonating component, the first left arm is configured as a third resonating component, and the first right arm is configured a fourth resonating component; and wherein at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 450 MHz and 900 MHz during use and at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 1 GHz and 8.0 GHz during use.
According to some implementations, an antenna assembly is disclosed. The antenna assembly can include a base portion, a cover, a modem, and a multi-band antenna. The cover can be configured to be removably coupled to the base portion to define an internal volume. The cover can include a support portion extending from a top side of the cover towards the base portion. The modem can be configured to be supported by the support portion. The multi-band antenna can be housed within the internal volume.
Some advantageous features have thus been outlined in order that the more detailed description that follows may be better understood and to ensure that the present contribution to the art is appreciated. Additional features will be described hereinafter and will form the subject matter of the claims that follow.
Many objects of the present application will appear from the following description and appended claims, reference being made to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.
Before explaining at least one implementation of the present disclosure in detail, it is to be understood that the implementations are not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The implementations are capable of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the various purposes of the present design. Accordingly, the claims should be regarded as including such equivalent constructions in so far as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present application.
The novel features believed characteristic of the application are set forth in the appended claims. However, the application itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, and further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
While the implementations and method of the present application is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific implementations thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific implementations is not intended to limit the application to the particular implementation disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the process of the present application as defined by the appended claims.
Illustrative implementations of the present disclosure are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
In the specification, reference may be made to the spatial relationships between various components and to the spatial orientation of various aspects of components as the devices are depicted in the attached drawings. However, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art after a complete reading of the present application, the devices, members, apparatuses, etc. described herein may be positioned in any desired orientation. Thus, the use of terms to describe a spatial relationship between various components or to describe the spatial orientation of aspects of such components should be understood to describe a relative relationship between the components or a spatial orientation of aspects of such components, respectively, as the implementations described herein may be oriented in any desired direction.
The system and method will be understood, both as to its structure and operation, from the accompanying drawings, taken in conjunction with the accompanying description. Several implementations of the system may be presented herein. It should be understood that various components, parts, and features of the different implementations may be combined together and/or interchanged with one another, all of which are within the scope of the present application, even though not all variations and particular implementations are shown in the drawings. It should also be understood that the mixing and matching of features, elements, and/or functions between various implementations is expressly contemplated herein so that one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate from this disclosure that the features, elements, and/or functions of one implementation may be incorporated into another implementation as appropriate, unless otherwise described. As used herein, “system” and “assembly” are used interchangeably. It should be noted that the articles “a”, “an”, and “the”, as used in this specification, include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Dimensions provided herein provide for an exemplary implementation, however, alternate implementations having scaled and proportional dimensions of the presented exemplary implementation are also considered. Additional features and functions are illustrated and discussed below.
Antenna Assembly with First Multi-Band Radiator Portions
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters identify corresponding or similar elements in form and function throughout the several views.
The following detailed description of certain implementations presents various descriptions of specific implementations. However, the innovations described herein can be embodied in a multitude of different ways, for example, as defined and covered by the claims. In this description, reference is made to the drawings where like reference numerals can indicate identical or functionally similar elements. It will be understood that elements illustrated in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Moreover, it will be understood that certain implementations can include more elements than illustrated in a drawing and/or a subset of the elements illustrated in a drawing. Further, some implementations can incorporate any suitable combination of features from two or more drawings.
Objects that are coupled together can be permanently connected together or releasably connected together. Objects that are permanently connected together can be formed out of one sheet of material or multiple sheets of material. The type of connection can provide different means for the realization of particular advantages and/or convenience consistent with the suitable function and performance of the device.
With reference to
In some implementations, any of the multi-band multi-element antennas described herein (e.g., the multi-band multi-element antenna 201) can include radiating elements (e.g., the multi-band radiator portions 100, multi-band radiator portion 100′, dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214, and/or any other antenna or radiating portions described herein) configured to radiate at specific frequency bands. For example, the radiating elements 100, 100′, and/or 214 can be configured for one or more of: low-band operation (approximately 600 MHz to 900 MHZ), mid-band operation (approximately 1.7 GHZ to 2.7 GHZ), CBRS-band (“C-band”) operation (approximately 3.4 GHz to 4.2 GHZ), and/or 5 GHz Wi-Fi-band (“Wi-Fi-band”) operation (approximately 4.8 GHz to 7.25 GHZ), depending on the desired performance of the antenna assembly. Throughout the disclosure, reference may be made to a “high-band”, or certain radiating elements may be described as configured for “high-band operation”. High-band operation may cover approximately 1.6 GHz to 6 GHz, in some implementations.
One or more of the base 202 and the cover 204 can include one or more vents 206. Vents 206 can be configured for heat flow (e.g., to allow heat produced by the components of the antenna assembly 200 to be exchanged with the environment). For example, the cover 204 can include one or more vents 206 in the side walls and/or the top wall (not shown). Similarly, the base 202 can include one or more vents 206 that pass through the base 202 to promote heat flow. The cover 204 can include an opening 208 in one or more side walls to facilitate access to an internal modem 210 that may include coaxial and discrete wire cables (see e.g.,
In some implementations, the antenna assembly 200 can be configured to be supported by the base 202 in an arrangement with the base 202 positioned below the cover 204 (e.g., on a horizontal surface). In some implementations, the base 202 can be configured to be mounted to a vertical surface (e.g., a wall). Mounting the antenna assembly 200 to a wall (e.g., via the base 202 or an additional component) can provide certain advantages, particularly when the antenna is configured as a directional antenna, as described herein. In some cases, the antenna assembly 200 can be configured as a directional antenna, such as when one or more multi-band radiator portions 1200 of
In some implementations, when the antenna assembly 200 is configured as a directional antenna (e.g., including one or more stacked patch antennas 1100 and/or multi-band radiator portions 1200) it can be advantageous to position the base 202 on a horizontal surface in some cases (e.g., to point vertically). For example, such an arrangement can be desirable when the antenna assembly 200 is configured to communicate with a satellite. In this example, the vertical direction of the antenna assembly 200 can provide improved line of sight to the satellite(s). For example, pointing the antenna assembly 200 vertically toward the satellite ensures the strongest possible signal is directed at the target. Misalignment could result in signal loss or weak reception. In some cases, satellite communication systems often require precise alignment in both azimuth (horizontal) and elevation (vertical) to maintain an optimal connection. A vertically oriented antenna assembly 200 configured as a directional antenna will can be aimed at a specific elevation angle that matches the satellite's position relative to the ground station. An additional advantage of pointing the antenna assembly 200 vertically can include minimizing interference from terrestrial signals and reflections from the ground or nearby objects, which can be especially important when communicating with high-altitude satellites.
With reference to
With continued reference to
As shown in
Referring back to
Referring back to
Depending on the particular use, the number of dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214 can vary. In the illustrated examples, the antenna assembly 200 includes two dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214. However, more or fewer dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214 are possible. In some cases, one or more of the dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214 can be configured for Bluetooth communication. For example, one or more of the dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214 can be a Bluetooth radiator portion 214. In some implementations, each dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214 can be coupled to an individual RF cable. For example, terminated coaxial cables 240 are shown coupled to the dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214 in
In some implementations, the antenna assembly 200 can include one or more GPS antenna elements 224. The GPS antenna element(s) 224 can be used to collect one or more signal(s) from geosynchronous satellites so that the GPS function of a radio including the antenna assembly 200 can determine where the antenna assembly 200 is positioned relative to a global coordinate system. Depending on the particular use, the number of GPS antenna element(s) 224 can vary. When included, the GPS antenna element(s) 224 may be positioned on the ground plane 212 and within the cover 204. In this arrangement, the GPS antenna element(s) 224 are supported by the ground plane 212 in the assembled antenna assembly 200.
The multi-band radiator portions 100 can be used for wireless telecommunication purposes (e.g., cellular telecommunication). Accordingly, the second antenna elements 100 may be referred to herein as “multi-band radiator portions” or “cellular radiator portions”. Depending on the particular use, the number of multi-band radiator portions 100 can vary. In the example of
The RF cabling to connect the internal modem 210 to the multi-band radiator portions 100 and the dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214 can extend through the ground plane 212 and into the lower enclosure of the antenna assembly 200. For example, each the multi-band radiator portion 100 is shown coupled to a terminated coaxial cable 240. The combination of the multi-band radiator portions 100 and the dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214 with the data ports of the internal modem 210 can allow for a wireless modem to provide “last mile” service for a data connection to a home, office, etc. to support improved data speeds and latency. The antenna assembly 200 can be used in place of a cable modem, a fiber modem, a twisted pair modem, etc. that require physical connection to the home/office. As such, the antenna assembly 200 can eliminate the costs associated with truck roll and scheduling, while still providing data/internet connection for an end user. In another example, use of the antenna assembly 200 may preclude the infrastructure costs of having the data service on the poles or in the ground near the end user's facility.
The orientation and the arrangement of the multi-band radiator portions 100 and the dual-band WiFi radiator portions 214 on the ground plane 212 relative to each other can be selected to optimize the performance of the antenna assembly 200 for the particular use case. In the example of
The antenna assembly 200A differs from the antenna assembly 200 in shape and size. For example, the antenna assembly 200A has a generally rectangular shape (e.g., a rectangular base 202A and ground plane 212A) compared to the generally square shaped antenna assembly 200. Accordingly, the antenna assembly 200A can be longer in at least one dimension compared to the antenna assembly 200. The increased size of the antenna assembly 200A compared to the antenna assembly 200 allows the antenna assembly 200A to accommodate additional antenna elements. As shown in the illustrated example of
As shown in
In some cases, the radiating element 101 is a modified printed inverted-F antenna (PIFA) modified to have three bent arm members that make the radiating element 101 a three-dimensional antenna as opposed to a two-dimensional antenna generally practiced in the art for printed inverted F antenna. Furthermore, the radiating element 101 can be a dual band monopole antenna, a multi-band 3D inverted F antenna, or a version of a 2D inverted F antenna similar to a PIFA, that has a configuration that, when used in conjunction with high order electromagnetic modes generated or received by a transceiver and/or receiver (as is typically performed for PIFA antenna), permit the radiating element 101 to have an operating frequency range of 600 MHz to 7.25 GHZ.
The low band portions (e.g., upright low band radiation portion 125, the second low band radiation portion 129, and/or any additional low band radiation portions) can be configured for radiation in the low band, including low band odd multiples. The high band radiation portion can comprise one or more arms 127 configured for high band radiation. In the illustrated example, the radiating element 101 includes two arms 127. The two arms 127 can be coupled to a lower portion of the upright low band radiation portion 125. In some implementations, the arms 127 can be coupled to an upper portion of the upright low band radiation portion 125. In some other implementations, one or more additional arms can be coupled to an upper portion of a low band radiation portion (e.g., upright low band radiation portion 125, the second low band radiation portion 129, etc.). In some implementations the arms 127 can have the same length. In some implementations arms 127 can have different lengths. In some implementations, one or more of the arms 127 can be positioned at an angle relative to the upright low band radiation portion 125 and/or relative to the ground plane 212. The arms 127 can be positioned at the same angle or at different angles. The arms 127 can be configured for radiation in the high band, including high even order resonances. In some implementations, additional arm portions can be added or formed at selected locations to add coverage for additional high frequency bandwidth areas. For example, in some implementations portions of the arms may be slit, extended, angled, bent, modified, and/or otherwise connected to provide improved coverage areas.
As shown in
In some other implementations, features and aspects of the multi-band radiator portions 100 can be further described as follows.
In some implementations, a different ground connection, such as the ground connection 103′ of at least
Antenna Assembly with Second Multi-Band Radiator Portions
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters identify corresponding or similar elements in form and function throughout the several views.
The antenna assembly 200′ differs from the antenna assembly 200 primarily in shape and/or features of the multi-band radiator portions 100′. The multi-band radiator portions 100′ are described further herein with reference to
As shown in
In some other implementations, the second low-band radiation portion 129′ can be coupled to a third low-band radiation portion, a fourth low-band radiation portion, and/or other radiation portions. In some implementations, material forming the second low-band radiation portion 129′ can extend in a direction further away from the upright low-band radiation portion 125′ and comprise a slit between the material such that portion of material on each side of the slit may form a third low-band radiation portion and a fourth low-band radiation portion respectively, that may be coplanar with and extend beyond the second low-band radiation portion 129′. In some implementations the third and fourth low-band radiation portions can be the same length and width. In some implementations, the length and/or width of the third low-band radiation portion may be different from the length and/or width of the fourth low-band radiation portion. In some implementations, one or more of the third low-band radiation portion and the fourth low-band radiation portion may be angled or bent or attached such that it is not coplanar with the second low-band radiation portion 129′. Adding variations in radiation portions can provide advantageous coverage in different areas of bandwidth in some implementations.
