Patent Grant
10784574
The present invention relates to the field of antennas, and in particular, to an antenna with improved electrical performance.
A front-to-rear ratio and cross polarization of an antenna are both important parameters for measuring antenna performance. The front-to-rear ratio of the antenna is a ratio of power flux density in a maximum radiation direction (0° as stipulated) of a main lobe to maximum power flux density near (in a range of 180°±20° as stipulated) an opposite direction in an antenna directivity diagram. The front-to-rear ratio indicates back lobe suppression performance of the antenna. A relatively low front-to-rear ratio of the antenna causes interference to a back area of the antenna. The cross polarization of the antenna means that there is a component in a direction in which an electric field vector of a radiation far field of the antenna is orthogonal to a main polarization direction.
In the prior art, to achieve an effect of improving a front-to-rear ratio and cross-polarization isolation, a reflection panel is modified, for example, an area of the reflection panel is increased, or complexity of an edge structure of the reflection panel is improved. However, an increase in a size of the reflection panel correspondingly increases a cross-sectional area of an antenna, and improvement on the complexity of the edge structure of the reflection panel increases processing difficulty and product costs.
A technical problem to be resolved by the present invention is to provide an antenna, which can improve a front-to-rear ratio and cross-polarization isolation without changing a structure of a reflection panel.
To resolve the foregoing technical problem, a technical solution used in the present invention is an antenna, including an antenna element and a reflection panel. The antenna element is disposed on the reflection panel. The antenna further includes a wave-absorbing material layer. The wave-absorbing material layer is disposed on one side of an outer surface, back to the antenna element, of the reflection panel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to the outer surface, back to the antenna element, of the reflection panel; or the wave-absorbing material layer is disposed on the outer surface, back to the antenna element, of the reflection panel with a spacing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the antenna further includes a radome, the antenna element and the reflection panel are disposed in the radome, and the wave-absorbing material layer is disposed between the radome and the reflection panel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the reflection panel has a base panel, a first side panel, and a second side panel; locations of the first side panel and the second side panel are opposite to each other; the antenna element is disposed on the base panel; the radome encloses at least the base panel, the first side panel, and the second side panel; and the wave-absorbing material layer is disposed at least between the radome and the first side panel and between the radome and the second side panel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to an outer surface, opposite to the radome, of the first side panel, and is attached to an outer surface, opposite to the radome, of the second side panel; or the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to an inner surface, opposite to the first side panel and the second side panel, of the radome.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the wave-absorbing material layer is further disposed between the radome and the base panel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to an outer surface, opposite to the radome, of the base panel; or the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to an inner surface, opposite to the base panel, of the radome.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the wave-absorbing material layer is combined with a metal layer, and the metal layer is disposed on the inner surface, opposite to the first side panel and the second side panel, of the radome.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the metal layer is further disposed on the inner surface, opposite to the base panel, of the radome.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there are a plurality of antenna elements that form an element array; the wave-absorbing material layer covers an outer surface of an area, on the reflection panel, that is corresponding to the element array; and layout of the wave-absorbing material layer is centered around the element array.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the wave-absorbing material layer includes a magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer and a conductive geometric structure layer combined with the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer, the conductive geometric structure layer is formed by a plurality of conductive geometric structure units that are arranged sequentially, each conductive geometric structure unit includes an unclosed ring-shaped conductive geometric structure, and two relatively parallel strip-shaped structures are disposed at an opening of the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure has more than one opening.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure is in a circular, oval, triangular, or polygonal shape.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a dielectric constant of the wave-absorbing material layer is 5-30, and magnetic permeability of the wave-absorbing material layer is 1-7.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the conductive geometric structure units are arranged in a form of a periodic array.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a metal layer is disposed on a surface of the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer is a wave-absorbing patch material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the conductive geometric structure units are attached to the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer or are embedded in the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer includes a base and an absorbing agent combined with the base.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the conductive geometric structure unit is in a shape having a circumcircle, and a diameter of the circumcircle is 1/20-⅕ of an electromagnetic wavelength in an operating frequency band free space.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an operating frequency of the wave-absorbing material layer is within a frequency band of 0.8-2.7 GHz, a thickness of the conductive geometric structure unit is greater than a skin depth, corresponding to the operating frequency band, of the conductive geometric structure unit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an operating frequency of the wave-absorbing material layer is within a frequency band of 0.8-2.7 GHz, and a thickness of the metal layer is greater than a skin depth, corresponding to the operating frequency band, of the metal layer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, line widths of the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure and the strip-shaped structure are both W, and 0.1 mm≤W≤1 mm.
