The invention generally relates to floor mats or pads, and more particularly relates to an anti-fatigue rug and cushioning member combination.
Rugs, because of comfort, texture, appearance and warmth, are desired in many situations in a home, office, shop or other location. Typical underlayment for rugs can provide limited cushioning. Conventionally, such underlayment has been problematic because the rug can move or slip with respect to the underlayment. This underlayment is also limited in that it fails to provide adequate cushion to serve for anti-fatigue.
Anti-fatigue mats or pads of resilient foam or the like are now available. Although quality and grade of these mats varies widely, the mats typically have presented an underside and topside of slick plastic or polymer. The conventional mats have not served as underlayment for rugs, at least in part because the typical rug would slide, curl, bunch or otherwise displace from the mat.
It would, therefore, be a significant improvement in the art and technology to provide an ergonomic, anti-fatigue mat combined with a separable rug which is retained from shifting in respect to the mat. It would be a further improvement to provide an anti-fatigue mat that is water-resistant, and a rug that is stylish, more natural, and removable. It would also be an improvement to provide the rug and pad with wash-ability for cleaning and the like, as well as renewable or non-destructible engagements between the rug and the pad and the rug and floor, for restricting movement of the rug on the pad and floor.
An embodiment of the invention is a system for a floor including a rug, loops connected to the rug, and hooks connected to the floor. In non-exclusive alternatives, the system additionally includes a sticky gel embedding the hooks.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is a system including a pad having a top of a high-friction surface and a bottom of a slip-resistant surface and a rug for friction engagement with the top of the pad and a connector of the rug to the floor.
Another embodiment of the invention is a system including a pad, a high-friction surface connected to the pad, a slip-resistant surface connected to the pad, and a rug engageable with the high-friction surface and a connector of the rug to the floor.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is a method. The method includes molding a foam pad with lead-in slope and central planar surface on a top of the pad and a generally smooth planar surface on a bottom of the pad, blanketing the foam pad with a water-resistant outer layer, forming a high-friction surface on the top of the pad, and providing a slip-resistant surface on the bottom of the pad.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying figures, in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which:
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An underside of the rug 104 connects to the high-traction surface 106 of the pad 102, to inhibit the rug 104 from displacement with respect to the pad 102. The slip-resistant surface 110 of the pad 102 inhibits the rug 104 and pad 102 combination from sliding or moving along a floor 114 or generally planar support on which the combination is located. The rug 104 includes a top 111 that is aesthetically pleasing or otherwise designed. A bottom 113 of the rug 104 includes woven textile and, if applicable, backing. The rug 104, in non-exclusive embodiment, is sized larger than the pad 102, such that corners and edges of the rug 104 contact the floor 114 when places onto the pad 102.
The pad 102 has a texture on the top side 108 to provide the high-traction surface 106. A non-exclusive example of the high-traction surface 106 of the top side 108 of the pad 102 includes a high tack coating. The bottom side 112 of the pad 102 includes the slip-resistant surface 110 such as, for non-exclusive example, a rubberized or polymer surface. In non-exclusive embodiments, the foam cushion of the pad 102 is partially or fully wrapped in a vinyl or other material providing the slip-resistant surface 110 and water-resistance and the high-traction surface 106 of the top side 108 of the pad 102 is an applied texture to the wrap.
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The rug 104 is then located atop and on the pad 102, with perimeter of the rug 104 extending at or beyond lateral extents of the pad 102. The underside of the rug 104 contacts the high-traction surface 106 of the pad 102. In non-exclusive embodiments which include sticky gel 202, such as located at corners of the rug 104 or periphery of the rug 104, the sticky gel 202 contacts and removably adheres to the floor 114 or other surface.
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The top side 108 of the pad 102 includes the high-traction surface 106. The high-traction surface 106 may be, as non-exclusive example, a roughed, ridged, figured, tacky or other outwardly displaced surface. In non-exclusive examples, the surface 106 includes a high tackiness. The surface 106 may be formed, for example, by coating the vinyl or other wrap of the foam cushion of the pad 102, with application of high tack coating or other tacky or configured material to the vinyl or other wrap.