In some cases, the radiating element 101′ is a modified printed inverted-F antenna (PIFA) modified to have three bent arm members that make the radiating element 101′ a three-dimensional antenna as opposed to a two-dimensional antenna generally practiced in the art for printed inverted-F antennas. Furthermore, the radiating element 101′ can be a dual-band monopole antenna, a multi-band 3D inverted F antenna, or a version of a 2D inverted F antenna similar to a PIFA that has a configuration that, when used in conjunction with high order electromagnetic modes generated or received by a transceiver and/or receiver (as is typically performed for PIFA antennas), permit the radiating element 101′ to have an operating frequency range of 500 MHz to 8 GHz.
The low-band portions (e.g., upright low-band radiation portion 125′, the second low-band radiation portion 129′, and any additional low-band radiation portions) can be configured for radiation in the low-band (e.g., approximately 600 MHz to 900 MHZ), including low-band odd multiples. The radiating element 101′ can also include additional portions configured for radiation above the low-band. For example, the radiating element 101′ can include one or more primary arms 127′ and/or one or more secondary arms 137′. The primary arms 127′ and the secondary arms 137′ may be configured for operation on different bands or the same bands. For example, the primary arms 127′ can be configured for radiation in the mid-band (e.g., approximately 1.7 GHZ to 2.7 GHz) and the secondary arms 137′ can be configured for radiation in the C-band (e.g., approximately 3.4 GHz to 4.2 GHZ). In the illustrated example, the radiating element 101′ includes two primary arms 127′ and two secondary arms 137′. However, more or fewer arms 127′, 137′ are possible. Further, in other implementations, the arms 127′, 137′ or additional/alternative arms can be included in the radiating element 101′ and configured for radiation in the high band Wi-Fi band (e.g., approximately 4.8 GHz to 7.25 GHZ).
The arms 127′ can be coupled to a lower portion of the upright low-band radiation portion 125′. In some implementations, the arms 127′ can be coupled to an upper portion of the upright low-band radiation portion 125′. In some other implementations, one or more additional arms 127′ can be coupled to an upper portion of a low-band radiation portion (e.g., upright low-band radiation portion 125′, the second low-band radiation portion 129′, etc.). In some implementations the arms 127′ can have the same length. In some implementations arms 127′ can have different lengths. In some implementations, one or more of the arms 127′ can be positioned at an angle relative to the upright low-band radiation portion 125′ and/or relative to a ground plane (e.g., the ground plane 212′). The arms 127′ can be positioned at the same angle or at different angles. The arms 127′ can be configured for radiation in the mid-band, including higher even order resonances. In some implementations, additional arm portions can be added or formed at selected locations to add coverage for additional high frequency bandwidth areas (e.g., the high band Wi-Fi band). For example, in some implementations, portions of the arms 127′ (and/or the arms 137′) may be slit, extended, angled, bent, modified, and/or otherwise connected to provide improved coverage areas.
As shown in
The arms 137′ can extend from or be coupled to the upright low-band radiation portion 125′. For example, the arms 137′ can be coupled to an upper portion of the upright low-band radiation portion 125′. In some implementations, the arms 137′ can be positioned above the arms 127′, relative to the ground plane 212′. In some implementations, the arms 137′ can be coupled to a lower portion of the upright low-band radiation portion 125′. For example, the arms 137′ may be positioned below the arms 127′. In some other implementations, one or more additional arms 137′ can be coupled to a low-band radiation portion of the radiating element 101′ (e.g., the upright low-band radiation portion 125′, the second low-band radiation portion 129′, etc.). In some implementations the arms 137′ can have the same length. In some implementations arms 137′ can have different lengths. In some implementations, one or more of the arms 137′ can be positioned at an angle relative to the upright low-band radiation portion 125′ and/or relative to a ground plane (e.g., the ground plane 212′). The arms 137′ can be positioned at the same angle or at different angles. As described herein, the arms 137′ can be configured for radiation in the C-band (e.g., approximately 3.4 GHz to 4.2 GHZ), including high even order resonances. In some implementations, additional arm portions can be added or formed at selected locations to add coverage for additional high frequency bandwidth areas (e.g., the C-band or higher). For example, in some implementations portions of the arms may be slit, extended, angled, bent, modified, and/or otherwise connected to provide improved coverage areas. In some implementations, the arms 137′ can be coplanar to the upright low-band radiation portion 125′, as shown in
As shown in
The ground connection 103′ can be elevated relative to the feed location 119′ of the radiating element 101′ in the assembled antenna assembly 200′. For example, the face plate 171′ can be coupled to a portion of the ground plane 212′ that is higher than the feed point 119′ in the assembled antenna assembly 200′. Such a raised connection provides advantages to achieve the multi-band coverage. Dimensions can be selected to provide harmonic resonance at higher odd orders in some implementations. The grounding portion 103′ provides advantages for achieving multiple advantageous resonances. Also, the selection of the dimensions for radiating portion 100′ may also be adjusted to impact the radiation patterns of the fundamental mode as well as the higher order modes. For example, in some implementations, the height, width, and clearance provided for by the size of arm portion 173′ can be advantageously selected. Additionally, the length and width of body portion 175′ can also be advantageously selected. For example, the width and length of the arm portion 173′ and the body 175′ can be adjusted for impedance matching as well as to achieve a desired radiation pattern for the multi-band radiator portion 100′. The locations of the one or more slots 131′ and one or more tabs 183′, when coupled together for the grounding connection create a symbiotic connection to provide a resonance of desired impedance to match a desired frequency and bandwidth and radiation pattern for a low-band frequency configuration in some implementations. In the illustrated example, the slots 131′ are near the vertical center of the upright low-band radiation portion 125′. The vertical position of the slots 131′ on the upright low-band radiation portion 125′ is related to the height or length of the arm portion 173′. In other implementations, the slots 131′ can be located higher or lower on upright low-band radiation portion 125′ relative to the vertical axis. The location of the slots 131′ (e.g., where the ground connection 103′ attaches) relative to the height of the upright low-band radiation portion 125′ is selected for impedance matching and the desired behavior of the higher order modes (e.g., where the higher order modes occur). The relative dimensions are also selected so that the radiation patterns comes off of the radiating element 101′ in the desired shape and/or direction. The width between the slots 131′ can also be variable. In the illustrated example, each slot 131′ is located approximately centrally between the central vertical axis of the upright low-band radiation portion 125′ and an outside edge of the upright low-band radiation portion 125′. In other examples, the slots 131′ can be closer or further apart from each other. In some cases, decreasing the width between the slots 131′ can require the height of the slots 131′ to also be reduced relative to the upright low-band radiation portion 125′ for optimal performance of the multi-band radiator portion 100′. In some cases, it can be desirable for the slots 131′ to be located as high on the upright low-band radiation portion 125′ as possible for improved structural benefits. However, the height of the slots 131′ is selected generally selected for a balance of good structural support and performance of the multi-band radiator portion 100′ across all desired bands.
In some other implementations, features and aspects of the multi-band radiator portions 100′ can be further described as follows.
The antenna assembly 300 can also include a modem 310 and a modem shell 400. The term “modem” can refer to a router, a wireless modem, a modem-router, hotspot, and/or the like. The modem 310 can be wireless and may include an internal power source, allowing the antenna assembly 300 to be portable. The modem shell 400 is described further with reference to
The antenna assembly 300 differs from the antenna assembly 200 in that the multi-band antenna 201 and the modem 310 are housed within the same internal volume without a divider. Accordingly, the antenna assembly 300 may have a shorter height than the antenna assembly 200. The cover 304 can be removably coupled to the base 302 to define an internal volume of the antenna assembly 300. The cover 304 can include one or more vents 306. Vents 306 can be configured for heat flow (e.g., to allow heat produced by the components of the antenna assembly 300 to be exchanged with the environment). For example, the cover 304 can include one or more vents 306 in the side walls and/or the top wall (not shown). The cover 304 may also include one or more environmental connection ports 340. The environmental connection ports 340 may extend through a side wall of the cover 304, allowing the antenna assembly 300 to be connected to cables and/or transmission lines. The environmental connection ports 340 may each include a cover 342 that can prevent dust, debris, liquid, and/or the like from entering the internal volume of the antenna assembly 300. The base 302 may serve as the ground plane for the antenna assembly 300. As such, the base 302 may be made of an electrically conductive material. In some implementations, a separate ground plane for the multi-band antenna 301 may be coupled to or supported by the base 302.
In some implementations, the antenna assembly 300 can be configured to be supported by the base 302 in an arrangement with the base 302 positioned below the cover 204 (e.g., on a horizontal surface). In some implementations, the base 302 can be configured to be mounted to a vertical surface (e.g., a wall). Mounting the antenna assembly 300 to a wall (e.g., via the base 302 or an additional component) can provide certain advantages, particularly when the antenna is configured as a directional antenna, as described herein. In some cases, the antenna assembly 300 can be configured as a directional antenna, such as when one or more multi-band radiator portions 1200 of
In some implementations, when the antenna assembly 300 is configured as a directional antenna (e.g., including one or more stacked patch antennas 1100 and/or multi-band radiator portions 1200) it can be advantageous to position the base 302 on a horizontal surface in some cases (e.g., to point vertically). For example, such an arrangement can be desirable when the antenna assembly 300 is configured to communicate with a satellite. In this example, the vertical direction of the antenna assembly 300 can provide improved line of sight to the satellite(s). For example, pointing the antenna assembly 300 vertically toward the satellite ensures the strongest possible signal is directed at the target. Misalignment could result in signal loss or weak reception. In some cases, satellite communication systems often require precise alignment in both azimuth (horizontal) and elevation (vertical) to maintain an optimal connection. A vertically oriented antenna assembly 300 configured as a directional antenna will can be aimed at a specific elevation angle that matches the satellite's position relative to the ground station. An additional advantage of pointing the antenna assembly 300 vertically can include minimizing interference from terrestrial signals and reflections from the ground or nearby objects, which can be especially important when communicating with high-altitude satellites.
Referring now to
Referring back to
In some implementations, the antenna assembly 300 and/or any of the antenna assemblies described herein can be configured for use in a vehicle. In some configurations, it can be desirable for the antenna assembly 300 to be removably coupled to vehicle. For example, the antenna assembly 300 can be removably mounted to the vehicle for use within the vehicle and removable from the vehicle for use external to the vehicle. In one example, the antenna assembly 300 can be configured to be magnetically coupled to a vehicle. For example, the base 302 can be configured to magnetically couple to a mounting plate 356 via one or more magnets 358 housed in the base 302. In some cases, the base 302 may include a recess 360 extending upwardly into the base 302 for receiving the mounting plate 356. Such a configuration would allow the antenna assembly 300 to be seamlessly integrated into the vehicle when the mounting plate 356 is received within the base 302. The mounting plate 356 can be configured to be mounted to the vehicle (e.g., the dashboard) using any conventional means. In one example, as adhesive can be used (e.g., an adhesive gasket 362). In another example, fasteners can be used.
In some implementations, the antenna assembly 300 and/or any of the antenna assemblies described herein can include one or more fans, blowers, or other similar devices for forced air convection. The one or more fans 364 can be housed within the internal volume between the base 302 and the cover 304 in some implementations. In some cases, the one or more fans 364 can be configured to draw air into the internal volume from an environment external to the antenna assembly 300 such that air within the internal volume is forced out of the internal volume (e.g., via the one or more vents 306). In other cases, the one or more fans 364 can be configured to force air from the internal volume through the one or more vents 306 and/or additional vents 366 to the external environment such that air from the external environment is drawn into the internal volume due to the reduction in pressure.
In some implementations, the one or more fans 364 can be configured to provide cooling to both the multi-band radiator portions 100 and the modem 310. In some implementations, the one or more fans 364 can be configured to provide cooling primarily to the modem 310 or to the multi-band radiator portions 100′. In one example, the antenna assembly 300 can include one or more internal walls configured to provide partial or full isolation for airflow between the multi-band radiator portions 100′ and the modem 310. For the example, one or both of the base 302 and the cover 304 can include internal walls 368, 370 that extend between the modem support portion 330 and the multi-band radiator portions 100′. For example, a first internal wall 368 may extend from the base 302 towards the cover 304 (or vice-versa) along a first side of the modem support portion 330 within the internal volume and a second internal wall 370 may extend from the base 302 towards the cover 304 (or vice-versa) along a second side of the modem support portion 330 within the internal volume. In such a configuration, the first internal wall 368 can define a first flow channel 372 between a first side wall 334 of the modem support portion 330 and the second internal wall 370 can define a second flow channel 374 between a second side wall 334 (opposite the first side wall 334) of the modem support portion 330. As described herein, the one or more side walls 334 of the modem support portion 330 can include vents, channels, and/or other openings (e.g., opening 331) to allow fluid communication between modem support portion 330 and the internal volume of the antenna assembly 300. In such an implementation, a first fan 364a can be positioned within the first flow channel 372 and a second fan 364b can be positioned in the second flow channel 374. The first and second fans 364 can induce fluid (e.g., air) flow along the two channels 372, 374 to provide cooling to the modem 310. For example, the air flow can contact the modem 310 via the vents 336 in the one or more side walls 334 and via the slots 412 in the modem shell 400 as described further herein. The first fan 364a can be aligned with a first vent 366 in the cover 304 and the second fan 364b can be aligned with a second vent 366 in the cover 304 in some implementations. The first vent 366 can allow for fluid exchange between the first flow channel 372 and the external environment. The second vent 366 can allow for fluid exchange between the second flow channel 374 and the external environment.