In an embodiment of the present invention, thicknesses of the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure and the strip-shaped structure are both H, and 0.005 mm≤H≤0.05 mm.
Because the foregoing technical solutions are used in the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention can improve electrical performance of an antenna. Specific presentation is: The wave-absorbing material layer disposed on one side of the outer surface, back to the antenna element, of the reflection panel can absorb an electromagnetic wave that diffracts backward at an edge of the reflection panel of the antenna, so as to improve the front-to-rear ratio and the cross-polarization isolation of the antenna. In addition, a wave-absorbing material does not significantly increase additional costs of raw materials, and antenna installation is convenient, and does not increase difficulty with antenna assembly.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the wave-absorbing material layer includes the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer and the conductive geometric structure layer combined with the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer. The conductive geometric structure layer can absorb, in a centralized manner, electromagnetic waves at an operating frequency required by the wave-absorbing material layer, to facilitate absorption of the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer disposed below. In addition, the added metal layer reflects the absorbed electromagnetic waves to the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer for secondary absorption, to achieve a better wave-absorbing effect.
To make the objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, the following describes, in detail, specific implementations of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The following descriptions illustrate many specific details to help fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other manner different from a manner described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to specific embodiments disclosed below.
The embodiments of the present invention describe an antenna, which can improve performance such as a front-to-rear ratio and cross polarization, reduce backward interference for a system to which the antenna is applied, reduce transmit/receive interference, and improve a communication capacity.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, a wave-absorbing material is introduced into the antenna, to absorb an electromagnetic wave that diffracts backward at an edge of a reflection panel of the antenna, so as to avoid a structural change to the reflection panel of the antenna.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail.
The reflection panel 12 has a base panel 12a, a first side panel 12b, and a second side panel 12c. The first side panel 12b and the second side panel 12c are opposite to each other. The reflection panel 12 may further have a third side panel and a fourth side panel (not shown in the figure). The third side panel and the fourth side panel are opposite to each other. The third side panel is adjacent to the first side panel 12b and the second side panel 12c. The fourth side panel is also adjacent to the first side panel 12b and the second side panel 12c. For example, the first side panel 12b and the second side panel 12c may be in a regular rectangular shape, and the third side panel and the fourth side panel are in a shape obtained after a bevel is formed based on a rectangular shape. For example, one or more corners of the rectangular shape are cut, to form a beveled edge.
The antenna element 11 is disposed on the base panel 12a. In this embodiment, a form of the antenna element 11 and a manner of combining the antenna element 11 and the base panel 12a are not limited.
The radome 13 encloses at least the base panel 12a, the first side panel 12b, and the second side panel 12c of the reflection panel 12. In
Theoretically, the wave-absorbing material layer 14 may be disposed on an outer surface, back to the antenna element 11, of the reflection panel 12. In an embodiment in which the radome 13 is disposed, the wave-absorbing material layer 14 is disposed between the radome 13 and the first side panel 12b of the reflection panel 12 and between the radome 13 and the second side panel 12c, to achieve expected wave-absorbing performance.
In this embodiment, the wave-absorbing material layer 14 is attached to an outer surface, opposite to the radome 13, of the first side panel 12b, and is attached to an outer surface, opposite to the radome 13, of the second side panel 12c. In this embodiment, a manner of connecting the wave-absorbing material layer 14 to the reflection panel may include bonding and riveting.
A wave-absorbing material is an important functional composite material, is first applied to military affairs, and may reduce a radar cross section of a military target. With development of science and technology, an electronic component becomes increasingly integrated, small-sized, and high-frequency, and the wave-absorbing material is more widely applied in the civilian field, for example, used as a microwave anechoic chamber material, a component of a micro attenuator, or a microwave molding processing technology.
The wave-absorbing material is usually a composite material manufactured by mixing a base material and a wave-absorbing agent. The base material mainly includes a coating type, a ceramic type, a rubber type, and a plastic type. The wave-absorbing agent mainly includes an inorganic ferromagnetic substance, a ferromagnetic substance, a conducting polymer, a carbon-based material, and the like.
The wave-absorbing material may be a wave-absorbing metamaterial described in a first to a fourth preferred embodiments.
In this embodiment, parameters of the wave-absorbing material are: Vertical incident reflectivity R is less than −1 dB at 1 GHz and is less than −3 dB at 2 GHz. A dielectric constant is 5-30. Magnetic permeability is 1-7.
Regarding a coverage area, the wave-absorbing material layer 14 can cover an outer surface of an area, of the reflection panel, that includes an element array, and layout of the wave-absorbing material layer 14 is centered around the element array.