The bottom side 112 of the pad 102 includes the slip-resistant surface 110. The slip-resistant surface 110 may be, as non-exclusive example, polymer surface, a rubber component or composition, or other surface capable of preventing slide or skid of the pad 102 on the floor 114 or other surface. In non-exclusive embodiments, the surface 110 includes a vinyl wrap partially or fully around the foam cushion of the pad 102. The surface 110 may be formed, for example, by partially or fully encasing the foam cushion of the pad 102 in the vinyl or other wrap which may be employed as a fabric enveloping the pad 102, formed around the pad 102, molded on the pad 102, or otherwise.
The rug 104 includes a top 111 of a textured, shagged or other surface of a typical rug, including but not limited to a fine quality rug. As non-exclusive example, the rug is a high-quality polyester material, with serged or bound edges for superior finish, and is stain-resistant and machine washable. The rug 104 includes a bottom 113 of woven textile and, if applicable, backing. The high-traction surface 106 of the pad 102 creates friction between the rug 104 and the pad 102, in order to stabilize and maintain the rug 104 in position atop the pad 102 and prevent slide or shift.
Although not necessarily included in all embodiments, one or more combination Velcro™-style fastener and sticky gel pad 202a, 202b can be fixed to the bottom 113 of the rug 104, such as at corners or periphery of the rug 104. The sticky gel pad 202a, 202b provides further tack of the rug 104 to the floor 114 and restricts movement on the pad 102. The combination Velcro™-style fastener and sticky gel pad 202a or 202b may be affixed to the bottom 113 of the rug 104 at virtually any location, such as, for example, at corners of the rug 104, along about periphery of the rug 104, or in other locations as desired in the implementation.
A variety of options may be possible for fixing or attaching the sticky gel pad 202a, 202b to the bottom 113 of the rug 104. As non-exclusive example, the loop side of a Velcro™-style fastener 202a may be sewn or stitched into the rug 104, such as, for example, into the edge binding of the rug 104. The hook side of a Velcro™-style fastener 202b can be molded into a sticky gel pad 202b. Other possibilities include attachment of the pad 202a, 202b by fastener, snap, connector, buckle, wedge, glue, or other. The attachment may include a combination of elements, or a single element.
According to certain non-exclusive embodiments, sticky gel pads 202a, 202b are employed with Velcro™-type hook and loop fasteners. The Velcro™-type hook and loop fasteners may be integrated in the combination Velcro™-style fastener and sticky gel pads 202a, 202b or otherwise. The pads 202a, 202b with hook and loop fastener components may be attached to the rug 104 in a variety of manners, such as glue, stitch or other.
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The first element 802 can be disengaged from the second element 804 by lifting the rug 104 from the pad 102. For example, the rug 104 may be removed for cleaning or transfer to another location. The pad 102 may similarly be picked up and moved as desired or, if the rug 104 is for cleaning but the location should remain, the pad 102 may be left in place when the rug 104 is removed. Similarly, the second element 804 may be removed from the floor 114 or surface or, else, may be retained in place when the rug 104 is removed. When the second element 804 including sticky gel is retained with the rug 104, laundering or other cleaning of the rug 104 can clean and restore the stickiness of the sticky gel 816 of the second element 804. Because the loops 808 are engaged with the hooks 814 of the second element, the first element 802 is less likely to catch on other fabrics or items during laundering or movement of the rug 104.
Although any of a wide variety of fasteners are possible in embodiments, the particular system 800, 900 for operating as such fastener can be desirable to maintain the rug 104 and, consequently, the pad 102 in place on a floor or surface. The second element 804 is attached to the floor 114, and the first element 802 is attached to the rug 104. In the system 900, which is a non-exclusive embodiment, the first element 802 and the second element 804 are connected to the rug 104 and the floor 114, respectively. The first element 802 is in close proximity to the second element 804, but is not connected as would be applicable for the rug 104 and floor 114 combination in use.
In certain non-exclusive embodiments of the system 800, 900, the first element 802, and thus the rug 104, is selectively removable from connection to the second element 804, and consequently the floor 114 and pad 102. Embodiments include all possible arrangements and configurations of the first element 802 and the second element 804.
As non-exclusive example, the first element 802 includes a strip of piece of Velcro™, such as, for example, a loop segment of loops 808 of a Velcro™ connector. In the exemplary non-exclusive embodiment of the system 800, 900, a corresponding second element 804 includes a connecting piece of Velcro™, such as, for example, a hook segment of hooks 814 of a Velcro™ connector. The Velcro™ connectors can be employed with or without sticky gel according to certain non-exclusive embodiments.