In some implementations, the internal walls 368, 370 of the flow channels 372, 374 can be configured to direct air flow from the fans 364 inwardly towards the modem 310. For example, the internal walls 368, 370 can include curved or angled portions 376 that force some fluid from the fans 364 in a direction generally towards the modem support portion 330. Such a configuration can increase the amount of forced air convention provided to the modem 310.
In some implementations the cover 304 can include one or more cable routing ports 378 to allow the modem 310 to connect to an external system through the cover 304 without removing the modem shell 400 or the modem 310 from the antenna assembly 300. For example, the cover 304 can include an ethernet port or opening, a USB port or opening, a USBC port or opening, and/or the like.
In some implementations, the antenna assembly 300 can include a power source, such as a battery 380. The battery 380 can be configured to power the one or more fans 364 and/or to provide power to the modem 310. For example, the battery 380 can serve as a second power source for the modem 310. In some implementations, the battery 380 can extend the use of the modem 310 by approximately twice the life of the modem's 310 internal power source. In some implementations, the battery 380 can extend the use of the modem 310 by more than two times the life of the modem's 310 internal power source.
In some implementations, the battery 380 can be housed within the base 302. For example, the base 302 can include a recess 382 for receiving the battery 380 in the bottom side of the base 302. The recess 382 may be configured to be covered with a removable cover (not show). For example, the battery 380 can be configured to be removable from the base 302. Such a configuration can provide a benefit of allowing the battery 380 to be easily replaced as desired. For example, when the antenna assembly 300 is not connected to a power source, a user can achieve extended use of the antenna assembly 300 by replacing the spent battery 380 with a charged replacement battery 380. In some implementations, the battery 380 can be an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for the modem 310 and/or the antenna assembly 300. For example, when the antenna assembly 300 is connected to a power source, the battery 380 may be recharging while power is supplied to the modem 310. When the antenna assembly 300 is disconnected from the power source, the battery 380 can provide power to the modem 310. Such a configuration can prevent the modem 310 and/or the antenna assembly 300 from experiencing power disruptions and/or can ensure continuous operation. The recess 380 may be positioned below the modem support portion 330. For example, the modem 310 can be positioned substantially over the battery 380 when both components are inserted in the antenna assembly 300. In other implementations, the battery 380 can be housed within the internal volume of the antenna assembly 300.
In some implementations, the battery 380 can be connected to a circuit system 384. The circuit system 384 can be configured to route power from the battery 380 to the fans 364 and/or the modem 310. In some cases, the circuit system 384 can be housed within the internal volume of the antenna assembly 300. In some implementations, the circuit system 384 can include a microcontroller or other programmable processors or controllable processing system.
In some implementations, the antenna assembly 300 can include a heating system (not shown). For example, the antenna assembly 300 may include a heating element, heating pad or similar device. The heating system can be configured to provide heat for the battery 380 and/or the antenna assembly 300 as required. For example, when the antenna assembly 300 is used in a cold environment, it may be desirable to provide heat to the battery 380. The battery 380 can provide power for the heating pad. In some cases, the heating pad can be positioned on a top or internal side 382 of the recess 382 of the base 302 that is configured to receive the battery 380. The internal side 382 can be within the internal volume of the antenna assembly 300. For example, the heating pad can be positioned between the internal side 386 of the recess 382 and the modem support portion 330. In some configurations, the base 302 may be made of a conductive material, such as aluminum, which can allow the battery 380 to receive heat from the heating pad through the base 302.
In some implementations, the circuit system 384 can be configured to control the operations of the fans 364 and the heating pad. In some cases, the circuit system 384 can control such operations without direct user control. The antenna assembly 300 may include one or more sensors (not shown) that provide the circuit system 384 with signals related to the internal or external environment of the antenna assembly 300. For example, the antenna assembly 300 may include one or more temperature sensors. The one or more temperature sensors may be positioned within the internal volume of the antenna assembly 300. In some implementations, the antenna assembly 300 can be configured to control operation of either the fans 364 or the heating pad, depending on signals received from the temperature sensors. For example, when the temperature sensors indicate that the detected temperature is below a first threshold value, the circuit system 384 may cause the heating pad to be activated. Similarly, when the temperature sensors indicate that the detected temperature is above a second threshold value, the circuit system 384 may cause the fans to be activated. Depending on the first and second threshold values, the antenna assembly 300 may be operated without either the fans 364 or the heating pad in operation.
The modem shell 400 can include a top cover 402 and a bottom cover 404. The top cover 402 can be configured to be removably coupled to the bottom cover 404. For example, in one implementation, one or more fastener holes 406 can extend through the top cover 402 and bottom cover 404. The fastener holes 406 can be configured to receive fasteners 408 (see e.g.,
The top cover 402 can include a modem window 410. The modem window 410 can be a cutout extending through a top side of the top cover 402. The modem window 410 can allow a portion of the modem 310 to be exposed to airflow and visible through the modem shell 400. The covers 402, 404 can include a plurality of cutouts or slots 412. The slots 412 can be configured to promote airflow to the modem 310. For example, the slots 412 can be vents. The slots 412 can extend along the side walls of the covers 402, 404. In some implementations, the slots 412 in the top cover 402 can extend along the top side of the top cover 402 and the bottom side of the bottom cover 404. The bottom cover 404 can include a plurality of cutouts or holes 414. The holes 414 can be formed in a bottom side of the bottom cover 404. The holes 414 can be configured to promote airflow to the modem 310 in the modem shell 400.
The modem shell 400 can include one or more additional cutouts for access to the modem 310. The cutouts can be formed in the side walls of the covers 402, 404. For example, the modem shell 400 can include a modem port cutout 416. The modem port 416 can provide access through the modem shell 400 to various ports 352 of the modem 310 (e.g., USB port(s), USB-C port(s), ethernet port(s), etc.). In another example, the modem shell 400 can include one or more adaptor cutouts 418. For example, the modem shell 400 can include a first adaptor cutout 418A and a second adaptor cutout 418B. The adaptor cutouts 418 can be configured to allow cable adaptors 354 for the modem 310 to pass through the modem shell 400. Depending on the type, the modem 310 may not include cable adaptors 354. In yet another example, the modem shell 400 can include a power button cutout 420. The power button cutout 420 can be configured to provide access through the modem shell 400 to a power button of the modem.
In some implementations, the modem 310 may be positioned within the modem shell 400 with gaps or spaces between the modem 310 and the walls defined by the top cover 402 and the bottom cover 404. For example, a gap may extend between the side walls of the modem 310 and the side walls of the modem shell 400. Such a gap can provide increased air flow to the modem 310 through the modem shell 400. For example, the sidewall gap can provide for an air pocket around the modem 310. However, it is generally desirable that the modem 310 be configured to have limited movement relative to the modem shell 400. As such, the modem shell 400 can include one or more mechanisms for restricting movement of the modem 310 relative to the modem shell 400. In one example, the modem shell 400 may include one or more projections positioned within the sidewall gap between the modem 310 and the modem shell 400. For example, each corner of the modem shell 400 may include a projection. The projections can engage the modem 310 such that movement is restricted between the modem 310 and the modem shell 400 during normal use of the modem shell 400 while still allowing the modem 310 to be removed from the modem shell 400 when desired. In some cases, a second gap can be defined between the top of the modem 310 and the top cover 402 and/or a third gap can be defined between the bottom of the modem 310 and the bottom cover 404. The second gap and/or the third gap can be additional or alternative to the sidewall gap. The second and third gaps can perform a similar air pocket function as the sidewall gap. In some configurations, one or more additional projections may extend from the top cover 402 towards the top of the modem 310 and/or from the bottom cover 404 towards the bottom of the modem 310 to restrict movement between the modem 310 and the modem shell 400 while maintain the desired second and/or third gaps.
In some implementations, the modem 310 may include or may be configured to receive a SubMiniature version A (SMA) to Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) adaptor. The modem shell 400 can include one or more adaptor cutouts 418 for the one or more SMA-TSN adaptors.
One or more multi-band radiator portions 500 can form part of any of the multi-band multi-element antennas described herein (e.g., the multi-band multi-element antenna 201 of the antenna assembly 200, the multi-band multi-element antenna 201′ of the antenna assembly 200′, the multi-band multi-element antenna 201A of the antenna assembly 200A, the multi-band multi-element antenna 301 of the antenna assembly 300, etc.). In
Each multi-band radiator portion 500 can include a multi-band radiating element 501 and a ground connection 503 (also referred to herein as a “grounding portion”). The ground connection 503 is configured to couple multi-band radiating element 501 a ground plane, such as the base 302 (when configured as a ground plane) of the antenna assembly 300.
According to some implementations, when the multi-band radiator portion 500 are configured as PCB portions, a tab and slot configuration in the PCB material can be used to mechanically locate the individual PCB portions. When appropriate, in some implementations the tab and slot arrangements are then soldered. The soldering process can be used to provide a mechanical and/or electrical connection between the individual PCB portions or one or more sheet metal portions. In some implementations, there are electrically conducting features on one surface of the PCB support material. In other implementations, both sides of the PCB support material are used to for supporting the electrically conducting features. The same surface of any one particular surface of the PCB support material can have separate electrically conducting features that perform different functions for the multi-band antenna system or for an individual multi-band radiating element. In other implementations, one or more sheet metal portions can be configured with optional portions of electrically non-conductive material to provide a similar form and function to that of a PCB portion. The use of mechanical threaded fasteners, heat stakes, keyhole slots, pressure sensitive adhesive, soldering, interlocking, and other coupling techniques may be exploited to couple portions of the multi-element multi-band antenna 301. These coupling techniques are used to firmly hold structures and components in place and/or in contact with one another. In some implementations, the coupling techniques provide an important role in establishing and maintaining a direct electrical connection between two components. In other implementations, the coupling techniques are used to establish firm contact between two surfaces that are electrically conductive. In some implementations, the coupling techniques provide structural integrity between one or more components where one or more portions is electrically non-conductive. In some implementations, one or more of the radiating elements are electromagnetically excited by an individual coaxial transmission line (e.g., one coaxial transmission line for each of the radiating elements). In other implementations, the one or more of the radiating elements are electromagnetically excited by a microstrip, stripline, conductor backed coplanar waveguide, parallel plate, twin lead, wire above a groundplane, or other suitable microwave or telecommunication transmission line.
Referring first to
With continued reference to
The radiating element 501 can include one or more connecting portions 541 for connecting the upright portion 525 to the arms 527. For example, the radiating element 501 can include a first connecting portion 541 for connecting a left arm 527 to the upright portion 525 and a second connecting portion 541 for connecting a right arm 527 to the upright portion 525. With reference to
The radiating element 501 can optionally include the second low band radiator portion 529 to aid in accomplishing radiation in the low-band (e.g., approximately 600 MHz to 900 MHZ). The second low band radiating portion 529 can extend from the top of the upright portion 525. In some implementations, the second low band radiating portion 529 can be a head radiating element and can extend at a substantially perpendicular angle from the upright portion 525. The length of low band radiator portion 529 is significantly shorter than other radiating structures to accommodate the closer spacing of neighboring antenna elements. For example, the second low band radiating portion 529 may have a shorter length that the second low band radiation portion 129 of the radiating element 101 of
Referring now to
In some implementations, different antennas may be incorporated into any of the antenna assemblies described herein. For example, an off-the-shelf antenna in its full package (e.g., with a radome and secured to a base and/or ground plane) can replace the multi-band multi-element antenna (e.g., the multi-band multi-element antenna 301) of the antenna assemblies described herein, typically resulting in reduced performance. Such an off-the-shelf antenna could be positioned or secured to a ground plane (e.g., the base 302) and positioned beneath a radome of the respective antenna assembly (e.g., the radome 304). In the example of the antenna assembly 200, the off-the-shelf antenna may be secured to the ground plane 212 in the top internal volume in some cases.
As shown in at least
Referring back to
The second radiating portion 804 can be electromagnetically coupled to the first radiating portion 802. In the illustrated example, the second radiating portion 804 is in the form of a second conductive portion 812 etched onto a second PCB portion 810. The second conductive portion 812 can be electrically coupled to the base 302 at the ground connection 818. The second conductive portion 812 of the second radiating portion 804 can be orthogonal to both the first conductive portion 808 and the top portion 820 of the first radiating portion 802. The second conductive portion 812 can assist with the high-band performance of the multi-band antenna 800.