The reflection panel 22 has a base panel 22a, a first side panel 22b, and a second side panel 22c. The first side panel 22b and the second side panel 22c are opposite to each other. The reflection panel 22 may further have a third side panel and a fourth side panel (not shown in the figure). The third side panel and the fourth side panel are opposite to each other. The third side panel is adjacent to the first side panel 22b and the second side panel 22c. The fourth side panel is also adjacent to the first side panel 22b and the second side panel 22c. For example, the first side panel 22b and the second side panel 22c may be in a regular rectangular shape, and the third side panel and the fourth side panel are in a shape obtained after a bevel is formed based on a rectangular shape.
The antenna element 21 is disposed on the base panel 22a. In this embodiment, a form of the antenna element 21 and a manner of combining the antenna element 21 and the base panel 22a are not limited.
The radome 23 encloses at least the base panel 22a, the first side panel 22b, and the second side panel 22c of the reflection panel 22. In
Theoretically, the wave-absorbing material layer 24 may be disposed on an outer surface, back to the antenna element 21, of the reflection panel 22. In an embodiment in which the radome 23 is disposed, the wave-absorbing material layer 24 is disposed between the radome 23 and the first side panel 22b of the reflection panel 22 and between the radome 23 and the second side panel 22c, to achieve expected wave-absorbing performance.
In this embodiment, the wave-absorbing material layer 24 is attached to the radome 23, and is located on an inner surface, opposite to the first side panel 22b and the second side panel 22c, of the radome 23. To achieve a better effect, the wave-absorbing material layer 24 is further located on an inner surface, opposite to the base panel 22a, of the radome 23. Herein, a manner of connecting the wave-absorbing material layer 24 to the radome 23 may include bonding or riveting. Alternatively, a surface of a bonding part of the radome 23 and the wave-absorbing material layer 24 may be metalized before the wave-absorbing material layer 24 is bonded. A groove may be provided inside the radome 23, to place a wave-absorbing material.
The wave-absorbing material may be a wave-absorbing metamaterial described in a first to a fourth preferred embodiments.
In this embodiment, parameters of the wave-absorbing material are: Vertical incident reflectivity R is less than −1 dB at 1 GHz and is less than −3 dB at 2 GHz. A dielectric constant is 5-30. Magnetic permeability is 1-7.
Regarding a coverage area, the wave-absorbing material layer 24 can cover an outer surface of an area, of the reflection panel, that includes an element array, and layout of the wave-absorbing material layer 24 is centered around the element array.
The reflection panel 32 has a base panel 32a, a first side panel 32b, and a second side panel 32c. The first side panel 32b and the second side panel 32c are opposite to each other. The reflection panel 32 may further have a third side panel and a fourth side panel (not shown in the figure). The third side panel and the fourth side panel are opposite to each other. The third side panel is adjacent to the first side panel 32b and the second side panel 32c. The fourth side panel is also adjacent to the first side panel 32b and the second side panel 32c. For example, the first side panel 32b and the second side panel 32c may be in a regular rectangular shape, and the third side panel and the fourth side panel are in a shape obtained after a bevel is formed based on a rectangular shape.
The antenna element 31 is disposed on the base panel 32a. In this embodiment, a form of the antenna element 31 and a manner of combining the antenna element 31 and the base panel 32a are not limited.
The radome 33 encloses at least the base panel 32a, the first side panel 32b, and the second side panel 32c of the reflection panel 32. In
Theoretically, the wave-absorbing material layer 34 may be disposed on an outer surface, back to the antenna element 31, of the reflection panel 32. In an embodiment in which the radome 33 is disposed, the wave-absorbing material layer 34 is disposed between the radome 33 and the first side panel 32b of the reflection panel 32 and between the radome 33 and the second side panel 32c, to achieve expected wave-absorbing performance.
In this embodiment, the wave-absorbing material layer 34 is combined with a metal layer 35, and the metal layer 35 is located on an inner surface, opposite to the first side panel 32b and the second side panel 32c, of the radome 33. To achieve a better effect, the metal layer 35 is further located on an inner surface, opposite to the base panel 32a, of the radome 33. Herein, a manner of connecting the wave-absorbing material layer 34 to the metal layer 35 may include bonding and riveting. A manner of connecting the metal layer 35 to the radome 33 may include bonding and riveting. A groove may be provided inside the radome 33, to place the metal layer 35 and the wave-absorbing material layer 34. The metal layer may be, for example, copper foil.
A wave-absorbing material may be a wave-absorbing metamaterial described in a first to a fourth preferred embodiments.