In certain non-exclusive embodiments and alternatives, the first element 802 may be combined with a sticky gel pad. The sticky gel pad may be formed on the first element 802 so that the loops 808 are at least partially blanketed by the pad. The second element 804 may also be formed with a sticky gel pad, or not as desired. In any such embodiments, the Velcro™ connector, in combination with one or more sticky gel pad, removably attaches the rug 104 to the floor and retains the rug 104 on the pad 102.
In use of the foregoing embodiments, the pad is placed in desired location on a floor or other surface. The rug is then positioned on the pad. The high-traction surface of top of the pad limits the rug from moving on the pad, and the slip-resistant surface of bottom of the pad restricts the pad from sliding or shifting on the floor or other surface. If the embodiment includes fasteners for the rug and/or pad, such as sticky gel pads, Velcro™ connector, combinations of these, or other fasteners, restrictors or engagements, these fasteners are engaged between the rug and the floor, or even possibly the pad, as applicable. The fasteners further restrict the rug from shift on the floor and pad, trap the pad in connection to and within perimeter of the rug, and resist natural tendency of the rug to lift, curl or otherwise become potential hazard.
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An underside of the rug 104 connects to the high-traction surface 106 of the pad 102, to inhibit the rug 104 from displacement with respect to the pad 102. The slip-resistant surface 110 of the pad 102 inhibits the rug 104 and pad 102 combination from sliding or moving along a floor 114 or generally planar support on which the combination is located. The rug 104 includes a top 111 (not shown) that is aesthetically pleasing or otherwise designed. A bottom 113 of the rug 104 includes woven textile and, if applicable, backing.
The pad 102 has a texture on the top side 108 to provide the high-traction surface 106. A non-exclusive example of the high-traction surface 106 of the top side 108 of the pad 102 includes a high tack coating. The bottom side 112 of the pad 102 includes the slip-resistant surface 110 such as, for non-exclusive example, a generally smooth polymer surface. In non-exclusive embodiments, the foam cushion of the pad 102 is partially or fully wrapped in a vinyl providing the slip-resistant surface 110 and water proofing and the high-traction surface 106 of the top side 108 of the pad 102 is an applied texture to the wrap.
According to certain non-exclusive embodiments, sticky gel 1002 or other removable adherent or connector, with or without additional hook and loop fasteners, is located around perimeter of the rug 104 on the underside 113. This sticky gel 1002 or other connector contacts the floor or other surface (not shown) around the pad 102 placed thereon. The sticky gel 1002 or other connector may be sewn in or otherwise fixed to the underside 113 of the rug 104, such as, for non-exclusive example, by stitches 602 of a serge or border edge of the rug 104. In such non-exclusive embodiments, the sticky gel 1002 serves added function of creating a substantially water impermeable ring fixture around the rug 104 and pad 102.
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According to certain non-exclusive embodiments, one or more fastener, for non-exclusive example, sticky gel 1102, with or without additional hook and loop or other fasteners, is located on the high-traction surface 106 of the pad 102. As non-exclusive example, the sticky gel 1102 (and, if applicable, hook and loop fastener) is located at corners of the top side 108 of the pad 102, or around edges or periphery of the pad 102, or otherwise. In such embodiments, the sticky gel 1102 (and, if applicable, hook and loop fastener) in combination with the high-traction surface 106 keep the rug 104 from slipping on the pad 102, trap the pad 102 within perimeter of the rug 104, and resist natural tendency of the rug 104 with stiff corners to lift or curl and become trip hazard and the like.
In the case of hook and loop fasteners, a counterpart, such as the hook portion, is located on the high-traction surface 106 of the pad, and a second counterpart, such as the loop portion, is located on the underside of the rug 104 in corresponding position. As non-exclusive example, the sticky gel 1102 (and, if applicable, hook and loop fastener) is located at corners of the top side 108 of the pad 102, or around edges or periphery of the pad 102, or otherwise. In such embodiments, the sticky gel 1102 (and, if applicable, hook and loop fastener) in combination with the high-traction surface 106 keep the rug 104 from slipping on the pad 102, trap the pad 102 within perimeter of the rug 104, and resist natural tendency of the rug 104 with stiff corners to lift or curl and become trip hazard and the like.