One or more multi-band radiator portions 1200 can form part of any of the multi-band multi-element antennas described herein (e.g., the multi-band multi-element antenna 201 of the antenna assembly 200, the multi-band multi-element antenna 201′ of the antenna assembly 200′, the multi-band multi-element antenna 201A of the antenna assembly 200A, the multi-band multi-element antenna 301 of the antenna assembly 300, etc.). In
Each multi-band radiator portion 1200 can include a multi-band radiating element 1201 and a ground connection 1300 (also referred to herein as a “grounding portion”). The ground connection 1300 is configured to couple the multi-band radiating element 1301 to a ground plane, such as the base 302 of the antenna assembly 300 or an alternative ground plane utilized in the antenna assembly 300. The multi-band radiator portion 1200 differs from the illustrated example of the multi-band radiator portion 100′ in that the ground connection 1300 is formed on a PCB 1320, as described further below.
As noted above, the multi-band radiator portion 1200 can be configured for use with a ground plane, such as the base 302. In some implementations, a different ground plane of the antenna assembly 300 can be positioned or secured to the base 302 and can be constructed from one or more types of PCB material, sheet metal with non-conductive spacers of plastic, foam, ceramic, and metalized plastic. Transmission lines utilized with the multi-band radiator portion 1200 can be microstrip, stripline, conductor back co-planar waveguide, parallel plate waveguide, wire above a groundplane, coaxial cables or other such materials of construction that can be configured and adapted to be used for communication between about 450 MHz to about 8 GHz. According to some implementations, the non-conductive support portions and/or PCB portions of the groundplanes and/or radiating elements can be made of FR4, fiberglass reinforced epoxy, polyester reinforced epoxy, or other similar PCB support material that may have high performance radio frequency properties and that can support electrically conductive features of one or more radiating portions for one or more elements on its structure on one or both side of the support material.
According to some implementations, a tab and slot configuration in the PCB material can be used to mechanically locate the individual PCB portions, sheet metal portions, and/or other electromagnetic structures of the multi-band radiator portion 1200. When appropriate, in some implementations, the tab and slot arrangements are then soldered. The soldering process is used to provide a mechanical and electrical connection between the individual PCB portions. Any sheet metal portion(s) of the multi-band radiator portion 1200 may be supported with non-conductive material for the spacing and mechanical support between the sheet metal and the groundplane. In some implementations, the etched electrically conducting features can be on one surface of the PCB support material. In other implementations, both sides of the PCB support material are used for supporting the electrically conducting features. In other implementations, sheet metal or other construction material that is electrically conductive that is supported by non-conductive material to support the electrically conducting features is used in the multi-band radiator portion 1200.
In some implementations, mechanical threaded fasteners can be used with the multi-band radiator portion 1200 or to couple the multi-band radiator portion 1200 to another structure (e.g., the base 302). The fasteners can be used to firmly hold structures and components in place and in contact with one another. Some of the mechanical features of the antenna assemblies described herein can be formed with a heat staking process to couple different portions together. In some implementations, the mechanical fasteners provide an important role in establishing and maintaining a direct electrical connection between two components. In other implementations, the mechanical fasteners are used to establish firm contact between two surfaces that are electrically conductive. In some implementations, the mechanical fasteners provide structural fastening between one or more components that have wholly non-conductive components. The use of mechanical threaded fasteners, heat stakes, keyhole slots, pressure sensitive adhesive, soldering, interlocking, and other coupling techniques may be utilized to couple portions of the multi-element multi-band antennas described herein. These coupling techniques are used to firmly hold structures and components in place and in contact with one another.
When multiple multi-band radiator portions 1200 are included in the antenna assembly 300, the various multi-band radiator portions 1200 may be rotated in orientation to provide radiation in different polarizations with reference to the direction normal to the groundplane (e.g., the base 302). For example, the orientation of the multi-band radiator portions 1200 may correspond with a 45-degree polarization with respect to vertical (or other types of polarizations as applicable).
In some implementations, the multi-band radiator portion 1200 can be configured to be utilized with one or more ground planes that can be rigid PCBs with independent conductor back co-planar waveguide transmission lines that are electrically coupled to individual multi-band radiator portions 1200. In some implementations, the multi-band radiator portions 1200 can be mechanically coupled to the associated ground plane (e.g., the base 302 or alternative ground plane of the antenna assembly 300) through a plurality of electrically non-conductive connector portions (not shown). For example, as shown in
In the illustrated example, the multi-band radiator portion 1200 includes a multi-band radiating element 1201 comprised of a sheet metal portion as well as ground connection 1300 comprising a PCB with electrically conductive features on both surfaces. For example,
Referring back to
Referring now to
The width, length and height of conductive surfaces 1340 are selected to provide an impedance match and also assist with the radiation characteristics of the fundamental resonance as well as the higher order modes for the radiating element multi-band radiating element 1201 and the characteristic impedance of the radio frequency transmission lines that connect the radio that is part of the 5G wireless communication link to the multi-element multi-band antenna including the multi-band radiator portion 1200 (e.g., the multi-band multi-element antenna 301) as well as the individual radiation elements. In some implementations, the width of the conductive surfaces 1340 may include a first width and a second width. The first width may be positioned along a length portion of the conductive surfaces 1340. The second width may be positioned along the height portion of the conductive surfaces 1340. Each of the first width and the second width may be between about 0.0 centimeters (cm) and about 10.0 cm. The first width and the second width each may be equal to or smaller than about 10 cm. In some implementations, the first width and the second width may be between approximately 0.0 cm and approximately 10.0 cm, for example, between approximately 0.5 cm and approximately 9.5 cm, between approximately 1.0 cm and approximately 9.0 cm, between approximately 1.5 cm and approximately 8.5 cm, between approximately 2.0 cm and approximately 8.0 cm, between approximately 2.5 cm and approximately 7.5 cm, between approximately 3.0 cm and approximately 7.0 cm, between approximately 3.5 cm and approximately 6.5 cm, between approximately 4.0 cm and approximately 6.0 cm, between approximately 4.5 cm and approximately 5.5 cm, between approximately 5.0 cm and approximately 5.0 cm, or any value or range between any of these values or ranges or any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, although values or ranges outside these values or ranges can be used in some cases. In some examples, the first width may be a different value than the second width. For example, the first width may be wider than the second width.
A ratio of the first width to the second width (or of the second width to the first width) can be between approximately 1 and approximately 5, for example, between approximately 1.5 and approximately 4.5, between approximately 2 and approximately 4, between approximately 2.5 and approximately 3.5, between approximately 2 and approximately 2.5, or between approximately 3.5 and approximately 4, or any value or range between any of these values or ranges or any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, although values or ranges outside these values or ranges can be used in some cases.
In some implementations, the height and the length of the conductive surfaces 1340 may be between about 0.0 cm and about 10.0 cm. The height and the length may be equal to or smaller than about 10 cm. In some implementations, the height and the length of the conductive surfaces 1340 may be between approximately 0.0 cm and approximately 10.0 cm, for example, between approximately 0.5 cm and approximately 9.5 cm, between approximately 1.0 cm and approximately 9.0 cm, between approximately 1.5 cm and approximately 8.5 cm, between approximately 2.0 cm and approximately 8.0 cm, between approximately 2.5 cm and approximately 7.5 cm, between approximately 3.0 cm and approximately 7.0 cm, between approximately 3.5 cm and approximately 6.5 cm, between approximately 4.0 cm and approximately 6.0 cm, between approximately 4.5 cm and approximately 5.5 cm, between approximately 5.0 cm and approximately 5.0 cm, or any value or range between any of these values or ranges or any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, although values or ranges outside these values or ranges can be used in some cases. In some examples, the length and the height of the conductive surfaces 1340 may be different values. For example, the height may be greater than the length.
A ratio of the height to the length (or of the length to the height) of the conductive surfaces 1340 can be between approximately 1 and approximately 5, for example, between approximately 1.5 and approximately 4.5, between approximately 2 and approximately 4, between approximately 2.5 and approximately 3.5, between approximately 2 and approximately 2.5, or between approximately 3.5 and approximately 4, or any value or range between any of these values or ranges or any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, although values or ranges outside these values or ranges can be used in some cases.
In some instances, the plated through holes 1380 may be configured to equalize electrical potential across both sides of the ground connection 1300. For example, the grounding portion 1300 may include conductive material on both sides (e.g., conducting surface 1340A on the first side shown in
In some implementations, when multiple multi-band radiator portions 1200 are included in the antenna assembly 300, one or more of multi-band radiator portions 1200 can be arrayed together. In such a configuration, fewer RF ports may be required, and this allows for the possibility of a higher antenna gain for the remaining ports. For example, if the eight multi-band radiator portions 1200 were included in the antenna assembly 300 and are arrayed in pairs, the antenna assembly 300 can include four RF ports instead of eight for the multi-band radiator portions 1200. Such a configuration can also result in enhanced performance in a desired direction.
With continued reference to
The stacked patch antenna 1100 can include a first or top patch element 1102 and a second or bottom patch element 1104. The patch elements 1102, 1104 may also be referred to herein as “patch antenna radiators”, “patch antenna elements”, and/or “patch radiating elements”. Including a stacked patch antenna 1100 in the antenna assembly 300 can provide more impedance bandwidth than a single layer patch antenna of comparable thickness.
The top patch element 1102 and the bottom patch element 1104 can each be considered an electrically conductive structure. In some implementations, the top patch element 1102 and the bottom patch element 1104 can comprise sheet metal, PCBs with an electrically conductive coating, and/or the like. The top patch element 1102 can be positioned above the ground plane 1130 with the bottom patch element 1104 positioned therebetween in the orientation of the stacked patch antenna 1100 relative to the ground plane 1130 shown in
In some implementations, the stacked patch antenna 1100 can include a conductive post 1112. The conductive post 1112 can provide mechanical support for the top patch element 1102 and/or the bottom patch element 1104. The conductive post 1112 can also be electrically connected to the ground plane 1130 and the patch elements 1102, 1104. The gain and bandwidth performance of the stacked patch antenna 1100 will not change in a significant fashion if post 1112 is constructed of non-conductive material.
In the illustrated configuration, the bottom patch element 1104 includes a matching circuit 1106. The matching circuit 1106 can allow for a transmission line 1114 (e.g., a 50-ohm microstrip transmission line) to be matched to the input impedance of the stacked patch antenna 1100. The matching circuit 1106 can be T-shaped. The matching circuit 1106 can extend from the bottom patch element 1104. While a majority of the bottom patch element 1104 may be positioned directly below the top patch element 1102, the matching circuit 1106 may extend outwardly from the bottom patch element 1104 such that the matching circuit 1106 is not positioned directly below the top patch element 1102. The matching circuit 1106 can be mechanically supported by one or more support posts 1110. The one or more support posts 1110 can be configured in a similar manner as the support posts 1108 (e.g., to provide non-conductive mechanical support).
The matching circuit 1106 can be electrically connected to the transmission line 1114 via a feed post 1116. The feed post 1116 provides the electrical connection between the transmission line 1114 and the bottom patch element 1104. In some configurations, the feed post 1116 serves an additional function of providing mechanical support for the matching circuit 1106 in addition to or alternatively to the one or more support posts 1110. The transmission line 1114 can include a junction or attachment point 1118. The attachment point 1118 is where a coaxial cable could attach to the ground plane 1130 to connect the stacked patch antenna 1100 to a radio. The ground plane 1130 can include heat relief sections 1120 in the ground plane 1130 (e.g., in the PCB structure when formed as such) at the attachment point 1118. The transmission line 1114 can extend along the non-conductive side of the ground plane 1130 between the attachment point 1118 and the feed post 1116. In some configurations, the transmission line 1114 could include an impedance transformer or reactive matching components along the transmission line 1114.
In some implementations, any of antenna assemblies described herein can include one or more millimeter wave radios. For example, the one or more millimeter wave radios can form part of the associated multi-element multi-band antenna.
The particular implementations disclosed above are illustrative only, as the application may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. It is therefore evident that the particular implementations disclosed above may be altered or modified, and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the application. Accordingly, the protection sought herein is as set forth in the description. It is apparent that an application with significant advantages has been described and illustrated. Although the present application is shown in a limited number of forms, it is not limited to just these forms, but is amenable to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof.
Various examples of systems relating to an antenna system are found in the following clauses:
Clause 1. An antenna assembly comprising: a base portion; a cover, the cover configured to be removably coupled to the base portion; a modem coupled to the base portion; a ground plane; one or more multi-band radiator portions coupled to the ground plane; and one or more dual-band WiFi radiator portions coupled to the ground plane.
Clause 2. The antenna assembly of Clause 1, wherein the ground plane is suspended above the modem, wherein the ground plane acts as a dividing wall between a top internal volume between the ground plane and the cover, and a bottom internal volume between the ground plane and the base portion.
Clause 3. The antenna assembly of Clause 1 or Clause 2, wherein the cover include one or more vents, wherein the one or more vents are configured to promote heat exchange between internal components of the antenna assembly and a surrounding environment.
Clause 4. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 1-3, wherein the ground plane is configured to act as a heat sink for the modem.
Clause 5. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 1-4, wherein each multi-band radiator portion of the one or more multi-band radiator portions comprises: a feeding portion; a grounding portion; an upright low band radiation portion; a second low band radiation portion; and a high band radiation portion.