In this embodiment, parameters of the wave-absorbing material are: Vertical incident reflectivity R is less than −1 dB at 1 GHz and is less than −3 dB at 2 GHz. A dielectric constant is 5-30. Magnetic permeability is 1-7.
Regarding a coverage area, the wave-absorbing material layer 34 can cover an outer surface of an area, of the reflection panel, that includes an element array, and layout of the wave-absorbing material layer 34 is centered around the element array.
In the following, a grid is formed by lines connecting adjacent nodes, where a center of a conductive geometric structure unit is used as a node. The grid is used to describe layout regularity of conductive geometric structure units.
As shown in
The conductive geometric structure units 1 may be fastened to the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer 2 by using a thin film or by means of patching, or may be embedded in the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer 2. The magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer 2 may be fastened to the metal layer 3 by means of bonding or in another manner.
A TE wave is a transverse wave in an electromagnetic wave. As shown in
A TM wave is a longitudinal wave in an electromagnetic wave. As shown in
Component numbers and partial content of the foregoing embodiments are still used in this embodiment. A same number is used to represent a same or similar component, and descriptions of same technical content are selectively omitted. For descriptions of an omitted part, refer to the foregoing embodiments. Details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Component numbers and partial content of the foregoing embodiments are still used in this embodiment. A same number is used to represent a same or similar component, and descriptions of same technical content are selectively omitted. For descriptions of an omitted part, refer to the foregoing embodiments. Details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Component numbers and partial content of the foregoing embodiment are still used in this embodiment. A same number is used to represent a same or similar component, and descriptions of same technical content are selectively omitted. For descriptions of an omitted part, refer to the foregoing embodiments. Details are not repeatedly described in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the wave-absorbing metamaterial in the third preferred embodiment or a wave-absorbing metamaterial similar to that in the third preferred embodiment is used. As shown in
As shown in
In the prior art, for a case in which “an electromagnetic wave is severely reflected on a surface of a wave-absorbing material, thereby degrading absorption of the electromagnetic wave, and reflection is severer under a condition of large-angle incidence”, usually, a plurality of layers of wave-absorbing materials are used in the industry, or a gradient electromagnetic parameter change is implemented in a wave-absorbing material, to implement better impedance matching and reduce surface reflection. However, multi-layer wave absorbing brings an increase in product surface density, more installation space is required, and complexity of production, manufacturing, and inspection increases. Process complexity of a gradient-changing wave-absorbing material increases, increasing difficulty with process control and usually causing degradation in product consistency.
In the foregoing embodiment, the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure in the conductive geometric structure unit is equivalent to an inductor L in a circuit, the two relatively parallel strip-shaped structures are equivalent to a capacitor C in the circuit, and the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure and the strip-shaped structures are combined to form an LC circuit.
A beneficial effect of the present invention is to improve electrical performance of an antenna, which is specifically indicated by a front-to-rear ratio and cross-polarization isolation.
The embodiments of the present invention further have the following advantages: The wave-absorbing metamaterial and a conducting material such as copper foil for manufacturing the conductive geometric structure in the metamaterial do not significantly cause an increase in costs of raw materials; and installation is convenient, and antenna assembly difficulty is not increased. In the embodiments in which the wave-absorbing metamaterial is used, environmental adaptability of the wave-absorbing metamaterial is superior to that of a conventional wave-absorbing material.
The embodiments of the present invention may be applied to directional coverage products such as a base station antenna, a Wi-Fi antenna, an electronic toll collection ETC antenna. When the embodiments are applied to the mobile communications and wireless coverage fields, performance such as a front-to-rear ratio and cross polarization of an antenna product are improved, backward interference of a system is reduced, transmit/receive interference is reduced, a communication capacity is improved, and so on. Improvement on the front-to-rear ratio improves forward coverage of the antenna, and reduces interference of backward coverage. This is especially advantageous in an urban mobile communications and wireless coverage environment. Improvement on cross-polarization isolation can reduce interference of a transmit antenna on a receive antenna, because there may be orthogonal polarization between the transmit antenna and the receive antenna. Improvement on cross polarization may further improve a communication capacity.
Although the present invention is described with reference to the current specific embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art should be aware that the foregoing embodiments are merely used to describe the present invention, and various equivalent modifications or replacements may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, modifications and variations made to the foregoing embodiments within the essential spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the claims of this application.
This application is a continuation of PCT/CN2017/076109 filed on Mar. 9, 2017, which claims priority to CN 201610149417.3 filed Mar. 16, 2016, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | PCT/CN2017/076109 | Mar 2017 | US |
| Child | 16121662 | US |