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The top side 108 of the pad 102 includes the high-traction surface 106. The high-traction surface 106 may be, as non-exclusive example, a roughed, ridged, figured, tacky or other outwardly displaced surface. In non-exclusive examples, the surface 106 includes a high tackiness. The surface 106 may be formed, for example, by coating the vinyl or other wrap of the foam cushion of the pad 102, with application of high tack coating or other tacky or configured material to the vinyl or other wrap.
The bottom side 112 of the pad 102 includes the slip-resistant surface 110. The slip-resistant surface 110 may be, as non-exclusive example, a slick polymer surface, a rubber component or composition, or other surface capable of preventing slide or skid of the pad 102 on the floor 114 or other surface. In non-exclusive embodiments, the surface 110 includes a vinyl wrap around the foam cushion of the pad 102. The surface 110 may be formed, for example, by encasing the foam cushion of the pad 102 in the vinyl or other wrap which may be employed as a fabric enveloping the pad 102, formed around the pad 102, molded on the pad 102, or otherwise.
The rug 104 includes a top 111 of a textured, shagged or other surface of a typical rug, including but not limited to a fine quality rug. As non-exclusive example, the rug is a high-quality polyester material, with bound or serged edges for superior finish, and is stain-resistant and machine washable. The rug 104 includes a bottom 113 of woven textile and, if applicable, backing. The high-traction surface 106 of the pad 102 creates friction between the rug 104 and the pad 102, in order to stabilize and maintain the rug 104 in position atop the pad 102 and prevent slide or shift.
One or more sticky gel pad 1102a, 1102b can be fixed to the top side 108 of the pad 102, such as on or integrated in the high-traction surface 106. The sticky gel pad 1102a, 1102b provides further tack of the rug 104 to the pad 102. The sticky gel pad 1102a or 1102b may be affixed to the top side 108 at virtually any location, such as, for example, at corners of the pad 102, along about periphery of the pad 102, or in other locations as desired in the implementation.
According to certain non-exclusive embodiments, sticky gel pads 1102a, 1102b (or as otherwise affixed to the pad 102) are employed with Velcro-type hook and loop fasteners. The Velcro-type hook and loop fasteners may be attached to the pad 102 in a variety of manners, such as glue, stitch or other. Likewise, attachment of the corresponding hook and loop fasteners to the rug 104 may be in any of a wide variety of manners, including, as non-exclusive example, glue, stitch, or other.
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In the non-exclusive embodiment, the system 1400, 1500 includes a two part fastener 1502, 1504 connected to the rug 104 by a first connector 1504 and to the pad 102 by a second connector 1502. The first connector 1504 is connected to the rug 104 in correspondence with the second connector 1502 and its location on the pad 102, such that the first connector 1504 connects to the second connector 1502 when the rug 104 is positioned atop the pad 102.
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In the system 1600, the first piece 1602, and thus the rug 104, is selectively removable from connection to the second piece 1604, and consequently the pad 102. Embodiments include all possible arrangements and configurations of the first piece 1602 and the second piece 1604. As non-exclusive example, the first piece 1602 includes a strip 1609 of a piece of Velcro™, such as, for example, a loop segment of loops 1608 of a Velcro™ connector. In the exemplary non-exclusive embodiment of the system 1600, a corresponding section 1610 of a connecting piece of Velcro™, such as, for example, a hook segment of hooks 1612 of a Velcro™ connector.
In certain non-exclusive embodiments and alternatives, the section 1610 may be combined with a sticky gel pad 1614. The sticky gel pad 614 may be formed on the section 1610 so that the hooks 1612 are at least partially blanketed by the pad 1614. In such embodiments, the Velcro™ connector (the first piece 1602 and the second piece 1604), in combination with the sticky gel pad 1614, removably attaches the rug 104 to the pad 102. Similarly, although not necessary in embodiments, the section 1609 may be integrated or otherwise combined with a sticky gel pad 1606, for removable connection to the section 1610 and sticky gel pad 1614.