Clause 6. The antenna assembly of Clause 5, wherein the second low band radiation portion is not-coplanar with the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 7. The antenna assembly of Clause 5, wherein the second low band radiation portion is coplanar with the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 8. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 5-7, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises two primary arms coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 9. The antenna assembly of Clause 8, wherein each primary arm comprises a first arm portion and a second arm portion, wherein the first arm portion is coupled to the upright low band radiation portion and the second arm portion extends from the first arm portion.
Clause 10. The antenna assembly of Clause 9, wherein the first arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first arm portion.
Clause 11. The antenna assembly of Clause 9 or Clause 10, wherein the second arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second arm portion.
Clause 12. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 5-7, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises a single primary arm coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 13. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 5-7, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises a plurality of primary arms coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 14. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 5-7, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises a plurality of primary arms of different lengths coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 15. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 5-14, wherein each multi-band radiator portion of the one or more multi-band radiator portions further comprises: a third low band radiation portion coupled to the second low band radiation portion; and a fourth low band radiation portion coupled to the second low band radiation portion and not contacting the third low band radiation portion.
Clause 16. The antenna assembly of Clause 15, wherein the third low band radiation portion has a first dimension, wherein the fourth low band radiation portion has a second dimension, and wherein the first dimension and the second dimension are substantially the same.
Clause 17. The antenna assembly of Clause 15, wherein the third low band radiation portion has a first dimension, wherein the fourth low band radiation portion has a second dimension, and wherein the first dimension and the second dimension are different.
Clause 18. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 5-17, wherein the high band radiation portion further comprises one or more secondary arms coupled to the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 19. The antenna assembly of Clause 18, wherein the one or more secondary arms are coplanar to the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 20. The antenna assembly of Clause 18, wherein the one or more secondary arms are not coplanar to the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 21. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 18-20, wherein the one or more secondary arms comprise two secondary arms.
Clause 22. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 1-21, wherein the one or more multi-band radiator portions comprises two multi-band radiator portions.
Clause 23. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 1-22, wherein the one or more dual-band WiFi radiator portions comprises two dual-band WiFi radiator portions.
Clause 24. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 1-23, further comprising a GPS radiator portion coupled to the ground plane.
Clause 25. An antenna system comprising: a conductive sheet having a body portion with a front face, a head portion, a first left arm, and a first right arm; wherein the head portion angularly extends from the body portion; wherein the first left arm angularly extends from the body portion and the first right arm angularly extends from the body portion; wherein the front face is configured as a first resonating component, the head portion is configured as a second resonating component, the first left arm is configured as a third resonating component, and the first right arm is configured a fourth resonating component; and wherein at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use and at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHZ and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 26. The antenna system of Clause 25, further comprising a second left arm that extends from the body portion and a second right arm that extends from the body portion.
Clause 27. The antenna system of Clause 26, wherein the second left arm and the second right arm are coplanar to the front face.
Clause 28. The antenna system of any of Clauses 25-27, wherein the body portion further comprises one or more slots configured to receive projections of an antenna connection.
Clause 29. The antenna system of any of Clause 25-28, wherein the conductive sheet has a thickness at or within 0.01 to 0.03 inches.
Clause 30. The antenna system of any of Clauses 25-29, wherein the head portion is configured to angularly extend from the body portion at an angle at or within 89-91 degrees.
Clause 31. The antenna system of any of Clauses 25-30, wherein the first left arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 32. The antenna system of any of Clauses 25-31, wherein the first right arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 33. The antenna system of any of Clauses 25-32, wherein at least one of the respective first and second resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use.
Clause 34. The antenna system of any of Clauses 25-33, wherein at least one of the respective third and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHz and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 35. The antenna system of any of Clauses 25-34, further comprising a ground aperture located along a symmetry line of the body portion and configured to be electrically coupled to a ground reference.
Clause 36. The antenna system of any of Clauses 25-35, further comprising a first set of apertures on the head portion and located proximate to an upper edge of the body portion.
Clause 37. The antenna system of any of Clauses 25-36, wherein the first left arm comprises a first left arm portion and a second left arm portion and the first right arm comprises a first right arm portion and a second right arm portion, wherein the first left arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second left arm portion extends from the first right arm portion, wherein the first right arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second right arm portion extends from the first right arm portion.
Clause 38. The antenna system of Clause 37, wherein the first right arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first right arm portion and the first left arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first left arm portion.
Clause 39. The antenna system of Clause 37 or Clause 38, wherein the second left arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second left arm portion and the second right arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second right arm portion.
Clause 40. An antenna assembly comprising: a base portion; a cover, the cover configured to be removably coupled to the base portion; a modem positioned on or above the base portion; a ground plane; and a multi-band antenna.
Clause 41. The antenna assembly of Clause 40, wherein the ground plane is coupled to the cover between a top side of the cover and the base portion, wherein the ground plane acts as a dividing wall between a top internal volume between the ground plane and the cover, and a bottom internal volume between the ground plane and the base portion.
Clause 42. The antenna assembly of Clause 40 or Clause 41, wherein the cover include one or more vents, wherein the one or more vents are configured to promote heat exchange between internal components of the antenna assembly and a surrounding environment.
Clause 43. The antenna assembly of Clause 41 or Clause 42, wherein the modem is positioned within the bottom internal volume and the multi-band antenna is positioned within the top internal volume.
Clause 44. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 40-43, wherein the ground plane is configured to act as a heat sink for the modem.
Clause 45. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 40-44, wherein the multi-band antenna includes one or more multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 46. The antenna assembly of Clause 45, wherein each multi-band radiating element of the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises: a feeding portion; a grounding portion; an upright low band radiation portion; a second low band radiation portion; and a high band radiation portion.
Clause 47. The antenna assembly of Clause 46, wherein the second low band radiation portion is not-coplanar with the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 48. The antenna assembly of Clause 46, wherein the second low band radiation portion is coplanar with the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 49. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 46-48, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises two primary arms coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 50. The antenna assembly of Clause 49, wherein each primary arm comprises a first arm portion and a second arm portion, wherein the first arm portion is coupled to the upright low band radiation portion and the second arm portion extends from the first arm portion.
Clause 51. The antenna assembly of Clause 50, wherein the first arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first arm portion.
Clause 52. The antenna assembly of Clause 50 or Clause 51, wherein the second arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second arm portion.
Clause 53. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 46-48, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises a single primary arm coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 54. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 46-48, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises a plurality of primary arms coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 55. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 46-48, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises a plurality of primary arms of different lengths coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 56. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 46-55, wherein each multi-band radiating element further comprises: a third low band radiation portion coupled to the second low band radiation portion; and a fourth low band radiation portion coupled to the second low band radiation portion and not contacting the third low band radiation portion.
Clause 57. The antenna assembly of Clause 56, wherein the third low band radiation portion has a first dimension, wherein the fourth low band radiation portion has a second dimension, and wherein the first dimension and the second dimension are substantially the same.
Clause 58. The antenna assembly of Clause 56, wherein the third low band radiation portion has a first dimension, wherein the fourth low band radiation portion has a second dimension, and wherein the first dimension and the second dimension are different.
Clause 59. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 46-58, wherein the high band radiation portion further comprises one or more secondary arms coupled to the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 60. The antenna assembly of Clause 59, wherein the one or more secondary arms are coplanar to the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 61. The antenna assembly of Clause 59, wherein the one or more secondary arms are not coplanar to the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 62. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 59-61, wherein the one or more secondary arms comprise two secondary arms.
Clause 63. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 45-62, wherein the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises two multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 64. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 45-62, wherein the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises four multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 65. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 40-63, wherein the multi-band antenna further comprises one or more dual-band WiFi radiating elements.
Clause 66. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 40-65, further comprising a GPS antenna coupled to the ground plane.
Clause 67. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 41-66, wherein the ground plane is configured to be removably coupled to the cover in a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein in the first configuration, the ground plane is positioned closer to the base portion than in the second configuration.
Clause 68. The antenna assembly of Clause 67, wherein a ratio between the top internal volume and the bottom internal volume changes when the ground plane is moved from the first configuration to the second configuration.
Clause 69. An antenna assembly comprising: a base portion; a cover configured to be removably coupled to the base portion to define an internal volume, the cover comprising a support portion extending from a top side of the cover towards the base portion; a modem configured to be supported by the support portion; and a multi-band antenna housed within the internal volume.
Clause 70. The antenna assembly of Clause 69, wherein the base portion comprises a ground plane.
Clause 71. The antenna assembly of Clause 69, further comprising a ground plane supported by the base portion.
Clause 72. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 69-71, further comprising a modem shell configured to house the modem, wherein the support portion supports the modem shell.
Clause 73. The antenna assembly of Clause 72, wherein the modem shell is configured to be removably coupled to the support portion.
Clause 74. The antenna assembly of Clause 72 or Clause 73, wherein the modem shell comprises: a top cover; and a bottom cover, the top cover configured to be removably coupled to the bottom cover with the modem therebetween; wherein the top cover and the bottom cover comprise a plurality of slots, the plurality of slots configured to allow portions of the modem to be exposed to an external environment.
Clause 75. The antenna assembly of Clause 74, wherein the modem shell further comprises one or more cutouts, the one or more cutouts configured to provide access to ports of the modem.
Clause 76. The antenna assembly of any of Clause 69-75, wherein the cover include one or more vents, wherein the one or more vents are configured to promote heat exchange between internal components of the antenna assembly and a surrounding environment.
Clause 77. The antenna assembly of any of Clause 69-76, wherein the support portion comprises a bottom portion configured to support the modem and one or more side walls, wherein at least one of the bottom portion and the one or more side walls includes a plurality of vents configured to promote heat exchange between the modem and the internal volume.
Clause 78. The antenna assembly of any of Clause 69-77, wherein the multi-band antenna includes one or more multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 79. The antenna assembly of Clause 78, wherein each multi-band radiating element of the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises: a feeding portion; a grounding portion; an upright low band radiation portion; a second low band radiation portion; and a high band radiation portion.
Clause 80. The antenna assembly of Clause 78, wherein each multi-band radiating element of the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises: a conductive sheet having a body portion with a front face, a head portion, a first left arm, and a first right arm; wherein the head portion angularly extends from the body portion; wherein the first left arm angularly extends from the body portion and the first right arm angularly extends from the body portion; and wherein the front face is configured as a first resonating component, the head portion is configured as a second resonating component, the first left arm is configured as a third resonating component, and the first right arm is configured a fourth resonating component.
Clause 81. The antenna assembly of Clause 80, wherein at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use and at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHZ and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 82. The antenna assembly of Clause 80 or Clause 81, further comprising a second left arm that extends from the body portion and a second right arm that extends from the body portion.
Clause 83. The antenna assembly of Clause 82, wherein the second left arm and the second right arm are coplanar to the front face.
Clause 84. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-83, wherein the body portion further comprises one or more slots configured to receive projections of an antenna connection.
Clause 85. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-84, wherein the conductive sheet has a thickness at or within 0.01 to 0.03 inches.
Clause 86. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-85, wherein the head portion is configured to angularly extend from the body portion at an angle at or within 89-91 degrees.
Clause 87. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-86, wherein the first left arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 88. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-87, wherein the first right arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 89. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-88, wherein at least one of the respective first and second resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use.
Clause 90. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-89, wherein at least one of the respective third and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHZ and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 91. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-90, further comprising a ground aperture located along a symmetry line of the body portion and configured to be electrically coupled to a ground reference.
Clause 92. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-91, further comprising a first set of apertures on the head portion and located proximate to an upper edge of the body portion.
Clause 93. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 80-92, wherein the first left arm comprises a first left arm portion and a second left arm portion and the first right arm comprises a first right arm portion and a second right arm portion, wherein the first left arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second left arm portion extends from the first right arm portion, wherein the first right arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second right arm portion extends from the first right arm portion.
Clause 94. The antenna assembly of Clause 93, wherein the first right arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first right arm portion and the first left arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first left arm portion.
Clause 95. The antenna assembly of Clause 93 or Clause 94, wherein the second left arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second left arm portion and the second right arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second right arm portion.
Clause 96. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 69-95, wherein one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises between one and four multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 97. The antenna assembly of any of Clauses 69-96, wherein the multi-band antenna further comprises at least one dual-band WiFi radiator portion.
Clause 98. An antenna assembly comprising: a base portion; a cover, the cover configured to be removably coupled to the base portion; a modem positioned on or above the base portion; a ground plane; and a multi-band antenna.
Clause 99. The antenna assembly of clause 98, wherein the ground plane is coupled to the cover between a top side of the cover and the base portion, wherein the ground plane acts as a dividing wall between a top internal volume between the ground plane and the cover, and a bottom internal volume between the ground plane and the base portion.
Clause 100. The antenna assembly of clause 98 or clause 99, wherein the cover include one or more vents, wherein the one or more vents are configured to promote heat exchange between internal components of the antenna assembly and a surrounding environment.
Clause 101. The antenna assembly of clause 99 or clause 100, wherein the modem is positioned within the bottom internal volume and the multi-band antenna is positioned within the top internal volume.
Clause 102. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 98-101, wherein the ground plane is configured to act as a heat sink for the modem.
Clause 103. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 98-102, wherein the multi-band antenna includes one or more multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 104. The antenna assembly of clause 103, wherein each multi-band radiating element of the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises: a feeding portion; a grounding portion; an upright low band radiation portion; a second low band radiation portion; and a high band radiation portion.
Clause 105. The antenna assembly of clause 104, wherein the second low band radiation portion is not-coplanar with the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 106. The antenna assembly of clause 104, wherein the second low band radiation portion is coplanar with the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 107. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 104-106, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises two primary arms coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 108. The antenna assembly of clause 107, wherein each primary arm comprises a first arm portion and a second arm portion, wherein the first arm portion is coupled to the upright low band radiation portion and the second arm portion extends from the first arm portion.
Clause 109. The antenna assembly of clause 108, wherein the first arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first arm portion.
Clause 110. The antenna assembly of clause 108 or clause 109, wherein the second arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second arm portion.
Clause 111. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 104-106, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises a single primary arm coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 112. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 104-106, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises a plurality of primary arms coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 113. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 104-106, wherein the high band radiation portion comprises a plurality of primary arms of different lengths coupled to a base of the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 114. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 104-113, wherein each multi-band radiating element further comprises: a third low band radiation portion coupled to the second low band radiation portion; and a fourth low band radiation portion coupled to the second low band radiation portion and not contacting the third low band radiation portion.
Clause 115. The antenna assembly of clause 114, wherein the third low band radiation portion has a first dimension, wherein the fourth low band radiation portion has a second dimension, and wherein the first dimension and the second dimension are substantially the same.
Clause 116. The antenna assembly of clause 114, wherein the third low band radiation portion has a first dimension, wherein the fourth low band radiation portion has a second dimension, and wherein the first dimension and the second dimension are different.
Clause 117. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 104-116, wherein the high band radiation portion further comprises one or more secondary arms coupled to the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 118. The antenna assembly of clause 117, wherein the one or more secondary arms are coplanar to the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 119. The antenna assembly of clause 117, wherein the one or more secondary arms are not coplanar to the upright low band radiation portion.
Clause 120. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 117-119, wherein the one or more secondary arms comprise two secondary arms.
Clause 121. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 103-120, wherein the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises two multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 122. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 103-120, wherein the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises four multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 123. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 98-121, wherein the multi-band antenna further comprises one or more dual-band WiFi radiating elements.
Clause 124. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 98-123, further comprising a GPS antenna coupled to the ground plane.
Clause 125. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 99-124, wherein the ground plane is configured to be removably coupled to the cover in a first configuration and a second configuration, wherein in the first configuration, the ground plane is positioned closer to the base portion than in the second configuration.
Clause 126. The antenna assembly of clause 125, wherein a ratio between the top internal volume and the bottom internal volume changes when the ground plane is moved from the first configuration to the second configuration.
Clause 127. An antenna system comprising: a conductive sheet having a body portion with a front face, a head portion, a first left arm, and a first right arm; wherein the head portion angularly extends from the body portion; wherein the first left arm angularly extends from the body portion and the first right arm angularly extends from the body portion; wherein the front face is configured as a first resonating component, the head portion is configured as a second resonating component, the first left arm is configured as a third resonating component, and the first right arm is configured a fourth resonating component; and wherein at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use and at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHZ and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 128. The antenna system of clause 127, further comprising a second left arm that extends from the body portion and a second right arm that extends from the body portion.
Clause 129. The antenna system of clause 128, wherein the second left arm and the second right arm are coplanar to the front face.
Clause 130. The antenna system of any of clauses 127-129, wherein the body portion further comprises one or more slots configured to receive projections of an antenna connection.
Clause 131. The antenna system of any of clause 127-130, wherein the conductive sheet has a thickness at or within 0.01 to 0.03 inches.
Clause 132. The antenna system of any of clauses 127-131, wherein the head portion is configured to angularly extend from the body portion at an angle at or within 89-91 degrees.
Clause 133. The antenna system of any of clauses 127-132, wherein the first left arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 134. The antenna system of any of clauses 127-133, wherein the first right arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 135. The antenna system of any of clauses 127-134, wherein at least one of the respective first and second resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use.
Clause 136. The antenna system of any of clauses 127-135, wherein at least one of the respective third and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHZ and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 137. The antenna system of any of clauses 127-136, further comprising a ground aperture located along a symmetry line of the body portion and configured to be electrically coupled to a ground reference.
Clause 138. The antenna system of any of clauses 127-137, further comprising a first set of apertures on the head portion and located proximate to an upper edge of the body portion.
Clause 139. The antenna system of any of clauses 127-138, wherein the first left arm comprises a first left arm portion and a second left arm portion and the first right arm comprises a first right arm portion and a second right arm portion, wherein the first left arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second left arm portion extends from the first right arm portion, wherein the first right arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second right arm portion extends from the first right arm portion.
Clause 140. The antenna system of clause 139, wherein the first right arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first right arm portion and the first left arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first left arm portion.
Clause 141. The antenna system of clause 139 or clause 140, wherein the second left arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second left arm portion and the second right arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second right arm portion.
Clause 142. An antenna assembly, comprising: a base portion; a cover configured to be removably coupled to the base portion to define an internal volume, the cover comprising a support portion extending from a top side of the cover towards the base portion; a modem configured to be supported by the support portion; and a multi-band antenna housed within the internal volume.
Clause 143. The antenna assembly of clause 142, wherein the base portion comprises a ground plane.
Clause 144. The antenna assembly of clause 142, further comprising a ground plane supported by the base portion.
Clause 145. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 142-144, further comprising a modem shell configured to house the modem, wherein the support portion supports the modem shell.
Clause 146. The antenna assembly of clause 145, wherein the modem shell is configured to be removably coupled to the support portion.
Clause 147. The antenna assembly of clause 145 or clause 146, wherein the modem shell comprises: a top cover; and a bottom cover, the top cover configured to be removably coupled to the bottom cover with the modem therebetween; wherein the top cover and the bottom cover comprise a plurality of slots, the plurality of slots configured to allow portions of the modem to be exposed to an external environment.
Clause 148. The antenna assembly of clause 147, wherein the modem shell further comprises one or more cutouts, the one or more cutouts configured to provide access to ports of the modem.
Clause 149. The antenna assembly of any of clause 142-148, wherein the cover include one or more vents, wherein the one or more vents are configured to promote heat exchange between internal components of the antenna assembly and a surrounding environment.
Clause 150. The antenna assembly of any of clause 142-149, wherein the support portion comprises a bottom portion configured to support the modem and one or more side walls, wherein at least one of the bottom portion and the one or more side walls includes a plurality of vents configured to promote heat exchange between the modem and the internal volume.
Clause 151. The antenna assembly of any of clause 142-150, wherein the multi-band antenna includes one or more multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 152. The antenna assembly of clause 151, wherein each multi-band radiating element of the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises: a feeding portion; a grounding portion; an upright low band radiation portion; a second low band radiation portion; and a high band radiation portion.
Clause 153. The antenna assembly of clause 151, wherein each multi-band radiating element of the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises: a conductive sheet having a body portion with a front face, a head portion, a first left arm, and a first right arm; wherein the head portion angularly extends from the body portion; wherein the first left arm angularly extends from the body portion and the first right arm angularly extends from the body portion; and wherein the front face is configured as a first resonating component, the head portion is configured as a second resonating component, the first left arm is configured as a third resonating component, and the first right arm is configured a fourth resonating component.
Clause 154. The antenna assembly of clause 153, wherein at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use and at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHZ and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 155. The antenna assembly of clause 153 or clause 154, further comprising a second left arm that extends from the body portion and a second right arm that extends from the body portion.
Clause 156. The antenna assembly of clause 155, wherein the second left arm and the second right arm are coplanar to the front face.
Clause 157. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-156, wherein the body portion further comprises one or more slots configured to receive projections of an antenna connection.
Clause 158. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-157, wherein the conductive sheet has a thickness at or within 0.01 to 0.03 inches.
Clause 159. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-158, wherein the head portion is configured to angularly extend from the body portion at an angle at or within 89-91 degrees.
Clause 160. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-159, wherein the first left arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 161. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-160, wherein the first right arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 162. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-161, wherein at least one of the respective first and second resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use.
Clause 163. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-162, wherein at least one of the respective third and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHZ and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 164. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-163, further comprising a ground aperture located along a symmetry line of the body portion and configured to be electrically coupled to a ground reference.
Clause 165. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-164, further comprising a first set of apertures on the head portion and located proximate to an upper edge of the body portion.
Clause 166. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 153-165, wherein the first left arm comprises a first left arm portion and a second left arm portion and the first right arm comprises a first right arm portion and a second right arm portion, wherein the first left arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second left arm portion extends from the first right arm portion, wherein the first right arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second right arm portion extends from the first right arm portion.
Clause 167. The antenna assembly of clause 166, wherein the first right arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first right arm portion and the first left arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first left arm portion.
Clause 168. The antenna assembly of clause 166 or clause 167, wherein the second left arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second left arm portion and the second right arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second right arm portion.
Clause 169. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 142-168, wherein one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises between one and four multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 170. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 142-169, wherein the multi-band antenna further comprises at least one dual-band WiFi radiator portion.
Clause 171. An antenna assembly, comprising: a modem shell; and a modem.
Clause 172. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises a cover.
Clause 173. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises a base and associated components.
Clause 174. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises one or more bottom components.
Clause 175. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly is configured for use in a vehicle.
Clause 176. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly is removably coupled to a vehicle.
Clause 177. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly is removably mounted to a vehicle for use within the vehicle and removable from the vehicle for use external to the vehicle.
Clause 178. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly is magnetically coupled to a vehicle.
Clause 179. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises a base that can be configured to magnetically couple to a mounting plate via one or more magnets.
Clause 180. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises a base that can include a recess extending upwardly into the base for receiving the mounting plate.
Clause 181. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly is configured to allow the antenna assembly to be seamlessly integrated into the vehicle when the mounting plate is received within the base.
Clause 182. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a mounting plate configured to be mounted to the vehicle (e.g., the dashboard) using any conventional method.
Clause 183. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises adhesive (e.g., an adhesive gasket).
Clause 184. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises fasteners.
Clause 185. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises one or more fans, blowers, or other similar devices for forced air convection.
Clause 186. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly includes one or more internal walls configured to provide partial or full isolation between the multi-band radiator portions and the modem.
Clause 187. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises one or both of the base and the cover can include internal walls that extend between the modem support portion and the multi-band radiator portions.
Clause 188. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a first internal wall that may extend from the base towards the cover (or vice-versa) along a first side of the modem support portion within the internal volume and a second internal wall may extend from the base towards the cover (or vice-versa) along a second side of the modem support portion within the internal volume.
Clause 189. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly is configured such that the first internal wall can define a first flow channel between a first side wall of the modem support portion and the second internal wall can define a second flow channel between a second side wall (opposite the first side wall) of the modem support portion.
Clause 190. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises the one or more side walls of the modem support portion can include vents, channels, and/or other openings to allow fluid communication between modem support portion and the internal volume of the antenna assembly.
Clause 191. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a first fan that can be positioned within the first flow channel and a second fan can be positioned in the second flow channel, wherein the first and second fans can induce fluid (e.g., air) flow along the two channels to provide cooling to the modem and/or other components and systems.
Clause 192. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly is configured such that the air flow can contact the modem via the vents in the one or more side walls and via the slots in the modem shell.
Clause 193. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has internal walls of the flow channels that can be configured to direct air flow from the fans inwardly towards the modem.
Clause 194. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has internal walls that can include curved or angled portions that forces some fluid from the fan towards the modem support portion, wherein such a configuration can increase the amount of forced convention provided to the modem.
Clause 195. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a cover that can include one or more cable routing ports to allow the modem to connect to an external system through the cover without removing the modem shell or the modem from the antenna assembly.
Clause 196. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly comprises a cover that can include an ethernet port or opening, a USB port or opening, a USBC port or opening, and/or the like.
Clause 197. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly can include a power source, such as a battery.
Clause 198. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a battery that can be configured to power the one or more fans and/or to provide power to the modem.
Clause 199. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a battery that can serve as a second power source for the modem.
Clause 200. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a battery that can be housed within the base; wherein the base can include a recess for receiving the battery in the bottom side of the base and the recess is configured to be covered with a removable cover.
Clause 201. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a battery that can be an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for the modem and/or the antenna assembly.
Clause 202. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly is connected to a power source, the battery may be recharging while power is supplied to the modem and when the antenna assembly is disconnected from the power source, the battery can provide power to the modem.
Clause 203. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a battery that can be connected to a circuit system.
Clause 204. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly can include a heating system.