In use of the foregoing embodiments, the pad is placed in desired location on a floor or other surface. The rug is then positioned on the pad. The high-traction surface of top of the pad limits the rug from moving on the pad, and the slip-resistant surface of bottom of the pad restricts the pad from sliding or shifting on the floor or other surface. If the embodiment includes fasteners for the rug and/or pad, such as sticky gel pads, Velcro™ connector, combinations of these, or other fasteners, restrictors or engagements, these fasteners are engaged between the rug and the pad, as applicable. The fasteners further restrict the rug from shift on the pad, trap the pad in connection to and within perimeter of the rug, and resist natural tendency of the rug to lift, curl or otherwise become potential hazard.
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Once the foam pad is formed 1702, an outer layer may be configured 1704 on the foam pad. The outer layer may be, for non-exclusive example, a rubber, vinyl or other sheet or blanket that is connected to or manufactured for conformance to the outer surface of the foam pad. This outer layer renders the pad waterproof or water-resistant, as the foam cushion of the pad could otherwise absorb moisture (and potentially mildew, harbor bacteria and so forth) if spilled or otherwise subjected to the pad. The outer layer may also, but need not necessarily, provide the slip-resistant surface on bottom of the pad. The outer layer of the top of the pad provides a surface for further preparation. In certain no-exclusive alternatives, steps 1702 and 1704 may be combined by inserting the outer layer in the mold.
To the outer layer of the top of the pad is applied 1706 or otherwise formed the high-traction surface. According to certain non-exclusive embodiments, the high-traction surface includes a sprayed film or coating of material to the outer layer of the top of the pad. A non-exclusive example of such material includes high tack coating, although a wide variety of other materials and application processes are possible. The high-traction surface provides a high-friction connection between the rug and the pad, when the rug is placed in contact on the high-traction surface.
According to certain non-exclusive embodiments, a combination of Velcro-style fasteners and sticky gel pads, such as, for non-exclusive example, conforming generally to corners of the rug, are provided 1708. The combination of Velcro-style fasteners and sticky gel pads may be stitched 1710 or otherwise connected to corners of the rug where the rug extends beyond the pad. Sticky gel adhesive properties can be tuned as desired, from semi-active to very aggressive tack, in addition to amounts of such gel can be varied, each for desired effect. The fasteners can allow for the rug to be removed from the pad, and for the rug and pad to be cleaned by washing or otherwise. Machine wash of the pad with sticky gel will revive the tackiness of the sticky gel.
In certain non-exclusive embodiments, fasteners may include both Velcro™ type connectors and sticky gel connectors. In the examples, the Velcro™ loops are sewed or otherwise attached to the rug in desired location, such as at corners or perimeter of underside of the rug. In non-exclusive alternatives, Velcro™ hooks, either alone or molded into sticky gel pads, may correspond to Velcro™ loops connectors attached to the rug. These may be adhered, removably or otherwise, to a floor or other surface for connection to corresponding connector of the rug. The Velcro™ and sticky gel, in combination with the high-traction surface, allows for good retention of the rug to the floor and pad, and where sticky gel is included and if attached to the rug around perimeter, may serve as water seal. In certain non-exclusive alternatives, the rug and attachment method may be used with the pad.
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Once the foam pad is formed 1802, an outer layer may be configured 1804 on the foam pad. The outer layer may be, for non-exclusive example, a rubber, vinyl or other sheet or blanket that is connected to or manufactured for conformance to the outer surface of the foam pad. This outer layer renders the pad water-resistant, as the foam cushion of the pad could otherwise absorb moisture (and potentially mildew, harbor bacteria and so forth) if spilled or otherwise subjected to the pad. The outer layer provides the slip-resistant surface on bottom of the pad. The outer layer of the top of the pad provides a surface for further preparation. In certain non-exclusive alternatives, steps 1803 and 1804 may be combined by inserting the outer layer into the mold.
To the outer layer of the top of the pad is applied 1806 or otherwise formed the high-traction surface. According to certain non-exclusive embodiments, the high-traction surface includes a sprayed film or coating of material to the outer layer of the pad. A non-exclusive example of such material includes high tack coating, although a wide variety of other materials and application processes are possible. The high-traction surface provides a high-friction connection between the rug and the pad, when the rug is placed in contact on the high-traction surface.
According to certain non-exclusive embodiments, fasteners may be provided 1808 on the high-traction surface of the pad, and if and as applicable, on corresponding underside of the rug. If the fasteners include a Velcro™ type connector, opposing pieces of loops, on the one hand, and hooks, on the other hand, are connected to the rug and pad. If the fasteners include a sticky gel type connector molded into the Velcro™ type connector, the sticky gel can be provided to the high-traction surface of the pad in desired location, such as, for example, corners of the pad, along edges of the pad, and otherwise. Similarly, such fasteners may include a sticky gel type connector molded in the Velcro™ type connector attached 1812 to the rug. Sticky gel adhesive properties can be tuned as desired, from semi-active to very aggressive tack, in addition to amounts of such gel can be varied, each for desired effect. The fasteners can allow for the rug to be removed from the pad, and for the rug and pad to be cleaned by washing or otherwise. Machine wash of the pad with sticky gel will revive the tackiness of the sticky gel.
In the case of hook and loop fasteners, a counterpart, such as the hook portion, is located on the high-traction surface 106 of the pad, and a second counterpart, such as the loop portion, is located on the underside of the rug 104 in corresponding position. As non-exclusive example, the sticky gel (and, if applicable, hook and loop fastener) is located at corners of the top side 108 of the pad 102, or around edges or periphery of the pad 102, or otherwise. In such embodiments, the sticky gel (and, if applicable, hook and loop fastener) in combination with the high-traction surface 106 keep the rug 104 from slipping on the pad 102, trap the pad 102 within perimeter of the rug 104, and resist natural tendency of the rug 104 with stiff corners to lift or curl and become trip hazard and the like. In certain non-exclusive alternatives, the rug and attachment method may be used without the pad.
As will be understood, wide variation is possible in the foregoing embodiments. Various engagements between rug and pad are possible to prevent slip, shift, and allow for desired separability of the rug from the pad. Where sticky gel is employed, the gel can be revived if grip diminishes. Further, sticky gel together with Velcro™ fasteners can protect the loop and hook pieces of the fasteners from exposure during machine washing and the like. Also, sticky gel allows the rug to be removed from the pad without movement of the pad which is retained with the slip-resistant surface of the pad on the floor or other surface.
In other alternatives, a plastic corner piece may be added to the rug, and sticky gel would stick well to smooth plastic. Other alternatives include that the rug is a textile rug top wear surface with a bottom or backing that is high-friction, that sticky gel is applied to the rug corners, that the sticky gel is molded into, sewn in, glued on, or otherwise attached to the rug, and/or that sticky gel is applied to entire perimeter or other portions of the rug. The sticky gel can additionally or alternatively be used on the high-friction surface of the pad, at corners of the pad, on entire perimeter or other portions of the pad, or otherwise, including that sticky gel may be employed on bottom of the pad to enhance the slip-resistance of the pad. The pad, itself, may be foam, gel, a combination of foam and gel, layers, segments, sections and other configurations.
If Velcro™ hooks are included, these may be attached to the floor or other surface or else molded into the foam, outer layer, or other portion of the pad, as applicable, and corresponding portion of the rug could include Velcro™ loops. The connectors or fasteners between pad and rug may be widely varied, including, for non-exclusive example, mechanical fasteners, such as snaps, molded-in pins of the pad that attach to the bottom of the rug, magnetic connectors on rug and pad, elastic loops of the rug stretched around pad, and others. Attachment of the connectors or fasteners to the rug and/or pad, respectively, can be widely varied in configuration.
In yet other alternatives, the rug may be comprised of vinyl, weave (such as Nylon), rubber, natural materials (such as Hemp and Bamboo), and any similar or equivalent wear, comfort or performance surface. Further, the pad may be made from varied materials and in variety of manners, such as die-cut flat foam, gel-foam combination, multi-density foam, gel only, combinations such as foam-gel-foam and gel-foam-gel, and others. The high-traction surface and slip-resistant surface of the pad can, similarly, be comprised of various materials and be manufactured in variety of manners, including Latex, vinyl, rubber, thermo plastic rubber, foam, combinations and others. Although certain features, elements, processes, materials, methods and others are disclosed, wide variation is possible in the embodiments.
In the foregoing, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, however, that various modifications, substitutions, deletions, and additions can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications substitutions, deletions, and additions are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. Any benefits, advantages, or solutions to problems that may have been described above with regard to specific embodiments, as well as device(s), connection(s), step(s) and element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced, are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element.