Clause 205. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a circuit system that can be configured to control the operations of the fans and the heating pad; wherein the circuit system can control such operations without direct user control, wherein the antenna assembly can include one or more sensors that provide the circuit system with signals related to the internal or external environment of the antenna assembly.
Clause 206. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a modem that may be positioned within the modem shell with gaps or spaces between the modem and the walls defined by the top cover and the bottom cover; wherein a gap may extend between the sides walls of the modem and the side walls of the modem shell; wherein such a gap can provide increased air flow to the modem through the modem shell.
Clause 207. An antenna assembly of any of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly has a modem that can include or may be configured to receive a SubMiniature version A (SMA) to Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) adaptor; wherein the modem shell can include one or more adaptor cutouts for the one or more SMA-TSN adaptors.
Clause 208. A multi-band antenna comprising a radiating element, the radiating element comprising: an upright portion configured for low-band radiation; a head portion extending from a top edge of the upright portion, the head portion configured for low-band radiation; one or more first arms extending from the upright portion, the one or more first arms configured for mid-band radiation; and one or more second arms extending from the upright portion, the one or more second arms configured for C-band radiation.
Clause 209. The multi-band antenna of clause 208, wherein the multi-band antenna is formed from a conductive sheet comprising the upright portion, the head portion, the one or more first arms, and the one or more second arms.
Clause 210. The multi-band antenna of clause 208, wherein the multi-band antenna is formed of one or more PCB portions, the one or more PCB portions comprising the upright portion, the head portion, the one or more first arms, and the one or more second arms.
Clause 211. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 210, wherein the head portion extends angularly from the upright portion.
Clause 212. The multi-band antenna of clause 211, wherein the head portion extends from the upright portion at an angle at or within 89-91 degrees.
Clause 213. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 212, wherein the one or more first arms extend angularly from the upright portion.
Clause 214. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 213, wherein the one or more first arms comprise a first left arm that extends from a left side of the upright portion and a first right arm that extends from a right side of the upright portion.
Clause 215. The multi-band antenna of clause 214, wherein the first left arm comprises a first left arm portion extending from the left side of the upright portion and a second left arm portion extending from the first left arm portion, and the first right arm comprises a first right arm portion extending from the right side of the upright portion and a second right arm portion extending from the first right arm portion.
Clause 216. The multi-band antenna of clause 215, wherein the first right arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first right arm portion and the first left arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first left arm portion.
Clause 217. The multi-band antenna of clause 215 or clause 216, wherein the second left arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second left arm portion and the second right arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second right arm portion.
Clause 218. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 215 to 217, wherein the second left arm portion and the second right arm portion are substantially orthogonal to the upright portion.
Clause 219. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 218, wherein the one or more second arms comprise a second left arm that extends from a left side of the upright portion and a second right arm that extends from a right side of the upright portion.
Clause 220. The multi-band antenna of clause 219, wherein the second left arm and the second right arm are coplanar with the upright portion.
Clause 221. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 220, wherein the one or more second arms are positioned on the upright portion between the head portion and the one or more first arms.
Clause 222. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 221, wherein the upright portion comprises one or more slots configured to receive projection of a ground connection.
Clause 223. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 222, further comprising a feed point extending from a bottom edge of the upright portion.
Clause 224. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 223, wherein the head portion further comprises a first set of apertures located proximate to the top edge of the upright portion.
Clause 225. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 224, further comprising one or more additional low-band portions extending from the head portion or the upright portion and configured for low-band radiation.
Clause 226. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 225, wherein at least one of the upright portion and the head portion is configured to have multiple resonances that are odd multiples of a lowest low-band resonance.
Clause 227. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 226, wherein at least one of the one or more first arms and the one or more second arms is configured to have multiple resonances that are even multiples of a lowest low-band resonance.
Clause 228. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 208 to 227, further comprising a ground connection, the ground connection comprising: a face plate configured to be coupled to a ground reference; a body portion configured to be coupled to the upright portion; and an arm portion extending between the face plate and the body portion.
Clause 229. The multi-band antenna of clause 228, wherein the body portion further comprises one or more tabs, the one or more tabs configured to be received within slots of the upright portion to electrically connect the ground connection to the radiating element.
Clause 230. The multi-band antenna of clause 229, wherein the one or more tabs are configured to be twisted once received within the slots of the upright portion to mechanically connect the ground connection to the radiating element.
Clause 231. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 228 to 230, wherein the arm portion has a smaller width than the body portion.
Clause 232. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 228 to 231, wherein the arm portion extends from one side of a back side of the body portion such that a coaxial cable can extend past the arm portion and under the body portion when the coaxial cable is coupled to the radiating element.
Clause 233. A multi-band antenna comprising: an upright portion configured as a first resonating component; a head portion extending angularly from the upright portion, the head portion configured as a second resonating component; a first left arm extending from a left edge of the upright portion, the first left arm configured as a third resonating component; a first right arm extending from a right edge of the upright portion, the first right arm configured as a fourth resonating component; a second left arm extending from the left edge of the upright portion, the second left arm configured as a fifth resonating component; and a second right arm extending from the right edge of the upright portion, the second right arm configured as a sixth resonating component.
Clause 234. The multi-band antenna of clause 233, wherein the first resonating component and the second resonating component are configured to resonate within a low-frequency band of between 600 MHz and 900 MHz during use.
Clause 235. The multi-band antenna of clause 233 or clause 234, wherein the third resonating component and the fourth resonating component are configured to resonate within a mid-frequency band of between 1.7 GHZ and 2.7 GHZ during use.
Clause 236. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 235, wherein the fifth resonating component and the sixth resonating component are configured to resonate within a CBRS-frequency band of between 3.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz during use.
Clause 237. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 236, wherein the multi-band antenna is formed from a conductive sheet comprising the upright portion, the head portion, the first left arm, the first right arm, the second left arm, and the second right arm.
Clause 238. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 237, wherein the multi-band antenna is formed of one or more PCB portions, the one or more PCB portions comprising the upright portion, the head portion, the first left arm, the first right arm, the second left arm, and the second right arm.
Clause 239. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 238, wherein the head portion extends from the upright portion at an angle at or within 89-91 degrees.
Clause 240. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 239, wherein the first left arm and the first right arm extend angularly from the upright portion.
Clause 241. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 240, wherein the first left arm comprises a first left arm portion extending from the left edge of the upright portion and a second left arm portion extending from the first left arm portion, and the first right arm comprises a first right arm portion extending from the right edge of the upright portion and a second right arm portion extending from the first right arm portion.
Clause 242. The multi-band antenna of clause 241, wherein the first right arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first right arm portion and the first left arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first left arm portion.
Clause 243. The multi-band antenna of clause 241 or clause 242, wherein the second left arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second left arm portion and the second right arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second right arm portion.
Clause 244. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 241 to 243, wherein the second left arm portion and the second right arm portion are substantially orthogonal to the upright portion.
Clause 245. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 244, wherein the second left arm and the second right arm are coplanar with the upright portion.
Clause 246. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 245, wherein the second left arm and the second right arm are positioned on the upright portion between the head portion and the first left arm and the first right arm.
Clause 247. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 246, wherein the upright portion comprises one or more slots configured to receive projection of a ground connection.
Clause 248. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 247, further comprising a feed point extending from a bottom edge of the upright portion.
Clause 249. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 248, wherein the head portion further comprises a first set of apertures located proximate to a top edge of the upright portion.
Clause 250. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 249, further comprising one or more additional low-band portions extending from the head portion or the upright portion and configured for low-band radiation.
Clause 251. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 250, wherein at least one of the upright portion and the head portion is configured to have multiple resonances that are odd multiples of a lowest low-band resonance.
Clause 252. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 251, wherein at least one of the first left arm, the first right arm, the second left arm, and the second right arm is configured to have multiple resonances that are even multiples of a lowest low-band resonance.
Clause 253. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 233 to 252, further comprising a ground connection, the ground connection comprising: a face plate configured to be coupled to a ground reference; a body portion configured to be coupled to the upright portion; and an arm portion extending between the face plate and the body portion.
Clause 254. The multi-band antenna of clause 253, wherein the body portion further comprises one or more tabs, the one or more tabs configured to be received within slots of the upright portion to electrically connect the ground connection to the upright portion.
Clause 255. The multi-band antenna of clause 254, wherein the one or more tabs are configured to be twisted once received within the slots of the upright portion to mechanically connect the ground connection to the upright portion.
Clause 256. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 253 to 255, wherein the arm portion has a smaller width than the body portion.
Clause 257. The multi-band antenna of any of clauses 253 to 256, wherein the arm portion extends from one side of a back side of the body portion such that a coaxial cable can extend past the arm portion and under the body portion when the coaxial cable is coupled to the upright portion.
Clause 258. The antenna assembly of clause 98, wherein the multi-band antenna comprises the multi-band antenna defined by any of clauses 208 to 232 or clauses 233 to 257.
Clause 259. The antenna assembly of clause 142, wherein the multi-band antenna comprises the multi-band antenna defined by any of clauses 208 to 232 or clauses 233 to 257.
Clause 260. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, further comprising one or more multi-band antenna defined by any of 208 to 232 or clauses 233 to 257.
Clause 261. The antenna assembly according to any one or more of the clauses herein, further comprising one or more millimeter wave radios configured for operation at frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz.
Clause 262. The antenna assembly of clause 261, wherein the one or more millimeter wave radios comprise slotted waveguide array millimeter wave radios, dipole array millimeter wave radios, microstrip patch array millimeter wave radios, or coplanar waveguide feed cylindrical dielectric resonator array millimeter wave radios.
Clause 263. An antenna assembly, comprising: a multi-element multi-band antenna coupled to a ground plane; and a plurality of impedance matching components coupled to one or more portions of the multi-element multi-band antenna and the ground plane.
Clause 264. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the multi-element multi-band antenna includes one or more radiating elements, each radiating element comprising an upright portion, a low band radiator portion, and one or more high band portions.
Clause 265. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein a first high band portion of one or more high band portions is coupled to a connecting portion extending from the upright portion.
Clause 266. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the connecting portion extends at a first angle from the upright portion, and wherein the first high band portion extends from the connecting portion in a substantially parallel direction relative to the ground plane.
Clause 267. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein each impedance matching component of the one or more impedance matching components is coupled to the upright portion and the ground plane, wherein the impedance matching component is positioned substantially perpendicular to the ground plane.
Clause 268. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly may be configured to produce a radiation pattern perpendicular to the ground plane.
Clause 269. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein a radiation pattern of the antenna assembly is either omni-directional or directional when the antenna assembly is configured in accordance with a desired radiation performance criterion.
Clause 270. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the multi-element multi-band antenna comprises at least one inverted F antenna.
Clause 271. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the antenna assembly is configured and adapted to have an operating frequency range of between about 450 MHz to about 8 GHz when used in conjunction with high order electromagnetic modes generated or received by a transceiver and/or a receiver.
Clause 272. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the one or more high band portions can be configured and adapted to be used for communication between about 1 GHz to about 8 GHz.
Clause 273. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the multi-element multi-band antenna can be configured and adapted to be used for communication between about 450 MHz to about 8 GHz.
Clause 274. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the one or more high band portions comprises two high band portions.
Clause 275. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein at least some of the multi-element multi-band antenna are constructed of one or more types of PCB material.
Clause 276. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the multi-element multi-band antenna is constructed substantially from sheet metal.
Clause 277. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the low band radiator portion extends substantially perpendicular from the upright portion.
Clause 278. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the upright portion has a greater width than height.
Clause 279. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the upright portion has a width to height ratio of 2:1 or greater.
Clause 280. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the upright portion includes one or more mounting features, the one or more mounting features configured to allow the upright portion to be coupled to the ground plane.
Clause 281. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein the upright portion includes a slot, the slot configured to receive the impedance matching component.
Clause 282. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, wherein a first radiating element of the one or more radiating elements is rotated at least 15-degrees from a second radiating element of the one or more radiating elements.
Clause 283. An antenna comprising: a ground plane; and one or more multi-band radiating elements electrically connected to the ground plane.
Clause 284. The antenna of clause 283, wherein the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprise a first radiating element, a second radiating element, a third radiating element, and a fourth radiating element.
Clause 285. The antenna of clause 284, wherein each of the first radiating element, the second radiating element, the third radiating element, and the fourth radiating element comprise a three-dimensional radiator portion and a grounding portion.
Clause 286. The antenna of clause 284 or clause 285, wherein the first radiating element is arrayed with the second radiating element to form a first element pair, and the third radiating element is arrayed with the fourth radiating element to form a second element pair.
Clause 287. The antenna of clause 284, wherein the first radiating element and the second radiating element are arrayed other.
Clause 288. The antenna assembly, according to any one or more of the clauses herein, further comprising a stacked patch antenna.
Clause 289. The antenna assembly of clause 288, wherein the stacked patch antenna comprises: a bottom patch element positioned above a ground plane with a first gap therebetween; and a top patch element positioned above the bottom patch element with a second gap therebetween.
Clause 290. The antenna assembly of clause 289, further comprising one or more support posts positioned between the ground plane and the bottom patch element, the one or more support posts supporting the bottom patch element above the ground plane.
Clause 291. The antenna assembly of clause 290, wherein the one or more support posts extend through the bottom patch element to support the top patch element above the bottom patch element.
Clause 292. The antenna assembly of clause 289 or clause 290, wherein the one or more support posts comprise a non-conductive material.
Clause 293. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 289 to 292, wherein the bottom patch element further comprises a bottom plate and a matching circuit, the matching circuit extending from the bottom plate in a plane defined by the bottom plate.
Clause 294. The antenna assembly of clause 293, wherein the matching circuit is T-shaped.
Clause 295. The antenna assembly of clause 293 or clause 294, wherein the ground plane comprises a microstrip transmission line extending from an attachment point to a feed post, the feed post comprising a conductive material, the feed post electrically connecting the matching circuit to the microstrip transmission line.
Clause 296. The antenna assembly of clause 295, wherein the attachment point is configured to allow a coaxial cable to connect the stacked patch antenna to a radio.
Clause 297. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 289 to 296, further comprising a conductive post, the conductive post extending between the ground plane and the top patch element through the bottom patch element, the conductive post electrically connecting the ground plane to the top patch element and the bottom patch element.
Clause 298. An antenna assembly, comprising: a base portion; a cover configured to be removably coupled to the base portion to define an internal volume, the cover comprising a support portion extending from a top side of the cover towards the base portion; a modem configured to be supported by the support portion; and a multi-band antenna housed within the internal volume.
Clause 299. The antenna assembly of clause 298, wherein the base portion comprises a ground plane.
Clause 300. The antenna assembly of clause 298, further comprising a ground plane supported by the base portion.
Clause 301. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298-300, further comprising a modem shell configured to house the modem, wherein the support portion supports the modem shell.
Clause 302. The antenna assembly of clause 301, wherein the modem shell is configured to be removably coupled to the support portion.
Clause 303. The antenna assembly of clause 301 or clause 302, wherein the modem shell comprises: a top cover; and a bottom cover, the top cover configured to be removably coupled to the bottom cover with the modem therebetween; wherein the top cover and the bottom cover comprise a plurality of slots, the plurality of slots configured to allow portions of the modem to be exposed to an external environment.
Clause 304. The antenna assembly of clause 303, wherein the modem shell further comprises one or more cutouts, the one or more cutouts configured to provide access to ports of the modem.
Clause 305. The antenna assembly of any of clause 298-304, wherein the cover include one or more vents, wherein the one or more vents are configured to promote heat exchange between internal components of the antenna assembly and a surrounding environment.
Clause 306. The antenna assembly of any of clause 298-305, wherein the support portion comprises a bottom portion configured to support the modem and one or more side walls, wherein at least one of the bottom portion and the one or more side walls includes a plurality of vents configured to promote heat exchange between the modem and the internal volume.
Clause 307. The antenna assembly of any of clause 298-306, wherein the multi-band antenna includes one or more multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 308. The antenna assembly of clause 307, wherein each multi-band radiating element of the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises: a feeding portion; a grounding portion; an upright low band radiation portion; a second low band radiation portion; and a high band radiation portion.
Clause 309. The antenna assembly of clause 307, wherein each multi-band radiating element of the one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises: a conductive sheet having a body portion with a front face, a head portion, a first left arm, and a first right arm; wherein the head portion angularly extends from the body portion; wherein the first left arm angularly extends from the body portion and the first right arm angularly extends from the body portion; and wherein the front face is configured as a first resonating component, the head portion is configured as a second resonating component, the first left arm is configured as a third resonating component, and the first right arm is configured a fourth resonating component.
Clause 310. The antenna assembly of clause 309, wherein at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use and at least one of the respective first, second, third, and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHz and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 311. The antenna assembly of clause 309 or clause 310, further comprising a second left arm that extends from the body portion and a second right arm that extends from the body portion.
Clause 312. The antenna assembly of clause 311, wherein the second left arm and the second right arm are coplanar to the front face.
Clause 313. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-312, wherein the body portion further comprises one or more slots configured to receive projections of an antenna connection.
Clause 314. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-313, wherein the conductive sheet has a thickness at or within 0.01 to 0.03 inches.
Clause 315. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-314, wherein the head portion is configured to angularly extend from the body portion at an angle at or within 89-91 degrees.
Clause 316. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-315, wherein the first left arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 317. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-316, wherein the first right arm angularly extends from a left side of the body portion at an angle at or within 79-81 degrees.
Clause 318. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-317, wherein at least one of the respective first and second resonating components is configured to resonate within a low frequency band of between 600 MHz and 700 MHz during use.
Clause 319. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-318, wherein at least one of the respective third and fourth resonating components is configured to resonate within a high frequency band of between 2.7 GHZ and 6.0 GHz during use.
Clause 320. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-319, further comprising a ground aperture located along a symmetry line of the body portion and configured to be electrically coupled to a ground reference.
Clause 321. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-320, further comprising a first set of apertures on the head portion and located proximate to an upper edge of the body portion.
Clause 322. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 309-321, wherein the first left arm comprises a first left arm portion and a second left arm portion and the first right arm comprises a first right arm portion and a second right arm portion, wherein the first left arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second left arm portion extends from the first right arm portion, wherein the first right arm portion is coupled to the front face and the second right arm portion extends from the first right arm portion.
Clause 323. The antenna assembly of clause 322, wherein the first right arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first right arm portion and the first left arm portion has a varying width along a length of the first left arm portion.
Clause 324. The antenna assembly of clause 322 or clause 323, wherein the second left arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second left arm portion and the second right arm portion has a consistent width along a length of the second right arm portion.
Clause 325. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298-324, wherein one or more multi-band radiating elements comprises between one and four multi-band radiating elements.
Clause 326. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298-325, wherein the multi-band antenna further comprises at least one dual-band WiFi radiator portion.
Clause 327. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298-326, wherein the base portion is configured to removably couple the antenna assembly to a vehicle.
Clause 328. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298-327, wherein the base portion is configured to receive a removable plate in a bottom surface thereof.
Clause 329. The antenna assembly of clause 328, wherein the removable plate is magnetically coupled to the bottom surface of the base portion.
Clause 330. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298-329, wherein the antenna assembly comprises one or more fans, blowers, or other similar devices for forced air convection.
Clause 331. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298-330, wherein the antenna assembly further comprises one or more internal walls, the one or more internal walls configured to provide partial or full isolation between the multi-band radiator portions and the modem.
Clause 332. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298-331, further comprising a first internal wall positioned between the base portion and the cover along a first side of the modem support portion within the internal volume and a second internal wall positioned between the base portion and the cover along a second side of the modem support portion within the internal volume.
Clause 333. The antenna assembly of clause 332, wherein the first internal wall defines a first flow channel between a first side wall of the modem support portion and the second internal wall defines a second flow channel between a second side wall of the modem support portion, the second side wall opposite the first side wall.
Clause 334. The antenna assembly of clause 333, wherein the first side wall and/or the second side wall include vents, channels, and/or other openings to allow fluid communication between modem support portion and the internal volume of the antenna assembly.
Clause 335. The antenna assembly clause 332 or clause 333, further comprising a first fan positioned within the first flow channel and a second fan positioned within the second flow channel, wherein the first and second fans can induce fluid (e.g., air) flow along the two channels to provide cooling to the modem and/or other components and systems.
Clause 336. The antenna assembly of clause 335, wherein the antenna assembly is configured such that the air flow can contact the modem via the vents in the one or more side walls and via the slots in the modem shell.
Clause 337. The antenna assembly of clause 335, wherein the first flow channel and the second flow channel are configured to direct air flow from the fans inwardly towards the modem.
Clause 338. The antenna assembly of clause 337, wherein the first internal wall and/or the second internal wall include curved or angled portions that forces some fluid from the first and second fans towards the modem support portion.
Clause 339. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298 to 338, wherein the cover includes one or more cable routing ports to allow the modem to connect to an external system through the cover without removing the modem shell or the modem from the antenna assembly.
Clause 340. The antenna assembly any of clauses 298 to 339, wherein the antenna assembly further comprises a power source.
Clause 341. The antenna assembly of clause 340, wherein the power source comprises a battery, the battery configured to power the one or more fans and/or to provide power to the modem.
Clause 342. An antenna assembly of clause 341, wherein the battery is configured as a second power source for the modem.
Clause 343. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298 to 342, wherein the antenna assembly further comprises a battery, the battery housed within the base, wherein the base includes a recess for receiving the battery in a bottom side of the base and the recess is configured to be covered with a removable cover.
Clause 344. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 341 to 343, wherein the battery is configured as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for the modem and/or other components of the antenna assembly.
Clause 345. The antenna assembly of any of the clauses 341 to 344, further comprising a circuit system, the circuit system powered by the battery.
Clause 346. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298 to 345, further comprising a heating system.
Clause 347. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298 to 346, further comprising a circuit system, the circuit system configured to control the operations of the fans and the heating system.
Clause 348. The antenna assembly of clause 347, wherein the circuit system is configured to control the operation of the fans and the heating system without direct user control.
Clause 349. The antenna assembly of clause 348, further comprising one or more sensors that provide the circuit system with signals related to the internal or external environment of the antenna assembly.
Clause 350. The antenna assembly of any of clauses 298 to 349, wherein the antenna assembly has a modem that may be positioned within the modem shell with gaps or spaces between the modem and the walls defined by the top cover and the bottom cover; wherein a gap may extend between the sides walls of the modem and the side walls of the modem shell; wherein such a gap can provide increased air flow to the modem through the modem shell.
Features, materials, characteristics, or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, implementation, or example are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, implementation or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features or steps are mutually exclusive. The protection is not restricted to the details of any foregoing implementations. The protection extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
While certain implementations have been described, these implementations have been presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in some implementations, the actual steps taken in the processes illustrated or disclosed may differ from those shown in the figures. Depending on the implementation, certain of the steps described above may be removed, others may be added. For example, the actual steps or order of steps taken in the disclosed processes may differ from those shown in the figure. Depending on the implementation, certain of the steps described above may be removed, others may be added. Furthermore, the features and attributes of the specific implementations disclosed above may be combined in different ways to form additional implementations, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure includes certain implementations, examples and applications, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure extends beyond the specifically disclosed implementations to other alternative implementations or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof, including implementations which do not provide all of the features and advantages set forth herein. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited by the described implementations and may be defined by claims as presented herein or as presented in the future.
Conditional language, such as “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, or steps are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Likewise, the term “and/or” in reference to a list of two or more items, covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any one of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list. Further, the term “each,” as used herein, in addition to having its ordinary meaning, can mean any subset of a set of elements to which the term “each” is applied. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application.
Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y, or Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is not generally intended to imply that certain implementations require the presence of at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z.
Language of degree used herein, such as the terms “approximately,” “about,” “generally,” and “substantially” as used herein represent a value, amount, or characteristic close to the stated value, amount, or characteristic that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms “approximately”, “about”, “generally,” and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than 10% of, within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of the stated amount. As another example, in certain implementations, the terms “generally parallel” and “substantially parallel” refer to a value, amount, or characteristic that departs from exactly parallel by less than or equal to 15 degrees, 10 degrees, 5 degrees, 3 degrees, 1 degree, or 0.1 degree.
The present application claims priority benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/585,186, filed Sep. 25, 2023, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/647,436, filed May 14, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/653,697, filed May 30, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/679,582, filed Aug. 5, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/680,013, filed Aug. 6, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS, and is a continuation of PCT Application No. PCT/US2024/048461, filed Sep. 25, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS.” The present application also claims priority benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/637,247, filed Apr. 22, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS.” The present application also claims priority benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/638,330, filed Apr. 24, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/676,268, filed Jul. 26, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS.” The present application also claims priority benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/585,541, filed Sep. 26, 2023, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 18/894,607, filed Sep. 24, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS.” The present application also claims priority benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/540,335, filed Sep. 25, 2023, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/652,599, filed May 28, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS,” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/680,045, filed Aug. 6, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS, and is a continuation-in-part of PCT Application No. PCT/US2024/048229, filed Sep. 24, 2024, entitled “ANTENNA SYSTEMS.” All of the above-mentioned applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57 and made a part of this specification.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63585186 | Sep 2023 | US | |
| 63647436 | May 2024 | US | |
| 63653697 | May 2024 | US | |
| 63679582 | Aug 2024 | US | |
| 63680013 | Aug 2024 | US | |
| 63637247 | Apr 2024 | US | |
| 63638330 | Apr 2024 | US | |
| 63676268 | Jul 2024 | US | |
| 63585541 | Sep 2023 | US | |
| 63540335 | Sep 2023 | US | |
| 63652599 | May 2024 | US | |
| 63680045 | Aug 2024 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/US2024/048461 | Sep 2024 | WO |
| Child | 18896751 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 18894607 | Sep 2024 | US |
| Child | 18896751 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/US2024/048229 | Sep 2024 | WO |
| Child | 18896751 | US |
